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V Mnh Hng
Bi Tp
10
C BN - NNG CAO
-24-
V Mnh Hng
Chng 3
Ta ca im va vect:
M(x;y) OM = x.i + y.j
trong
Gi s
a = (a1;a2) v b = (b1;b2).
ka = (ka1;ka2)
-2-
{xy == yx ++ tata :
o
x x o y yo
=
(a1.a2 0): phng trnh chnh tc.
a1
a2
D 0 (x = Dx:D, y = Dy:D)
D = 0, Dx 0 hay Dy 0
D = Dx = Dy = 0
-23-
Bi Tp n
-22-
V Mnh Hng
V Mnh Hng
-3-
6/ Vit phng trnh tham s, phng trnh chnh tc, phng trnh tng qut
ca ng thng i qua im Mo nhn a lm vect ch phng:
. Mo(1;2), a = (3;1) . Mo(2;1), a = (0;1)
. Mo(5;3), a = (2;0)
-4-
-21-
Bi Tp n
-20-
V Mnh Hng
V Mnh Hng
-5-
. 3x + 5y 4 = 0, 6x + 10y 7 = 0. . x y2 = 0, x2 2y = 0.
5< 3> Cho a2 + b2 > 0 v 2 .thng (d1): (a b)x + y = 1, (d2): (a2 b2)x + ay = b.
Xc nh giao im ca (d1) v (d2), tm iu kin i vi a, b giao im
nm trn trc honh.
<54> Chng minh rng ng thng (d): (m 2)x + (m 1)y + 2m 1 = 0 lun
i qua 1 im c nh.
-6-
Bi Tp n
-19-
-18-
V Mnh Hng
V Mnh Hng
-7-
-8-
<84> nh m gc to bi 2 .thng 4x + my 20 = 0, 2x 3y + 6 = 0 l 45 .
<85> Cho phng trnh cc cnh ca tam gic: 3x + 4y 1 = 0, x 7y 17 = 0,
7x + y + 31 = 0. Chng minh rng tam gic ny cn.
<86> im A( 4;5) l nh ca mt hnh vung c mt ng cho nm trn
ng thng 7x y + 8 = 0. Lp phng trnh cc cnh v ng cho th hai
ca hnh vung.
<87> Mt hnh vung c tm I(2;3) v 1 cnh c phng trnh: x 2y 1 = 0.
Lp phng trnh cc ng cho v cc cnh cn li ca hnh vung.
<88> Lp phng trnh cnh hnh vung c 2 nh i din A(1;3), C(6;2).
<89> Cho ABC cn nh C(4;3), phng trnh cnh AC: 2x y 5 = 0, phng
trnh cnh AB: x y = 0. Vit phng trnh cnh BC.
<90> Cho ABC cn ti A, phng trnh cnh BC: x + 2y 3 = 0, cnh AB: 2x
+ y 3 = 0. Lp phng trnh cnh AC bit AC i qua im M(2;1).
<91> Cho ABC vung cn ti A(4;1), ph.trnh cnh huyn 3x y + 5 = 0. Tm
phng trnh 2 cnh gc vung.
<92> Cho 2 ng thng (d1): x + y 1 = 0, (d2): x 3y + 3 = 0. Vit phng
trnh ng thng (d) i xng ca (d1) qua (d2).
ng trn.
]| Phng trnh ng trn (C) tm I(a;b) bn knh R:
2
2
2
(x a) + (y b) = R
2
2
2
2
2
x + y 2ax 2by + c = 0 vi R = a + b c > 0
]} Phng trnh tip tuyn ca ng trn:
a. Tip tuyn vi (C) ti im M(xo;yo) (C): Tip tuyn qua M vung gc vi
IM = (xo a;yo b) do c phng trnh: (xo a)(x xo) + (yo b)(y yo) = 0.
b. Tip tuyn vi (C) i qua im M(xo;yo) (C):
+ Phng trnh tip tuyn () c dng:
a(x xo) + b(y yo) = 0 ax + by axo byo = 0 (a2 + b2 0)
+ () tip xc (C) d(I,) = R, t tm c a, b.
c. Phng trnh tip tuyn vi (C) c h s gc k:
* Nu tip tuyn c h s gc k: phng trnh tip tuyn c dng y = kx + m
* Nu tip tuyn song song ng thng ax + by + c = 0: phng trnh tip tuyn
c dng ax + by + m = 0.
* Nu tip tuyn vung gc ng thng ax + by + c = 0: phng trnh tip tuyn
c dng bx ay + m = 0.
+ () tip xc (C) d(I,) = R, t tm c m.
<93> Lp phng trnh ng trn trong cc trng hp sau:
. Tm O bn knh R = 3.
. Tm I(2;3) bn knh R = 7.
