You are on page 1of 7

Tng quan CMMI hin ang gii quyt ba lnh vc quan tm: 1.

Sn phm v pht trin dch v - CMMI cho pht trin (CMMI-DEV), 2. C s dch v, qun l, v giao hng - CMMI (CMMI-SVC), v 3. Sn phm v dch v mua li - CMMI cho Acquisition (CMMI-ACQ). CMMI c pht trin bi mt nhm cc chuyn gia t ngnh cng nghip, chnh ph, v Vin Cng Ngh Phn Mm (SEI) ti i hc Carnegie Mellon . M hnh CMMI cung cp hng dn cho pht trin, ci tin quy trnh p ng cc mc tiu kinh doanh ca mt t chc. Mt m hnh CMMI cng c th c s dng nh mt khun kh thm nh s trng thnh qu trnh t chc. CMMI c ngun gc trong cng ngh phn mm nhng c tng qut ha cao trong nhiu nm nm ly cc khu vc quan tm khc, chng hn nh s pht trin ca sn phm phn cng, vic cung cp tt c cc loi dch v, v mua cc sn phm v dch v. "Phn mm" khng xut hin trong nh ngha ca CMMI. iu ny khi qut cc khi nim ci tin lm cho CMMI cc k tru tng. N khng c th cng ngh phn mm nh ngi tin nhim ca n, CMM Software (CMM, xem di y). Lch s CMMI c pht trin bi cc d n CMMI, nhm ci thin kh nng s dng cc m hnh k hn thanh ton bng cch tch hp nhiu m hnh khc nhau thnh mt khun kh. D n bao gm cc thnh vin ca chnh ph, ngnh cng nghip v Carnegie Mellon Vin Cng Ngh Phn Mm (SEI). Cc nh ti tr chnh bao gm Vn phng ca B trng Quc phng ( OSD ) v Hip hi Cng nghip Quc phng . CMMI l k tha ca m hnh trng thnh nng lc (CMM) hoc phn mm CMM. CMM c pht trin t nm 1987 cho n nm 1997. Nm 2002, CMMI Phin bn 1.1 c pht hnh, phin bn 1.2 tip theo trong thng 8 nm 2006, v CMMI phin bn 1.3 trong thng 11 nm 2010. Mt s thay i ln trong CMMI V1.3 l s h tr ca pht trin phn mm Agile, ci thin thc hnh trng thnh cao v s lin kt ca i din (t chc v lin tc). CMMI ch CMMI i din CMMI tn ti trong 2 i din: lin tc v t chc. [ 1 ] Cc i din lin tc c thit k cho php ngi s dng tp trung vo cc quy trnh c th m c coi l quan trng cho mc tiu kinh doanh trc tip ca t chc, hoc nhng ngi m t chc gn mt mc cao ri ro. i din t chc c thit k cung cp mt chui tiu chun ci tin, v c th phc v nh l mt c s so snh s trng thnh ca d n v cc t chc khc nhau. Cc i din t chc cng cung cp cho mt chuyn i d dng t SW-CMM CMMI. [ 1 ] CMMI m hnh khun kh bit thm chi tit v ch ny, thy khu vc Quy trnh (CMMI) .

Ty thuc vo khu vc CMMI quan tm (mua li, dch v, pht trin) c s dng, cc khu vc qu trnh n s khc nhau [ 7 ] . cc khu vc Quy trnh l nhng khu vc s c bao ph bi cc qu trnh ca t chc. Bng di y lit k cc khu vc qu trnh c mt trong tt c cc lnh vc CMMI quan tm trong CMMI Phin bn 1.3 . B su tp ny mi su khu vc qu trnh c gi l ct li khu vc qu trnh CMMI. Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) li Quy trnh khu vc Tn vit tt Trng thnh Cp

Tn

hu vc

CAR

Phn tch nguyn nhn v Ngh quyt Qun l Cu hnh

H tr

CM

H tr

DAR

Phn tch quyt nh v Ngh quyt H tr Qun l d n tch hp o lng v phn tch Qun l d n H tr Quy trnh qun l Quy trnh qun l Quy trnh qun l Quy trnh qun l

IPM

MA V T chc Cn

T chc qu trnh Definition

OPF

T chc qu trnh Focus

OPM

Qun l t chc Hiu sut

OPP

T chc qu trnh hiu sut

Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) li Quy trnh khu vc Tn vit tt Trng thnh Cp

