H tn: Phm Th Phng

V Th Hi Phng
Hong Hi Qu
Phm Hong an Qunh
L Minh Tm

Bi 5: PHNG PHP IN HO: O pH V CHUN

O TH
I.Mc tiu:
-Trnh by uc bn cht ca php o pH bng o th v
phng php chun o th.
-Thc hnh c ng tc o pH. o t sai khng cao hoc
thp hn 0.2 n v pH.
-Lm c php chun o th.

II.Nguyn tc:
-Bn cht phng php o th l o sut in ng ca mt
pin to bi mt in cc c th thay i v ph thuc vo nng cc
ion v mt in cc khng thay i l in cc so snh.
E=Ech th-Eso snh
V da vo phng php o th ca dung dchtrong chun ri
suy ra im tng v tnh ton ra nng dung dch.
Dng in cc ch th l thu tinh hay Pt. in cc so snh l
calomen hay Ag/AgCl.Khi nhng cc cc vo dung dch o c pH(0-12)
th quan h gia th ca cc ch th v pH l tuyn tnh:
E=EH2o 2.303xRT/FxpH
25oC tr s 2.303xRT/F = 59.16mV
V trn nguyn tc my s hin th pH ca dung dich cn th.

III.Tin hnh:
1. o pH ca dung dch cn o:
- my ch o pH. iu chnh nhit ph hp
-Chun my vi cc dung dch m (pH=7, pH=6.85, pH=4,
pH=4.01)
-Dng giy ch th th dung dch cn o ri iu dung dch m
gn bng dung dc o. o pH dung dch m.
-Ri thay dung dch m bng dung dch cn o.
*Ch : Ra sch in cc trc khi o dung dch mi.

2.Chun acid H3PO4 bng dung dch NaOH theo phng php o
th:
* Nguyn tc: -Chn cp in cc so snh:
Phng trnh phn ng nh lng:
H3PO4 + NaOH =NaH2PO4 +H2O
NaH2PO4 + NaOH = Na2HPO4 +H2O
Na2HPO4 +NaOH = Na3PO4 + H2O
Nh vy trong qu trnh nh lng, pH ca dung dc ln tc thay i
v thay i t ngt ti cc im tng ng. Da vo m quan h
gia th tch VNaOH chun v pH ta v c th v xc nh c nng
dung dch NaOH.

IV. Kt qu:
1. o pH dung dc cn o:
pH=7.01
2.Kt qu chun :
2.1:Kt qu s b:

thi thay i pH theo V(NaOH)

12
10
8
6

Series1

4
2
0
0

10

15

pH

Kt qu o c:
V(NaOH 0
)
pH
2.9

10

3.0

3.2

3.5

5.9

6.6

7.1

7.5

8.6

10.1

10.

Nhn xt: Phn ng c 3 im tng ng nhng ch th hin r 2

im u tin khong (2.5-4.5) v (7-9). Nh vy ta s thit lp th
2 khong ny xc nh chnh xc 2 im tng ng.
2.2.Kt qu cho 2 im tng ng:

*Khong 1:
V(NaOH)
pH

2.5
3.6

V(NaOH) 3.6
pH
6.03

2.6
3.6
3

2.7
3.7
0

3.7
6.16

3.8
6.2
5

2.8
3.7
8

2.9
3.8
8

3.9
6.3
4

4.1
6.4
6

3.0
4.0
2

3.1
4.2
5

4.2
6.5
3

3.2
4.6
7

4.3
6.5
9

3.3
5.2
6

4.4
6.6
3

4.5
6.69

th thay i pH theo V(NaOH)

8
7
6
5
4

Series1

3
2
1
0
0

4
V(NaOH)

3.4 3.5
5.64 5.89

Tnh ton:
Vt l th tch ti im tng ng ca NaOH phn ng ht vi nc
th nht ca H3PO4
Vt l th tch ca NaOH 0.1M ng vi gi tr dng lin k vi gi tr
m cn v l 2 gi tr dng m lin k.