. i qua gc O v c tm I(6;8). . i qua A(2;6) c tm I(1;2).
-17-
Bi Tp n
-16-
V Mnh Hng
&
<15> Cho ABC cn c phng trnh cnh y BC v cnh bn AB ln lt l:
x + 2y = 0, x y + 6 = 0. Vit phng trnh ng thng qua B v song song
vi AC.
<16> Cho ABC bit A(1;2), B(2;0), C(3;1).
. Xc nh tm ng trn ngoi tip ABC.
. Tm im M trn ng thng BC sao cho SABM = SABC.
<17> Vit phng trnh ng thng (d) i qua im A(1;2) v cch u 2 im
M(2;3), N(4;5) .
<18> Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua im B(1;3) cch im A(2;5)
khong cch bng 8.
<19> Cho 2 ng thng (d1): x 3y + 6 = 0, (d2): 2x y 3 = 0. Tm phng
trnh ng thng (d) i xng ca (d2) qua (d1).
<20> Cho ng thng (d): 3x + 4y 12 = 0. Vit phng trnh ng thng (d)
i xng vi (d) qua O.
<21> Cho A(1;3), B(3;3), I(6;2) v ng thng (D): 4x + 3y 3 = 0.
. Vit phng trnh ng thng qua I v vung gc vi (D).
. Vit phng trnh ng thng qua I v cch u 2 im A,B.
. Tm im C trn (D) sao cho dt(IBC) = vdt.
2< 2> Cho hnh ch nht ABCD c tm I(;0), phng trnh ng thng AB l
x 2y + 2 = 0 v AB = 2AD. Tm to cc nh A, B, C, D bit rng nh A
c honh m.
<23> Cho M(2;6), gi (d) l ng thng qua M ct Ox ti A, Oy ti B. Tm
phng trnh ng thng (d) bit 3OA 4OB = 0 v M trn on AB.
<24> Cho ABC vi A(0;1), B(1;2), C(5;1)
. Tm phng trnh cnh BC v ng cao AH.
. Gi (D) l ng thng i qua A c h s gc m. nh m (D) ct
BC ti mt im nm pha ngoi on thng BC.
V Mnh Hng
-9-
. Tm O v tip xc vi ng thng 3x 4y + 20 = 0.
. Tm I(1;1) v tip xc vi ng thng 5x 12y + 9 = 0.
. i qua im B(9;9) v tip xc vi trc honh ti A(6;0).
. i qua A(3;1), B(1;3), tm I nm trn ng thng 3x y 2 = 0.
. i qua 3 im A(1;3), B(0;2), C(1;1).
!0. i qua im M(1;2) v tip xc vi cc trc to .
!1. i qua 2 im A(1;3), B(4;2) v tip xc vi ng thng x y + 1 = 0.
!2. Qua A(1;1), B(0;2) v tip xc vi ng trn (x 5)2 + (y 5)2 = 16.
!3. Bn knh R = 5, tip xc vi .thng x 2y 1 = 0 ti im A(3;1).
!4. i qua A(2;1), tip xc vi hai .thng 2x + y 5 = 0, 2x + y + 15 = 0.
!5. i qua M(1;2), tip xc vi hai .thng 7x y 5 = 0, x + y + 13 = 0.
!6. Tm I(3;1), 1 dy cung di bng 6 nm trn .th. 2x 5y + 18 = 0.
!7. Tm nm trn ng thng 2x + y = 0 v tip xc vi 2 ng thng
4x 3y + 10 = 0, 4x 3y 30 = 0.
!8. Tm nm trn .thng 4x 5y 3 = 0 v tip xc vi 2 ng thng
2x 3y 10 = 0, 3x 2y + 5 = 0.
!9. Tip xc vi 3 ng thng:
4x 3y 10 = 0, 3x 4y 5 = 0, 3x 4y 15 = 0.
<94> Phng trnh no xc nh 1 ng trn. Tm tm v bn knh.
. x2 + y2 4x + 6y 3 = 0.
. x2 + y2 8x = 0.
. x2 + y2 + 4y = 0.
. x2 + y2 2x + 4y + 14 = 0
2
2
. x + y + 4x 2y + 5 = 0.
. x2 + y2 + 6x 4y + 14 = 0.
<95> Bin lun s tng giao ca ng thng (D): mx y 2m + 3 = 0 v
ng trn (C): x2 + y2 2x + = 0.
<96> Lp phng trnh ng knh ca ng trn x2 + y2 + 4x 6y 17 = 0
bit rng ng knh vung gc vi ng thng 5x + 2y 13 = 0.
<97> . Lp phng trnh tip tuyn vi ng trn (x + 2)2 + (y 3)2 = 25 ti
im A(5;7).
