Do An Chung Cat Benzen Va Toluen1.Diendandaihoc - VN

AMH Qu trnh & Thit b
B GIO DC V O TO
NAM
TRNG I HC BCH KHOA
Thnh ph H Ch Minh
Khoa: Cng ngh Ha & Thc phm
B mn: Qu trnh v Thit b
GVHD : Phan nh Tun

CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT
c lp T do Hnh phc
N
MN HC: N MN HC QT&TB. M S: 605040
H v tn sinh vin: V Tin Dng
Lp: HC06MB
Ngnh (nu c): My & Thit B
1. u n: Thit k thp mm chp chng ct hn hp Benzen Toluen
c nng sut 200 l/h tnh theo sn phm nh
2. Nhim v (ni dung yu cu v s liu ban u):
Nng nhp liu: F = 40%phn khi lng
-
Nng sn phm nh:
Nng sn phm y:
D
W
= 98% phn khi lng

= 1% phn khi lng
Ngun nng lng v cc thng s khc t chn

Ni dung cc phn thuyt minh v tnh ton:
Xem phn mc lc
Cc bn v v th (loi v kch thc bn v):
Gm 2 bn v A1: bn v quy trnh cng ngh v bn v chi tit thit b
Ngy giao n: 6/10/2009
Ngy hon thnh n: 18/01/2010
Ngy bo v hay chm: 25/01/2010
Ngy 6 thng 10 nm 2009
CH NHIM B MN
NGI HNG DN
(K v ghi r h tn)
(K v ghi r h tn)
-
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Trang 1
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GVHD : Phan nh Tun
NHN XT N
Cn b hng dn. Nhn xt: _______________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
im: ______________
Ch k: ________________
Cn b chm hay Hi ng bo v. Nhn xt: __________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
im: ______________
Ch k: ________________
im tng kt:
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GVHD : Phan nh Tun
LI M U
Khoa hc k thut ngy cng pht trin ng gp to ln cho nn cng nghip nc
ta ni ring v th gii ni chung. Mt trong nhng ngnh c ng gp v cng to ln
l ngnh cng nghip h hc, c bit l ngnh sn xut cc h cht c bn.
Hin nay, cc ngnh cng nghip cn s dng rt nhiu h cht c tinh khit
cao. Nhu cu ny t ra cho cc nh sn xut h cht s dng nhiu phng php
nng cao tinh khit ca sn phm nh : trch ly, chng ct, c c, hp thu Tu
theo c tnh yu cu ca sn phm m ta c s la chn phng php cho ph hp. i
vi h benzen toluen l h 2 cu t tan ln vo nhau, ta chn phng php chng ct
nng cao tinh khit cho benzen.
n mn hc Qu trnh & Thit b l mt mn hc mang tnh tng hp trong qu
trnh hc tp ca cc k s Cng ngh H hc tng lai. Mn hc ny gip sinh vin c th
tnh tn c th : quy trnh cng ngh, kt cu, gi thnh ca mt thit b trong sn xut
h cht - thc phm. y l ln u tin sinh vin c vn dng cc kin thc hc
gii quyt cc vn k thut thc t mt cch tng hp.
Nhim v ca n l thit k thp mm chp chng ct hn hp Benzen
Toluen p sut thng vi nng sut theo sn phm nh(Benzene) l 200 lt/h c nng
98% phn khi lng benzen, nng sn phm y l 99% khi lng
Toluene,Nng nhp liu l 40% khi lng Benzene, nhp liu trng thi lng si.
Trang 3
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
MC LC
Li m u ........................................................................................................ 3
CHNG 1 : TNG QUAN .......................................................................... 4
I.
L thuyt v chng ct ............................................................................. 5
II.
Gii thiu s b v nguyn liu.................................................................. 7
CHNG 2 : QUY TRNH CNG NGH .................................................... 9
CHNG 3 : CN BNG VT CHT ....................................................... 10
I.
Cc thng s ban u ............................................................................ 10
II.
Xc nh sut lng sn phm nh v sn phm y thu c ........... 10
III.
Xc nh t s hon lu lm vic............................................................ 11
IV.
Xc nh phng trnh ng lm vic S mm l thuyt.................. 13
V.
Xc nh s mm thc t ........................................................................ 14
CHNG 4 : TNH TON THP CHNG CT ....................................... 16
ng knh on ct ............................................................................. 16
ng knh on chng ........................................................................ 18
Tr lc ca thp....................................................................................... 20
CHNG 5 : CN BNG NHIT LNG .................................................. 22
I.
Cn bng nhit lng cho thit b ngng t sn phm nh ................... 22
II.
Cn bng nhit lng cho thit b gia nhit nhp liu ............................ 22
III.
Cn bng nhit lng cho thit b lm ngui sn phm y ..................... 22
IV.
Cn bng nhit lng cho thit b lm ngui sn phm nh ................... 22
V.
Nhit lng cung cp cho y thp ....................................................... 23
CHNG 6: TNH TON C KH ............................................................. 24
I.
Tnh tn thn thp ..................................................................................... 24
II.
Tnh tn chp .......................................................................................... 24
III.
Tnh ton y np thit b ...................................................................... 25
IV.
Bch ghp thn........................................................................................... 26
V.
ng knh cc ng dn Bch ghp ng dn ......................................... 28
VI.
Chn - tai treo ................................................................................... 31
I.
II.
III.
CHNG 7 : TNH TON THIT B PHU ................................................ 33

I.
Thit b ngng t sn phm nh .......................................................... 33
II.
Thit b un si y thp ........................................................................ 36
III.
Thit b lm ngui sn phm nh ......................................................... 39
IV.
Thit b lm ngui sn phm y ........................................................... 43
V.
Thit b un si nhp liu ...................................................................... 47
VI.
Bn cao v............................................................................................... 50
VII.
Bm ........................................................................................................ 52
Kt lun ........................................................................................................... 54
Trang 4
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
Ti liu tham kho .......................................................................................... 54
Chng 1 :
TNG QUAN
I. L THUYT V CHNG CT :
1. Khi nim :
Trang 5
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
- Chng ct l qu trnh dng tch cc cu t ca hn hp lng cng nh hn hp

kh lng thnh cc cu t ring bit da vo bay hi khc nhau ca cc cu t trong hn
hp (ngha l khi cng nhit , p sut hi bo h ca cc cu t khc nhau).
- Thay v a vo trong hn hp mt pha mi to nn s tip xc gia hai pha
nh trong qu trnh hp thu hoc nh kh, trong qu trnh chng ct pha mi c to
nn bng s bc hi hoc ngng t.
- Chng ct v c c kh ging nhau, tuy nhin s khc nhau cn bn nht ca
2 qu trnh ny l trong qu trnh chng ct dung mi v cht tan u bay hi (ngha l cc
cu t u hin din trong c hai pha nhng vi t l khc nhau), cn trong qu trnh c
c th ch c dung mi bay hi cn cht tan khng bay hi.
- Khi chng ct ta thu c nhiu cu t v thng th bao nhiu cu t s thu
c by nhiu sn phm. Nu xt h n gin ch c 2 cu t th ta s thu c 2 sn
phm :
Sn phm nh ch yu gm cu t c bay hi ln (nhit si nh)
Sn phm nh ch yu gm cu t c bay hi nh (nhit si ln)
- i vi h Benzen Toluen
Sn phm nh ch yu gm benzen v mt t toluen.
Sn phm y ch yu l toluen v mt t benzen.
2. Phng php chng ct :
Cc phng php chng ct c phn loi theo :
- p sut lm vic :
p sut thp
p sut thng
p sut cao
Nguyn tc lm vic : da vo nhit si ca cc cu t, nu nhit si ca
cc cu t qu cao th ta gim p sut lm vic gim nhit si ca cc cu t.
- Nguyn l lm vic :
Chng mt bc
Chng li cun theo hi nc
Chng ct
- Cp nhit y thp :
Cp nhit trc tip
Cp nhit gin tip
Vy : i vi h Benzen Toluen, ta chn phng php chng ct lin tc p
sut thng.
3. Thit b chng ct :
Trong sn xut, ngi ta thng dng nhiu loi thit b khc nhau tin hnh
chng ct. Tuy nhin, yu cu c bn chung ca cc thit b vn ging nhau ngha l din
tch tip xc pha phi ln. iu ny ph thuc vo mc phn tn ca mt lu cht ny
vo lu cht kia. Nu pha kh phn tn vo pha lng ta c cc loi thp mm, nu pha lng
phn tn vo pha kh ta c thp chm, thp phun, y ta kho st 2 loi thng dng l thp
mm v thp chm.
Thp mm : thn thp hnh tr, thng ng pha trong c gn cc mm c cu to
khc nhau, trn pha lng v pha hi cho tip xc vi nhau. Tu theo cu to ca
a, ta c :
- Thp mm chp : trn mm b tr c chp dng trn, xupap, .
Trang 6
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
- Thp mm xuyn l : trn mm c nhiu l hay rnh.

Thp chm (thp m) : thp hnh tr, gm nhiu bc ni vi nhau bng mt
bch hay hn. Vt chm c cho vo thp theo mt trong hai phng php sau
: xp ngu nhin hay xp th t.
So snh u nhc im ca cc loi thp :
Thp chm
Thp mm xuyn l
Thp chp
- Cu to kh n gin.
- Tr lc tng i - Kh n nh.
- Tr lc thp.
thp.
- Hiu sut cao.
u
- Lm vic c vi cht lng - Hiu sut kh cao.
im
bn nu dng m cu c
ca cht lng.
- Do c hiu ng thnh hiu - Khng lm vic c - C tr lc ln.
vi cht lng bn.
- Tiu tn nhiu
sut truyn khi thp.
vt t, kt cu
- n nh khng cao, kh - Kt cu kh phc tp.
phc tp.
vn hnh.
Nh
- Do c hiu ng thnh khi
c im
tng nng sut th hiu ng
thnh tng kh tng nng
sut.
- Thit b kh nng n.
Vy :qua phn tch trn ta s dng thp mm chp chng ct h Benzen Toluen.
II. GII THIU V NGUYN LIU :

1. Benzen & Toluen :
Benzen: l mt hp cht mch vng, dng lng khng mu v c mi thm nh.Cng
thc phn t l C6H6. Benzen khng phn cc,v vy tan tt trong cc dung mi hu c
khng phn cc v tan rt t trong nc. Trc y ngi ta thng s dng benzen
lm dung mi. Tuy nhin sau ngi ta pht hin ra rng nng benzen trong khng
kh ch cn thp khong 1ppm cng c kh nng gy ra bnh bch cu, nn ngy nay
benzen c s dng hn ch hn
Cc tnh cht vt l ca benzen:
o Khi lng phn t: 78,11
o T trng(200C): 0,879
o Nhit si: 80 oC
o Nhit nng chy: 5,50C
Toluen: l mt hp cht mch vng, dng lng v c tnh thm ,cng thc phn t
tng t nh benzen c gn thm nhm CH3. Khng phn cc,do toluen tan tt trong
benzen.Toluen c tnh cht dung mi tng t benzen nhng c tnh thp hn nhiu,
nn ngy nay thng c s dng thay benzen lm dung mi trong phng th nghim v
trong cng nghip.
Cc tnh cht vt l ca toluen:
o Khi lng phn t : 92,13
o T trng (20oC) : 0,866
o Nhit si : 111oC
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GVHD : Phan nh Tun
o Nhit nng chy : -95 oC

Cc phng thc iu ch :
o i t ngun thin nhin
Thng thng cc hidrocacbon t c iu ch trong phng th nghim, v c
th thu c lng ln n bng phng php chng ct than , du m.
o ng vng v dehiro ha ankane
o Cc ankane c th tham gia ng vng v dehidro ha to thnh hidro cacbon thm
nhit cao v c mt xc tc nh Cr2O3, hay cc lim loi chuyn tip nh Pd,
Pt
/ Al O
CH3(CH2)4CH3 Cr
O
C6H6
o Dehidro ha cc cycloankane
Cc cycloankane c th b dehidro ha nhit cao vi s c mt ca cc xc tc
kim loi chuyn tip to thnh benzen hay cc dn xut cu benzen
Pd
C6H12 Pt/
C6 H 6
o i t acetylen
un acetane trong s c mt cu ca xc tc l than hot tnh hay phc ca niken
nh Ni(CO)[(C6H5)P] s thu c benzen
xt
3C2H2
C6 H 6
o T benzen ta c th iu ch c cc dn xut ca benzen nh toluen bng phn
ng Friedel-Crafts (phn ng ankyl ha benzen bng cc dn xut ankyl halide
vi s c mt cu xc tc AlCl3 khan
C6H6 + CH3- Cl AlCl
C6H5-CH3
2. Hn hp benzen toluen :
Ta c bng thnh phn lng (x) hi (y) v nhit si ca hn hp Benzen
Toluen 760 mmHg.(Tham kho STT1)
x (% phn
0
5
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
mol)
y (% phn
0
11,8 21,4 38
51,1 61,9 71,2 79
85,4 91
95,9 100
mol)
t (oC)
110,6 108,3 106,1 102,2 98,6 95,2 92,1 89,4 86,8 84,4 82,3 80,2
2 3
2 3
Trang 8
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
Chng 2 :
QUY TRNH CNG NGH
Hn hp Benzen Toluen c nng Benzen l 40% (phn khi lng), nhit
nguyn liu lc u l 300C ti bnh cha nguyn liu (1), c bm (2) bm ln bn cao
v (3). Dng nhp liu c gia nhit ti nhit si trong thit b truyn nhit ng
chm. Sau hn hp c a vo thp chng ct (6) a nhp liu v bt u qu
trnh chng ct. Lu lng dng nhp liu c kim sot qua lu lng k (14).
Trn a nhp liu, cht lng c trn vi phn lng t on luyn ca thp chy
xung. Trong thp, hi i di ln gp lng i t trn xung. y c s tip xc v
trao i gia hai pha vi nhau. Pha lng chuyn ng trong phn chng cng xung
pha di cng gim nng cc cu t d bay hi v b pha hi to nn t ni un (10)
li cun cu t d bay hi. Nhit cng ln trn cng thp, nn khi hi i qua cc a t
di ln th cu t c nhit si cao l toluen s ngng t li, cui cng trn nh thp ta
thu c hn hp c cu t benzen chim nhiu nht (nng 98% phn khi lng).
Hi ny i vo thit b ngng t (7) c ngng t hn tn. Mt phn cht lng ngng
t i qua thit b lm ngui sn phm nh (8), c lm ngui bng thit b trao i
nhit ng lng ng(8) ri c a qua bn cha sn phm nh (9). Phn cn li ca
cht lng ngng t c hon lu v thp a trn cng vi t s hon lu thch hp
v c kim st bng lu lng k(5). Cui cng y thp ta thu c hn hp lng
hu ht l cu t kh bay hi (Toluen). Hn hp lng y c nng Toluene l 99%
phn khi lng, cn li l Benzene. Dung dch lng y i ra khi thp vo ni un
(10). Trong ni un dung dch lng mt phn s bc hi cung cp li cho thp tip
tc lm vic, phn cn li ra khi ni un c cho qua thit b lm ngui sn phm y
(13) ri i vo thit b lm ngui sn phm y(13) sau vo bn cha sn phm
y(12).
H thng lm vic lin tc cho ra sn phm nh l Benzen, sn phm y l Toluen
Trang 9
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
Chng 3 :
CN BNG VT CHT
I.
CC THNG S BAN U :
Chn loi thp l thp mm chp.
Khi chng luyn hn hp Benzen - Toluen th cu t d bay hi l Benzen.
Benzen: C 6 H 6 M B 78 g / mol
Toluen: C6 H 5CH 3 M T 92 g / mol
Hn hp:
Nng sut sn phm nh : D = 200l/h

