Vin Cng Ngh Sinh Hc V Thc Phm

Lp: NCTP5A Nhm: 02 GV: Nguyn Th Trang

Nhm: 02 1. T Hng Ngc 2. Hong Ngc Minh Chu 3. Th Ha 4. L Th Hng Giu 5. Ng M Nhn 6. Nguyn Thu Tho

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Ni dung chnh gm: GII THIU II- CHUN B GING TO SINH KHI 2.1. Phn lp ging Vi Sinh Vt Chng nm mc Aspergillus Oryzae. 2.1.1. Vai tr ca ging trong cng ngh enzyme. 2.1.2. Yu cu ging Vi Sinh Vt trong cng nghip enzyme. 2.1.3. Gii thiu v chng nm mc Aspergillus oryzae.

2.1.4. Qu trnh phn lp ging Vi Sinh Vt. a. Phn lp ging trong iu kin t nhin. b. Phn lp ging trong iu kin sn xut. c. Phn lp ging trong mu ging h hng. 2.2. Gii thiu phng php phn lp nm mc Aspergillus Oryzae

III: CNG NGH LN MEN TO ENZYME PROTEASE 3.1. Gii thiu v phng php ln men b mt a. Mi trng lng. b.Mi trng c. 3.2. Sn xut nm mc ging nui cy to sinh khi. 3.2.1. Mi trng cho sn xut mc ging: 3.2.2. Chun b mc ging. 3.2.3. Nui cy to sinh khi .

3.3. Thu nhn enzym protease t nm mc Aspergillus Oryzae. 3.3.1. Sinh trng v sinh tng hp protease t nm. 3.3.2.Qui trnh thu nhn enzyme protease. Thuyt minh qui trnh: Thu nhn sn phm: Trch ly: Qu trnh kt ta enzym protease: II. Kt lun

I. Gii Thiu S dng enzyme trong sn xut v i sng l mt vn c cc nh khoa hc v k thut ch { t lu. Ngy nay, vic s dng ny tr thnh ph bin nhiu nc v mang li li ch kinh t kh ln. Ngoi s enzyme a c s dng rng ri v lu i( amylaza, prtaza), cn c hng chc loi enzyme khc c nghin cu v p dng vo thc t.

II- CHUN B GING TO SINH KHI 2.1. Phn lp ging Vi Sinh Vt Chng nm mc Aspergillus Oryzae. - Qu trnh ln men l hot ng sng ca t bo Vi Sinh Vt trong mi trng. Qu trnh ny xy ra iu kin t nhin v qu trnh sn xut cng nghip. Bn cht ca 2 qu trnh ny c th ni l nh nhau nhng v mt hnh thc v phng din th khc nhau hon ton.

Vi sinh vt cng nghip.

ng dng ca Nm mc Aspergillus oryzae

2.1.1. Vai tr ca ging trong cng ngh enzyme. Trong cng ngh enzyme t VSV, ging ng vai tr quyt nh: - Ging VSV quyt nh n nng sut enzyme ca nh my. - Ging VSV quyt nh n cht lng sn phm sinh hc ( hay l hot tnh enzyme). - Ging VSV quyt nh vn u t cho sn xut. - V cui cng l ging VSV quyt nh n gi thnh sn phm. Nh vy, ging VSV c ngha to ln trong pht trin cng ngh VSV.

vai tr ca ion Hydronium trong phn ng xc tc ca cc enzym

Enzyme ti tng hp

2.1.2. Yu cu ging Vi Sinh Vt trong cng nghip enzyme. Cng ngh sn xut enzyme thuc nhm cng ngh ln men hin i v c sn xut theo quy m cng nghip. Do , ging VSV ng dng trong cng ngh enzyme cn phi c nhng yu cu v nhng chun mc nht nh. l:

- Ging VSV phi cho ra sn phm m ta mong mun. - Ging phi cho nng sut sinh hc cao. - Ging VSV phi c kh nng thch nghi nhanh v pht trin mnh trong iu kin sn xut cng nghip. - Ging VSV phi c kh nng ng ha cc nguyn liu r tin v d kim ti a phng ni nh my ang hot ng.

