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60 80 0k Thh X0 LY h0k LY
ua ua Ir Ir nh nh kao kao Iu Iu
Ia Ia o o bong bong
ua ua Ir Ir nh nh ha ha p p
phu phu
ua ua Ir Ir nh nh
Iruya Iruya n n kh kh
ua ua Ir Ir nh nh Irao Irao
d do o I I Ion Ion
C s qu trnh hp ph (Adsorption)
nh ngha
L 1 hin tng b mt
Thu ht cht b hp ph ln b mt cht hp ph,
lm gim sc cng b mt ca cht hp ph
Nh hp ph: qt i ra ca cht b hp ph khi
b mt cht hp ph
2
C ch qu trnh hp ph
C s qu trnh hp ph
Fhan IoaI
hF hF ho ho a a ho ho r r (6hamIraI kdsorpIIon) (6hamIraI kdsorpIIon)
hF hF Va Va I I Iy Iy (FhysIraI kdsorpIIon) (FhysIraI kdsorpIIon)
hho hho ra ra r r I Iu u r r IIan IIan ka ka I I va va I I Iy Iy
ha ha p p phu phu n n I I p p, , d da a Io Io p p, , Ihua Ihua n n ngh}rh ngh}rh
hF hF Va Va I I Iy Iy
6a 6a u u Iru Iru r r rha rha I I ha ha p p phu phu khong khong Ihay Ihay d do o I I
I I ro ro I I nh nh rho rho n n Io Io r r, I , I
0 0
Iha Iha p p
V. V. s s hF hF r r a a k6 k6 lv lv 60 60
Z Z
, 6 , 6
Z Z
h h
6 6
0h, 0h,
3
C s qu trnh hp ph
hF hF ho ho a a ho ho r r
hho hho I Iu u r r IIan IIan ka ka I I ho ho a a ho ho r r
ha ha p p phu phu d don on Io Io p p
6a 6a u u Iru Iru r r rha rha I I ha ha p p phu phu Ihay Ihay d do o I I
khong khong Ihua Ihua n n ngh}rh ngh}rh
T T nh nh rho rho n n Io Io r r rao rao, I , I
0 0
rao rao
V. V. s s hF hF r r a a rh rh I I r r ng ng kgI kgI lv lv kg kg
+ +
Irong Irong dd dd
C s qu trnh hp ph
kha kha nang nang ha ha p p phu phu phu phu Ihuo Ihuo r r
Ia Ia n n I I rh rh ba ba ma ma I I rha rha I I ha ha p p phu phu (m (m
Z Z
lg) lg)
ho ho ng ng d do o ru ru a a rha rha I I b} b} ha ha p p phu phu
Va Va n n Io Io r r I Iu uong ong d do o I I gI gIu ua a haI haI pha pha
6o 6o rha rha h h nh nh Iha Iha nh nh IIan IIan ka ka I I. . ho ho a a hay hay Iy Iy ho ho r r
4
C s qu trnh hp ph
6a 6a r r da da ng ng IIan IIan ka ka I I
Lk Van Lk Van dar dar WaaIs WaaIs
Lk Lk I I nh nh d dIa Ia n n
Lk hydro Lk hydro
Lk Lk ho ho a a ho ho r r. . Ik Ik Ion, Ion, d do o ng ng ho ho a a Ir} Ir}, , pho pho I I Ir Ir
Lin kt Van der Waals
5
Lin kt Hydro
Lin kt tnh in
6
Nhit hp ph
{ Ta nhit
{ hp ph tng khi nhit gim
{ Nhit HP vt l nh, nhit HP ha hc ln
{ Nhit hp ph tch phn (cal/g): lng nhit thot
ra tnh cho 1g cht hp ph
{ Nhit hp ph vi phn (cal/mol): l lng nhit
thot ra khi hp ph thm mt lng nh cht b
hp ph v quy v ng vi 1 mol
Tnh chn lc nh hng
Quy tc chn lc nh hng
Nhng cht c t/c tng t nhau d HP vo
nhau
Nu l HP ha hc /v cc ion
Ion c trong thnh phn cu to tinh th b mt: b
HP trc
Ion tng t c kh nng hon thnh cu to mng
li tinh th b mt
u tin cho ion c in trng ln hn (in tch ln,
solvat ha t hn)
VD: AgI HP mnh /v I
-
trong dd c KI, nhng
cng c kh nng HP Cl
-
(hay SCN
-
) trong dd
c NaCl hay NaSCN
7
C s qu trnh hp ph
o o ha ha p p phu phu () ()
La luJng chat bi ha hu da bi ha hu tren 1 dJn vi
dien tich be mat hoac 1 dJn vi khoi luJng chat ha
hu (J trang thai can bang ha hu).
S
n
G =
m
n
G = hay
n : s mol cht b hp ph
S : din tch b mt (m
2
)
m : khi lng cht hp ph (g)
C s qu trnh hp ph
phu phu
Ihuo Ihuo r r
8a 8a n n rha rha I I rha rha I I hFl hFl b} b} hF hF
8a 8a ma ma I I rha rha I I hF hF
ho ho ng ng d do o ( (a a p p sua sua I I) ) rha rha I I b} b} hF hF