Nng nhp liu : xF = 40% phn khi lng
Nng sn phm nh : xD = 98% phn khi lng
Nng sn phm y: xW = 99% phn khi lng
Nhit nhp liu: nhp liu trng thi lng si
Chn:
Nhit nhp liu: tFV = 94oC
Nhit sn phm y sau khi lm ngui: tWR = 35oC
Nhit dng nc lnh i vo: tV = 30oC
Nhit dng nc lnh i ra: tR = 40oC
Cc k hiu:
F , F: sut lng nhp liu tnh theo kg/h, kmol/h.
D , D: sut lng sn phm nh tnh theo kg/h, kmol/h.
W , W: sut lng sn phm y tnh theo kg/h, kmol/h.
xi, xi : nng phn mol, phn khi lng ca cu t i.
II. XC NH SUT LNG DNG NHP LIU V DNG SN PHM Y:

MF =xF.MB + (1-xF).MT = 0,4.78 + (1-0.4).92 = 86.4 kg/kmol
MD =xD.MB + (1- xD).MT = 0,98.78 + (1-0,98).92 = 78.28 kg/kmol
MW =xW.MB + (1- xW).MT = 0,01. 78 + (1-0,01).92 =91,86 kg/kmol
xF
0,4
MB
78
xF
0,44
0,4 1 0,4
xF 1 x F
78
92
MB
MT
xW
xW
0,01
MB
78
0,012
0,01 1 0,01
xW 1 xW
78
92
MB
MT
Dng sn phm nh c nhit 800C nn ta c khi lng ring ca dng ny:

rB = 815 kg/m3, rT = 805 kg/m3
x
1 xD
1
D
D 809kg / m3
D B
T
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GVHD : Phan nh Tun
D VD . D 0,2.809 161,8kg / h
D
2,07kmol / h
D
MD
F D W
Phng trnh cn bng vt cht:
F .xF D.xD W .xW
W 240,6kg / h
W 2,8kmol / h
F 402.4kg / h
F 4,87kmol / h
F = 402,4 kg/h
D = 161,8 kg/h
W = 240,6 kg/h
F = 4,87 kmol/h
D = 2,07 kmol/h
W = 2,8 kmol/h
x F 0.4
x D 0,98
xW 0,01
x F 0.44
x D 0,983
xW 0,012
III. XC NH CH S HI LU THCH HP :
* Ch s hi lu ti thiu :
T s hon lu ti thiu l ch lm vic m ti ng vi s mm l thuyt l
v cc. Do , chi ph c nh l v cc nhng chi ph iu hnh (nhin liu, nc v
bm) l ti thiu.
Trang 11
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
Hnh 1: th cn bng pha ca h Benzen Toluen ti P = 1atm

Da vo hnh 1 ta c xF = 0,44 yF* = 0,643
T s hon lu ti thiu : Rmin
x D y *F 0,983 0,64.3
= 1,68
y *F x F
0,643 0,44
T s hon lu lm vic tnh theo cng thc kinh nghim: R = 1,5Rmin = 1,5.1,68 =
2,52
Theo Phng php th tch thp nh nht ta c: V = S.H
Vi S din tch tit din ngang ca thp; H chiu cao thp. Mt khc din tch tit
din thp t l vi lng hi, lng hi ny li t l vi lng hon lu hay S t l vi
R. Chiu cao thp t l vi s a l thuyt Nlt. Vy th tch thp t l vi gi tr Nlt.(R+1).
Ln lt cho cc gi tr R v tm th tch thp, ng vi gi tr no nh nht ca th tch thp
th R l t s hon lu ti u.
R
Nlt
(R+1).Nlt
5
12
72
4.5
13
71.5
4
14
70
3.5
16
72
3
15
60
2.5
15
52.5
2
18
54
Biu din trn th:
Trang 12
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
(R+1).Nlt
Theo th trn ta chn gi tr t s hi lu thch hp R = 2,48

IV . PHNG TRNH NG LM VIC - S MM L THUYT:
1 . Phng trnh ng lm vic ca on ct:
y=
2,48
0,983
R
x
x
x D =
R 1
R 1
2,48 1
2,48 1
= 0,771.x + 0,284
2 . Phng trnh ng lm vic phn chng:
-Phng trnh ng lm vic ca phn chng
R f
f 1
x xW =1,37x -0.0044
R 1
R 1
x x
0,983 0,012
vi f= D W =
=2,27
0,44 0,012
x F xW
y=
Trang 13
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
Hnh 2: th xc nh s mm l thuyt chng h Benzen Toluen ti P = 1atm

3 . S a l thuyt :
th xc nh s a l thuyt :
Dng ng lm vic ca thp bao gm ng lm vic phn ct v phn
chng. Trn th y-x ta ln lt v cc ng bc thang t xc nh c s
a l thuyt l14.56 a, ta ly trn 15
T th, ta c : 15 a bao gm :
6 mm ct
1 mm nhp liu
6 mm chng (5 mm chng + 1 ni
un)
Tm li, s a l thuyt l Nlt = 15 mm.
V . XC NH S MM THC T:
c nhiu phng php xc nh s mm thc ca thp, ngoi tr cc nh hng ca
thit k c kh thp th ta c th xc nh s mm thc da vo hiu sut trung bnh:
Nt = Nlt/htb
Trong : Nt s a thc t, Nlt - s a l thuyt, htb hiu sut trung bnh ca
thit b
n n n .... nn
htb = 1 2 3
n
Trong ni - hiu sut ca cc bc thay i nng , n - s v tr tnh hiu sut
Trang 14
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
Trong trng hp ny ta tnh

n D n F nW
3
Vi nD nF nW - ln lt l hiu sut a trn cng, hiu sut a nhp liu v hiu
htb =
sut a di cng
- Xc nh nD
ta c: T(nhit nh thp) = 800C, xD = 0,983 suy ra yD = 0,994 s dng bng
I.101 trang 91 STT1 tra v ni suy cc gi tr nht m B = 0,316.10-3 N.s/m 2, mT =
0,319.10-3 N.s/m 2.
nht ca hn hp lg m hh = xD.lgmB (1- xD).lg mT (theo cng thc I.12
trang 84 5 ) m hh = 0,316. 10-3 N.s/m 2 (= 0.316cP)
y 1 x
0.994 1 0.983
.
=
.
= 2,87
1 y x
1 0.994 0.983
a. m hh = 2,87.0,316 = 0,905, theo hnh IX.11 trang 171 th nD = 0,53
- Xc nh nF , tng t nh trn ta c:
V bay hi tng i a =
TF(nhit a nhp liu) = 940C, xf = 0,44 suy ra yD = 0,643 s dng bng I.101
trang 91 5 tra v ni suy cc gi tr nht mB = 0,277.10-3 N.s/m2, mT = 0,291.10-3
N.s/m2.
trang 84 STT1) mhh = 0,293. 10-3 N.s/m2 (= 0,293 cP)
y 1 x
0.643 1 0.44
.
=
.
= 2,29
1 y x
1 0.643 0.44
a. m hh = 2,29.0,293 = 0,672, theo hnh IX.11 trang 171 th nD = 0,58
- Xc nh n w , tng t nh trn ta c:
V bay hi tng i a =
Tw(nhit a di cng) = 1100C, xw = 0,012 suy ra yD = 0,065 s dng bng

I.101 trang 91 5 tra v ni suy cc gi tr nht m B = 0,239.10 -3 N.s/m2, mT =
0,250.10-3 N.s/m 2.
trang 84 5 ) m hh = 0,249. 10-3 N.s/m 2 (= 0,249 cP)
y 1 x
0.0365 1 0.012
.
=
.
= 3,12
1 y x
1 0.0365 0.012
a. m hh = 3,12.0,249 = 0,777, theo hnh IX.11 trang 171 th nD = 0.62
n n n
0,53 0,58 0,62
htb = D F W =
= 0.58
3
3
V bay hi tng i a =
Suy ra s mm thc :
Nt = Nlt/htb = 15/0,58 = 25,8 ly trn 26 mm
Trang 15
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
Chng 4 :
TNH TON THP CHNG CT
* ng knh thp chng ct (Dt) :
Dt
4Vtb
g tb
0,0188
.3600. tb
( y . y ) tb
(m)
Vtb :lng hi trung bnh i trong thp m3/h.

tb :tc hi trung bnh i trong thp m/s.
gtb : lng hi trung bnh i trong thp Kg/h.
Lng hi trung bnh i trong on chng v on ct khc nhau.Do ,
ng knh on chng v on ct cng khc nhau.
I. ng knh on ct :
1 . Lng hi trung bnh i trong thp on ct:
g tb
g d g1
kg/h
2
gd : lng hi ra khi a trn cng ca thp kg/h

g1 : lng hi i vo a di cng ca on ct kg/h
Xc nh g d:
gd = D.(R+1) =2,07.(2,48+1) = 7,204 kmol/h
= 563,93 kg/h
(V MhD =78.yD+(1-yD).92 = 78,28 kg/kmol)
Xc nh g1 : T h phng trnh :
g 1 G1 D
g 1 . y1 G1 .x1 D.x D
g .r g .r
d d
1 1
(IV.1)
Vi:
G1 : lng lng a th nht ca on ct .
r1 : n nhit ho hi ca hn hp hi i vo a th nht ca on ct
rd : n nhit ho hi ca hn hp hi i ra nh thp .
* Tnh r1 : t1 = tFs = 94 oC , tra bng I.212, trang 254, [5] ta c :
n nhit ho hi ca Benzen : rB1 = 383,1 kJ/kg.
n nhit ho hi ca Toluen : rT1 = 371,3 kJ/kg.
Suy ra : r1 = rB1.y1 + (1-y1).rT1 = 373,1y1 - 11,8y1
r1 = 373,1y1 - 11,8y1 kJ/kg
* Tnh rd : tD = 80 oC , tra bng I.212, trang 254, [5] ta c :
n nhit ho hi ca Benzen : rBd = 393,3 kJ/kg.
n nhit ho hi ca Toluen : rTd = 378,3 kJ/kg .
Suy ra : rD = rBd.yD + (1-yD).rTd = 393,3.0,99 + 378,3.0,01
rD = 393,15 kJ/kg
(vi xD = 0,983 suy ra yD theo phn khi lng l 0,99)
* x1 = xF = 0,4(ta coi n)
Trang 16
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
Gii h (IV.1) , ta c : G1 = 593,3 kg/h

y1 = 0,524 (phn khi lng benzen)
g1 = 755,1 kg/h
Vy : gtb =
563,93 755,1
659,5 kg/h
2
2 . Tc hi trung bnh i trong thp on ct:

Vn tc hi i trong thp on ct:
y .wy tb 0,065. h. xtb ytb
Vi : rxtb : khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha lng kg/m3 .
rytb : khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha hi kg/m3 .
h: khong cch mm (chn h = 0,3 ng vi D = 0,6-1,2m)
: h s tnh n sc cng b mt
Xc nh rytb :
ytb
ytb .78 1 ytb .92.273

22,4.ttb 273
y1 y D 0,468 0,99
=
= 0,725
2
2
t t
98,5 80,5
+ Nhit trung bnh on ct : ttb = 1 D =
= 89,5 oC
2
2
Vi: + Nng phn mol trung bnh : ytb =
Suy ra : rytb =2,752 kg/m3.

