BO CO N MN HC

GVHD: L QUC BO

CHNG I:

S LC V L THUYT THU PHT HNG NGOI - CU TO LINH KIN

I. KHI NIM V NH SNG HNG NGOI:

nh sng hng ngoi (tia hng ngoi) l nh sng khng th nhn thy c bng mt thng, c bc sng khong t 0.86m n 0.98m. Tia hng ngoi c vn tc truyn bng vn tc nh sng. Tia hng ngoi c th truyn i c nhiu knh tn hiu. N c ng dng rng ri trong cng nghip. Lng thng tin c th t 3 mega bit /s. Lng thng tin c truyn i vi nh sng hng ngoi ln gp nhiu ln so vi song in t m ngi ta vn dng. Tia hng ngoi d b hp th, kh nng xuyn thu km. Trong iu khin t xa bng tia hng ngoi, chm tia hng ngoi pht i hp, c hng, do khi thu phi ng hng. Sng hng ngoi c nhng c tnh quan trng ging nh nh sng ( s hi t qua thu knh, tiu c ). nh sng thng v nh sng hng ngoi khc nhau rt r trong s xuyn sut qua vt cht. C nhng vt cht ta thy n di mt mu xm c nhng vi nh sng hng ngoi n tr nn xuyn sut. V vt liu bn dn trong sut i vi nh sng hng ngoi, tia hng ngoi khng b yu i khi n vt qua cc lp bn dn i ra ngoi.

NHT NH

-7-

MSSV: 405T1022

BO CO N MN HC

GVHD: L QUC BO

II.

NGUYN L THU PHT HNG NGOI:

Vic s dng c tia hng ngoi rt hay v n ph bin v khng nh hng t trng, v th n c s dng tt trong truyn thng v iu khin. Nhng n khng hon ho, mt s vt pht hng ngoi rt mnh lm nh hng n truyn thng v iu khin nh quang ph mt tri. Kh khn khi s dng hng ngoi lm REMOTE iu khin TV/VCR hoc nhng ng dng khc v linh kin rt tn km. Vic thu hoc pht bc x hng ngoi bng nhiu phng tin khc nhau, c th nhn tia hng ngoi t nh sng mt tri. Nhiu th c th pht tia hng ngoi nh: l bc x, l in, n, c th ngi, c th truyn tia hng ngoi tt phi trnh xung nhiu bt buc phi dng m pht v nhn n nh xc nh xem l xung truyn hay nhiu. Tn s lm vic tt nht t 30 KHz n 60 KHz, nhng thng s dng khong 36 KHz. nh sng hng ngoi truyn 36 ln/1s khi truyn mc 0 hay mc . Dng tn s 36 KHz truyn tn hiu hng ngoi th d, nhng kh thu v gii m phi s dng b lc tn hiu ng ra l xung vung, nu ng ra c xung ngha l nhn c tn hiu ng vo.

NHT NH

-8-

MSSV: 405T1022

BO CO N MN HC

GVHD: L QUC BO

1. Phn pht: a) S khi:

b) Gii thch: Khi chn chc nng v khi m ha: Khi ngi s dng bm vo cc phm chc nng pht lnh yu cu ca mnh, m phm chc nng tng ng vi mt s thp phn. Mch m ha s chuyn i thnh m nh phn tng ng di dng m lnh tn hiu s gm cc bt 0 v 1. S bit trong m lnh nh phn c th l 4 bit hay 8 bit ty theo s lng cc phm chc nng nhiu hay t. Khi dao ng c iu kin: Khi nhn 1 phm chc nng th dng thi khi ng mch dao ng to xung ng h, tn s xung ng h xc nh thi gian chun ca mi bit. Khi cht d liu v khi chuyn i song song ra ni tip: M nh phn ti mch m ha s c cht a vo mch chuyn i d liu song song ra ni tip. Mch chuyn i d liu song song ra ni tip c iu khin bi xung ng h v mch nh thi nhm m bo kt thc ng lc vic chuyn i s bit ca mt m lnh.

