TRNG H CNG NGHIP THC PHM TP.

H CH MINH KHOA CNG NGH THC PHM

ti:

SY BC X
GV:PHAN TH HNG LIN Nhm: Bo co ngy 29-5.

Hunh Minh Trung (3005100860) Nguyn Vn V(3005100924) Nguyn Hiu Trung(3005100864)

Khi Nim Sy Bc X

Bn cht v mc ch ca sy

Cc phng php sy bng bc x

Bin i nguyn liu

Sy bc x: l phng php sy dng tia bc x chiu vo i tng cn lm kh. Ngun bc x thng dng: n hng ngoi, in tr, cht lng hay kh, tm kim loi t nng ti nhit nht nh vt nng pht ra bc x hng ngoi. Ngoi ra sy bng bc x cng c da trn s hp th nng lng bc x mt tri v chuyn i thnh nng lng nhit ca nguyn liu sy. Phi nng l mt v d v sy bng bc x. Sy bng bc x cng c th c thc hin vi cc my bc x hng ngoi c bit, nh l cc n hng ngoi. S di chuyn v bc hi ca m xy ra do s chnh lch nhit v p sut hi nc gia ht v khng kh xung quanh.

Bn cht ca qu trnh sy
Bn cht: L s bc hi nc ca sn phm bng nhit bt k, l qu trnh khuch tn do chnh lch m b mt v bn trong vt liu

Mc ch ca qu trnh sy
Chun b: l s tch nc ngm tm cc dung dch, p hng. Sy cn gim khi lng sn phm chuyn ch Khai thc: tng hm lng cht kh, thng sy sn phm thc phm nh sy sa bt, bt ho tan, tr, caf, cc loi rau qu,

Mc ch ca qu trnh sy
Ch bin: sy tng gin, gi c cc tnh cht c trng ca sn phm. V d: sy rau qu, caf ho tan, v cc thc phm tiu dng khc nh xc xch, lp xng,.. Bo qun: sy n lng nc ti thiu hn ch s pht trin vi sinh vt bo qun thc phm lu hn Hon thin: sy kh nguyn liu trc khi dng b t, sy m bo mu sc v sng bng ca sn phm. vd: cc sn phm dng ht, tinh th, rn

Cc phng php sy bng bc x

Phi nng y l phng php li dng nng lng nh sng mt tri lm kh nguyn liu. Phi nng l phng php sy truyn thng ph bin nht. Hin nay, mt lng ln ht v cc mt s loi nng sn khc vn c sy bi nh nng mt tri cc nc ang pht trin. lm kh, nguyn liu c tri ra trn mt t hay trn cc mt phng, tm phng ri di nh nng mt tri. C nh th, nhit t nh sng mt tri s t nng nguyn liu v lm cho nc trong nguyn liu bc hi v t n m cn thit. Hiu qu ca qu trnh phi nng ph thuc vo nhit v m tng i ca khng kh, tc gi, loi v iu kin ca nguyn liu

* u im - Phng php sy bc x c cng bay hi m ln hn vi ln so vi sy i lu v tip xc v ngun nhit c th chn rt cao (500-6000C) nhit ti vt sy c th ti 22500kcal/m2h - Khng cn dng n nhin liu hoc nng lng cho cc my sy. - Thc hin n gin, r tin. - Kh nng sng ca ht c m bo do qu trnh phi thc y qu trnh chn sinh l ca ht. - Hot ng ca vi sinh vt v s ph hoi ca cn trng, su mt c lm gim do tc dng ca bc x mt tri. - Gii quyt c vn lao ng. - Khng gy nhim.

 Nhc im

- Khng ch ng, hon ton ph thuc vo thi tit. - Khng thc hin c lin tc hoc trong sut c nm. - Tn tht ln do s gy v, chim, chut hay ln t ct v d b m khi tri ma - Cn phi c nhng dng c hay xy dng nhng sn phi c bit. - Khng ph hp cho vic s dng vi mt lng ln nguyn liu c thu hoch trong mt thi gian ngn. - Tn nhiu cng lao ng v khng c gii ha c

Phng php bng tia phng x

Nhng tia phng x c s dng trong sy thc phm Tia hng ngoi Tia t ngoi Cc loi ion: in t nng lng cao, tia X, tia gamma

Sy bc x hng ngoi:
Sy bc x hng ngoi l phng php sy vt liu m bng ngun nhit hng ngoi. Nng lng cc tia hng ngoi xuyn vo v hp th trong th tch vt liu lm thay i trng nhit . Tia hng ngoi c bc sng 0.76 340m pht tia bc x m vt liu m c kh nng hp th nhiu, nhng vic chn ngun bc x sy cn lin h n c tnh quang ph hc ca vt liu m v cc yu cu cng ngh x l vt liu. Khi vt liu qu m th kh nng phn x ca cc tia c th mnh hn kh nng hp th th phi thay i khong bc sng cho thch hp

C ch truyn nhit trong bc x hng ngoi.

t nng bng bc x hng ngoi l s truyn nhit nng theo dng ca sng in t. Khi chiu bc x hng ngoi vo mt i tng no th n c th hp th hay phn x li vi mt bc sng khc, khi i tng hp th bc x th n s b nng ln. Nhit bc x hng ngoi theo di thay i theo hiu qu pht bc x ca ngun, bc sng v tnh phn x ca i tng, nh vo c tnh ny m ngi ta c th s dng nhit bc x c hiu qu hn trong nhng ng dng nht nh. Hiu qu pht bc x ph thuc vo vt liu ca ngun nhit, v c bn th hiu qu ny l t l gia nng lng pht x v nng lng hp th, cn c mt s yu t khc cng nh hng n hiu sut pht x. Mt yu t na l gi tr pht x ca ngun da vo mc en ca vt vt en tuyt i c mc pht x l 1.0, nu vt pht x l gm th c th t trn 0.9