Xc nh rxtb :
Nng phn mol trung bnh : xtb =
Suy ra : xtb
x F xD
0,44 0,983
=
= 0,692
2
2
78.xtb
= 65,5 %.
78.xtb (1 xtb ).92
ttb = 89,5oC , tra bng I.2, trang 9, [5], ta c :

benzen 804kg / m 3
toluen 798kg / m3
1
x
1 xtb
tb
xtb benzen toluen
rxtb = 802 kg/m 3

Xc nh : h s tnh n sc cng b mt
Ta c:
1
1
1
1
1
hh 10,7.10 3 N / m 10,7 dyn / cm

3
3
hh B T 21,3.10
21,5.10
-3
Vi: B =21,3.10 N/m, T = 21,5.10-3 N/m (s liu tra t bng I.242 trang 300
STT1)
Ta thy hh < 20 theo STT2 tr184 chn = 0,8
.wy tb 0,065. h. xtb ytb 0,065.0,8. 0,3.802.2,752 1,33kg / m 2 .s

D t 0,0188
g tb
659,5
0,0188.
0,419m
( y . y ) tb
1,33
Trang 17
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
Tc hi trung bnh i trong on ct: w' y

II.
.w y tb
1,33
0,483m / s
2,752
ng knh on chng :
1 . Lng hi trung bnh i trong thp on chng :
g , tb
g , n g ,1
2
; kg/h
gn : lng hi ra khi on chng ; kg/h.

g1 : lng hi i vo on chng ; kg/h.
Xc nh gn : gn = g1 = 755,1 kg/h
Xc nh g1 : T h phng trnh :
G '1 g '1 W
'
'
G 1 .x'1 g 1 . yW W .xW
g ' .r ' g ' .r ' g .r
n
n
1 1
1 1
(IV.2)
Vi : G1 : lng lng a th nht ca on chng .

r1 : n nhit ho hi ca hn hp hi i vo a th nht ca on
chng.
* Tnh r1 : xW =0,012(phn mol) tra th cn bng ca h ta c : y*W
=0,016(phn mol), tng ng vi nng khi lng l y*W = 0,014(phn khi
lng)
t1 = tW = 110oC, tra bng I.212, trang 254, [5], ta c :
r1 = rB1.yW + (1-yW).rT1 =362,3 kJ/kg
* Tnh r1 : t1 = tFs = 94 oC , tra bng I.212, trang 254, [5] ta c :
r1 = rB1.y1 + (1-y1).rT1 = 378,9 kJ/kg
* W = 240,6 kg/h
Gii h (IV.2) , ta c : x1 = 0,0135 (phn mol)
G1 = 1030,3 kg/h
g1 = 789,7kg/h
Vy : gtb =
789,7 755,1
772,4 kg/h
2
2 . Tc hi trung bnh i trong thp on chng:

Vn tc hi i trong thp on chng:
y .wy tb 0,065. h. xtb ytb
Vi : rxtb : khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha lng kg/m3 .
rytb : khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha hi kg/m3 .
h: khong cch mm (chn h = 0,3 ng vi D = 0,6-1,2m)
: h s tnh n sc cng b mt
Xc nh rytb :
ytb
ytb .78 1 ytb .92.273

22,4.t tb 273
Trang 18
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
y1 y D 0,468 0,014
=
= 0,241
2
2
t t
98,5 110
+ Nhit trung bnh on chng : ttb = 1 W =
= 104,2oC
2
2
Vi: + Nng phn mol trung bnh : ytb =
Suy ra : rytb =2,96 kg/m3.

Xc nh rxtb :
Nng phn mol trung bnh : xtb =
x F xW
0,44 0,012
=
= 0,226
2
2
78.xtb
= 18,8 %.
78.xtb (1 xtb ).92
t t
93 110
o
ttb = F W =
101,5 C , tra bng I.2, trang 9, 5 , ta c :
2
2
benzen 793kg / m 3
Suy ra : xtb
toluen 788kg / m 3
1
x
1 xtb
tb
xtb benzen toluen
Suy ra: rxtb = 789 kg/m3

Xc nh : h s tnh n sc cng b mt
Ta c:
1
1
1
1
1
hh 10,3.10 3 N / m 10,3dyn / cm
3
3
hh B T 18,8.10
21,5.10
-3
Vi: B =18,8.10 N/m, T = 21,5.10-3 N/m (s liu tra t bng I.242 trang
300 5 )
Ta thy hh < 20 theo STT2 tr184 chn = 0,8
.wy tb 0,065. h. xtb ytb 0,065.0,8. 0,3.789,7.2,96 1,38
D t 0,0188
g tb
772,4
0,0188.
0,444m
( y . y ) tb
1,38
Tc hi trung bnh i trong on chng: w' y
.w y tb
ytb
1,38
0,466m / s
2,96
Kt lun : hai ng knh on ct v on chng khng chnh lch nhau qu

ln nn ta chn ng knh ca ton thp l : Dt = 0,50 m.
Khi tc hi ch lm vic thc:
+ Phn ct : lv =
0,01882.g tb
2
Dt . y tb
+ Phn chng : lv =
0,01882.g tb
2
Dt . y tb
0,01882.659,5
0,339 m/s
0,50 2.2,752
0,01882.772,4
0,369 m/s.
0,50 2.2,96
* chiu cao thp chng ct (Dt) :

H = Nt(H + d) + (0,8 1), m (cng thc IX.54- STT2 -Tr.169)
Trang 19
III.
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
Trong Nt - s a thc t; d b dy ca a, m; 0,8 1 khong cch cho php

nh v y thit b, m; H khong cch gia cc a, m
H = 26.(0,25 +0,004 ) +0,8 = 7,4 m ly trn l H = 7,5 m
Trong b dy a d = 0,004 m tnh phn b dy a
Vy kt lun chiu cao thp H = 7,5 m
Tr lc ca thp chp :
Tr lc ca thp chp bao gm: tn tht p sut khi dng kh i qua a kh, tn
tht do sc cng b mt, tn tht tht do lp cht lng trn a v b qua s
bin i chiu cao lp cht lng trn a
Tr lc ca thp chp c xc nh the cng thc:
P N tt .Pd , N / m 2
Trong Ntt s a thc t ca thp; Pd - tng tr lc ca mt a, N/m2
Pd = Pk + Ps + Pt
Pk - tr lc a kh, N/m
2
Ps - tr lc a do sc cng b mt, N/m
2
Pt - Tr lc ca lp cht lng trn a, N/m
Tr lc ca a kh Pk :
Pk =
y .w 2 0
2
Trong : - h s tr lc, thng chn = 4,5 5( y ta chn = 5);

y - khi lng ring ca pha hi, kg/m3; w0 tc kh qua rnh chp, m/s
Vi khi lng ring pha hi i trong ton thp:
y
2,752 2,96
2,856kg / m 3
2
Vn tc kh trung bnh i qua mt rnh ca chp(phn tnh tn chp ta chn mt

a 10 chp, mt chp 10 rnh), vy:
0,369 0.339 1 1
35,4m / s
2
10 10
y .w 2 0
2,586.35,4 2
Suy ra: Pk =
5.
8045,3N / m 2
2
2
Tr lc do sc cng b mt Ps , N/m2
4.
Ps =
, N/m2
d t
w0
Trong - sc cng b mt, N/m; dt ng knh tng ng ca khe

rnh chp,m
Khi rnh chp m hn tn: dt =
4. f x
y f x - din tch tit din t do ca rnh. f x = a.b = 5.10 = 50mm2 vi a,b l

b rng v chiu cao ca rnh chp, mm. - chu vi rnh chp, = 2.(a+b) =
30mm
Suy ra: dt =
4. f x 4.50
6,67 mm 6,67.10 3 m
30
Trang 20

Vy Ps =
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
4. 4.10,5.10 3
6,296 N / m 2 , vi l sc cng b mt trung bnh

3
d t
6,67.10
ca phn chng v phn ct, nh ta tnh phn vn tc hi i trong thp th

ct = 10,7.10-3 N/m, chng = 10,3.10-3 N/m,
chung
suy ra = ct
10,5.10 3 N/m
2
Tr lc ca cht lng trn a Pt , N/m2 (tr lc thy tnh)
2
Pt = b .g hb , N/m
2
Trong b chiu cao khe chp, m; b - khi lng ring bt, kg/m3; hb
chiu cao ca lp bt trn a, m; g gia tc trng trng, m/s2

+ Khi lng ring bt b = 0,5 x = 0,5.795,5 = 379,75 kg/m3, vi x - khi
lng ring trung bnh pha lng phn chng v phn ct,
chung 789 802
x = ct
795,5kg / m 3
2
+ h b chiu cao lp bt ly bng hai ln chiu cao lp cht lng trn a, theo
phn tnh ton cho a th chiu cao lp cht lng trn a l 25mm, vy hb =
50mm
+b chiu cao khe chp, tnh tn phn chp ta c b = 10mm
Suy ra:
b
0,01
2
Pt = b .g hb 379,75.9,81 0,05
167,6 N / m
2
2
Tng tr lc ca 1 a:
2
Pd = Pk + Ps + Pt = 8045,3 + 6,296 + 167,6 = 8219,2N/m
Tr lc ca tn thp:
P N tt .Pd 25.8219,2 16438,39 N / m 2
Kt lun: Tr lc ca tn thp P = 16438,39 N/m2
Trang 21
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
CHNG 5:
CN BNG NHIT LNG
I.
CN BNG NHIT LNG CHO THIT B NGNG T :

Qnt =(R+1)D.rD kW
Qnt : nhit ngng t, kW
Vi rD = x D .rB +(1- x D ).rT
Ti xD = 0,98 tra bng IX-2a trang 135 STT2 ta c TD = 80 . Ti nhit ny ta
c:
rB= 392,4.103 J/kg v rT=377,8.10 3 J/kg
rD = 0,98 x 392,4.103 + 0,02 x 377,8.103 = 392,108.103 J/kg
Do Qnt =
II.
2,07.78,28
. 392,108 (2.48+1) = 61,42 kW
3600
CN BNG NHIT LNG CHO THIT B GIA NHIT DNG NHP LIU
N NHIT SI :
QF =CF .F(TF - TVo), kW
Ti xF = 0,44 ni suy t bng IX-2a trang 146 STT2 ta c TF = 94oC
Nhit dung ring ca nhp liu tra nhit trung bnh
t=
94 25
=59,5oC
2
ti nhit ny ta c CB =1930 J/kg , CT=1900 J/kg (Bng I.153 TR171-172

5 ).
Ta c CF= x F CB + (1- x F )CT = 0,4.1930+ (1-0,4).1900 = 1913,2 J/kg
Do
QF=1913,2.
4,87.86,4
(94 -25) = 15,43 kW
3600
Nu coi tn tht trn ng nhp liu bng 5% th QF = 1,05.15,43=16,2 Kw

III. CN BNG NHIT LNG CHO THIT B LM NGUI SN PHM Y
T NHIT 110OC XUNG 35OC :
QW = WCW(TW- TWra), kW
Nhit dung ring c xc nh nhit trung bnh T=
110 35
=72,5oC . Ti
2
nhit ny ta ni suy t bng I.153 TR171-172- 5 ta c : CB=1983 J/kg,

CT=1952J/kg
Nn CW = x w CB + (1- x w )CT = 0,01. 1983 + (1-0,01).1952= 1952,31 J/kg
Do QW=
IV.
2,8. 91,86
.1952,31.(110-35)=11,86, kW
3600
CN BNG NHIT LNG CHO THIT B LM NGUI SN PHM NH

T NHIT 80OC XUNG 35 OC :
QD =CD.D(TD- TDra), kW
Trang 22
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
80 35
=57,5oC .
2
Ti nhit ny ta ni suy cc gi tr nhit dung ring bng I.153 TR171-172- 5 :
Nhit dung ring cng c xc nh nhit trung bnh T=

CB=1877.5 J/kg , CT=1850 J/kg
Tng t ta tnh c CD=1877 J/kg
Do QD =
2,07.86,4
.1877 .(80-35)=5,13 kW
3600
V. NHIT LNG CUNG CP CHO Y THP :

T cn bng nhit lng ta c:
QT = Qnt + QW + QD QF + Qf=1,05.( 61,42 + 11,86 + 5,13- 16,2 ) = 65,32 kW
Qf : l lng nhit tn tht, ta ly khong 5% tng lng nhit c ch cung cp cho
y thp
Trang 23
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
CHNG 6:
TNH TON C KH
I . THN THP :
1. B dy thn :
V thit b hot ng p sut thng nn ta thit k thn hnh tr bng phng
php hn h quang in, kiu hn gip mi 2 pha. m bo cht lng ca sn
phm v kh nng n mn ca benzen i vi thit b, ta chn thit b thn thit b
l thp khng g m X18H10T. Thn thp c ghp vi nhau bng mi ghp bch.
V thp lm vic vi nhit ln hn 1000C nn cn phi bc cch nhit cho thp.
Cc thng s cn tra v chn phc v cho qu trnh tnh ton:
Nhit tnh ton : t = tmax + 20 = 110 + 20 = 1300C
p sut tnh ton :
V thp hot ng p sut thng nn ta coi p sut tnh tn bng vi p sut thy tnh
ln nht tc dng ln y thp. iu kin nguy him nht chn tnh ton l
thp cha y Toluene nhit 30 0C khi khi lng ring ca Toluene T =
856,5 kg/m3
Nn: P = (Hthn + 2Hnp).g. T = (7,5 + 2.0,15).9,81.856,5 = 61328 N/m2 0,0613
N/mm2
Vi dung tch thp nh hn 30m 3 ta chn theo bng 1.1 tr10- Tnh tn thit k chi tit
thit b ha cht du kh H L Vin th p sut tnh tn P = 0,01N/mm2, nn ta chn p
sut tnh ton theo iu kin nguy him nht nh trn tnh.
vi Hnp = h + ht = 125 +25 =150 mm(tnh phn y np).
H s b sung do n mn ha hc ca mi trng:
Chn h s b sung do n mn ha hc Ca = 1 mm
ng sut cho php tiu chun: ca X18H10T