Cc vi sinh vt thng c s dng ln men l vi khun

Cng ngh di truyn, cngngh t bo, cng ngh enzym

- Ging s dng trong cc qu trnh sn xut hin i phi l nhng VSV thun khit, c tc sinh sn nhanh. - Tc trao i cht mnh to nhanh sn phm mong mun; d dng tch sn phm ra khi cc tp cht mi trng v sinh khi VSV ging. - Ging phi n nh trong bo qun v d dng bo qun. to thun li nht v chng ging VSV cung cp cho qu trnh ln men cng nghip, ta cn tin hnh phn lp ging VSV thun khit.

2.1.3. Gii thiu v chng nm mc Aspergillus oryzae.

Aspergillus oryzae

- Asp. oryzae l mt loi nm vi th thuc b Plectascales, lp Ascomycetes ( nang khun ). C th sinh trng ca n l mt h si bao gm nhng si rt mnh, chiu ngang 5-7 m, phn nhnh rt nhiu v c vch ngang , chia si thnh nhiu bao t bo ( nm a bo ).

- T nhng si nm ngang ny hnh thnh nhng si ng thng gi l cung nh bo t, c c quan sinh sn v tnh. Cung nh bo t ca Asp.oryzae thng di 1-2 mm nn c th nhn thy bng mt thng. Pha u cung nh bo t phng ln gi l bng.

-T bng ny phn chia thnh nhng t bo nh, thun, di, gi l nhng t bo hnh chai. u cc t bo hnh chai phn chia thnh nhng bo t nh vo nhau, nn gi l nh bo t. nh bo t ca Asp.oryzae c mu vng lc hay mu vng hoa cau

2.1.4. Qu trnh phn lp ging Vi Sinh Vt. - Thng thng phn lp mt ging chng VSV thu nhn enzyme th c 3 cch phn lp: + Phn lp ging trong iu kin t nhin + Phn lp ging trong iu kin sn xut + Phn lp ging trong mu ging h hng.

a. Phn lp ging trong iu kin t nhin. - Trong iu kin t nhin, VSV c th tn ti v thch nghi nhanh c th cn phi c kh nng sinh tng hp tht nhiu loi enzyme chuyn ha nhanh c cht c trong mi trng thnh vt cht cung cp cho t bo. iu ny th khng thch hp cho vic sinh tng hp enzyme ( quy m sn xut cng nghip ) vi mt loi enzyme tht s mnh.

cc vi khun c li cphn lp t cc loi vi khun c trong t nhien

trong mi iu kin nhm gia tng s lng sinh sn trong t nhin

b. Phn lp ging trong iu kin sn xut. - Mt t bo vi sinh vt trong iu kin sn xut (trong dch ln men, dch nc thi, cht thi ca qu trnh ln men) thng rt cao. Do , kh nng thu nhn c nhng chng c bn nng sinh tng hp cao thng rt cao.

Sn xut ging ca cao t vn cy u dng c cng nhn

Tuyn chn v sn xut mt sging hoa hng, hoa cc mi ph hp vi iu kin sn xut

c. Phn lp ging trong mu ging h hng. - Cc ng ging c th b nhim do qu trnh bo qun. Do b nhim, c th rt nhiu t bo VSV ging b thoi ho, nhng cng cn nhiu t bo khng b thoi ho. Vic phn lp li t ngun ging ny nhiu khi li t c nhng kt qu tt.

ging thanh long c lai to t ging thanh long rut

Ht ging

2.2. Gii thiu phng php phn lp nm mc Aspergillus Oryzae -Trong t c nhiu loi vi sinh vt c kh nng sinh tng hp enzyme protease. nm mc ngun c cht thch hp cho qu trnh sinh tng hp enzyme protease ny l protein. Chng ta c th phn lp t t, thc n hay c th mua trc tip t cung cp nm mc ging. u im ca vic ny l ging mua th thi gian bo qun v hiu sut cht lng ging c m bo chc chn. Tuy nhin, qu trnh phn lp ging ny c th cho nhng kt qu y th v v c ngha trong vic b sung mt chng ging mi ti phng th nghim.

