n 2 GVHD: ThS V Th ng

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LI CM N
Em xin chn thnh cm n thy V Th ng tn tnh hng dn v to iu kin thun li cho em hon thnh tt n ny .Em xin chn thnh cm n qu thy c trong khoa in t cng cc bn sinh vin trong lp v khoa ng gp kin v trao i kinh nghim trong qu trnh thc hin v hon thnh ti ny. Trong qu trnh thc hin ti khng th trnh khi sai st,knh mong qu thy c gp v ch dn ngi thc hin hon thin hn trong n mn hc u tin ny.

Ngi thc hin L Xun Tm

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i Hc Tr Vinh Khoa in in T

iu khin t xa bng sng RF

CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VITNAM c Lp T Do Hnh Phc Ngythng nm 2012 LI NHN XT N MN HC (Dnh cho ngi hng dn)

1. 2. 3. 4.

H tn sinh vin : L Xun Tm MSSV: 120710016 Tn ti : IU KHIN T XA BNG SNG RF Ngi hng dn : Thy V Th ng Nhng u im ca n : .... .... 5. Nhng thiu st ca n : Nhn xt CH K v H TN

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MC LC
PHN A:GII THIU Chng I: T VN ...5 LI NI U..6 PHN B:NI DUNG CHNG II:GII THIU IU KHIN T XA..8 I. iu khin t xa bng tn s v tuyn (RF).....8 I.1 Hot ng ...8 I.2 u im..8 I.3Khuyt im.8 I.4 Khc phc khuyt im..8 CHNG III: TNG QUAN......9 I . L DO CHN TI II . MC TIU V NHIM V NGHIN CU. ....9 1. Mc tiu..9 2. Nhim v.........9 III. I TNG LM TI....10 CHNG IV: C S L THUYT V THC TIN....10 I:C s l thuyt.....10 CHNG V: THIT K V THI CNG MCH IU KHIN THIT B IN TRONG NH BNG SNG RF...11 I. B pht thu RF...11 1.Cu to...11 2.Nguyn l hot ng ca 2 modul.12 3.S nguyn l.....13

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CHNG VI: THC HNH........22 PHN C: KT LUN I . Nhn xt..24 II. Hng pht trin ti...24 TI LIU THAM KHO.......25

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PHN A:GII THIU

Chng I: T VN
Mc tiu ca n mn hc 1 gip cho sinh vin c nhng kh nng sau: -T sp xp k hoch lm vic -T tm ti tra cu tham kho ti liu -Bit tnh ton thit k cch mch ng dng da v cc mn c s ngnh -Thi cng mt s sn phm n gin V vy cng vi s hng dn ca thy V Th ng,ngi thc hin ti chn n mn hc 2 l thit k thi cng mch thu pht sng RF. n vn dng cc kin thc hc v vi iu khin ,thu pht sng RF,. V l c hi ngi thc hin ti c thm nhiu kin thc kinh nghim kim tra s khc nhau gia l thuyt so vi trn thc t.

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LI NI U
Ngy nay vi nhng ng dng ca khoa hc k thut trn tin tin,th gii chng ta v ang ngy mt thay i,vn minh v hin i hn.S pht trin ca k thut in t to ra hng lot nhng thit b vi cc c im ni bt nh s chnh xc cao,tc nhanh,gn nh l nhng yu t rt cn thit cho hot ng ca con ngi t hiu qu cao. in t ang tr thnh mt ngnh cng nghip a nhim v.in t p ng nhng i hi khng ngng t cc lnh vc cng nng lm ng nghip cho n cc nhu cu thit b trong i sng hng ngy Mt trong nhng ng dng quan trng trong cng ngh in t l k thut iu khin t xa.N gp phn rt ln trong vic iu khin cc thit b t xa hay nhng thit b m con ngi khng th trc tip chm vo vn hnh iu khin. Xut pht t ng dng quan trng trn,em thit k v thi cng mch iu khin thit b in trong nh s dng module thu pht sng v tuyn.

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PHN B NI DUNG

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CHNG II:GII THIU IU KHIN T XA BNG SNG RF

I. iu khin t xa bng tn s v tuyn (RF) L loi iu khin t xa xut hin u tin v n nay vn gi mt vai tr quan trng v ph bin trong i sng. Nu iu khin IR ch dng trong nh th iu khin RF li dng cho nhiu vt dng bn ngoi nh cc thit b m ca gara xe, h thng bo hiu cho xem cc loi chi in t t xa thm ch kim sot v tinh v cc h thng my tnh xch tay v in thoi thng minh I.1 Hot ng Vi loi iu khin ny, n cng s dng nguyn l tng t nh iu khin bng tia hng ngoi nhng thay v gi i cc tn hiu nh sng, n li truyn sng v tuyn tng ng vi cc lnh nh phn. B phn thu sng v tuyn trn thit b c iu khin nhn tn hiu v gii m n. I.2 u im Truyn xa hn IR vi khong cch khong 30m hoc c th ln ti 100m. Truyn xuyn tng,knh I.3Khuyt im B nhiu sng do bn ngoi c rt nhiu cc thit b my mc s dng cc tn s khc nhau. I.4 Khc phc khuyt im Trnh nhiu sng bng cch truyn cc tn s c bit v nhng m k thut s a ch ca thit b nhn trong cc tn hiu v tuyn. iu ny gip b thu v tuyn trn thit b hi p tn hiu tng ng mt cch chnh xc.