[]* = 140 N/mm2 (Hnh 1.2, trang 16, 7H s hiu chnh: = 1
ng sut cho php: [] = []* = 140 N/mm 2 (chn = 1)
H s bn mi hn:
V dng phng php hn h quang in kiu hn gip mi hai pha
h = 0,95 (Bng XIII.8, trang 362, 6 )
Tnh b dy: Cho thn tr hn chu p sut trong

[ ]
140
h
0,95 1618 25
P
0,061
Nn ta tnh b dy thn theo cng thc 5.3 tr96 7B dy ti thiu: S =

P.Dt
0,105.500
0,197mm
2[ ] h 2.140.0,95
S + Ca = 0,197 + 1 = 1,197 mm
Trang 24
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
Quy trn theo chun: S = 2 mm, tuy nhin da vo bng 5.1 trg 94 - 7
Tnh kim tra bn: Cho thn tr hn chu p sut trong
S Ca
4 1
0,1
0,1 0,006 0,1 (tha)
500
Dt
2[ ] h ( S C a ) 2 140 0,95 (4 1)
Nn: [ P]
= 1,586 > P = 0,061 N/mm 2 : tha

Dt ( S C a )
500 (4 1)
iu kin:
Vy kt lun: b dy thn thp S = 4mm, ng knh ngi thp Dn = 500 + 2.4 =508
mm
II. Tnh Tn Chp :
Chn chp s dng trong thp l chp trn
+ ng knh ng hi: dh = 26 mm
+ S chp phn b trn a: n = 10 chp
Chn s chp n = 10, vi khong cch gia tm ca hai chp 100mm
+ Chiu cao chp tnh t mt a n nh chp 70mm
+ ng knh trong ca chp 46mm
Vi: ch - b dy chp, thng ly 2 mm - 3 mm, ta chn 2 mm
Suy ra ng knh ngi ca chp 50mm
+ Khong cch t mt a n chn chp S = 15 mm
+ Chiu cao g chy trn 45mm
+ Chiu cao khe chp
w 2 y . y
b
g . x
Vi w y
4V y
2
3600. .d h .n
4.245
3,5 , Vy lu lng hi i trong thp,
3600. .0,05 2.10
m /h; - h s tr lc ca a chp, thng ly bng 1,5 -2; y x - khi lng ring

trung bnh ca pha hi v pha lng, kg/m3
Suy ra b
2.3,5 2.2,8
0,0218 m, chn b = 25 mm
9,81.790
+ Chn b rng khe chp 5mm

+ Chn khong cch ln nht t g chy chuyn n thn thp 60mm(b dy 4mm)
+ Chn khong cch t g chy trn n thn thp 80mm(b dy 4mm)
+ B tr cc chp trn a sao cho 3 chp lin tip nhau to thnh hnh tam gic u
III. Tnh Ton y v Np Thit B
Chn y v np c dng hnh ellip tiu chun, c g, lm bng thp X18H10T

[ ]
140
h
0,95 940 25
Ta c:
P
0,105
Trang 25
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
Nn b dy y v np chu p sut trong tnh theo cng thc 6.9 (Tnh tn cc chi tit
thit b ha cht v du kh H L Vin)
S
Rt .P
Ca
2.[ k ]. h
2
Dt
bn knh cong bn trong nh
4.ht
y(np), m; h - h s bn mi hn (ly bng 0,95); [ k ] - gii hn bn ko ca vt liu
Trong S b dy y np, mm; Rt
vi X18H10T th [k] =540.106 N/m2; P p sut tnh tn N/m2; Ca h s n mn, mm

S
Rt .P
500.0,105
Ca
0,001 0,00105
2.[ k ]. h
2.540.10 6.0,95
Ta thy S Ca = 0,05 < 10mm nn ta cng thm 2 mm na cho b dy (theo hng

dn trg 386 STT2) suy ra S = 3,05 mm ly theo chun S = 4 mm
V y np tiu chun nn ta c:
ht
= 0,25 do Rt = Dt = 500 mm
Dt
V chn cc kch thc theo STT2 tr382:

+ h t =125 mm
+ Chiu cao g: hg = h = 25 mm
+Din tch b mt trong: Sy = 0,31 m2
+Th tch cha ca y(np):Vy cha = 27,6.10-3 m 3
S Ca 4 1
D 500 0,006 0,125
Tnh kim tra bn: t
2[ ] h (S C a ) 2.140.0,95(4 1)
[ P]
1,586 P 0,105
Rt ( S Ca )
500 (4 1)
Vy tha iu kin bn. Kt lun chn kch thc y np:

+ ht =125 mm
+ Chiu cao g: hg = h = 25 mm
+Din tch b mt trong: Sy = 0,31m2
+Th tch cha ca y(np):Vy cha = 27,6.10-3 m 3
+ Rt = Dt = 500 mm
IV.Bch ghp thn v np:
Mt bch l b phn quan trng dng ni cc phn ca thit b cng nh ni cc
b phn khc vi thit b. Cc loi mt bch thng s dng:
Bch lin: l b phn ni lin vi thit b (hn, c v rn). Loi bch ny ch
yu dng thit b lm vic vi p sut thp v p sut trung bnh.
Bch t do: ch yu dng ni ng dn lm vic nhit cao, ni cc b
bng kim loi mu v hp kim ca chng, c bit l khi cn lm mt bch
bng vt liu bn hn thit b.
Bch ren: ch yu dng cho thit b lm vic p sut cao.
Chn bch c ghp thn, y v np lm bng thp CT3, cu to ca bch l bch
phng hn kiu 1 theo bng XIII.27 trg417 STT2.
Trang 26
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
Vi Dt = 500 mm v p sut tnh ton P = 0,061 N/mm2 chn bch c cc thng s

sau theo bng XIII.27 trg418 STT2:
Dt
Db
D1
Do
(mm)
500
630
580
550
511
22
Bu-lng
db
Z
(ci)
20
16
Trs bng IX.5 trang 170 6 ng vi ng knh trong 500mm ta chn s a gia hai
bch l 4, vy tng s bch cn dng l N B
Nt
25
1
1 6,25
4
4
Ta chn 7 bch ghp thn

kn ca mi ghp bch ch yu do vt m quyt nh. m lm bng cc vt
liu mm hn so vi vt liu bch. Khi xit bu lng, m b bin dng v in y ln
cc ch g gh trn b mt ca bch. Vy, m bo kn cho thit b ta chn m
l dy aming, c b dy l 3 mm.
Tnh kim tra b dy ca bch theo cng thc 7.1 trg 148 Tnh tn cc chi tit thit b
ha cht v du kh -H L Vin :
h t 0,61.d b .
[ ]b
K .[ ]bi
l
D
P
1 Z 0,7.
( l )2
[ ]b d b
l2
Cnh tay n ca mment gy un:

580 550
Db D1
=
= 15 mm
2
2
D Dt s
580 500 4
l2 = b
=
= 38 mm
2
2
l1 =
S b dy thit b, mm
P p sut ca mi trng trong thit b N/mm2
db ng knh ngoi ca bulong, mm
[ ]b - ng sut cho php ca vt liu lm bulong
[ ]bi - ng sut cho php ca vt liu lm bch
K, h s. Vi
Trang 27
K 1
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
Dt
2.l 2
l
S
(1 2 2 ) ( ) 2 1
Db
t
Dt
: h s
(1
l1 Db 2.l 2 2
l
15 580 2.38 2
15
).(
) 1 0,2 1 (1 ).(
) 1 0,2
1,19
l2
Dl
l2
38
550
38
Ta thy rng trong cng thc tnh t c K, nn ta chn trc gi tr t tnh K, gi tr t

c chn theo STT2.
Chn t = 20mm suy ra K = 0,887, thay vo tnh t = 18,22 ta thy gi tr t chn v t tnh
tn sai lch khng ng k (nh hn 5%) nn chn b dy bch h = t = 20 mm
Tm li kch thc bch l:
Dt
Db
D1
Do
(mm)
500
630
580
550
511
22
Bu-lng
db
Z
(ci)
20
16
V. ng knh cc ng dn Bch ghp cc ng dn :
ng dn thng c ni vi thit b bng mi ghp tho c hoc khng tho

c. Trong thit b ny, ta s dng mi ghp tho c.
i vi mi ghp tho c, ngi ta lm on ng ni, l on ng ngn c
mt bch hay ren ni vi ng dn:
Loi c mt bch thng dng vi ng c ng knh d > 10mm.
Loi ren ch yu dng vi ng c ng knh d 10mm, i khi c th dng
vi d 32mm.
ng dn c lm bng thp X18H10T.
Bch c lm bng thp CT3 , cu to ca bch l bch lin khng c.
1.
ng dn sn phm y:
Nhit ca cht sn phm y tw = 110 oC
Ti nhit ny th:
Khi lng ring ca benzen : B = 780,25 kg/m 3
Khi lng ring ca toluen : T = 778,39 kg/m 3
Trang 28

Nn:
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
x
1 xF
1
0,01 1 0,99
F
F B
T
780,25 778.39
F = 778,4 kg/m3
Chn loi ng ni cm su vo thit b.

Chn vn tc cht lng trong ng ni l vF = 0,32 m/s. (theo bng 2.2 trg370
STT1)
ng knh trong ca ng ni:
4.GF
4.240,6
= 0,0189 m = 18,9 mm
3600. F . .v F
3600.778,4. .0,32
Dy =
Chn ng c Dy = 25 mm.
Tra bng XIII.32, trang 434, 6 Chiu di on ng ni l = 90 mm.
Tra bng XIII.26, trang 410, 6
Cc thng s ca bch ng vi P = 0,25 N/mm2 l:
Dy
Dn
Db
D1
25
32
100
mm
75
60
12
Bu lng
db
10
ci
4
2. ng dn nguyn liu:
Nhit ca cht lng nhp liu l tF = 94 oC
Ti nhit ny th:
Khi lng ring ca benzen : B = 802,3 kg/m3
Khi lng ring ca toluen : T = 780 kg/m3
Nn:
1
x
1 xF 0,2665 1 0,2665
F
F B
T
818,34
810,9
F = 789,5 kg/m3
Chn loi ng ni cm su vo thit b.

Chn vn tc cht lng trong ng ni l vF = 0,32 m/s. (theo bng 2.2 trg370
STT1)
4.GF
4.402,4
= 0,023 m = 23 mm
3600. F . .v F
3600.789,5. .0,32
Dy =
Chn ng c Dy = 25 mm. (theo bng XIII.32 STT2)

Tra bng XIII.32, trang 434, [6] Chiu di on ng ni l = 90 mm.
Tra bng XIII.26, trang 410, [6]
Dy
25
Dn
32
Db
D1
100
mm
75
60
12
Bu lng
db
10
Z
ci
4
Trang 29
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
3. ng dn hi ra khi thp :
Nhit ca pha hi ti nh thp l tD = 80,5 oC.
Khi lng ring ca pha hi ti nh thp:
HD
PM HD
1 78,28
= 2,7 kg/m3
22
,
4
RTHD
(80,5 273)
273
Chn vn tc hi ra khi nh thp l vHD = 20 m/s.(theo bng 2.2 trg370 STT1)

Lng hi vo thit b ngng t : GD = D.(R + 1) = 161,8.(2,48 + 1) = 563,06 kg/h
Dy =
4.G D
4 563,06
= 0,031 m = 31 mm
3600 HD .vHD
3600 2,7 20
Chn ng c Dy = 40 mm.(theo bng XIII.32 STT2)

Dy
Dn
D1
Bu lng
db
mm
40
45
130
100
80
12
12
4. ng dn hi vo y thp:
Nhit ti y thp l 1100C khi lng ring ca pha hi ti y thp
HW
Z
ci
4
PM HW
1 91,86
2,92kg / m 3
22,4
RTHW
(110 273)
273
Chn vn tc hi vo y thp l vHD = 20 m/s.(theo bng 2.2 trg370 STT1)

ng knh trong ca ng ni
Vi lu lng hi i vo y thp g1 = 789,7kg/h = 0,22kg/s = 0,075m3/s
Suy ra Dy =
4.0,075
0,069 m = 69 mm
. .
Chn ng c Dy = 70 mm.(theo bng XIII.32 STT2)

Bu lng
Dy
Dn
D
D1
h
D
db
Z
mm
ci
70
76
160
130
110
12
14
8
5. ng dn lng hon lu :
Nhit dng hn lu tR = 80,5 oC.
Chn vn tc ca dng ny vo thp l v = 0,3 m/s. (theo bng 2.2 trg370 5 )
Trang 30

Nn:
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
1
x
1 xD 0,9765 1 0,9765
D
D B
T
813,46
806,56
D = 813,3 kg/m3

Dy =
4.GD .R
4.416,88
= 0,023 m = 23 mm
3600. D . .v
3600.812,9. .0,3
Chn ng c Dy = 25 mm. (theo bng XIII.32 6)

Tra bng XIII.32, trang 434, [6] Chiu di on ng ni l = 90 (mm).
Tra bng XIII.26, trang 409, [6]
VI.
Dy
Dn
Db
D1
25
32
100
mm
75
60
12
Bulng
db
10
Z
ci
4
Tnh ton chn , tai treo :

1. Tnh trng lng ca ton thp:
Tra bng XII.7, trang 313, [6]
Khi lng ring ca thp CT3 l: CT3 = 7850 kg/m 3
Khi lng ca tm bch ghp thn v np :
m bch = 8. D 2 Dt 2 .h. CT 3 8. 0,630 2 0,500 2 0,022 7850 = 159,3 kg

