TNG HP CU HI HA SINH( c heo) NHM 5: AMINO ACID

1. Ti sao amino acid c gi l thit yu? N cung cp t u?

-V amino acid cn thit cho c th nhng c th khng t tng hp c.

- a.a c cung cp t thc n 2. Ngoi 20 loi a.a cn c loi no? Cho VD v vai tr ca n
- Cn c amoni acid phi protein + a.a t gp trong protein nh : 4 hydroxy proline ( dn xut ca collagen) , 5- hydoroxy lysine(dn xut ca Lysine) , 6-N- Methy Lysine, Gamma cacboxy glutamate + a.a khng gp trong protein: Ornithine , Citrulline.

3. C l g? a.a no khng c C-
- L cacbon c nhm cacbonxyl ( -COOH) v amine ( - NH2) gn vo cacbon v tr th gi cacbon l C - Khng c a.a l khng c C-

4. a.a thng tn ti dng D hay dng L? - a.a Trong t nhin thng tn ti dng L 5. Nhm R ca a.a quyt nh tnh cht g?
- Tnh phn cc - Kh nng ion ha - Tnh cht ha l kh nng phn ng ging cc nhm NH2 v COOH cui

6. V sao a.a c tnh lng cc

Trong phn t a.a c nhm cacboxyl ( -COOH) c kh nng nhng proton ( H+) th hin tnh acid. mt khc c nhm amine (-NH2) c kh nng nhn proton nn th hin tnh base.

7. pI l g? kim pI l g?

- tr so pH ma tai o amino acid trung hoa ien tch ( = 0) th goi o la iem ang ien (pI)

8. hy nu 6 loi protein phc tp

1. Gluco protein, 2. Phospho protein 3. Chromo protein , 4. Lipo protein 5. Nucleo Protein 6.

9. cu trc bc 1 protein th hin tnh cht g?

- Cu trc bc mt th hin tnh a dng v c th ca prtin qua s lng, thnh phn v trnh t sp xp ca cc axit amin.

10. Nu 2 dng cu trc bc 2 ph bin nht ca protein?

- dng xon , np gp

11. nh hng ca s sp xp a.a ln s n nh ca cu trc -helix? - Trnh t amino acid nh hng n tnh bn vng ca chui -helix 12. khi no protein c cu trc bc 3,4. nh ngha cu trc bc 3.4? - Khi cn thay i hot tnh sinh hc ph hp vi chc nng.
( xem thm: Cu trc bc 3: La chuoi polypeptide c vng cu trc xc nh thng, xon ,gp np sp xp li trong khng gian to thnh cu trc bc 3 ca phn t protein. Cu trc bc 4: chui polypeptide c cu trc bc 3 lin kt vi nhau bng cc lin kt phi peptide to nn cu trc bc 4 ca phn t protein.)

13. cc lin kt trong protein? vai tro ca cc lin kt ? bc 1: LK peptide bc 2: LK hydrogen bc 3: cc cu ni n nh cu trc bc 3 - ni tnh in - ni hydrogen - ni disulfide - ni k nc - lc ht Vander Waals bc 4 : - ni ester - Ni hydrogen - ni ion

- ni k nc ( to lp v ncn nh trng thi keo) cc lc lin kt yu gp phn n nh cu trc protein

Cu 14: A.a thay th ngi?

( xem thm 9 acid amin khng thay th c: Vanlise, leucin, isoleucin, treo nin, methionin, phenylalanin, tryptophan, ly sin, histidin.) Loi thay th c: (dispensable aminoacid) hay cn gi l acid amin khng thit yu (nonessential amino acid -NEAA): tc l loi acid amin m c th ng vt c th t tng hp c t cc nguyn liu sn c (cc acid bo, amiac,amid...). Nhm ny gm cc acid amin cn li. ( xem thm : Mt s acid amin khng c xp vo nhm khng th thay th hay nhm thay th m chng c xp vo nhm bn thay th (sm- dispensable) hay cn gi l bn thit yu (semi-essential). Thuc nhm ny c arginin, cystein, tyrosin. Arginin c coi l bn thay th i vi ln v arginin c th c tng hp t glutamin)

Cu hi trc nghim nhm 5: Cu 1: Albutmin l loi: 1/ Protein hnh cu 2/ Protein hnh si 3/ Protein vn chuyn 4/ To p sut keo 5/ Tan trong nc A.1, 3, 5 B.2, 3, 5 C.1, 3, 4 D.2, 3, 4 Cu 2: Protein m c l:( Mioglobinquan trng t c ( miozin 55%, actin, atimiozin.) A. Miozin B.Keratin