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CHNG III: TNG QUAN

I . L DO CHN TI
Truyn d liu khng dy l mt mng ln trong in t thng tin, d liu c truyn i c th l tng t cng c th l s. Trong truyn d liu khng dy, hiu qu nht vn l truyn bng sng in t hay sng Radio, bi nhng u im l truyn khong cch xa, a hng, tn s hot ng cao. Truyn d liu s c ng dng rt rng ri, nht l trong lnh vc iu khin, thng tin s. Nhiu vi mch h tr x l tn hiu khng dy c s dng nh PT2248, PT2249, PT9148, PT9149, PT2262, PT2272, HT640, HT648 Vn t ra l cc vi mch ny truyn d liu ch dnh cho mc ch ring l iu khin thit b, thng tin c truyn i c m ho sn, s bit d liu truyn i thp, khng ph hp vi nhu cu truyn d liu hng lot v lin tc.

II .

MC TIU V NHIM V NGHIN CU

1. Mc tiu
Trc mt,chng ta s thit k v thi cng 1 thit bi in cho b iu khin thit b in trong gia nh, t c k hoch pht trin v thi cng nhng thit b khc cho cc ng dng rng ri v thc t hn. Trong tng lai, chng ta s m rng v pht trin c nhng thit b ny bng cch m rng kh nng giao tip ca thit b, nh qua Internet hay mng in thoi di ng.

2. Nhim v
Chng ta cn tm hiu nguyn l hot ng ca b iu khin t xa l nh th no v ng dng cng ngh vo thc tin. Chng ta c nhn tng quan hn v cu trc ca thit b trong b iu khin t xa, t ta s nh hng c kh nng pht trin ca n. Tng lai c th hon thin c nhng yu cu v iu khin t xa phc tp hn.

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III. I TNG LM TI
Sng RF (Radio Frequency) cn gi l Tn s sng Radio hin nay ang c s dng rng ri trong cc thit b iu khin t xa do kh nng truyn nhn tt trong cc mi trng cng nh kh nng thi cng d dng. Hn na b pht v thu sng RF cng ang c mt rng ri trn th trng, gi thnh d chp nhn v tin s dng. Thit b c la chn iu khin trong m hnh ca ti ny l thit b in gia dng trong mng li in 220V.

CHNG IV: C S L THUYT V THC TIN

I. C s l thuyt
Hin nay c nhiu phng php la chn thit b iu khin t xa nh: sng hng ngoi, ng truyn ADSL, mng in thoi, sng RF... Nhng chng em nhn thy phm vi ti cn nh hp, kin thc cn phi trang b nhiu v tnh cht ch yu ca ti l kh nng ng dng cao v thn thin vi ngi dng nn thit b c chn l b pht - thu sng RF hot ng trn tnh nng s dng ca cp IC PT2262 / PT2272. Tm hot ng cho php ca remote t 50-100m vi tn s 315MHz, cho php iu khin 4 knh. Da vo c tnh ca con r le YL303H c th dng p ti 12V DC iu khin tip im chu c 28VDC -10A v 250VAC- 10A

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CHNG V: THIT K V THI CNG MCH IU KHIN THIT B IN TRONG NH BNG SNG RF
I. B pht thu RF
1.Cu to
B pht RF

Hnh 1. B phtRF B thu RF

Hnh 2. B thu RF

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2.Nguyn l hot ng ca 2 modul

B pht: S dng Chip PT2262 Tn s tn hiu: 315MHz Tm pht 50-100m B thu: S dng Chip PT2272 in p s dng: 5V Dng in tiu th2.5mA Tm thu: 50-150m Modul pht tn hiu RF gm 4 nt nhn. Khi nhn nt, 1 sng c pht ra ti 1 thi im. Modul nhn tn hiu RF l mt b thu ch nhn c duy nht 1 tn hiu ti 1 thi im. Do khng th xut cc ng ra ng thi hay on/off 1 ng ra trn cng 1 nt

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 n 2 GVHD: ThS V Th ng 3.S nguyn l

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 n 2 GVHD: ThS V Th ng a. S mch pht

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b. S mch thu

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 n 2 GVHD: ThS V Th ng c.S mch bo

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4.Mt s linh kin s dng trong mch a.IC 4013

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 n 2 GVHD: ThS V Th ng S chn ic 4013

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Chc nng c bn ca 1 flip-flop Input S H L H R L H H D X X X C X X X Q H L H output L H H

Khi cha c xung CK ( cha nhn phm ) : ng ra Q = 0 , QN = 1 . D liu ti D l 1 v ta ni D vi QN . Khi c xung CK(nhn mt phm),d liu ti D s c np vo v ng ra Q=1, QN=0 . Lc ny trng thi ng s c cht li v ch thay i khi c thm mt xung CK .