. Lp phng trnh tip tuyn vi ng trn x2 + y2 + 2x 19 = 0 bit
tip tuyn i qua im A(1;6). Vit phng trnh ng thng qua 2 tip im.
. Lp phng trnh tip tuyn vi ng trn x2 + y2 + 10x 2y + 6 = 0
bit tuyn song song vi ng thng 2x + y 7 = 0.
. Lp phng trnh tip tuyn vi ng trn x2 + y2 2x + 4y = 0 bit
tip tuyn vung gc vi ng thng x 2y + 9 = 0.
-10-
Elip.
Hypebol:
nh Ngha:
nh ngha
BI TP N
2b
F1
:
A1
(1)
F2
2c
2a
2
2a /c
O
B1
2b
A2
F1 A1
(2)
(1)
2c
2
2a /c
Elip
Phng trnh chnh tc
Tiu c F1F2
= 2c
Tiu im
Tm sai
Bn knh qua tiu im
ca im M(E)
nh
Phng trnh cc cnh
hnh ch nht c s
A2
F2
2a
(2)
Hypebol
+=1
=1
c2 = a2 b2
F1(c;0), F2(c;0)
e = c/a
r1 = F1M = a + exM
r2 = F2M = a exM
A1(a;0), A2(a;0)
B1(0;b), B2(0;b)
x=a
y=b
c2 = a2 + b2
F1(c;0), F2(c;0)
e = c/a
r1 = F1M = exM + a
r2 = F2M = exM a
A1(a;0), A2(a;0)
a
a2
=
e
c
Ph.trnh cc ng chun
(1,2): x
Tnh cht
FM i
= e (i = 1, 2)
d(M, i )
x=a
y=b
y = x
(1,2): x
a
a2
=
e
c
FM i
= e (i = 1, 2)
d(M, i )
-14-
Cnic
nh Ngha: Cnic l tp hp cc im M ca mt phng c t s khong cch t n
ti 1 im c nh F v 1 .thng c nh () (khng i qua F) bng mt hng s e.
e: Tm sai, F: Tiu im, (): ng chun ng vi tiu im F
* Nu e < 1: cnic l Elip.
* Nu e > 1: cnic l Hypebol.
* Nu e = 1: cnic l Parabol.
V Mnh Hng
-11-
-12-
V Mnh Hng
-132
. 16x 9y = 144.
. 16x 9y = 144.
. 4x 9y = 36.
. x2 4y2 = 16.
. 4x2 9y2 = 25.
. 25x2 16y2 = 1.
<1=13> Kim chng rng im M(5; ) nm trn hypebol 9x2 16y2 = 144. Tnh
bn knh qua tiu im ca im M.
<1=14> Tm nhng im trn hypebol 16x2 9y2 = 144 c khong cch n tiu
im bn tri bng 7.
<1=15> Chng minh rng tch cc khong cch t mt im bt k trn hypebol
a 2 b2
n 2 tim cn ca n l 1 i lng khng i bng 2
.
a + b2
<1=16> Tm tm sai ca Hypebol bit:
. Hai tim cn vung gc.
. Gc gia 2 tim cn bng .
<1=17> Xt v tr tng i ca ng thng v hypebol:
x 2 y2
x 2 y2
= 1.
= 1.
. x y 3 = 0,
. x 2y + 1 = 0,
12 3
16 9
<1=18> Tm sai hypebol bng 2, bn knh qua tiu im ca im M bng 16.
Tnh khong cch t im M n ng chun cng pha vi tiu im.
<1=19> Tm sai hypebol bng 3, khong cch t im M trn hypebol n ng
chun bng 4. Tnh khong cch t im M n tiu im cng pha vi
ng chun ny.
<1=20> Tm sai hypebol bng 2, mt tiu im l F(12;0). Tnh khong cch t
im M trn hypebol c honh bng 13 n ng chun tng ng vi
tiu im cho.
<1=21> Tm sai hypebol bng , mt phng trnh ng chun l x = 8. Tnh
khong cch t im M trn hypebol c honh bng 10 n tiu im
tng ng vi ng chun cho.
y
/ MF = d(M,)}
F
y2 = 2px
O
x
F(p/2;0)
()
x = p/2
r = x + p/2
<1=22> Lp phng trnh chnh tc ca parabol nu:
. Parabol i qua im A(9;6).
. Tiu im E(3;0).
<1=23> Tm tiu im v phng trnh ng chun ca parabol y2 = 24x.
<1=24> Tnh bn knh qua tiu im ca im M trn parabol y2 = 20x nu xM = 7
<1=25> Tnh bn knh qua tiu im ca im M trn parabol y2 = 12x nu yM = 6
Parabol
nh ngha: (P) = {M
Ph.trnh chnh tc
Tiu im
ng chun
BK qua tiu im