NHT NH

-9-

MSSV: 405T1022

BO CO N MN HC

GVHD: L QUC BO

Khi iu ch v pht FM: m lnh di dng ni tip s c a qua mch iu ch v pht FM ghp m lnh vo sng mang c tn s 38Khz n 100Khz, nh sng mang cao tn tn hiu c truyn i xa hn, ngha l tng c ly pht. Khi thit b pht : l mt LED hng ngoi. Khi m lnh c gi tr bit =1 th LED pht hng ngoi trong khong thi gian T ca bit . Khi m lnh c gi tr bit=0 th LED khng sng. Do bn thu khng nhn c tn hiu xem nh bit = 0 . 2. Phn thu: a) S khi:

b) Gii thch: Khi thit b thu: Tia hng ngoi t phn pht c tip nhn bi LED thu hng ngoi hay cc linh kin quang khc. Khi khuch i v Tch sng: trc tin khuch i tnh hiu nhn ri a qua mch tch sng nhm trit tiu sng mang v tch ly d liu cn thit l m lnh. Khi chuyn i ni tip sang song song v Khi gii m: m lnh c a vo mch chuyn i ni tip sang song song v a tip qua khi gii m ra thnh s thp phn tng ng di dng mt xung kch ti ng ra tng ng kch m mch iu khin.

NHT NH

- 10 -

MSSV: 405T1022

BO CO N MN HC

GVHD: L QUC BO

Tn s sng mang cn c dng so pha vi tn s dao ng bn phn thu gip cho mch thu pht hot ng ng b, m bo cho mch tch sng v mch chuyn i ni tip sang song song hot ng chnh xc.

NHT NH

- 11 -

MSSV: 405T1022

BO CO N MN HC

GVHD: L QUC BO

III.

CU TO LINH KIN
* Tng quan IC LOGIC CMOS : a. Khi nim :

CMOS c vit tt t Complementary Metal-Oxide-Silicon . u tin, CMOS c nghin cu s dng trong k thut hng khng v tr . Vi cc c tnh nh khng b l thuc vo li in, min nhiu Ngy nay CMOS c s dng rng ri trong in t cng nghip, in t y khoa, k thut xe hi v k thut my tnh in t . b. Mt s c tnh quan trng : in p : CMOS c th hot ng t 3V n 15V . Tuy nhin vi in p nh hn 4.5V thi gian tr s gia tng (vn tc lm vic chm li ), tng tr ra cng ln hn v ng thi tnh chng nhiu s gim.Tuy nhin , vi in p ln 15V th cng c nhng bt li : + Cng sut tiu tn lc CMOS hot ng tng cao . + Vi nhng xung nhiu t ngun vt qu in p nh thng (20V) , to ra hiu ng SCR-latch_up v lm hng IC nu dng khng c hn ch t bn ngoi . Nu dng n p ln 15V th cn phi c in tr hn dng . Thi gian tr : in p cao th CMOS hot ng cng nhanh . Thi gian tr gia tng vi nhit v ti in dung . Tnh min nhiu : CMOS chng nhiu rt tt , thng l 45% in p cp : 2.25V vi in p 5V ; 4.5V vi in p 10V . Thi gian tr CMOS ng vai tr nh l mt b lc nhiu . Xung 10ns bin mt sau mt chui cc cng CMOS . V tnh cht c bit ny , CMOS c dung thit k cc mch in ca cc thit b cng nghip phi hot ng ng trong mi trng y nhiu in v in t . Vi in p cp +5V , CMOS vn lm vic bnh thng vi s mt n nh ca in p cp hay in p nhiu n 1V.
NHT NH - 12 MSSV: 405T1022

BO CO N MN HC

GVHD: L QUC BO

Giao tip vi H TTL : Vi in p 5V CMOS giao tip thng vi TTL . Tng tr vo ca CMOS rt ln , TTL c th ti v s cng CMOS m khng lm mt Fan Out trng thi LOW. 1. PT 9148: * Tng quan : y l mt b truyn pht tia hng ngoi ng dng bi cng ngh CMOS. BL9148 kt hp vi BL9149 to ra 10 chc nng, vi BL9150 to ra 18 chc nng v 75 lnh c th pht x: trong 63 lnh l lin tc, c th c nhiu t hp phm; 12 phm khng lin tc, ch c th s dng phm n. Vi cch t hp nh vy, c th dng cho nhiu loi thit b t xa. c tnh : - c sn xut theo cng ngh CMOS - Tiu th cng sut thp - Vng in p hot ng: 2.2V-5V - S dng c nhiu phm - t thnh phn ngoi ng dng: - B pht hng ngoi dung trong cc thit b in t nh: Television, Video Cassette Recoder.