Trong ph in t vng hng ngoi c chia thnh 3 khong bc sng khc nhau l: sng ngn, sng trung v sng di. Sng ngn ( gn ) t 0.72 -2 m tng ng vi nhit 7000 -21500F. Sng trung ( trung bnh) t 2 -4m tng ng vi nhit 2150- 8450F. Sng di (xa) t 4 -1000 m tng ng vi nhit 32 - < 8450F. Khong bc sng hu ch cho nhng ng dng ca nhit bc x l t 1.17- 5.4 m tng ng vi nhit 4005000F. ng vi khong bc sng ny th a s cc vt liu s b t nng v kh i v s hp th t n cc i. Bc sng t l nghch vi nhit tc l bc sng cng di th nhit cng thp.

C ch sy kh bng bc x hng ngoi.

Vt liu sy kh trong cng nghip thc phm thng c cu to ch yu bi cc cht hu c v nc,quang ph hp th nng lng bc x ca nc v cc cht hu c l khc nhau. mi bc sng nht nh, cht hu c s tr thnh vt trong sut nu khng hp th nng lng bc x hng ngoi m nc s tr thnh vt en nu hp th nng lng bc x hng ngoi ti a. Do khi chiu hng ngoi c bc sng nm trong khong 2.5- 3.5 m tng ng vi bc sng m nc c th hp th ti a nng lng bc x. Kt qu l cc phn t nc s dao ng mnh to ma st v sinh nhit rt ln

Tnh u vit ca cng ngh sy bc x hng ngoi. Cng ngh sy bc x hng ngoi l cng ngh mi v c nhng u im sau: Sn phm thu c trong qu trnh sy kh bng bc x hng ngoi khng b tn tht v cht lng, mi v, hm lng cc vitamin c bo ton ng thi sn phm li c bo m v mt v sinh thc phm tt. Cng ngh sy bc x gm hng ngoi cho php tit kim c thi gian ln nng lng. Phng php ny hon ton khng gy nguy him v s dng ha cht, cht c, qun tnh dit thp.

Mu sc, mi v, cc vitamin c m bo khng b tht thot trong qu trnh bo qun sn phm. Cng ngh sy bc x gm hng ngoi c ngha kinh t x hi to ln v tnh thit thc cao, c ng dng trong nhiu lnh vc nh nng nghip, sy cc loi ht, rau qu, ht ging bo qun v gieo trng. Nht l, trong lnh vc ch bin thy sn cng ngh sy ny c ng dng sy c, mc, tm, cc sn phm thy sn c gi tr cao khc.

Nhit v m lp st b mt vt l cng chiu, do tng cng tc khuch tn ni dn ti tc sy tng, trnh c qu nhit cc b v lm chai b mt sn phm trong qu trnh sy. Bc x hng ngoi l mt phng php gia nhit sch s, an ton, v hi i vi ngi v mi trng. D dng iu khin theo khu vc hiu sut s dng nhit cao. Chi ph vn hnh lp t thp, khng tn din tch mt bng. c bit bc x hng ngoi c kh nng tiu dit cn trng, vi sinh vt c hi ngay c nhit thp

Thit b sy hng ngoi

Mt s schematic ca hi nc kt hp qu nhit p sut thp v bc x hng ngoi ca h thng sy kh: (1) ni hi, (2) van hi, (3) h cha hi nc, (4) o p lc (5), by hi, (6 ) iu chnh hi nc, (7) bung sy, (8) my bm chn khng, (9) hng ngoi tn nhit, qut in (10), (11) hi nc u vo v phn phi, (12) mu ch, (13) cp nhit in, (14) ti t bo, (15) chn khng break-van, (16) b iu khin PID, (17) my tnh vi dataacquisition card, (18) in heater.

Bin i nguyn liu

Bin i v khi lng. Trong qu trnh sy kh do mt nc nn t chc c tht co rt cht ch hn, nhng s bin i ty thuc vo nguyn liu sy, khi nguyn liu sy bng khng kh nng v qu trnh lm kh chm nn sy c th t chc c tht ca chng co rt li nhiu, cu trc c tht cht ch kh nng rt nc phc hi km, lm cho khi lng ca c gim xung. Khi lng ca sn phm gim xung ng bng khi lng ca nc mt i nhng thc t li nh hn do c s tht thot trong qu trnh sy v trong qu trnh lm kh sn phm b xi ha lm cho khi lng tng cht t, nht l i vi sn phm.

Bin i v mu sc, mi v
Trong qu trnh sy kh nguyn liu b mt nc co rt, b xi ha hoc cc sc t b kh, iu ny l do qu trnh pht trin ca vi sinh vt gy nn lm mu sc mi v ca sn phm cng bin i, sn phm s c mu sm hn v mi tanh tng ln. Phng php sy bc x kt hp vi sy lnh mu sc v mi v ca c l tt nht, sn phm c mu sng, mi thm c trng.

Bin i v th tch. Trong qu trnh sy do mt nc lm cho nguyn liu co rt li lm gim th tch, mc co rt ty thuc vo phng php sy. Theo l thuyt th tch ca nguyn liu gim i ng bng th tch nc mt i nhng thc t li nh hn do kt cu t chc c tht ca c. Ngoi ra cn nhng bin i khc nh: Bin i v t chc c tht, S bin i v ha hc,S bin i ca lipit, S bin i ca protein, S bin i thnh phn cht ngm ra...

Ti Liu Tham Kho

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