1

S GD & T B C LIU K THI CH N HSG L P 12 VNG TR NG

TR NG THPT NGAN D A Nm h c : 2009-2010
thi (G m 02 trang)
Mn thi : Ha h c
Th i gian lm bi : 180 pht ( khng k th i gian giao )

Cu I: (4 i m)
1. (1,5 i m) Hai nguyn t A v B hai phn nhm chnh lin ti p c a b ng tu n
hon. B thu c nhm V . tr ng thi n ch t trong i u ki n th ng A v B khng ph n
ng v i nhau. T ng s h t nhn trong hai nguyn t A v B l 23.
a> Xc nh tn nguyn t v vi t c u hnh electron c a A v B .
b> Vi t cng th c c u t o c a AO
2
v cho bi t ki u lai ho, gc lin k t OAO
trong AO
2
.
2. (1,5 i m) Hon thnh cc ph ng trnh ph n ng sau :
a> Al + HNO
3
+ N
2
O + NO +
Bi t h n h p kh N
2
O v NO c t kh i so v i kh hiro l 16,75
b> FeO + HNO
3
N
x
O
y
+
c> As
2
S
3
+ H
+
+ NO
3
-
NO +
3. (1,0 i m)
a, M t phi kim R c eletron cu i cng ng v i 4 s l ng t c t ng i s b ng 2,5. Hy
xc nh R, c u hnh electron v v tr c a R trong b ng tu n hon.
Qui c: m
l
= +l, ..., 0, ..., -l v electron u tin c a m t obitan c m
s
= +
2
1
.
b, Nguyn t c a nguyn t A c c u hnh electron l: [Kh hi m] (n 1)d
o
ns
1
. Xc nh
c u hnh electron c th c c a A. T , cho bi t v tr c a A trong b ng tu n hon.
Cu II: (4 i m)
1. (1,75 i m) Th no l s lai ha cc obitan nguyn t ? Cho bi t tr ng thi lai
ha c a nguyn t trung tm v d ng hnh h c c a phn t v ion sau : NH
4
+
, PCl
5
, SF
6
,
BF
3
, CH
4
v BeH
2
.
2. (1,25 i m) Cng th c n gi n nh t c a m t axit h u c X l (CHO)
n
. Khi t
chy 1 mol X thu c d i 6 mol CO
2
. Hy bi n lu n tm cng th c phn t v vi t
cng th c c u t o cc ng phn axit c a X .
3. (1 i m) Vi t cc ph ng trnh ph n ng xy ra khi ta cho:
a) Ca d +dd Na
2
CO
3
b) Na d + dd AlCl
3
c) dd Ba(HCO
3
)
2
+ dd NaHSO
4
d) dd NaAlO
2
+ dd NH
4
Cl
Cu III: (4 i m)
1. (1 i m) Hy x p x p cc ch t sau y
a> Theo th t tng d n tnh axit: CH
3
COOH, C
2
H
5
OH, Cl
2
CHCOOH, ClCH
2
COOH.
2
b> Theo th t tng d n tnh baz : CH
3
NH
2
, NaOH, C
2
H
5
ONa, H
2
O
2. (1,5 i m) C h n h p Na, Ba, Mg. B ng ph ng php ha h c hy tch ring
cc kim lo i ra kh i h n h p (kh i l ng m i kim lo i v n c b o ton).
3. (1,5 i m) Ha tan hon ton 1,62 gam nhm trong 280 ml dung dch HNO
3
1M c dung dch A v kh NO (s n ph m kh duy nh t). M t khc, cho 7,35 gam hai
kim lo i ki m thu c hai chu k lin ti p vo 500ml dung dch HCl, c dung dch B v
2,8 lt kh H
2
(ktc). Khi tr n dung dch A vo dung dch B th y t o thnh 1,56 gam k t
t a.
a. Xc nh tn 2 kim lo i ki m.
b. Tnh n ng mol/lt c a dung dch HCl dng.
Cu IV: (4 i m)
1. (2 i m) Cho 19,8g m t h p ch t h u c A n ch c ph n ng v a v i dung
dch NaOH. Sau ph n ng c c n thu c 26 gam h n h p hai mu i h u c . Xc nh
cng th c c u t o c a A v g i tn A, vi t cc ph ng trnh ph n ng i u ch A t CH
4
v cc ch t v c c n thi t.
2. (1 i m) Tnh kh i lu ng xenluloz v kh i l ng HNO
3
c n s n xu t 1 t n
xenluloz trinitrat, bi t s hao h t trong s n xu t l 12%.
3. (1 i m) Tnh PH c a dung dch CH
3
COOH 0,1M sau khi thm CH
3
COONa
n n ng 0,1M. Bi t r ng Ka = 1,8.10
-5
.
Cu V: (4 i m)
1. (2 i m) Cho hidrocacbon X tc d ng v i dung dch brom d c d n xu t
tetrabrom ch a 75,8% brom (theo kh i l ng). Khi c ng brom (1:1) thu c c p ng
phn cis-trans.
a) Xc nh cng th c phn t , cng th c c u t o v g i tn c a X.
b) Vi t ph ng trnh c a X v i :
- Dung dch KMnO
4
(trong mi tr ng H
2
SO
4
)
- Dung dch AgNO
3
/NH
3
- H
2
O (xc tc Hg
2+
/H
+
)
- HBr theo t l 1:2
2. (2 i m) Cation Fe
3+
l axit, ph n ng v i n c theo ph ng trnh :
Fe
3+
+ H
2
O Fe(OH)
2+
+ H
3
O
+
, Ka = 10
-2,2
H i n ng no c a FeCl
3
th b t u c k t t a Fe(OH)
3
. Tnh pH c a dung dch
. Bi t r ng T
Fe(OH)3
= 10
-38
-----H t------
3