C.Glibulin D.Albumin Cu 3 : Protein n gin c th chia lm my loi : A.1 B.3 C.5 D.7 Cu 4: Dy no sau y gm cc amino acid thit yu cho c th : A.Histide, Valine, Proline, Tyrosin B.Lysin, Threonine, Proline, Tyrosin C.Histide, Valine, Leucin, Glycine D.Lysine, histide, Threonine, Leucine Cu 5 : Yu t no khng nh hng n n nh ca cu trc xon bc 2 : A.Tng tc tnh in B.Hnh dng mch bn C.Tng tc mch bn gia cc phn t amino acid D. tt c u sai Cu 6 : Nhm no sau y ch gm protein n gin :( ALBUMIN &
GLOBULIN(PROTAMINE VA HISTONE, PROLAMINE VA GLUTELINE, SCLEROPROTEIN,) phc tp ( Phosphoprotein : protein + cc gc P _Glucoprotein : protein + glucid _Lipoprotein : protein + lipid _Chromoprotein : protein + h/c hemin + kim lobi.c mu _Nucleoprotein : protein + nucleic acid)

A.Histon, Albumin, Glycoprotein B.Histon, Prolamine, LipoProtein

C.Albumin, Prolamine , metaloprotein D.Albumin, Prolamine, Glutelin

Cu 7 : Trong cc loi xon alpha sau, loi no ph bin nht

(Ngoi cu trc xon anpha,cn c mt s cu trc xon khc t gp hn nh cu trc xon

anpha pi v xon gamma c 4,4 v 5,2 gc aminoaxit trong mt vng xon hoc cu trc 3(10) l mt dng xon anpha vi 3 gc aminoaxit trong 1 vng.)

A.Xon 2,27 B.Xon 310 C.Xon 3,613 D. xon 4,416

Nhm 6 : Qu trnh phn r protein( oxi ha)

1. khi no qu trnh amoni acid din ra ? - trong qu trnh tng hp v phn gii protein bnh thng - trong thc n giu m sinh ra lng amoni acid d tha qu mc cn thit tng hp protein - khi c th b i v bnh nhn b bnh tiu ng 2. 2 amoni acid ng vai tr quan trng trong qu trnh trao i cht - Glutamate - Glutamine 3. vai tr ca bicacbonat trong h tiu ha ? - trung ha HCl c trong rut non v nng cao PH v trung tnh( SGK/257) 4. ti sao enzyme trong h tiu ha thng dng tin hot ng ? bao gm cc loi enzyme no ? - Vic tng hp cc tin enzyme protease dng khng hot ng l cn thit bo v t bo tuyn ty khng b chnh protease do n to ra ph hy.

- gm cc enzyme : trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen,procarbonxypeptidase. 5. Pyridoxal phosphate( l 1 dng bin i ca pyridoxine) bin thnh dng pyridoxamine phosphate c trong vitamine no? Vai tr ca n? Vitamine B6 lm coenzyme trong qu trnh vn chuyn - NH2 ti glutamate 6. Cc a.a ko tham gia vo qu trnh bin i thnh alpha keto glutarmate?

theonin v lysin ng chuyn alpha ketoglutarate --> L-glutamate

7. C ch Ping Pong

8. Khi gan b tn thng s xy ra hin tng g? Glutamine v glutamate, ci no i qua dc mng tb?

- Khi gan b tn thng s gii phng aminotransferase vo huyt thanh. - Glutamine ( l cht ko c ,khng mang in)
9. Alanine transferase c vai tr g?

ALT l mt men xc tc phn ng chuyn nhm amine, chuyn nhm amine t Alanine sang alpha-ketoglutarate to thnh sn phm Glutamate v Pyruvate

10.Khi nng NH3 cao iu g s xy ra? N dc o thi chim, ng vt b st theo c ch no

-

NH3 tch tu trong mo bao -> roi loan can bang acidbase-> trung oc kiem -> anh hng he than kinh ->te liet, hon me, co the dan en t vong.
Chim v b st : chu trnh uric acid V sng trong nc: bi tit trc tip NH3 vo mi trng xung quanh. V trn cn: chu trnh Ure

11. Ai l ngi tm ra chu trinh urea u tin, urea c bao nhiu gc N

12. -

Kreps v hc tr ca ng l Henseleit vo nm 1932 C 4 gc N Cacbonyl phosphate synthetase ng vai tr g? E iu ha n? ng vai tr iu ha

13.Chu trnh urea din ra khi no, u, gm nhng enzyme no? - chu trnh ure din ra khi c th loi b NH3 - t bo cht - enzyme : carbamyl phosphate synthetase, ornithine carbamyl transferase (OCT),
argino-succinate synthetase, argino-succinase (ligase), arginase

15. Chu trnh Krebs kp l g? phn ng ca 2 chu trnh ure v citric acid an xen nhau nn gi l chu trnh Kreps kp. 16.Nguyn liu chuyn ha oxy ha amoni acid so vi glucose v lipid l bao nhiu? 17. 3 coenzyme tham gia qu trnh chuyn ha carbon? - biotin , tetrahydrofolate, S- adenosine methionine 18. cc amoni acid phn r chuyn ha khung carbon thnh cht no? - 10 amoni acid phn r ti acetyl CoA - 5 amino acid phn r bin i v - ketoglutarat - 4 amino acid bin i v succinyl CoA. 19. amoni acid mch nhnh phn r u?