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 n 2 GVHD: ThS V Th ng b . relay YL E (yl303h)

iu khin t xa bng sng RF

cu to
R-le l loi linh kin ng ngt in c n gin. N gm 2 phn chnh l nam chm in v cc tip im. Cu to ca r-le: R-le c cu to ht sc n gin, gm 4 b phn sau y: -Nam chm in -Li st -L xo -Cc tip im

r-le gm 2 phn tch ri nhau l phn di v phn nam chm in. mt cng tc ng ngt ngun cho nam chm in. Khi cng tt ng (on), nam chm in c t trng s ht thanh st Thanh st dch chuyn gia hai v tr ging nh mt cng tt. Khi c lc ht t trng, thanh st v tr hai (thng h) n sng. Ngc li, l xo s ko thanh st ln v tr 1 (thng ng) lm h mch, n tt
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Nhn chung, cng dng ca r-le l "dng mt nng lng nh ng ct ngun nng lng ln hn". V d nh bn c th dng dng in 5V, 50mA ng ngt dng in 120V,2A. R-le c dng kh thng dng trong cc ng dng iu khin ng c v chiu sng. Relay l linh kin dng trong iu khin, n s tc ng (ng cng tc li chng hn) ng ra khi tn hiu iu khin ng vo (tn hiu c th dng in, t, nh sng, nhit..) t n ngng no (set point). Ni tm li, Relay l cng tc iu khin gin tip (ngha l khng cn tay con ngi vn nh cng tc c)

c.PT2262
PT2262 c s chn nh hnh v sau

PT2262 c 2 loi chnh : loi c 8 a ch m ha , 4 a ch d liu v loi c 6 a ch m ha v 6 a ch d liu. M ha 12 bit 1 khung A0-->A7, D0-->D3.Cc linh kin PT2262 a vo vit Nam ch c loi PT2262 vi 8 a ch m ha v 4 a ch d liu. IC PT2262 c nhiu nhm, nhiu phin bn, phn nhm theo cch ch vit tip theo bn sau ch PT2262, hnh v cho thy c nhm 18 chn v c nhm 20 chn, theo tn ghi trn cc chn ca IC chng ta hiu cng dng ca tng chn nh sau: Chn cui ca hng di cho ni masse v chn cui ca hng trn cho ni vi ngun Vcc, t 4V n 15V. Trn chn OSC1 v OSC2 dng gn in tr R nh tn cho xung nhp, dng to ra cc dy xung m lnh. Tn s xung nhp phi ly tng thch gia bn pht v bn nhn. Cc chn A0 - A5 dng nhp m a ch, trn mi chn c th c 3 trng thi, cho ni masse l bit 0, cho ni vo ngun dng l bit 1 v b trng l bit F.
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Chn A6/D0 - A11/D5 c th dng nh cc chn a ch t A6 n A11, nhng khi dng nh chn nhp d liu Data th ch xc lp theo mc 0 v mc 1, ch c 2 trng thi. Chn TE dng cho xut nhm xung m lnh, n c tc dng mc p thp. Ngha l khi chn ny mc p thp, n s cho xut ra xung m lnh trn chn Dout. Chn Dout, l chn ng ra ca nhm tn hiu m lnh, cc tn hiu m lnh u dng xung, ngha l lc mc p thp, lc mc p cao. Sau y l cc hnh v mt ln na cho thy cch dng ic PT2262 trong mch pht tn hiu m lnh. Loi L4 l thong dng vit nam v t c loi L6. PT2262 c " 3 m 12 " m ha tc l c th m ha 531441 m mi c th trng lp li. Cch m ha PT2262 c th lm c bng cch ni ngn mch cc chn "m ha a ch " ln dng ngun (m ha +) v xung m ngun (m ha -) hoc c th b trng (m ha 0). D liu m ha c truyn trn mt khung 12 bit gm 8 bit u l m ha (A0A7 ) v 4 d liu . Bi vy bn c th truyn c song song 4 bit d liu 0 hoc 1. Nu truyn d liu th nn mc nh cho 4 chn d liu ny l 0 hoc l 1 bng cch ni thm in tr " ko ln " hoc " a xung GND) trnhnhiu. PT2262 dng dao ng ngoi: n gin l ch cn lp thm 1 in tr dao ng vo chn 15 v chn 16 ca PT2262 Tn hiu encoder c a ra chn 17 ca PT2262, chn ny thng mc 1 khi tn hiu ngh v mc 0 khi tn hiu ho tng. Tn hiu a ra gm : sng mang dao ng < 700KHz + a ch m ha + d liu. Tn s Sng mang dao ng c quyt nh bi R chn 15 v 16 v c tnh bng : f = R/12 . V d : mc in tr 470k vo chn 15 v 16 u ra chn 17 s c 470/12 = khong 39Khz PT2262 c in p rng : C th lm vic c t 2,5V n 15 V . Trong datasheet ca n l t 4 V nhng qua thi gian rt di lm vic v nghin cu con ny c th khng nh c v in p ca n lm vic rt thp