2Vt=(4.67-4.25)2 =0.176
2Vs= (5.64-5.26)2 =0.144
Vt=3.1
V=0.1, suy ra Vt=Vt+Vx2Vt(2Vt +2Vs )=0.316ml. PTPU:
H3PO4 + NaOH => NaH2PO4 + H2O
n H3PO4= n NaOH = = 3.16.10-4 (mol)
CM H3PO4 = n H3PO4 / V H3PO4 =3.16.10-4/0.001=0.0316 M
* Khong 2:
V(NaOH)

7.0

7.1

7.2

7.3

7.4

7.5

7.6

7.7

7.8

7.9

8.0

pH

7.8
9

7.9
8

8.0
8

8.2
7

8.4
7

8.6
5

8.8
5

9.0
9

9.2
1

9.3
6

9.47

V(NaOH)

8.1

8.2

8.3

8.4

8.5

8.6

8.7

8.8

8.9

9.0

pH

9.6
1

9.6
8

9.7
7

9.8
8

9.9
3

9.9
8

10.0
3

10.0
8

10.1
5

10.22

 th thay i pH theo V(NaOH)

12
10

pH

8
6

Series1

4
2
0
0

10

V(NaOH)

Nhn xt: khong ny kh xc nh hhn khong trc,

v im tng ng nm khong 8.47ml n 9.09ml.Tnh
ton nh khong 1 ta suy ra Vtd im ny.

V.Ch :
-Khi o pH ca dung dch ta cn i cho my o pH t
n gi tr n nh ri mi c.
-Khi nhng in cc vo dung dch cn trnh s va chm
ca in cc v que khuy t bi in cc rt d v.
-iu chnh my o nhit thch hp.
- Khi thay dung dch o phi dng bnh tia ra sch in
cc bng nc ct, ri lau kh bng giy mn.
-Dng qu tm xc nh pH s b, ri xc nh pH s
b bng phng php chun o pH, t tnh nng ca
dung dch cn xc nh. ln o pH s b, ta ch thm tng
1ml xc nh khong nhy pH, sau , thay i thm tng
0.1ml xc nh chnh xc bc nhy pH ri suy ra im
tng ng.

VI.Cu hi lng gi:

Cu 1: Nguyn tc ca phng php o pH bng o th:

Dng in cc ch th l thy tinh hay Pt.in cc so
snh l calomen Ag/AgCl. cho gn ta c th dung in cc
t hp l in cc kp, gm 1 in cc ch th v mt in cc
so snh(thng hay dung thy tinh+calomen; thy tinh +
Ag/AgCl; kim loi qu + calomen.) Khi nhng cc in cc
ny vo dung dch c pH trong khong 0-12 th quan h gia
th ca cc ch th v pH l tuyn tnh ch ph thuc vo nhit
. =Eo H2 + 2.303.RT/F.log(aH+)= E0 H2 -2.303.RT/F.pH V
vy khi s dng my o th c th xc nh c pH ca dung
dch cn th.
Cu 2:.Nguyn tc ca phng php chun o th:
Da trn vic o th ca in cc nhng vo trong dung
dch. Gi tr th o c ph thuc vo nng ca cc ion
tng ng trong dung dch do bng cch o in th ca
in cc ta c th xc nh c hm lng ca ion trong
dung dch.
Cu 3:.Khi cho dung dch chy qua ct trao i ion, trong ct
xy ra phn ng,
2RH + Na2SO4 = 2RNa + H2SO4
Khi thm NaOH vo bnh nn ta c phng trnh phn ng
H2SO4 + 2NaOH = Na2SO4 + H2O
t 2 phng trnh : Ta tnh c i lng cn tm.
Cu 5::in cc ch th l in cc da vo th ca n c th
suy ra c nng ca cc ion cn xc nh trong dung dch.
C 2 loi in cc ch th l in cc kim loi v in cc
mng chn lc ion
v d:
in cc kim loi: Ag+/AgNO3, Cd2+/Cd(CH3COO)2
in cc mng chn lc ion:
+ in cc thy tinh
+ in cc mng chn lc ion: in cc mng rn, in cc
mng lng
Cu 6:in cc so snh l in cc c dng so snh
xc nh th ca in cc ch th. Cc so snh l cc m th

ca n khng thay i khi thay i nng ion cn xc nh.

V d:
in cc hydro tiu chun:
in cc Calomel : ||Hg2Cl bo ha, KCl (xM)|Hg
in cc bc clorid ||AgCl bo ha, KCl (xM)|Ag
in cc ch th khng th s dng lm in cc so snh v
in cc so snh c th in cc khng thay i khi nng
cc ion xc nh thay i, trong khi in cc ch th c th thay
i khi nng cc ion xc nh thay i.