- m m, m c, thn v no b. Cu hi trc nghim 1. chn cht ph hp in vo ch trng : Arginin. 2. GOT l tn vit tt ca enzyme mang tn Glutamine Oxaloacetat Transaminane 3. cc enzyme c mt trong chu trnh URE: carbamol phosphat synthetase I, Ornithin Transcarbamylase, Arginosuccinat synthetase, Arginosuccinase Lyase, Arginase. 4. Glutamin ti gan c : phn hy ra NH3 v tng hp thnh URE 5. ng vt sng trn cn cn c gi l: Ureotelic 6. Vic chuyn nhm NH2 t amoni acid sang - ketoglutarate c xc tc bi enzyme : Transaminase, Amonitransferase 7. trong phn ng 1 ca chu trnh URE phn ng c xc tc bi enzyme: Cacbamoyl phosphate synthase I 8. Qu trnh phn r Phenyllaline gy ra bnh g? : bnh phenylketone niu 9. 4 amoni acid bin i v succinyl CoA l? Methionine, IsoLeucine, Threonine, Valine 10. Nguyn nhn dn n bnh alkapto niu? chc nng ca enzyme homogentisate-1,2-dioxygenase xc tc bin i homogentisate thnh maleylacetoacetate.

Nhm 7:
1. 2. 3. Glycosyl ha din ra u? Golgi SRP l protein g? SRP l mt ribonucleoprotein trong t bo cht DNA ti th m ha cho cc loi protein no? rRNA, tRNA, mRNA cho 1 s protein tham ra vo vic oxy ha phosphoryl ha.

4. 5. 6. -

Interferon c phi l Glycoprotein khng? C Cht c ch dch m thng dng khng khng sinh Puromycine Poliribosome l g? Tng hp cc riosome ni vi nhau bi mRNA gi l polyribosome hay polysome. 7. c bao nhiu codon tRNA tham ra vo qu trnh tng hp protein? - L thuyt l 61 cn thc t th t hn. 8. Ribosome Prokaryote v Eukaryote khc nhau nh th no ? - Prokaryote 70S ribosome = 50S(tiu phn ln) +30S(tiu phn nh) - Prokaryote 80S ribosome = 60S(tp ln) +40S( tp nh) 9. Triptophan l tin cht tng hp nhng cht g ? - l tin cht to nhm kch thch t thc vt auxin. 10. Glysine l tin cht tng hp 1 hp cht thc vt l g ? 11. Glysine l Peptidoglycan c cu to t bi loi a.a no ? - tin cht tp porphyrin 12. polyamine tham ra vo cu trc g ? - polyamine tham ra vo cu trc khi vi DNA . 13. Khi b d ng kch thch h tiu ha l do amino acid no ? - Histamine - Lisine, Alanine, Glycine, Glutamate, Homoserine,
14.Ornithine tham gia vo qu trnh tng hp Protein no ? Thng qua qu trnh no - Arinine thng qua qu trnh ure 15.Glutamine amino tranferase hot ng nh th no ? - enzyme ny c 2 vng hot ng tch ri nhau: vng gn Glutamine c nhim v tch v chuyn nhm amide sang vng th 2 l vng gn NH3. NH3 dng amine NH2 hoc amide =NH s c ghp vo c cht nhn.

phc trn s phn r thnh glutamate, amino acid mi c to thnh v enzyme t do sn sng tham ra vng xc tc mi. 16. Nitrogenase khng bn khi c Oxi,cc sinh vt s thch nghi nh th no? - vi khun t do c nh m ch th hin hot tnh iu kin ym kh - vi khun Lam th qu trnh c nh m ca n xy ra dch bo heterocyst c vaawch ngn khng cho oxygen xm nhp. - vi khun Rhizobium sng cng sinh trong r u nhn t r cy nng lng v c bo v tuyt i vi oxygen bi protein leghemoglobin ca cy ch.