4
Khi lng ca thn thit b :

mthn =
.(D2ng D2t).Hthn . X18H10T = . 0,508 2 0,500 2 .7,5.7900 = 375 kg

4
4
Khi lng ca y (np) thp:

my(np) =2. Sb mt .y . X18H10T = 2.0,31 . 0,004 . 7900 = 19,9 kg
Khi lng mm, ta c 25 mm v thit b un si
Mmm = khi lng chp + khi lng a di chp + khi lng ng chy
chuyn(bao gm c phn g chy trn) + khi lng ng hi
Ta ly khi tng th ca mt mm bng 2 ln khi lng mm khng c l v ng
chy chuyn cng vi b dy mm l 4mm, suy ra:
Mmm = 2.
. D2t. 1 . X18H10T = 2. .0,52. 0,004 . 7900 = 12,4 kg

4
4
Tng khi lng mm M = 12,4.25 = 310 kg

Khi lng Toluene gi s cha y thp trong trng hp nguy him nht
Mtoluene =
. D2t. Ht . toluene = . 0,52. 7,5 . 856,5 = 1260 kg

4
4
Khi lng ca ton thp:

m = Mbch + Mthn + My(np) + Mmm + Mtoluene = 159,3 +375 +19,9 + 310 +1260
= 2124,2 kg
2. Tnh chn thp:
Chn chn : thp c trn bn chn.
Vt liu lm chn thp l thp CT3.
Trang 31
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
Truc thie
t b
Theo a
y
thie
t b
Ti trng cho php trn mt chn : Gc =
P mg 2142,2 9,81
= 0,5253.104 N
4
4
4
m bo an tn ta chn Gc = 1.104 N
Tra bng XIII.35, trang 437, 6 chn chn c cc thng s sau:
F.104
m2
85,4
q.10-6
N/m2
0,29
B1
B2
110
80
95
110
H
mm
180
12
0
40
18
Tnh khi lng gn ng mt chn :

Th tch mt chn :
V1 chn = [2.(H s).s. B2 + L. s. B].10-9
= [2.(180 6).6.110 + 110.6.80].10 -9 = 2,69.10 -3 m 3
Khi lng mt chn :
m 1 chn = V1 chn . CT3 = 2,69.10-3.7850 = 21,1kg
3. Tnh tai treo thp:
Chn tai treo: Tai treo c gn trn thn thp v ta vo gin gi thp vng trong qu
trnh lm vic
Chn vt liu lm tai treo l thp CT3
Ti trng trn mt tai treo chn bng vi ti trng trn mt chn Gc = 1.104 N
Tra bng XIII.36, trang 438, STT2 chn tai treo c cc thng s sau:
F.104 q.10 -6 L
B
B1
H
S
l
a
d
m
2
2
m
N/m
mm
57,0 0,44 90
65
75
140
6
35
15
14
1,0
Khi lng mt tai treo: mtai treo = 1,0 kg
Tra bng XIII.37, trang 439, STT2
Chn tm lt tai treo bng thp CT3 c cc thng s sau(tra theo Gc = 2,5.104
N):
Chiu di tm lt: H = 260 mm
Chiu rng tm lt: B = 140 mm
B dy tm lt: SH =6 mm
Trang 32
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
Th tch mt tm lt tai treo:

Vtm lt = B.SH.H
= 140. 6. 260. 10-9 = 0,2184.10 -3 m 3
Khi lng mt tm lt tai treo:
mtm lt = Vtm lt. CT3 = 0,2184.10-3.7850 = 1,714 kg
Chng 7 :
TNH TN THIT B PH
I . THIT B NGNG T SN PHM NH:
Chn thit b ngng t v ng loi TH, t nm ngang.
ng truyn nhit c lm bng thp CT3, kch thc ng 20 x 2:
ng knh ngoi: dn = 20 mm = 0,02 m
B dy ng: t = 2 mm = 0,002 m
ng knh trong: dtr = 0,016 m
Chn:
Nc lm lnh i trong ng vi nhit vo tV = 30oC v nhit ra tR = 40oC.
Dng hi ti nh i ngoi ng vi nhit ngng t tngng = 80,5 oC
1. Sut lng nc lm lnh cn dng :
Cn bng nhit: Qnt = (R + 1).GD.rD = Gn.(hR hV) = Gn.CpT
Qnt = (R + 1).D.rD = 61,42 kJ/s theo tnh tn phn cn bng nhit
Lng nc cn dng: Gn
Qnt 2
61,42
=
= 1,47 kg/s
hR hV 167,5 125,7
Trong hR, h v enthanpy ca nc nhit trung bnh

tf
1
t v t r 1 30 40 350 C
2
2
2. Hiu s nhit trung bnh :

Chn kiu truyn nhit ngc chiu, nn:
tlog
(80,5 30) (80,5 40)

= 45,32 K.
80,5 30
Ln
80,5 40
3. H s truyn nhit:
H s truyn nhit K c tnh theo cng thc:
Trang 33

K
GVHD : Phan nh Tun

1
, W/m2.K
1
1
rt
n
ngng
Vi:
n : h s cp nhit ca dng nc lnh W/m 2.K
ngng : h s cp nhit ca dng hi ngng t W/m2.K
rt : nhit tr qua thnh ng v lp cu.
3.1. Xc nh h s cp nhit ca nc i trong ng :
Nhit trung bnh ca dng nc trong ng: t f
1
t v t r 1 30 40 .
2
2
Ti nhit ny th:
Khi lng ring ca nc: n = 994 kg/m3
nht ca nc: n = 7,23.10-7 m2/s
H s dn nhit ca nc: n = 0,626 W/mK
Chun s Prandtl: Prn = 4,90
Chn vn tc nc i trong ng: vn = 0,6 m/s
S ng: n
Gn
4
1,47
4
= 18,26 ng
.
.
2
N .d tr .v n 994 .0,0162.0,6
Tra bng V.II, trang 48, 6 chn n = 19 ng

Vn tc thc t ca nc trong ng:
vn
4Gn
4 1,47
= 0,39 m/s.
2
n nd tr 994 19 0,0162
Chun s Reynolds :
Re n
vn. d tr 0,39 0,016

= 8630,7
n
7,23.10 7
Ta thy 2300 < Ren < 10000 cp nhit xy ra ch chy qu

p dng cng thc (10), trang 6, Hng dn TNQTTB hay cng thc V.44 6
trang 16 cng thc xc nh chun s Nusselt:
0 , 43
n
Nu n C. Pr
Pr
. n
Prv
0 , 25
Trong : 1 h s tnh n nh hng ca h s cp nhit theo t l gia chiu

di
L v ng knh d ca ng khi Re < 10000, tng ng l = 1,2
H s C ph thuc Re, ng vi Re n = 8630,7 ta c C = 30
Tnh Prv: Prv c xc nh nhit trung bnh ca thnh ng
H s cp nhit ca nc i trong ng trong: n =
Nu n . n
d tr
3.2. Nhit ti qua thnh ng v lp cu :

qt
t w1 t w 2
, (W/m 2).
rt
Trong :
tw1 : nhit ca vch tip xc vi hi ngng t, oC
tw2 : nhit ca vch tip xc vi nc lnh, oC
Trang 34
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
t
r1 r2
t
B dy thnh ng: t = 0,002 m
H s dn nhit ca thp khng g: t = 16,3 W/mK
Nhit tr lp bn trong ng: r1 = 1/5000 m 2.K/W
Nhit tr lp cu ngoi ng: r2 =1/5800 m 2.K/W
Nn: rt = 0,0005 m2.K/W
3.3. Xc nh h s cp nhit ca hi ngng t ngoi ng :
iu kin:
- Ngng t hi bo ha.
- Khng cha khng kh khng ngng.
- Hi ngng t mt ngoi ng.
- Mng cht ngng t chy tng.
- ng nm ngang.
rt
p dng cng thc (3.65), trang 120, [4] i vi ng n chic nm ngang th:
r. 2 .g.3
1 0,7254
.(t ngng - t W1 ).d n
Tra hnh V.20, trang 30, STQTTB Tp 6 h s ph thuc vo cch b tr ng
v s ng trong mi dy thng ng l tb = 0,7 (v xp xen k v s ng trong mi
dy thng ng l 9)
H s cp nhit trung bnh ca chm ng: ngng = tb1 = 0,71
Dng php lp: chn tW1 = 52 oC
Nhit trung bnh ca mng cht ngng t: tm = (tngng + tW1) = (80,5 + 52) =
66,25 oC
Ti nhit ny th:
Khi lng ring ca benzene : B = 828,92 kg/m3
Khi lng ring ca toluene : T = 820,34 kg/m3
Nn:
1 xD 1 xD 0,9765 1 0,9765
= 828,71 kg/m3
N
A
828,92
820,34
nht ca benzene : B = 3,67.10 -4 N.s/m2

nht ca toluene : T = 3,51.10 -4 N.s/m2
Nn: lg = xDlgB + (1 xD)lgT = 0,98.lg(3,67.10-4) + (1 - 0,98)lg(3,51.10-4)
= 3,67.10-4 N.s/m2
H s dn nhit ca sn phm nh : D = 0,1436 W/mK
n nhit ngng t ca sn phm nh xc nh tf: r = 390 kJ/kg
Nn:
r. 2 .g.3
390.103.828,712.0,14363
1 0,7254
0,7254
1011,66W / m 2 .K
-4
.(t ngng - t W1 ).d n
3,67.10 .(80,5 - 52).0,02
ngng = 1 .0,7 = 708,2 W/m2K
qngng = ngng (tngng tW1) = 708,2.(80,5 - 52) = 20183,7 W/m2
qt = qngng = 20183,7 (W/m2) (xem nhit ti mt mt l khng ng k)
Trang 35
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
tw2 = tw1 - qtrt = 52 20183,7.2,867.10-4 = 46,20C

Prw2 = 3,83
0, 25
0 , 25
Pr
4,9
Nu n C. Pr . n l 30.4,9 0, 43.
3,83
Prv
Nu n .n 75,83.0,626
n =
2966,8W / m 2 K
d tr
0,016
0 , 43
n
.1,2 75,83
qn = n (tW2 tf) = 2966,8.(46,2 - 35) = 33228,2 W/m2

Kim tra sai s:
=
q ngng q n
q ngng
100% =
20183,7 33228,2
20183,7
100% = 55,7% sai s
qu ln, khng tha ta lp li cc bc tnh nh trn vi cc gi tr khc

ca tw1
S
Ln
Tnh tngng tw1 tm
1 80.5 60 70.25
2 80.5 61 70.75
3 80.5 59 69.75
Hi Ngng t
t1
angng
qngng
20.5
1414.474
28996.7191
19.5
1432.27
27929.2597
21.5
1397.732
30051.234
Kt lun: vy chn ln tnh lp li th nht vi: tw1 = 600C c sai s nh nht, v

tw2 = 45,60C
3.4. Xc nh h s truyn nhit:
K
1
= 646,742 W/m2K
1
1
0,0005
2947,8
1414,474
4. B mt truyn nhit:
B mt truyn nhit c xc nh theo phng trnh truyn nhit:
F=
Qnt
61,42 1000
= 2,1 m2 d tr b mt truyn nhit ta chn

K .t log 646,742 45,32
F = 2,5 m2
5. Cu to thit b:
S ng truyn nhit: n = 19 ng. ng c b tr theo hnh lc gic u.
Trang 36
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
Chiu di ng truyn nhit: L =
F
= 0,604 m chn L = 0,7 m
d n d tr
n
2
S chng : 1 chng
S ng trn ng cho: b = 5 ng
Tra bng trang 21, [3] Bc ng: t = 1,2d = 1,2.0.02 = 0,024 m
S ng tt c : 19
p dng cng thc (V.140), trang 49, [6]:
ng knh trong ca thit b: D = t(b-1) + 4dn = 0,024.(5-1) + 4.0.02 = 0,17m
ly trn 0,2m
II . THIT B UN SI Y THP :
Chn thit b un si y thp l ni un Kettle.
ng truyn nhit c lm bng thp X18H10T, kch thc ng 38 x 3:
B dy ng: t = 3 mm = 0,003 m
Hi t l hi nc 2,5at i trong ng 38 x 3. Tra bng 1.251, trang 314, 6:
Nhit ha hi: rH O = rn = 2189500 J/kg
Nhit si: t H O = tn = 126,25 oC
Dng sn phm ti y c nhit :
Trc khi vo ni un (lng): tS1 = 110,2 oC
Sau khi c un si (hi): tS2 = 110,6 oC
1. Sut lng hi nc cn dng:
Tra bng 1.251, trang 314, [5]
Nhit ha hi ca nc 2,5 at = rH O = 2189,5 kJ/kg
2
D2
Q nt + Q W + Q D - Q F - Q f
r2
Q nt + Q W + Q D - Q F - Q f
65,32
0,0315kg / s 113,05kg / h
0,95.r2
0,95.2189,5
2. Hiu s nhit trung bnh:

tlog
(126,25 110,2) (126,25 110,6)

= 15,85 K.
126,25 110,2
ln
126,25 110,6
3. H s truyn nhit:
H s truyn nhit K c tnh theo cng thc nh i vi tng phng:
K
1
1
1
rt
n
S
,W/m2.K
Vi:
n : h s cp nhit ca hi t W/m 2.K
S : h s cp nhit ca sn phm y W/m 2.K.
Trang 37
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
3.1. Nhit ti qua thnh ng v lp cu:

qt
t w1 t w 2
, W/m2.
rt
Trong :
tw1 : nhit ca vch tip xc vi hi t trong ng, oC
tw2 : nhit ca vch tip xc vi sn phm y ngoi ng, oC
rt
t
r1 r2
t