Tn

hu vc

OT

T chc o to

Quy trnh qun l Qun l d n Qun l d n

PMC

Gim st v Kim sot d n D n K hoch Qu trnh v m bo cht lng sn phm Qun l v s lng d n Qun l yu cu Qun l ri ro

PP

PPQA

H tr

QPM

Qun l d n Qun l d n Qun l d n

REQM

RSKM

Mc trng thnh trong CMMI cho pht trin C nm mc trng thnh. Tuy nhin, xp hng mc trng thnh c trao gii thng cho cc cp 2 n 5. Cc khu vc qu trnh di y v mc trng thnh ca h c lit k cho CMMI cho pht trin m hnh: Maturity Level 2 - Qun l

CM - Qun l Cu hnh MA - o lng v phn tch PMC - Project Monitoring v Control PP - D n K hoch PPQA - Quy trnh v m bo cht lng sn phm REQM - Qun l yu cu SAM - Nh cung cp Hip nh qun l

Maturity Level 3 - Xc nh

DAR - Phn tch quyt nh v Ngh quyt IPM - Qun l d n tch hp V T chc Cn - nh ngha Quy trnh t chc OPF t chc qu trnh Focus OT - o to t chc PI - Sn phm tch hp RD - Yu cu pht trin. RSKM - Qun l ri ro. TS - Gii php k thut. VAL - Validation. VER - xc nhn.

Maturity Level 4 - nh lng Qun l


OPP - t chc qu trnh Hiu sut QPM - nh lng Qun l d n

Maturity Level 5 - Ti u ha CAR - Phn tch nguyn nhn v Ngh quyt OPM - t chc qun l hiu qu Mc trng thnh trong CMMI cho cc dch v Cc khu vc qu trnh di y v mc trng thnh ca h c lit k cho CMMI m hnh dch v:

Maturity Level 2 - Qun l


CM - Qun l Cu hnh MA - o lng v phn tch PPQA - Quy trnh v m bo cht lng sn phm REQM - Qun l yu cu SAM - Nh cung cp Hip nh qun l SD - Dch v Giao hng tn ni WMC - Cng tc gim st v kim sot WP - K hoch lm vic

Maturity Level 3 - Xc nh

CAM - Cng sut v qun l sn c DAR - Phn tch quyt nh v Ngh quyt IRP - Ngh quyt s c v phng chng IWM - Qun l tng hp lm vic V T chc Cn - nh ngha Quy trnh t chc OPF t chc qu trnh Focus OT - o to t chc RSKM - Qun l ri ro SCON - Dch v lin tc

SSD - Pht trin h thng dch v Thu tiu th c bit - Dch v H thng chuyn tip STSM - Dch v qun l chin lc

Maturity Level 4 - nh lng Qun l


OPP - t chc qu trnh Hiu sut QWM - Qun l nh lng lm vic

Maturity Level 5 - Ti u ha CAR - Phn tch nguyn nhn v Ngh quyt OPM - t chc qun l hiu qu Mc trng thnh trong CMMI cho vic mua li

Cc khu vc qu trnh di y v mc trng thnh ca h c lit k cho CMMI m hnh thu thp: Maturity Level 2 - Qun l

- Hip nh qun l ARD - thu thp yu cu pht trin CM - Qun l Cu hnh MA - o lng v phn tch PMC - Project Monitoring v Control PP - D n K hoch PPQA - Quy trnh v m bo cht lng sn phm REQM - Qun l yu cu SSAD mi thu v Pht trin Hip nh Nh cung cp

Maturity Level 3 - Xc nh

ATM - Qun l thu nhn k thut AVAL - Mua Validation Aver - Mua Xc minh DAR - Phn tch quyt nh v Ngh quyt IPM - Qun l d n tch hp V T chc Cn - nh ngha Quy trnh t chc OPF t chc qu trnh Focus OT - o to t chc RSKM - Qun l ri ro