S GD & T B C LIU K THI CH N HSG L P 12 VNG T NH
Nm h c : 2008-2009
thi xu t
(G m 02 trang)
Mn thi : Ha h c
Th i gian lm bi : 180 pht ( khng k th i gian giao )
H NG D N CH M
N i dung i m
Cu I: ( 4 i m)
1.
a> B thu c phn nhm chnh nhm V => A thu c phn nhm chnh nhm IV ho c
phn nhm chnh nhm VI.
N u A, B cng m t chu k th : Z
A
+ Z
B
= 2Z
A
+ 1 = 23 => Z
a
= 11, Z
B
=12 (lo i)
N u A, B thu c chu k l n th: Z
A
+ Z
B
> 23 (lo i).
V y A, B thu c chu k nh . M B thu c phn nhm chnh nhm V nn B c th
l N ho c P.
N u B l N (Z=7) th A l S (Z=16) tho mn.
N u B l P (Z=15) th A l O (Z=8) lo i v P tc d ng v i O
2
.
C u hnh electron : N(Z=7) : 1s
2
2s
2
2p
3
; S(Z=16) : 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
4
b>
- Cng th c c u t o c a SO
2
:
- Lai ho trong SO
2
l lai ho sp
2
(t ng s ph i t + s c p e ch a lin k t =3) nn gc
lin k t OSO g n b ng 120
0
.
2.
a) 17Al + 66HNO
3
17Al(NO)
3
+ 3N
2
O + 9NO + 33H
2
O
b) FeO + HNO
3
N
x
O
y
+
c) As
2
S
3
+ H
+
+ NO
3
-
NO +
3.
1. a, R l phi kim khc H, He l = 1 m
l
= +1, 0, -1 v n / 2 c 3 tr ng h p c nghi m
ph h p.
n = 2, L = 1, m
L
= 0, m
s
= -
2
1
2p
5
flo (F)
n = 2, L = 1, m
L
= -1, m
s
= +
2
1
2p
3
nit (N)
n = 3, L = 1, m
L
= -1, m
s
= -
2
1
3p
6
agon (Ar)
* Xc nh c u hnh electron v v tr c a R trong b ng tu n hon:
F: 1s
2
2s
2
2p
5
s 9, chu k 2, nhm VII
A
.
N:1s
2
2s
2
2p
3
s 7, chu k 2, nhm V
A
.
Ar: 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
s 18, chu k 3, nhm VIII
A
.
b, C u hnh electron c a A: [Kh hi m] (n -1)d
o
ns
1
l:
* V i o = 0 c u hnh electron c a A: [Kh hi m] ns
1
c u hnh cc nguyn t kim lo i
0,25
0,25
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,5
4
ki m nhm I
A
.
* V i o = 5 c u hnh electron c a A: [Kh hi m] (n -1)d
5
ns
1
c u hnh cc nguyn t
nhm VI
B
(Cr, Mo, W).
* V i o = 10 c u hnh electron c a A: [Kh hi m] (n -1)d
10
ns
1
c u hnh cc nguyn t
nhm I
B
(Cu, Ag, Au).
Cu II : ( 4 i m)
1. khi ni m
NH
4
+
, Nguyn t N lai ha sp
3
, d ng t di n u .
PCl
5
, Nguyn t P lai ha sp
3
d , d ng l ng thp y tam gic .
SF
6
, Nguyn t S lai ha sp
3
d
2
, d ng bt di n u .
BF
3
, Nguyn t B lai ha sp
3
, d ng t di n u .
CH
4
, Nguyn t C lai ha sp
3
, d ng t di n u .
BeH
2
. Nguyn t Be lai ha sp , d ng th ng hng .
2.
X: (CHO)
n
t chy t o CO
2
c s mol d i 6 => n < 6
V X l axit h u c nn s nguyn t O trong phn t ph i ch n .
V y n = 2 ho c n = 4
N u n = 2 => CTPT c a X l C
2
H
2
O
2
( lo i )
N u n = 4 => CTPT c a X l C
4
H
4
O
4
hay C
2
H
2
(COOH)
2
CTCT c a X l : HOOC-CH=CH=COOH (I)
hay
CH
2
=C
COOH
COOH
(II)
(I) c ng phn cis-trans
C=C
H
COOH
H
HOOC
C=C
COOH
H
H
HOOC
Cis trans
3. Cc ph ng trnh ph n ng:
a) Ca + 2H
2
O Ca(OH)
2
+ H
2
; Ca(OH)
2
+ Na
2
CO
3
CaCO
3
+ 2 NaOH
b) 2Na + 2H
2
O 2NaOH + H
2
; 3NaOH + AlCl
3
Al(OH)
3
+ 3NaCl
N u NaOH cn: NaOH + Al(OH)
3
NaAlO
2
+ 2H
2
O
c) Ba(HCO
3
)
2
+ NaHSO
4
BaSO
4
+ NaHCO
3
+ H
2
O + CO
2
ho c: Ba(HCO
3
)
2
+ 2NaHSO
4
BaSO
4
+ Na
2
SO
4
+ 2H
2
O + 2CO
2
d) NaAlO
2
+ NH
4
Cl + H
2
O NaCl + Al(OH)
3
+ NH
3
Cu III.
1. S p x p cc ch t:
a> Theo th t tng d n tnh axit:C
2
H
5
OH, CH
3
COOH, ClCH
2
COOH, Cl
2
CHCOOH.
b> Theo th t tng d n tnh baz : H
2
O, CH
3
NH
2
, NaOH, C
2
H
5
ONa
2. Cho h n h p kim lo i vo n c d , sau khi ph n ng hon ton, l c l y ph n
khng tan ta c Mg.
2Na + 2H
2
O 2 NaOH + H
2
; Ba + 2H
2
O Ba(OH)
2
+ H
2
- Cho kh CO
2
s c vo dung dch n c l c trn n d , ti p t c un nng dung dch
0,5
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
0, 5
0, 5
0,5
5
h i lu, l c l y ph n k t t a BaCO
3
t o thnh.
NaOH + CO
2
NaHCO
3
; Ba(OH)
2
+ 2CO
2
Ba(HCO
3
)
2
;
Ba(HCO
3
)
2