Nhm 8: Tng quan v lipid (dng n phn v poly)

1. 2. Phn bit a. bo no v ko no acid bo mch thng v no (khng c lin kt i) acid bo khng no (c mt hoc nhiu lin kt i) Acid linoleic 18:2 (9.12)

18 Cacbon, 2 lin kt i v tr 9 v 12. 3. Lipid tp? - l lipid m thnh phn ngon C, H, O cn cha cc thnh phn

khc nh P, N, S Thuc nhm ny nhm phosphatid, sphingolipid,

sulfatid 4. Triacylglycerol, phospholipid, Spingolipid, Glycolipid? 5. Ch s a. bo?

6. -

S miligam KOH dng trung ha lng axit t do trong 1 gam cht bo gi l ch s axit ca cht bo Vai tr ca Lipid d tr nng lng cu to mng t bo dung mi ha tan vitamin Bo v c hc cung cp nc ni sinh

Nhm 9: PHN R ACID BO

1. Vai tr ca cht bo( ging vai tr ca lipid) 2. Chylomicrom

Chylomicrons cc ht lipoprotein bao gm cc cht bo trung tnh (85-92%), phospholipid (612%), cholesterol (1-3%) v protein (1-2%).

3. Hormone huy ng phn r triacylglycerol d tr? ATP to thnh ? - hormone epinephrine - Glucagon 4. Glycerol chuyn ha thnh cht g c mt trong qu trnh ng phn? Triacylglycerol -> glyceraldehid-3 phosphat
glycerol ca lipit chuyn ha thnh PGAL (phosphoglyceraldehyde) thnh pyruvate. 5. Acid bo di chuyn qua mng ti th dng no? - Acetyl CoA 6. Cht g vn chuyn Acetyl CoA

- Acyl CoA c vn chuyn t bo tng vo ti th nh cht vn chuyn carnitin

7. Vai tr ca CoA 8. Cng thc tnh nng lng chung cho acid bo no, khng no v l? - 17n -7 9. c bao nhiu phn t nc, acetyl coA to thnh trong qu trnh oxy ha Panmitic (16 C, no) - 1CoA, 146 H2O 10. Qua trnh - oxy ha l g? - l qu trnh oxy ha din ra C v tr

11. Qu trnh Beta oxy ha c g khc vi qu trnh oxi ha acid bo peroxisome v glyoxisome 1 l: - e-( peroxisome v glyoxisome) - oxygen H2O2O2+H2Onng lng ko tch ly di dng ATP m c gii phng di dng nhit e- qu trnh oxy ha O2.Nng lng c gii phng dng ATP 2 l: - qu trnh oxy ha thng ko bi oxy ha ngay m c chuyn ti t bo cht - sn phm ca qu trnh l acetyl CoA s oxy ha tip thng qua chu trnh acid nitric cn peroxisome v glyoxisome th c a ra ngoi t bo cht. 12. Enoy CoA hydratase khng tc ng ln dng no?

- Oxy ha cht bo cha bo ha ( Palmitic) do thnh phn cu to khng c lin kt i. 13. Nng Glucose nh hng nh th no ti qu trnh oxy ha acid bo? - lm gim qu trnh beta oxy ha ni chung. 14. Khi no t bo sinh ketone, u nhc im?
Khi nng oxalo acetate thp u: keton c hnh thnh gan v vn chuyn ti cc m c quan khc lm ngun cung cp nng lng. Nhc: s to d tha keton s dn n cc biu hin bnh l trm trng

Nhm 10: Phn r Lipid

1. protein mang nhm acyl k hiu l g? (hay protein tham ra vo phc tng hp cht bo l?) - ACP ( acyl carrier protein) 2. 3. 4. 5. -

ngi, acetyl- CoA tch ly nhiu s dc chuyn thnh g?

Acid bo hoc Triacyl glyxerol Acid bo c tng hp t cc bc ko di phn t no? Acetyl CoA CoA to thnh t phn t g? bicarbonat Qu trnh hnh thnh Malonyl nh enzyme no? enzyme Acyl CoA carboxylase

6.Gn acetyl-CoA vo ACP to thnh phn t no? - Acyl ACP 7. ng vt c v phc enzyme tng hp acid bo ch c u? - t bo cht 8. trnh s tiu ph v ch, vic tng hp a.bo dc iu ha ntn? - malonyl CoA lp tc qu trnh Oxy ha 9. Glyxerol c tng hp trong qu trnh no? - ng phn 10. Hormone no kch thch tng hp Triacyl Glycerol?

- hormone insulin 11. cholesterol c u? - mui mt v mng sinh hc 12. vai tr ca gan trong iu ha cht bo? - cung cp gluco cho cc qu trnh khc, iu ha lng ng trong mu
tng hp gluco t malate.

13. no c s dng nng lng t acid bo ko? m n s dng ch yu u? - c nhng ch yu gluco