Maturity Level 4 - nh lng Qun l


OPP - t chc qu trnh Hiu sut QPM - nh lng Qun l d n

Maturity Level 5 - Ti u ha

CAR - Phn tch nguyn nhn v Ngh quyt OPM - t chc qun l hiu qu M hnh CMMI

Thc hnh CMMI tt nht c cng b trong cc ti liu c gi l m hnh, mi a ch mt khu vc quan tm khc nhau. Pht hnh hin ti, CMMI Phin bn 1.3 , cung cp cho cc m hnh cho ba lnh vc quan tm: pht trin, mua li, v dch v. CMMI cho pht trin ( CMMI-DEV ), v1.3 c pht hnh vo thng 11 2010. N cp n qu trnh pht trin sn phm v dch v. CMMI cho Acquisition ( CMMI-ACQ ), v1.3 c pht hnh vo thng 11 2010. N cp n qun l chui cung ng, mua li, v qu trnh gia cng phn mm trong chnh ph v ngnh cng nghip. CMMI cho Dch v ( CMMI-SVC ), v1.3 c pht hnh vo thng 11 nm 2010. N cp n hng dn cho vic cung cp dch v trong mt t chc v khch hng bn ngoi. Thm nh Mt t chc khng th c chng nhn trong CMMI, thay vo , mt t chc c thm nh . Ty thuc vo loi thm nh, t chc c th c trao tng mt nh gi mc trng thnh (1-5) hoc cp kh nng mt h s thnh tch.

Nhiu t chc tm thy gi tr o lng s tin b ca h bng cch tin hnh thm nh. nh gi c thc hin cho mt hoc nhiu trong nhng l do sau y: 1. xc nh nh th no qu trnh so snh ca t chc CMMI thc hnh tt nht, v xc nh cc lnh vc ci tin c th c thc hin 2. thng bo cho khch hng bn ngoi v cc nh cung cp ca t chc qu trnh so snh nh th no CMMI thc hnh tt nht 3. p ng yu cu ca mt hoc nhiu khch hng theo hp ng nh gi ca cc t chc s dng mt m hnh CMMI [ 8 ] phi ph hp vi cc yu cu quy nh trong cc yu cu thm nh cho ti liu (ARC) CMMI. C ba lp hc ca cc nh gi, A, B, v C, trong tp trung vo vic xc nh cc c hi ci thin v so snh cc qu trnh ca t chc CMMI thc hnh tt nht. Trong s ny, lp thm nh l chnh thc nht v ch c mt m c th dn n mt nh gi mc . i thm nh s dng mt m hnh CMMI v phng php thm nh ARC-tun th QTI hng dn nh gi ca h v t chc v bo co kt lun. Kt qu thm nh sau c th c s dng (v d, bi mt nhm qu trnh) ln k hoch ci tin t chc. CMMI Phng php thm nh tiu chun cho qu trnh ci thin (SCAMPI) l mt phng php thm nh p ng tt c cc yu cu ARC. [ 9 ] Kt qu ca mt nh gi SCAMPI c th c xut bn (nu t chc thm nh ph duyt) trn trang Web CMMI ca SEI: ng kt qu thm nh SCAMPI . SCAMPI cng h tr vic tin hnh cc tiu chun ISO / IEC 15504 , cn c gi lSpice (qu trnh ci thin phn mm v xc nh nng lc), nh gi. t c CMMI tun th

Cch tip cn truyn thng t chc thng p dng t c s tun th vi cc m hnh CMMI lin quan n vic thnh lp mt Nhm Quy Trnh (EPG) v T Hnh ng Process (Pats) Cch tip cn ny yu cu cc thnh vin ca EPG v Pats c o to v CMMI, thm nh (SCAMPI C) chnh thc c thc hin, v rng khu vc qu trnh c u tin ci thin. Phng php tip cn hin i hn c lin quan n vic trin khai, tun th quy trnh CMMI-thng mi, c th lm gim ng k thi gian t c s tun th. SEI duy tr s liu thng k v thi gian di chuyn "cho cc t chc thng qua phn mm CMM trc y cng nh CMMI. Nhng s liu thng k cho thy, t nm 1987, thi gian trung bnh di chuyn t Level 1 Level 2 l 23 thng, v t Level 2 Level 3 thm 20 thng. Cc thng k ny khng c cp nht cho CMMI. Phn mm (SEI) ca Vin Cng Ngh Phn Mm Nhm Quy trnh phng php v s dng cc m hnh CMMI c th c s dng nng cao mc trng thnh. Mt sn phm mi c gi l Phng php ci thin tng tc (AIM) kt hp vic s dng CMMI v TSP.

You might also like