H s dn nhit ca thp khng g: t = 16,3 W/mK (Bng XII.7, trang 313,
STQTTB 6)
Nhit tr lp bn trong ng: r1 = 1/5800 m 2.K/W (Bng 31, trang 419, [4])
Nn: rt = 5,289.10 -4 m2.K/W
3.2. Xc nh h s cp nhit ca dng sn phm y ngoi ng:
p dng cng thc (V.89), trang 26, [6]:
h .r
S = 7,77 . 10-2.
0,033
0,333
0,75 .q 0,7
0,45 .c0.117.Ts0,37
Nhit si trung bnh ca dng sn phm ngoi ng:

tS
t S1 t S 2 110,2 110,6
= 110,4 (oC) tS = 110,4 + 273 = 383,4 K
2
2
Ti nhit si trung bnh th:

Khi lng ring ca pha hi trong dng sn phm ngoi ng:
h
PM HW
1 92
= 2,91 kg/m3
22
,
4
RTS
(110,4 273)
273

Nn:
1 xW 1 xW 0,00365 1 0,00365
3
0,00128 = 781,636 kg/m

B
T
780,52
781,64
nht ca toluen : T = 2,994.10 -4 N.s/m2

nht ca benzen : B = 2,71.10-4 N.s/m 2
Nn: lg = xWlgB + (1 - xW)lgT = 0,0043.lg(2,71.10 -4) + (1 - 0,0043)lg(2,994.10)
= 2,993.10 -4 N.s/m2
H s dn nhit ca hn hp : = 0,149 W/mK
Sc cng b mt ca benzen : B = 0,01755 N/m
Sc cng b mt ca toluen : T = 0,0183 N/m

Nn: B T = 0,009 N/m
B T
Nhit dung ring ca benzen : cB = 2157,45 J/kg.K
Nhit dung ring ca toluen : cT = 2108,19 J/kg.K
Trang 38
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
Nn: c = cN x W + cA. (1 - x W ) = 2108,37 J/kgK

Nhit ha hi ca Benzen: rB = 370636,47 J/kg
Nhit ha hi ca toluen : rT = 362262,87 J/kg
Nn: r = rN x W + rA. (1 - x W ) = 362293,45 J/kg
3.3. Xc nh h s cp nhit ca hi t trong ng:
p dng cng thc (3.65), trang 120, [4]: n 0,7254
rn . 2n .g.3n
n .(t n - t W1 ).d tr
Dng php lp: chn tW1 = 124,8 (oC)

Nhit trung bnh ca mng nc ngng t: tm = 126,525 oC
Ti nhit ny th:
Khi lng ring ca nc: n = 937,935 kg/m3
nht ca nc: n = 2,25.10 -4 (N.s/m2)
Nn: n = 10849,76103 (W/m2K)
qn = n (tn tW1) = 15732,15 W/m 2
qt = qn = 15732,15349 W/m2 (xem nhit ti mt mt l khng ng k)
tw2 = tw1 - qtrt = 116,68 oC
S = 2481,544 W/m 2K (vi q = q t)
qS = S (tW2 tS) = 15579,58 W/m2
Kim tra sai s:
=
qn qS
qn
100% = 0,97% < 5% (tha)
Kt lun: tw1 = 124,8oC v tw2 = 116,68 oC

K
1
1
1
5,289.10 4
1849,76103
2481,544
= 988,73 W/m 2K
4. B mt truyn nhit:
F=
Q
65,32 1000
4,17 m2 ly d b mt truyn nhit F = 4,5 m2

K .t log 988,73 15,85
5. Cu to thit b:
Chn s ng truyn nhit: n = 37 ng. ng c b tr theo hnh lc gic u.
F
= 1,107 m chn L = 1,2 m
d d tr
n n
2
Tra bng V.II, trang 48, STQTTB 6 S ng trn ng cho: b = 7 ng
Chn bc ng: t = 1,2d n = 1,2.0,038 = 0,046 m

p dng cng thc (V.140), [6]:
ng knh trong ca thit b: D = t(b-1) + 4dn = 0,43(m)
Trang 39
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
III . THIT B LM NGUI SN PHM NH :

Chn thit b lm ngui sn phm nh l thit b truyn nhit ng lng ng.
ng truyn nhit c lm bng thp X18H10T, kch thc ng trong : 16x1,6;
kch thc ng ngoi : 25x2,5.
Chn: + Nc lm lnh i trong ng 16x1,6 (ng trong) vi nhit u : t1=
27oC, nhit cui : t2 = 40oC.
+ Sn phm nh i trong ng 25x2,5 (ng ngoi) vi nhit u : tD =
80,5 oC, nhit cui : tD = 35oC.
Cc tnh cht l hc ca nc lm lnh c tra ti liu STQTTB tp 1 ng
vi nhit trung bnh ttbN =
t1 t 2
=33,5oC:
2
+ Nhit dung ring: cN = 4,181 kJ/kg.

+ Khi lng ring: N = 994,4 (Kg/m 3).
+ nht ng lc: N = 0,7371.10 -3 (N.s/m2).
+ H s dn nhit: N = 0,6242 (W/moK).
Cc tnh cht l hc ca sn phm nh c tra ti liu tham kho 6 ng
vi nhit trung bnh ttbD =
t D t 'D 80,5 35
o
57,75 C:
2
2
+ Nhit dung ring: cD= 1909,84 (J/kg.).

+ Khi lng ring: D = 837,91 (Kg/m 3).
+ nht ng lc: D = 0,407.10-3 (N.s/m 2).
+ H s dn nhit: D = 0,149 (W/m oK).
1 . Sut lng nc cn dng lm mt sn phm nh:
Sut lng sn phm nh:
GD = 161,8 kg/h = 0,045 kg/s.
Lng nhit cn ti tnh phn cn bng nhit lng cho thit b lm ngui sn
phm nh QD = 5,13 kW :
Sut lng nc cn dng:
GN =
QD
5,13
= 0,102 kg/s = 368,1 kg/h
c N .(t 2 t1 ) 4,181.(40 28)
2 . Xc nh b mt truyn nhit :
Ftb =
Qt
,m2
K .t log
Vi: + K : h s truyn nhit.

+ tlog : nhit trung bnh logarit.
Xc nh tlog :
t log
(80,5 40) (35 27)

20,038 K.
80,5 40
ln
35 27
Xc nh h s truyn nhit K:
Trang 40

K
GVHD : Phan nh Tun

1
1
1
rt
N
D
,W/m2.oK
Vi: + N : h s cp nhit ca nc trong ng W/m2.oK.

+ D : h s cp nhit ca sn phm nh W/m2.oK.
+ rt : nhit tr ca thnh ng v lp cu.
* Xc nh h s cp nhit ca sn phm nh ng ngoi:
Vn tc ca sn phm nh i trong ng ngoi:
vD
GD
4
0,045
4
.
.
0,475 m/s.
2
2
2
D .( D tr d ng ). 837,91 .(0,02 0,016 2 )
ng knh tng ng: dtd = Dtr dng = 0,02- 0,016 = 0,004 (m).
Chun s Reynolds :
v d .
0,475.0,004.837,91
Re D D. td D
5991,62 < 10000 : ch chy
D
0,407.10 3
chuyn tip, cng thc xc nh chun s Nusselt c dng:
Nu D C . Pr
0, 43
D
Pr
. D
Prv
0 , 25
Trong :
+ l : h s hiu chnh ph thuc t l chiu di ng vi ng knh
ng, chn l =1. H s C = 19,5
+ PrD : chun s Prandlt ca sn phm nh 57,75oC, nn
.c
0,407.10 3.1909,84
= 5,223.
PrD D D
D
0,149
+ Prw1 : chun s Prandlt ca sn phm nh nhit trung bnh ca
vch.
Suy ra: Nu D
83,01
Prw1
0 , 25
H s cp nhit ca sn phm nh trong ng ngoi:

Nu D .D
83,01.0,149
3095,8
D =
0 , 25
0, 25
d td
Prw1
.0,004
Prw1
Nhit ti pha sn phm nh:

q D D .(t tbD t w1 )
3095,8
Prw1
0, 25
2
(57,75 t w1 ) W/m
Vi tw1 : nhit ca vch tip xc vi sn phm nh (ngoi ng nh).

* Nhit ti qua thnh ng v lp cu:
qt
t w1 t w 2
, W/m2.
rt
Trong :
+ tw2 : nhit ca vch tip xc vi nc (trong ng nh).
+ rt t r1 r2
t
B dy thnh ng: t = 1,6 mm.
Trang 41
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
H s dn nhit ca thp khng g: t = 17,5 W/m.K.

Nhit tr trung bnh ca lp bn trong ng vi nc sch:
r1 = 1/5000 m2.oK/W.
Nhit tr lp cu pha sn phm nh: r2 = 1/5800 (m 2. K/W).
Suy ra: rt = 1/2155,9 (m2. K/W).
Vy: q t = 2155,9.(tw1-tw2)
* Xc nh h s cp nhit ca nc trong ng nh:
Vn tc nc i trong ng:
vN
GN
4
0,102
4
.
.
0,798 (m/s).
2
N .d tr 994,4 .0,01282
Chun s Reynolds :
v d .
0,798.0,0128.994,4
4
Re N N . tr N
13779,94 > 10 : ch chy
N
0,7371.10 3
ri, cng thc xc nh chun s Nusselt c dng:
Nu N 0,021. l . Re N
0,8
PrN
0 , 43
.(
PrN 0, 25
)
Prw 2
Trong :
+ l : h s hiu chnh ph thuc vo ReN v t l chiu di ng vi
ng knh ng : ReN = 13779,94, chn l =1.
+ PrN : chun s Prandlt ca nc 34oC, nn PrN = 5.
+ Prw2 : chun s Prandlt ca nc nhit trung bnh ca vch.
Suy ra: Nu N
107,9
0 , 25
Prw 2
H s cp nhit ca nc trong ng:

Nu N . N 128,49.0,6242 5265,90
N =
0 , 25
0 , 25
d tr
Prw 2
.0,0128
Prw 2
Nhit ti pha nc lm lnh:

q N N .(t w 2 t tbN )
5265,90
2
(t w 2 34) W/m
0 , 25
Prw 2
Chn: tw1 = 50,5oC :

Cc tnh cht l hc ca sn phm nh c tra ti liu tham kho
5 ng vi nhit tw1=50,5oC:
+ Nhit dung ring: c = 1906,38 J/kg..
+ nht ng lc: = 0,423.10-3 N.s/m2.
+ H s dn nhit: = 0,138 W/moK.
.c 0,423.10 3.1906,38
Khi : Prw1 =
5,84
0,138
3095,8
.(57,75 50,5) 14438,02 W/m2.
5,84 0, 25
Xem nhit ti mt mt l khng ng k: qt = qD =14438,02 W/m 2.
qt
T (IV.10), ta c: tw2 = tw1 = 43,8oC
2155,9
T (IV.9): qD =
Trang 42
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
Tra ti liu tham kho [4 (tp 1)], Prw2 = 4,10

T (IV.11): qN =
5265,90
.( 43,8 34) 16650,7 W/m2.
0 , 25
3,95
Kim tra sai s:

=
qN qD
qD
14438,02 16650,7
16650,7
= 13,29% sai s ny chp nhn
c nn ta chn
Vy: tw1 = 50,5 oC v tw2 = 43,8oC.
5265,9
3725,28 W/m 2.oC
3,95 0, 25
3095,8
D
1991,45 W/m2.oC
0 , 25
5,84
1
2 o
K
810,05 W/m . C
1
1
1
1991,25 3725,28 2155,9
Khi : N
T (IV.7), b mt truyn nhit trung bnh:

Ftb
5,13.103
= 0,316 m2
810,05.20,038
Suy ra chiu di ng truyn nhit :

L
0,316
6,99 m
0,016 0,0128
.
2
Chn: L = 8 m,(d tr khong 15%).