max max
Ia Ia d do o ha ha p p phu phu Io Io I I d da a
ru ru a a rha rha I I hF hF u u ng ng vo vo I I no no ng ng d do o
ran ran ba ba ng ng ru ru a a rha rha I I b} b} hF hF
8
ph b mt ()
% 100 .
r
p
S
S
=
S
r
: din tch b mt ring,
S
p
: din tch b mt ca cht hp ph hp ph
0 < <100% : HP n lp khng hon ton
> 100% : hp ph a lp
= 100% : hp ph n lp hon ton
max
G
G
S
S
r
p
= =
ph b mt ()
0 0. . S N G Sp =
N
0
: s Avogadro
S
0
: ph c bn ( ph nguyn t) - l din
tch ti thiu ca 1 phn t hoc 1 ion chim
ch b mt cht hp ph
G : hp ph
9
V d 1
10g 1 loi than ci c b mt ring
Sr = 300m
2
.g
-1
hp ph c 0,46g ru
C
2
H
5
OH 25
0
C. Tnh ph ca loi than
ny i vi C
2
H
5
OH?
Bit S
0
(C
2
H
5
OH) = 21,6A
0 2
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Cht hp ph (Adsorbent)
L cht rn m trn b mt xy ra s hp ph
Din tch b mt ring rt ln
T nhin hoc tng hp
phn tn cao
Cu trc v nh hnh hoc tinh th nh
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Cht hp ph (Adsorbent)
Than hot tnh (AC), (1000 1500m
2
/g)
Silicagel
Zeolites
t st (50 - 200 m
2
/g)
Alumina hot tnh (AlO
4
)
12
Hp ph bng than hot tnh (AC)
D D ng ng h h t t
GAC (Granular GAC (Granular
Activated Carbon) Activated Carbon)
D D ng ng b b t t
PAC (Powder PAC (Powder
Activated Carbon) Activated Carbon)
Than hot tnh
Din tch b mt ln
(1g AC c tng S = 1000m
2
)
rng ( xp) ln
Hiu qu hp ph cao (hp cht hu c
d bay hi, cht gy mi)
13
Than hot tnh
Loi nh
r < 1nm
Loi va
r = 1 25nm
Loi ln
r > 25nm
Than hot tnh
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Than hot tnh
{ Than GAC: x l
lin tc
{ Than PAC: x l
dng m
PAC
Than hot tnh
150
o
C Nhit ti a cho php
100-140
o
C Nhit nh hp ph (bc hi)
15-25 ng knh l rng (trung bnh)
600-1600 m
2
/g Din tch b mt
0.56-1.20 cm
3
/g Th tch rng
c tnh ca than hot tnh
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Sn xut than hot tnh
Nh hp ph
Cht hp ph
Cht b hp ph
Tng hiu qu hp ph
Hiu qu kinh t
Dng nhit
Dng cc cht ha hc
Ti sao nh hp ph?
Phng php
16
Nh hp ph than hot tnh
{ Nhit phn t chy cc cht b hp ph (hu
c)
{ Gia nhit n 800
0
C, khng c O
2
(trnh than
hot tnh b chy)
{ Tn km: l t, l nung,
{ Tn tht ln: 7-10%
Dng nhit
Nh hp ph than hot tnh
{ Kim hoc dung mi
{ Thng thc hin 100
0
C, pH cao
{ Hn hp thu c: dung mi v cht bn.
{ Tn tht t, 1%
{ Thng dng cho hp ph ha hc
Dng tc nhn ha hc
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Zeolites
ng ng nhit hp ph
(Adsorption Isotherms)
Langmuir Langmuir Freundlich Freundlich
Henry Henry BET BET
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ng ng nhit Langmuir
Gi thit
Hp ph n lp
Nng lng HP ca cc phn t ng nht
S c mt ca cc pt b HP khng a/h n
kh nng HP ca nhng v tr lin k
Qt hp ph thun nghch
ng ng nhit Langmuir
Phng trnh l thuyt
C a
C
G G
+
=
max
a : hng s
G
max
: HP cc i (hng s) mol/g
G : HP
C : nng cht b HP (mol/l)
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ng ng nhit Langmuir
PT ny ch ph hp vi thc nghim trong 2 trng hp:
C < < a: G = ( G
max
/ a) .C = k .C dng t uy n t nh ( 1)
C > > a: G = G
max
dng (2)
Trong khong (C
1
, C
2
): khng ph hp vi ng cong thc
nghim
B mt cht HP khng hon ton ng nht
HP vt l c th a lp
ng ng nhit Langmuir
C b a b
m
x
C a
C b a
m
x 1
.
.
1 1 1
. 1
. .
+ =
+
=
x x . . I Iu uo o ng ng rha rha I I b} b} ha ha p p phu phu (mg) (mg)
m m . . kho kho I I I Iu uo o ng ng rha rha I I ha ha p p phu phu (mg) (mg)
6 6 . . no no ng ng d do o rha rha I I b} b} hF hF ro ro n n Irg Irg dd dd sau sau khI khI qI hF qI hF
ka ka I I Ihu Ihu r r (mglL) (mglL)
a, b a, b . . ha ha ng ng so so
PT thc nghim
20
ng ng nhit Freundlich
Gi thit
Qu trnh hp ph a lp
Dng 1
x bp
n
=
1/
log log log x
n
p b = +
1
x : hp ph
p : p sut kh cn bng trn cht hp ph
b, n : cc hng s
ng ng nhit Freundlich
Dng 2
x
m
KC
n
=
1/
log log log
x
m
K
n
C = +
1
x x . . I Iu uo o ng ng rha rha I I b} b} ha ha p p phu phu ban ban u u (mg) (mg)
m m . . kho kho I I I Iu uo o ng ng rha rha I I ha ha p p phu phu (mg) (mg)
6 6 . . no no ng ng d do o rha rha I I b} b} hF hF ro ro n n Irg Irg dd dd sau sau khI khI qI hF qI hF
ka ka I I Ihu Ihu r r (mglL) (mglL)
n, k n, k . . ha ha ng ng so so
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ng ng nhit Freundlich
log(x/m)
log C
D
C
B
A
C
1
log log log
x
m
K
n
C = +
1
Phng trnh BET (Brunaoe, Emet,
Tenle)
v
m
: th tch kh b HP khi ton b b mt cht HP b ph
1 lp n phn t
v : th tch tng cng ca kh b HP p sut cn bng p
p
0
: p sut hi bo ha ca cht b HP
c : hng s
cp v
p c
c v p p v
p
m
) 1 (
.
1
) (
0