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 n 2 GVHD: ThS V Th ng d.PT 2272

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Tng t vi PT2262 c 2 kiu th PT2272 cng c 2 kiu: PT2272 c 8 a ch gii m v 4 d liu u ra thng c k hiu: PT2272 - L4 PT2272 l con gii m ca PT2262 n cng c 8 a ch gii m tng ng 4 d liu ra 1 chn bo hiu m ng VT (chn17). Cch gii m nh sau : Chn 15 v 16 cng cn mt in tr lm dao ng gii m trong di hng ngoi hoc di 100KHz c th dng R rt ln hoc khng cn. Nhng t khong 100KHz dao ng tr ln --- th bt buc phi dng R to dao ng cho PT2272. Gi tr R ca PT2272 s bng khong : ( Gi tr R ca PT2262) chia cho 10 V d : PT2262 mc in tr 4,7 M th PT2272 s mc 470k

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CHNG VI: THC HNH

Bc 1: Chn in tr cho mch dao ng bn pht v bn thu. Bng tra tn s mch ca dao ng bn ic thu PT2272 Bng tra tn s mch ca dao ng bn ic pht PT2262

Cc in tr tham kho PT2262 4.7 M 3.3 M 1.2 M

PT2272 820 K 680 K 200 K

Hoc chng ta cng c th dng mt bin tr t t d ra c tr ca in tr thch ng. Bc 2: t bit cho bn pht v bn thu ging nhau.

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Cho ghp 2 ic PT2262 v PT2272 nh s mch trn, thc hin cch t m bit cho bn pht v bn thu ging nhau, sau cp in v o volt DC trn chn VT bn thu v nhn nt BP trn chn TE ca bn pht, nu mc volt trn chn VT c thay i l hai IC "hiu nhau". Bc 3: Kt ni bn pht bn thu bng sng cao tn. Cho xung m lnh ra chn Dout ca PT2262 ni vo chn B ca transistor pht vi mch cng hng LC trn chn C mn sng cao tn cho pht tn hiu vo khng gian. Bn dng transistor v by sng LC bt sng ca bn pht. Sau khi qua mch tch sng ly ra tn hiu m lnh a vo chn DIN ca PT2272 c gii m, nu tn s sng cao tn bn pht v bn thu ph hp, ta s thy c thay i mc volt DC trn chn VT mi khi nhn nt BP trn chn TE. dng mc volt ny iu khin cc thit b m ta mun. chnh cc t tinh chnh bn pht hay bn thu sao cho tn s bn pht v bn thu phi bng nhau. Nu vic iu chnh cng chun xc, tm iu khin s cng xa.

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PHN C: KT LUN
I . Nhn xt
Mch thit k n gin, nh gn, tn hiu thu pht tt. Tch hp c ng dng vi iu khin trong mch. Gi thnh r, nguyn vt liu sn c trn th trng, c tnh cng ngh.

II. Hng pht trin ti

V mch s dng iu khin thng qua vi iu khin nn trong tng lai c th pht trin thm nhiu tnh nng nh: bt tt n theo thi gian quy nh, bt tt khi c ngi hoc khng c ngi bc vo khu vc, ngt in tc thi khi xy ra s c, pht m thanh bo hiu trng thi hot ng. Ngoi ra ta cn c th pht trin nhiu phng thc giao tip hn chng hn: giao tip bng ging ni, mn hnh cm bin hay qua in thoi. Khng ch dng li h thng n, tng lai c th pht trin thm mt s thit b trong nh khc nh tivi, my iu ha, qut... Mc tiu l to ra nhng sn phm c kh nng ng dung vo cuc sng, cht lng nhng gi thnh r, ph hp vi nhu cu sinh hot v tiu dng ca ngi Vit Nam.

Hn ch
Ch mi iu khin c 4 thit b. Cha pht huy ht cc kha cnh ng dng .

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TI LIU THAM KHO Diendandientu.com Phuclanshop.com K thut xung s iu khin t xa

iu khin t xa bng sng RF

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