Kim tra:
L
7,5
625 50 th l = 1: tho.
d tr 0,0128
Vy: thit b lm mt sn phm nh l thit b truyn nhit ng lng ng vi

chiu di ng truyn nhit L = 8 m, chia thnh 2 dy, mi dy 4 ng mi
ng
1 m.
IV . THIT B LM NGUI SN PHM Y :
Chn thit b lm ngui sn phm y l thit b truyn nhit ng lng ng.
ng truyn nhit c lm bng thp X18H10T:
Kch thc ng trong: 16 x 1,6
Kch thc ng ngoi: 25 x 2,5
Chn:
Nc lm lnh i trong ng trong vi nhit vo tV = 27oC v nhit ra tR =
43 oC.
Sn phm y i trong ng ngoi vi nhit vo tWS = 110,2oC v nhit ra
tW = 35 oC.
1. Sut lng nc lm lnh cn dng:
Trang 43
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
Nh phn cn bng nhit lng trn tnh, ta c lng nhit trao i QW = 11,86
kW
Tra bng 1.250, trang 312, ST I Enthalpy ca nc 27oC = hV = 113,13
kJ/kg
Enthalpy ca nc 43 oC = hR = 180,17 kJ/kg
Sut lng nc cn dng: Gn
11,86.3600
Q
=
= 636,8 kg/h
hR hV 180,17 113,13

tlog
(110,2 43) (35 27)

= 27,82 K.
110,2 43
ln
35 27
3. H s truyn nhit:
K
1
1
1
rt
n
W
W/m 2.K
Vi:
n : h s cp nhit ca dng nc lnh W/m 2.K
W : h s cp nhit ca dng sn phm y W/m2.K
3.1. Xc nh h s cp nhit ca nc trong ng:
Kch thc ca ng trong:
B dy ng: t = 1,6 mm = 0,0016 m
Nhit trung bnh ca dng nc trong ng: tf = (tV + tR) = 35 oC
Ti nhit ny th:
Khi lng ring ca nc: n = 994 kg/m3
nht ca nc: n = 7,23.10-7 m2/s
Chun s Prandtl: Prn = 4,9
Vn tc nc i trong ng:
vn
4Gn
4 636,8
= 1,383 m/s
2
3600 nd tr 3600 994 0,01282
Chun s Reynolds :
Re n
vn. d tr 1,383 0,0128
= 24484.65 > 104 : ch chy ri

n
7,23.10 7
p dng cng thc (11), trang 7, 6 cng thc xc nh chun s Nusselt:

Nu n 0,021. l . Re
0 ,8
n
0 , 43
n
Pr
Pr
. n
Prw 2
0 , 25
Trang 44
GVHD : Phan nh Tun

di L v ng knh d ca ng v Re, ta chn 1 = 1 theo bng trang 7 - 6
H s cp nhit ca nc trong ng: n =
Nu n . n
d tr

qt
t w1 t w 2
, W/m2
rt
Trong :
tw1 : nhit ca vch tip xc vi sn phm y (trong ng trong), oC
tw2 : nhit ca vch tip xc vi nc lnh (ngoi ng trong), oC
rt
t
r1 r2
t

H s dn nhit ca thp khng g: t = 16,3 W/mK
Nhit tr lp bn trong ng: r1 = 1/5000 m 2.K/W
Nn: rt = 5,565.10 -4 m2.K/W
3.3. Xc nh h s cp nhit ca dng sn phm y ngoi ng:

Kch thc ca ng ngoi:
ng knh ngoi: Dn = 25 mm = 0,025 m
B dy ng: t = 2,5 mm = 0,0025 m
ng knh trong: Dtr = 0,02 m
Nhit trung bnh ca dng sn phm y ngoi ng: tW = (tWS + tWR) = 72,6
C.
Ti nhit ny th:
Khi lng ring ca Benzen : B = 822,029 kg/m3
Khi lng ring ca Toluen : T = 814,196 kg/m3
Nn:
1 xW 1 xW 0,00365 1 0,00365
3
0,001228 = 814,224 kg/m

N
A
822,029
814,196
nht ca Benzen : B = 3,409.10-4 N.s/m2

nht ca Toluen : T = 3,315.10-4 N.s/m2
Nn: lg = xWlgB + (1 - xW)lgT
= 3,316.10 -4 N.s/m2
H s dn nhit ca sn phm y : W = 0,146 W/mK
Nhit dung ring ca Benzen : cB = 1980,28 J/kgK
Nhit dung ring ca Toluen : cT = 1941,04 J/kgK
Nn: c = cB x W + cT. (1 - x W ) = 1941,18 J/kgK
p dng cng thc (V.35), trang 12, STQTTB 6: Pr
c
= 4,42
Vn tc ca dng sn phm y ngoi ng:
Trang 45
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
4GW
4 240,6
= 0,73 m/s
2
2
3600 ( Dtr d n ) 3600 814,224 (0,020 2 0,016 2 )
4F
ng knh tng ng: dt =
Dtr dn = 0,02 0,016 = 0,004 m
Chun s Reynolds :
vd 0,73 0,004 814,224
Re t
= 7169,89 < 104 : ch chy chuyn tip
4
3,316.10
p dng cng thc (10), trang 6, 6 cng thc xc nh chun s Nusselt:
NuW C l . Pr
0 , 43
Pr
.
Prw1
0 , 25

di L v ng knh d ca ng.
Tra bng 2, trang 6, 6 chn 1 = 1,9
Tra bng 2, trang 6, 6 chn C = 27
H s cp nhit ca dng sn phm y ngoi ng: W =
Nu W .
d t
Dng php lp: chn tW1 = 60 oC

Ti nhit ny th:
nht ca benzen : B = 3,86.10-4 N.s/m 2
nht ca toluen : T = 3,78.10-4 N.s/m 2
Nn: lgW1 = xWlgB + (1 xW)lgT
W1 = 3,78.10-4 N.s/m2
H s dn nhit ca sn phm y : W = 0,1275 W/mK
Nhit dung ring ca Benzen : cB = 1935,25 J/kgK
Nhit dung ring ca Toluen : cT = 1904 J/kgK
Nn: cW1 = cB x W + cT. (1 - x W ) = 1904,3 J/kgK
c
3,78.10 4.1904,3
Ta c: PrW 1 W 1 W 1
= 5,66
W 1
0,1275
0 , 25
Pr
4,9
27.1,9.4,880, 43.
Nn: NuW C l . Pr .
4,71
Prw1
NuW . 101,03.0.1189
W =
2219 W/m 2 .K
d t
0,004
0 , 25
0 , 43
69,74
qW = aW (tW tW1) = 2219 (76,2 60) = 25740,44 W/m2

qt = qW = 25740,44 W/m2 (xem nhit ti mt mt l khng ng k)
tw2 = tw1 - qtrt = 41,2 oC
PrW2 = 4,31
Nun = 153,4
an = 4801,55 W/m 2K
qn = an (tW2 tf) = 28809,33 W/m2
Kim tra sai s:
Trang 46
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
qW qn
qW
100% = 0,106 chn khong ~ 5% l ph hp nn kt
qu ny chp nhn c
Kt lun: tw1 = 60 oC v tw2 = 41 oC
K
1
1
1
5,565.10 4
4081,55
2219
= 798,62 W/m2K
4. B mt truyn nhit:
F=
Q
11,86 1000
= 0,12 m2
K .t log 3600 27,82
5. Cu to thit b:
Kim tra:
F
= 2,12 m chn L = 2,5 m
d n d tr
n
2
L
2,5
= 195 > 50 l = 1: tha
d tr 0,0128
Kt lun: Thit b lm ngui sn phm y l thit b truyn nhit ng lng ng

vi tng chiu di ng truyn nhit L = 2,5 m, chia thnh 5 hng ng mi hng c ng di
0,5 m
V . THIT B UN SI NHP LIU
Chn thit b gia nhit nhp liu l thit b trao i nhit kiu ng chm.
ng truyn nhit c lm bng thp X18H10T, kch thc ng 38 x 3:
B dy ng: t = 3 mm = 0,003 m
Hi t l hi nc 2,5at i trong ng 38 x 3. Tra bng 1.251, trang 314,
STQTTB 6:
Nhit ha hi: rH O = rn = 2189500 J/kg
Nhit si: t H O = tn = 126,25 oC
Dng sn phm ti y c nhit :
Trc khi vo ni un (lng): tF = 30 oC
Sau khi c un (lng si): tS2 = 94 oC
6. Sut lng hi nc cn dng:
Tra bng 1.251, trang 314, [5]
Nhit ha hi ca nc 2,5 at = rH O = 2189,5 kJ/kg
2
D2
QF
r2
15,43
0,0074kg / s 74kg / h
0,95.2189,5
Trang 47
GVHD : Phan nh Tun

tlog
(126,25 30) (126,25 94)

= 58,95 K.
126,25 30
ln
126,25 94
8. H s truyn nhit:
H s truyn nhit K c tnh theo cng thc nh i vi tng phng:
K
1
1
1
rt
n
F
,W/m2.K
Vi:
n : h s cp nhit ca hi t W/m 2.K
F : h s cp nhit dng nhp liu W/m2.K.
qt
t F1 t F 2
, W/m2.
rt
Trong :
tF2 : nhit ca vch tip xc vi hi t pha v, oC
tw1 : nhit ca vch tip xc vi nhp liu trong ng, oC
rt
t
r1 r2
t

H s dn nhit ca thp khng g: t = 16,3 W/mK (Bng XII.7, trang 313,
STQTTB 6)
Nhit tr lp bn trong ng: r1 = 1/5800 m 2.K/W (Bng 31, trang 419, [4])
Nn: rt = 5,289.10 -4 m2.K/W
3.6. Xc nh h s cp nhit ca dng nhp liu trong ng:
Ti nhit si trung bnh th ca dng nhp liu tFtb = 620C:
Khi lng ring ca benzen : B = 836 kg/m3
Nn:
1 xF 1 xF
0,4 1 0,4
3
0,0012 = 831,2 kg/m

B
T
836
828
nht ca toluen : T = 3,81.10-4 N.s/m 2

nht ca benzen : B = 3,9.10 -4 N.s/m2
Nn: lg = xFlgB + (1 xF)lgT = 0,4.lg(3,9.10-4) + (1 - 0,4)lg(3,81.10 -4)
= 3,85.10-4 N.s/m2
Nn: c = cN x F + cA. (1 - x F ) = 2108,37 J/kgK
Trang 48
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
p dng cng thc (V.35), trang 12, 6]: PrF
cF F
= 1,94
F
Vn tc dng nhp liu i trong ng:

vF
4GF
4 402,4
= 0,167 m/s.
2
3600 d tr 3600 831,2 0,032 2
Chun s Reynolds :
v d
0,167 0,032 831,2
Re F F tr F
= 11534,71 > 104 : ch chy ri
F
3,85.10 4
p dng cng thc (3.27), trang 110, [4] Cng thc xc nh chun s Nusselt:
Nu F 0,021. l . Re
0,8
F
0 , 43
F
Pr
Pr
. F
PrF 2
0 , 25
Trong : 1 h s tnh n nh hng ca h s cp nhit theo t l chiu di v

ng knh ng.
3.7. Xc nh h s cp nhit ca hi nc i pha v :
rn . n2 .g.3n
p dng cng thc (3.65), trang 120, [4]: n 0,7254
n .(t n - t W1 ).d tr
o
Dng php lp: chn tF1 = 122,8 C
Nhit trung bnh ca mng nc ngng t: tm = 126,25 oC
Ti nhit ny th:
Khi lng ring ca nc: n = 937,935 kg/m3
nht ca nc: n = 2,25.10 -4 N.s/m2
Nn: n = 10849,76 W/m 2K
qn = n (tn tW1) = 16820,49 W/m2
qt = qn = 16530,1 W/m2 (xem nhit ti mt mt l khng ng k)
tF2 = tF1 - q trt = 116oC
Vi tF2 = 1160C th tnh cht ca dng nhp liu trong ng
Khi lng ring ca toluen : T = 780,5 kg/m3
Nn:
1 x F 1 x F 0,4 1 0,4
3
0,00128 = 781,25 kg/m

B
T
775 780,5
nht ca benzene : B = 2,27.10-4 N.s/m 2

nht ca toluene : T = 2,39.10-4 N.s/m 2
Nn: lg = xFlgB + (1 xF)lgT = 0,4.lg(3,9.10 -4) + (1 - 0,4)lg(3,81.10 -4)
= 2,32.10-4 N.s/m2
Nn: cF = cN x F + cA. (1 - xF ) = 2130,37 J/kgK
c
p dng cng thc (V.35), trang 12, 6: PrF F F = 3,31
F
Trang 49
Nu F 0,021. l . Re
0, 8
F
GVHD : Phan nh Tun

0, 43
F
Pr
Pr
. F
PrF 2
0 , 25
= 704,56
F = 2818,23 W/m2K (vi q = qt)

qF = F (t F2 tF) = 17134,8 W/m2
Kim tra sai s:
=
qn qS
qn
100% = 1,8% < 5% (tha)
Kt lun: tw1 = 122,8oC v tw2 = 116 oC

K
1
1
1
5,289.10 4
10849,76
2818,23
= 1024,69 W/m 2K
9. B mt truyn nhit:
F=
Q
15,43 1000
2
2
0,25 m ly d b mt truyn nhit F = 0,5 m

K .t log 1024,69 58,95
10. Cu to thit b:
Chn s ng truyn nhit: n = 19 ng. ng c b tr theo hnh lc gic u.
F
d d tr
n n
2
= 0,523 m chn L = 0,6 m
Tra bng V.II, trang 48, 6 S ng trn ng xuyn tm ca hnh su cnh l 3 n

VI . BNCAO V :
1. Tn tht ng ng dn:
Chn ng dn c ng knh trong l dtr = 80 mm
Tra bng II.15, trang 381, [5] nhm ca ng: = 0,2 mm = 0,0002 m (n
mn t)
Tn tht ng ng dn:
l
v 2
h1 1 1 1 . F
d1
2g
Trong :
1 : h s ma st trong ng ng.
l1 : chiu di ng ng dn, chn l1 = 30 m.
d1 : ng knh ng dn, d1 = dtr = 0,08m.
1 : tng h s tn tht cc b.
vF : vn tc dng nhp liu trong ng dn
1.1. Xc nh vn tc dng nhp liu trong ng dn :
Cc tnh cht l hc ca dng nhp liu c tra nhit trung bnh:
tF =
t FV t FS 30 94
= 62 oC
2
2
Trang 50
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
Ti nhit ny th:
Nn:
1
x
1 xF
0,4
1 0,4
F
F = 832 kg/m3
F N
A
843,295 833,149
nht ca benzen : B = 4,335.10-4 N.s/m2

nht ca toluen : T = 4,045.10 -4 N.s/m2
F = 4,129.10 -4 N.s/m2
Vn tc ca dng nhp liu i trong ng:
vF
4GF
4 1717,56
= 0,114 m/s
2
3600 F d tr 3600 832 0,08 2
1.2. Xc nh h s ma st trong ng ng :
Chun s Reynolds :
v d
0,114 0,08 832
Re F F tr F
= 18461,54 > 4000 : ch chy ri
F
4,129.10 4
Chun s Reynolds ti hn: Regh = 6(d1/)8/7 = 5648,513
Chun s Reynolds khi bt u xut hin vng nhm: Ren = 220(d1/)9/8 =
186097,342
V Regh < ReF < Ren ch chy ri ng vi khu vc qu .
100
p dng cng thc (II.64), trang 379, [5]: 1= 0,1.1,46.