+ =

HP vt l a lp ca cht HP rn /v cht kh
p dng x b mt ring ca cht xc tc v cht
HP rn
22
V d 2
che ph 1g Silicagel (SiO
2
.H
2
O)
bng 1 lp n phn t cn th tch
kh Nit l 129ml (v
m
), 1atm v
0
0
C. Tnh din tch b mt ca
Silicagel , nu ph c bn ca Nit
l 16,2 A
02
Phng trnh HP trong dung dch
G : hp ph (mol/g)
C
0
v C: nng u v nng cn bng
ca dd cht b HP (mol/l)
V : th tch dung dch trong xy ra HP (l)
m : khi lng cht HP (g)
m
V C C
G
) (
0

=
23
V d 3
Cho 5g bt TiO
2
vo 100ml dung dch
Natri Dodecylsulfat (vit tt: NaDS)
C
12
H
25
SO
4
Na nng 0,002M. Sau mt
thi gian, nng NaDS l 0,0014M.
Tnh ph ca TiO
2
?
Bit b mt ring ca TiO
2
l 7,8m
2
.g
-1
v S
0,NaDS
= 27,3A
02
C s qu trnh hp ph
ng dng
Kh Kh c c c c CHC CHC nh nh thu thu c c nhu nhu m m, , c c c c h/c h/c thm thm
Kh thy ngn, x l b sung (SX nc ung
tinh khit), XL kh c
XL cc cht gy mi, thuc tr su, dit c
Kim loi nng, cc cht c hot tnh b mt
Kh COD cn li sau qu trnh XL sinh hc
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ng dng PP hp ph
Bi tp 1
Mt nghin cu hp ph c thc hin trong phng th nghim
bng cch cho thm 1 lng than hot tnh xc nh vo 6 bnh
tam gic cha 200mL nc thi cng nghip. Mt bnh tam gic
na cha 200mL nc thi khng cho thm than c dng lm
mu trng. V ng cn bng hp ph v xc nh cc h s
trong pt Langmuir
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Bi tp 2
Sau y l bng d liu thc nghim trong nghin cu qt hp ph
gin on. V ng hp ph ng nhit Freundlich v xc nh
cc h s ca pt. Bit th tch nc em th nghim mi bnh l
500mL v nc thi c nng u COD l 100mg/L
Bi tp 3
Th nghim hp ph vi 6 cc cha 500mL nc thi cng
nghip c nng TOC ban u l 150mg/L. Khuy trn cc th
nghim trong 4gi, lng, o TOC. V ng cn bng
Langmuir v Freundlich cho cc d liu th nghim sau
y v xc nh cc h s tng ng

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