III: CNG NGH LN MEN TO ENZYME PROTEASE 3.1. Gii thiu v phng php ln men b mt - Cui th k 19 u th k 20, vic nui cy VSV thng c thc hin theo phng php b mt. Phng php ny c pht trin rt rng ri, khng ch thu nhn ch phm enzyme m trc tin l phng php thu nhn khng sinh v mt s qu trnh ln men truyn thng.

3.1.1. u v nhc im ca phng php nui cy b mt. - u im ca phng php nui cy b mt l: + Nui cy b mt rt d thc hin. Quy trnh cng ngh thng khng phc tp. + Lng enzyme c to thnh t nui cy b mt thng cao hn rt nhiu so vi nui cy chm.

+ Ch phm enzyme th ( bao gm thnh phn mi trng sinh khi VSV, enzyme v nc ). +Nui cy b mt khng cn s dng nhiu thit b phc tp, do vic vn hnh cng ngh cng nh vic u t va n gin va khng tn km. +Trong trng hp b nhim cc VSV l, ta rt d dng x l{.

- Nhc im ln nht v d nhn thy nht l: Phng php ny tn kh ln din tch cho nui cy. Trong phng php ny VSV pht trin trn b mt mi trng ( mi trng lng hoc mi trng bn rn) nn rt cn nhiu din tch.

a. Mi trng lng. - mi trn lng, VSV s pht trin trn b mt mi trng, to thnh khun lc ngn cch pha lng ( mi trng ) v pha kh ( khng kh ). y, VSV s s dng cht dinh dng t dung dch mi trng, O2 t khng kh, tin hnh qu trnh tng hp enzyme. Enzyme ngoi bo s c tch ra t sinh khi v ha tan vo dung dch mi trng. Enzyme ni bo s nm trong sinh khi VSV.

b.Mi trng c. - Trong trng hp ny, VSV pht trin trn b mt mi trng, nhn cht dinh dng t ht mi trng v sinh tng hp ra enzyme ni bo v ngoi bo. Cc enzyme ngoi bo s thm thu vo trong cc ht mi trng, cn cc enzyme ni bo nm trong sinh khi VSV.

3.2. Sn xut nm mc ging nui cy to sinh khi. 3.2.1. Mi trng cho sn xut mc ging: - Dng mi trng tng hp Mi trng Benhamin. Bt ng 20g Glucose 10g Pepton 10g Cao Nm men 4g Nc 1000ml

3.2.2. Chun b mc ging. - Nui cy ging bao gm: - Trong ng thch nghing hay gi ging trong ng nghim.
- Trong bnh tam gic (nhn ging nh). - Trn sng, khay (nhn ging ln).

3.2.3. Nui cy to sinh khi . - Sau khi phn lp thnh cng trn mi trng chn lc t a petri cy chuyn nhng mc si sang (hay ly nm mc t ng ging) ng thch khc. Yu cu ng ging phi tuyt i m bo thun khit, khng c ln ln bt kz mt loi VSV no khc. Mi trng thch nghing phi m bo y dinh dng. - Tip tc nhn ging v nui cy cho n khi t c sinh khi theo mong mun.

3.3. Thu nhn enzym protease t nm mc Aspergillus Oryzae. 3.3.1. Sinh trng v sinh tng hp protease t nm. - Khi nui VSV to protease c 2 qu trnh lin quan mt thit vi nhau. Qu trnh tng hp sinh khi VSV v qu trnh tch t enzyme trong t bo hoc ngoi mi trng.