0
t
BaCO
3
+ H
2
O + CO
2
- Ha tan BaCO
3
trong dung dch HCl, c c n dung dch thu l y mu i khan v em
i n phn nng ch y ta c Ba:
BaCO
3
+ 2HCl BaCl
2
+ H
2
O + CO
2
; BaCl
2

dpnc
Ba + Cl
2
- Dung dch cn l i cho tc d ng dung dch HCl d , c c n dung dch thu l y mu i
khan v em i n phn nng ch y ta c Na:
Na
2
CO
3
+ 2HCl 2NaCl + H
2
O + CO
2
;
2NaCl
dpnc
2Na + Cl
2
.
3: Ph ng trnh ph n ngAl + 4 HNO
3
Al(NO
3
)
3
+ NO + 2H
2
O (1)
2M + 2HCl 2MCl + H
2
(2)
2M + 2H
2
O 2MOH + H
2
(3)
Ban u: n (Al) = 0,06 mol ; n (HNO
3
) = 0,28 mol ;
Sau ph n ng HNO
3
cn d : n(HNO
3
d ) = 0,04 mol;
Khi cho h n h p 2 kim lo i ki m vo dung dch HCl th x y ra ph n ng (2) v c th
c (3):
Theo ptp : n (M) = n(H
2
) = 0,25 mol kh i l ng mol trung bnh c a 2 kim lo i:
M = 29,4
a) V 2 kim lo i ki m thu c 2 chu k lin ti p nn Na, K tha mn ( 23 < 29,4 < 39)
b) Khi tr n 2 dung dch A v B c k t t a t o ra ch ng t ban u c ph n ng (3),ta
c ph n ng:
HNO
3
+ MOH MNO
3
+ MNO
3
(4)
Al(NO
3
)
3
+ 3 MOH Al(OH)
3
+ 3 MNO
3
(5)
s mol k t t a: n Al(OH)
3
= 0,02 mol < n Al(NO
3
)
3
. Nn c 2 kh nng:
TH1: Al(NO
3
)
3
cn d n (MOH) = 0,04 + 0,02.3 = 0,1 mol n (M)p (2) = 0,25
0,1 = 0,15
n(HCl) = 0,15 mol C
M
(HCl) = 0,3M
TH2: MOH cn d , Al(OH)
3
tan tr l i m t ph n:
Al(OH)
3
+ MOH M AlO
2
+ 2H
2
O (6)
n Al(OH)
3
tan = 0,06 0,02 = 0,04. T cc pt (4,5,6) ta c: n (MOH) = 0,04 + 0,06.3
+ 0,04 = 0,26 mol ( lo i v l n h n s mol M ban u).
Cu IV: ( 4 i m)
1. (2 i m)
a> A ph n ng v i NaOH cho h n h p hai mu i nn A l ESTE c a phenol => cng
th c c a A c d ng: RCOOC
6
H
5.
PTP : O H ONa H C RCOONa 2NaOH H RCOOC
2 5 6
SO H
5 6
4 2
+ + +
G i s mol c a A tham gia ph n ng l x theo bi ra ta c:

= +
= +
26 ) 183 (
8 , 19 ) 121 (
R x
R x
gi i ra ta c

=
=
77
1 , 0
R
x
0,5
0,5
0,25
0,25
0,5
0,5
0,25
0,25
6

COOH CH
COO CH H
K
a
3
3
- +
=
V i g c R ho tr 1 ch c g c -C
6
H
5
l tho mn .
V y cng th c c a A l: C
6
H
5
COOC
6
H
5
Benzyl benzoat
b> i u ch A:
O H H COOC H C OH H C COOH H C
SO K COOH H 2C SO H COOK H 2C
O H KOH 2MnO COOK H C 2KMnO CH H C
2NaCl CH H C 2Na Cl CH Cl H C
HCl Cl CH Cl CH
NaCl OH H C NaOH Cl H C
HCl Cl H C Cl H C
H C H C
3H H C 2CH
2 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6
4 2 5 6 4 2 5 6
2 2 5 6 4 3 5 6
3 5 6 3 5 6
3
AS
2 4
5 6
P , t
5 6
5 6
Fe
2 6 6
6 6
C
2 2
2 2 2
LLN
4
0

+ +
+ +
+ + + +

+ + +
+ +
+ +

+ +

+
0
4 2
0
0
,
600 ,
, 1500
3
t SO H
C
C
2. ( 1i m )
C
6
H
7
O
2
(OH)
3

n
+ 3n HNO
3
C
6
H
7
O
2
(ONO
2
)
3

n
+ 3n H
2
O
Do hao h t 12% => H=88%
3) CH
3
COOH CH
3
COO
-
+ H
+
(1)
CH
3
COONa CH
3
COO
-
+ Na
+
(2) (0,25)
Khi cho thm CH
3
COONa vo dung dch CH
3
COOH t c l tng thm n ng CH
3
COO
-
,
cn b ng (1) s chuy n sang tri nn axit phn li km h n
CH
3
COOH CH
3
COO
-
+ H
+
[ ]
b u
0,1 0 0
Phn li x x x
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
0, 5
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
189n. 100
m
HNO3
= = 0,7231 t n
297n.88
162n. 100
M
xeluloz
= = 0,6198 t n
297n.88
7
5
10 . 8 , 1
) 1 , 0 (
x) x(0,1
-
=
-
+
=
x
K
a
Cn l i (0,1- x ) (0,1+x) x (0,5)
(0,5)
V x << 0,1 nn 0,1 x ~ 0,1
x
2
+ 0,1x = 1,8.10
-6
V x
2
c gi tr r t nh so v i 0,1x nn c th b qua gi tr x
2
Ta c ph ng trnh g n ng :
0,1x = 1,8.10
-6
x = 1,8.10
-5
pH = -lg [H
+
] = -lg (1,8.10
-5
)
= - lg 1,8 - lg10
-5
= 4,75
Cu V : ( 4i m)
1) ( 2 i m)
Hidrocacbon X: C
x
H
y
C
x
H
y
+ 2Br
2
C
x
H
y
Br
4
; theo gi thi t: %Br = 100 .
320 12
4 . 80
+ + y x
=75,8
12x + y = 102
Gi tr th a mn: x=8 , y=6. CTPT c a X: C
8
H
6
(A= 6).
V X c kh nng ph n ng v i brom thoe t l 1:1 v 1:2 ch ng t phn t X c 2
lin k t t km b n v 1 nhn th m.
CTCT c a X:
C CH
phenyl axetilen.
Ph ng trnh ph n ng:
5
C CH
+8KMnO
4
+ 12H
2
SO
4

COOH
+ 4K
2
SO
4
+ 8MnSO
4
+ 12H
2
O
C CH
+ AgNO
3
+ NH
3

C CAg
+ NH
4
NO
3
C CH
+ H
2
O
+ 2
Hg
C
O
CH
3
C CH
+ 2HBr
C CH
3
Br
Br
1) ( 2 i m)
pH= 1,8
C= 5,56.10
-2
M
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
1,0
1,0