d1 ReF
0,25
= 0,031
1.3. Xc nh tng h s tn tht cc b :

Ch un cong :
Tra bng II.16, trang 382, [5]: Chn dng ng un cong 90 o c bn knh R vi
R/d =2 th u1 (1 ch) = 0,15.
ng ng c 6 ch un u1 = 0,15. 6 = 0,9
Van :
Tra bng 9.5, trang 94, [1]: Chn van cu vi m hon ton th van (1 ci) = 10.
ng ng c 2 van cu van = 10. 2 = 20
Lu lng k : l1 = 0 (coi nh khng ng k).
Vo thp : thp = 1
Nn: 1 = u1 + van + ll = 21,9
Vy: h1 0,031
30
0,1142
= 0,022 m
21,9 .
0,08
2 9,81
2. Chiu cao bn cao v:

Chn :
Mt ct (1-1) l mt thong cht lng trong bn cao v.
Mt ct (2-2) l mt ct ti v tr nhp liu thp.
Ap dng phng trnh Bernoulli cho (1-1) v (2-2):
2
v
v
P
P
z1 + 1 + 1 = z2 + 2 + 2 +hf1-2
2 .g
2 .g
F .g
F .g
Trang 51
GVHD : Phan nh Tun

2
P P v v1
z1 = z2 + 2 1 2
+h f1-2
F .g
2.g
Trong :
z1: cao mt thong (1-1) so vi mt t, hay xem nh l chiu cao bn cao
v Hcv = z1.
z2: cao mt thong (2-2) so vi mt t, hay xem nh l chiu cao t mt t
n v tr nhp liu:
z2 = hchn + hy + (nttC 1)h + 0,4
= 0,18 + 0,150 + (14 1)0,25 + 0,4 = 3,98 m
P1 : p sut ti mt thong (1-1), chn P1 = 1 at = 9,81.10 4 N/m2
P2 : p sut ti mt thong (2-2)
Xem P = P2 P1 = nttL .PL = 12. 2040= 24485 N/m2
v1 : vn tc ti mt thong (1-1), xem v1 = 0 m/s.
v2 : vn tc ti v tr nhp liu, v2 = vF = 0,32 m/s.
hf1-2 : tng tn tht trong ng t (1-1) n (2-2):
h f1-2 = 0,662m
2
Vy: Chiu cao bn cao v: Hcv
= z2 +
= 3,98 +
P2 P1 v 2 v 1
+h f1-2
F .g
2.g
24485
0,32 2 0
+ 0,662
9,81.832 2 9,81
= 8,78 m
Chn Hcv = 10 m.
VII . BM :
1. Nng sut:
Nhit dng nhp liu l tF = 30oC.
Ti nhit ny th:
Khi lng ring ca benzen : B = 869,25 (kg/m 3)
Khi lng ring ca toluen : T = 855,39 (kg/m 3)
Nn:
1
x
1 xF 0,2665 1 0,2665
F
F = 858,78 (kg/m 3)
F N
A
869,25
855,39
nht ca benzen : B = 5,91.10-4 (N.s/m2)

nht ca toluen : T = 5,39.10-3 (N.s/m 2)
Nn: lgF = xFlgB + (1 xF)lgT
F = 5,541.10-4 (N.s/m 2)
Sut lng th tch ca dng nhp liu i trong ng:
QF 402,4kg / h = 0,5 m3/h
Vy: chn bm c nng sut Qb = 0,5 (m3/h)
2. Ct p:
Chn :
Mt ct (1-1) l mt thong cht lng trong bn cha nguyn liu.
Mt ct (2-2) l mt thong cht lng trong bn cao v.
p dng phng trnh Bernoulli cho (1-1) v (2-2):
Trang 52

2
GVHD : Phan nh Tun

2
P
v
P
v
z1 + 1 + 1 + Hb = z2 + 2 + 2 +hf1-2
F .g
2 .g
F .g
2.g
Trong :
z1: cao mt thong (1-1) so vi mt t, chn z1 = 1m.
z2: cao mt thong (2-2) so vi mt t, z2 = Hcv = 10m.
P1 : p sut ti mt thong (1-1), chn P1 = 1 at.
P2 : p sut ti mt thong (2-2), chn P2 = 1 at.
v1,v2 : vn tc ti mt thong (1-1) v(2-2), xem v1= v2 = 0 m/s.
hf1-2 : tng tn tht trong ng t (1-1) n (2-2).
Hb : ct p ca bm.
2.1. Tnh tng tr lc trong ng:
Chn ng knh trong ca ng ht v ng y bng nhau: dtr = 50 mm
Tra bng II.15, trang 381, [5] nhm ca ng: = 0,2 mm = 0,0002 m (n
mn t)
Tng tr lc trong ng ht v ng y
lh l
v 2
h . F
d tr
2g
h f1-2 =
Trong :
lh : chiu di ng ht.
Chiu cao ht ca bm: Tra bng II.34, trang 441, [5] hh = 4,3 m
Chn lh = 6 m.
l : chiu di ng y, chn l = 15 m.
h : tng tn tht cc b trong ng ht.
: tng tn tht cc b trong ng y.
: h s ma st trong ng ht v ng y.
vF : vn tc dng nhp liu trong ng ht v ng y m/s.
vF
4Qb
4 2,5
= 0,36 m/s
2
3600d tr 3600 0,0502
Xc nh h s ma st trong ng ht v ng y :
Chun s Reynolds :
v d
0,36 0,05 858,78
Re F F tr F
= 27122,63 > 4000 : ch chy ri
F
5,541.10 4
Chun s Reynolds ti hn: Regh = 6(dtr/)8/7 = 3301,065
Chun s Reynolds khi bt u xut hin vng nhm: Ren = 220(dtr/)9/8 =
109674,381
V Regh < ReF < Ren ch chy ri ng vi khu vc qu .
100
p dng cng thc (II.64), trang 379, [5]: = 0,1.1,46.

d tr ReF
0,25
= 0,03124
Xc nh tng tn tht cc b trong ng ht :

Ch un cong :
Tra bng II.16, trang 382, [5]: Chn dng ng un cong 90o c bn knh R vi R/d
= 2 th u1 (1 ch) = 0,15.
Trang 53
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
ng ht c 2 ch un u1 = 0,15. 2 = 0,3
Van :
Tra bng 9.5, trang 94, [1]: Chn van cu vi m hon ton th v1 (1 ci) = 10.
ng ht c 1 van cu v1 = 10
Nn: h = u1 + v1 = 10,3
Xc nh tng tn tht cc b trong ng y :
Ch un cong :
Tra bng II.16, trang 382, [5]: Chn dng ng un cong 90o c bn knh R vi R/d
= 2 th u2 (1 ch) = 0,15.
ng y c 4 ch un u2 = 0,15. 4 = 0,6
Van :
Tra bng 9.5, trang 94, [1]: Chn van cu vi m hon ton th v2 (1 ci) = 10.
ng y c 1 van cu v2 = 10
Vo bn cao v : cv = 1
Nn: = u1 + v1 + cv = 11,6
Vy: hf1-2 = 0,03124
6 20
0,322
10,3 11,6 .
= 0,2 m
0,05
2 9,81
2.2. Tnh ct p ca bm:

Hb = (z2 z1) + h f1-2 = (10 1) + 0,2 = 9,2 m
3. Cng sut:
Chn hiu sut ca bm: b = 0,8.
Cng sut thc t ca bm: Nb =
Qb H b F .g 0,5 9,2 858,78 9,81
3600. b
3600 0,8
= 13,45 W
Kt lun: m bo thp hot ng lin tc ta chn 2 bm li tm loi XM, c:
- Nng sut: Qb = 0,5 m3/h
- Ct p: Hb = 9,2 m
- Cng sut: Nb = 13,45 W
KT LUN
Vi quy trnh cng ngh tnh tn trn ta thy rng mt lng nhit ng k cn
gii l ngng t sn nh, gii nhit sn phm nh v gii nhit cho sn phm y cha
c tn dng gia nhit cho dng nhp liu. Nhng trong qu trnh tnh tn gia
nhit cho dng nhp liu ti trng thi lng si nu tn dng nhit th cha gia
nhit ti lng si trong khi phi tn thm thit b, ng ng lm tng chi ph ca
phn xng. Vn tn dng nhit l mt vn thc t rt c quan tm, n nh l
mt gii php nng cao hiu qu ca qu trnh v tit kim nng lng, nhng trong
gii hn v thi gian, kh nng v kinh nghim thc t nn em cha phn tch tnh ton
nh gi ng mc cc qu trnh. n mn hc l mt mn hc tng hp v n mang
li cho em nhiu kinh nghim tnh tn thit k hn chnh mt qu trnh trong sn
xut.
Trang 54
GVHD : Phan nh Tun
TI LIU THAM KHO

[1]. Trn Hng Dng Nguyn Vn Lc Hong Minh Nam V B Minh,
Qu trnh v Thit b trong Cng Ngh Ha Hc Tp 1, Quyn 2: Phn ring
bng kh ng, lc ly tm, bm, qut, my nn. Tnh h thng ng ng, Nh
xut bn i hc Quc gia TpHCM, 1997, 203tr.
[2]. V Vn Bang V B Minh, Qu trnh v Thit b trong Cng Ngh Ha Hc
Tp 3: Truyn Khi, Nh xut bn i hc Quc gia TpHCM, 2004, 388tr.
[3]. Phm Vn Bn Nguyn nh Th, Qu trnh v Thit b trong Cng Ngh
Ha Hc Tp 5: Qu trnh v Thit b Truyn Nhit, Nh xut bn i hc
Quc gia TpHCM, 2002, 372tr.
[4]. Phm Vn Bn V B Minh Hong Minh Nam, Qu trnh v Thit b
trong Cng Ngh Ha Hc Tp 10: V d v Bi tp, Nh xut bn i hc
Quc gia TpHCM, 468tr.
[5]. Tp th tc gi, S tay Qu trnh v Thit b Cng ngh Ha cht Tp 1,
Nh xut bn Khoa hc K thut H Ni, 1999, 626tr.
[6]. Tp th tc gi, S tay Qu trnh v Thit b Cng ngh Ha cht Tp 2,
Nh xut bn Khoa hc K thut H Ni, 1999, 447tr.
[7]. H L Vin, Thit k v Tnh ton cc thit b ha cht, Nh xut bn Khoa
hc v K thut, H Ni, 1978, 286tr.
[8]. Nguyn Minh Tuyn, C s tnh ton My v Thit b Ha cht Thc
phm, Nh xut bn Khoa hc v K thut, H Ni, 1984, 134tr.
Trang 55

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AMH Qu trnh & Thit b

GVHD : Phan nh Tun

Nng sn phm nh:

= 98% phn khi lng

Ngun nng lng v cc thng s khc t chn

AMH Qu trnh & Thit b

GVHD : Phan nh Tun

AMH Qu trnh & Thit b

GVHD : Phan nh Tun

AMH Qu trnh & Thit b

GVHD : Phan nh Tun

CHNG 7 : TNH TON THIT B PHU ................................................ 33

AMH Qu trnh & Thit b

GVHD : Phan nh Tun

Ti liu tham kho .......................................................................................... 54

AMH Qu trnh & Thit b

GVHD : Phan nh Tun

- Chng ct l qu trnh dng tch cc cu t ca hn hp lng cng nh hn hp

AMH Qu trnh & Thit b

GVHD : Phan nh Tun

- Thp mm xuyn l : trn mm c nhiu l hay rnh.

II. GII THIU V NGUYN LIU :

AMH Qu trnh & Thit b

GVHD : Phan nh Tun

o Nhit nng chy : -95 oC

AMH Qu trnh & Thit b

GVHD : Phan nh Tun

AMH Qu trnh & Thit b

GVHD : Phan nh Tun

Nng sut sn phm nh : D = 200l/h

II. XC NH SUT LNG DNG NHP LIU V DNG SN PHM Y:

Dng sn phm nh c nhit 800C nn ta c khi lng ring ca dng ny:

AMH Qu trnh & Thit b

GVHD : Phan nh Tun

Phng trnh cn bng vt cht:

F .xF D.xD W .xW

AMH Qu trnh & Thit b

GVHD : Phan nh Tun

Hnh 1: th cn bng pha ca h Benzen Toluen ti P = 1atm

Biu din trn th:

AMH Qu trnh & Thit b

GVHD : Phan nh Tun

Theo th trn ta chn gi tr t s hi lu thch hp R = 2,48

AMH Qu trnh & Thit b

GVHD : Phan nh Tun

Hnh 2: th xc nh s mm l thuyt chng h Benzen Toluen ti P = 1atm

Trong ni - hiu sut ca cc bc thay i nng , n - s v tr tnh hiu sut

AMH Qu trnh & Thit b

GVHD : Phan nh Tun

Trong trng hp ny ta tnh

Tw(nhit a di cng) = 1100C, xw = 0,012 suy ra yD = 0,065 s dng bng

AMH Qu trnh & Thit b

GVHD : Phan nh Tun

Vtb :lng hi trung bnh i trong thp m3/h.

gd : lng hi ra khi a trn cng ca thp kg/h

AMH Qu trnh & Thit b

GVHD : Phan nh Tun

Gii h (IV.1) , ta c : G1 = 593,3 kg/h

2 . Tc hi trung bnh i trong thp on ct:

ytb .78 1 ytb .92.273

Vi: + Nng phn mol trung bnh : ytb =

Suy ra : rytb =2,752 kg/m3.

ttb = 89,5oC , tra bng I.2, trang 9, [5], ta c :