NHT NH

- 13 -

MSSV: 405T1022

BO CO N MN HC

GVHD: L QUC BO

* S v chc nng cc chn ca IC :

Chn 1 (Vss): l chn mass c ni vi cc m ca ngun in. Chn 2 v 3: l hai u ni vi thch anh bn ngoi cho b to dao ng bn trong IC. Chn 4 9 (K1 - K6): l u ca tn hiu bn phm kiu ma trn, cc chn t K1 n K6 kt hp vi cc chn 10 n 12 (T1 T3) to thnh ma trn 18 phm. Chn 13 ( CODE ): l chn m s dng kt hp vi cc chn T1 T2 to ra t hp m h thng gia phn pht v phn thu. Chn 14 (TEST): l chn dng kim tra m ca phn pht, bnh thng khi khng s dng c th b trng. Chn 15 ( TXout): l u ra ca tn hiu c iu ch FM. Chn 16 ( Vcc): l chn cp ngun dng.

NHT NH

- 14 -

MSSV: 405T1022

BO CO N MN HC

GVHD: L QUC BO

* S khi:

B to dao ng v b phn tn: c th pht c i xa, ta phn c mt xung c tn s 38Khz ni nhn nhng trn th trng kh tm c thch anh ng tn s nn ta chn tn s ca thch anh l 455Khz cho b to dao ng. Sau tn s s c a qua b phn tn chia n ra thnh 12 ln.

NHT NH

- 15 -

MSSV: 405T1022

BO CO N MN HC

GVHD: L QUC BO

Mch in phm vo: C tng cng 18 phm c ni ti cc chn K1 K6 v mch hot ng thi gian T1 T3 to ra bn phm ma trn (6*3).

- Phm 1 6: l nhng phm cho ra tn hiu lin tc khi n gi. - Phm 7 18: l nhng phm cho ra nhng tn hiu khng lin tc. Tn hiu s b mt ngay khi nhn vo cho d c gi phm. Mch hot ng tn hiu thi gian - Mch pht sinh tn hiu: - Lnh truyn: gm mt t lnh c to bi 3 bit m ngi dng, 1 bit m lin tc, 2 bit m khng lin tc v 6 bit m ng vo. Vy, n c 12 bit m. Trong , 3 bit m ngi dng c to nh sau: o D liu ca 3 bit m T1, T2, T3 s l 1 nu 1 diode c ni gia chn CODE v chn Tn (n = 1-3); v l 0 khi khng ni diode.

NHT NH

- 16 -

MSSV: 405T1022

BO CO N MN HC

GVHD: L QUC BO

o V IC thu BL9149, ch c 2 bit m (CODE 2, CODE 3), nn chn T1 ca BL9148 s lun mc 1.

o C1,C2,C3 : m ngi dng o H : m tn hiu lin tc o S1,S2 : m tn hiu khng lin tc o D1- D6 : m ng vo Dng sng truyn :

- Thi gian ca bit a ph thuc vo tn s dao ng v c tnh bi cng thc:

NHT NH

- 17 -

MSSV: 405T1022

BO CO N MN HC

GVHD: L QUC BO

o Tn hiu khng lin tc :

- Khi nhn bt k 1 phm khng lin tc, tn hiu khng lin tc ch truyn 2 t lnh n ng ra. o Tn hiu lin tc :

- Khi nhn bt k mt phm lin tc , tn hiu lin tc s lp li chu k sau khi truyn 2 t lnh v thi gian dng cho n khi phm khng c nhn na. * Tham s cc hn :

NHT NH

- 18 -

MSSV: 405T1022

BO CO N MN HC

GVHD: L QUC BO

* Tham s ch yu :

NHT NH

- 19 -

MSSV: 405T1022

BO CO N MN HC

GVHD: L QUC BO

2. PT 9149: * Tng quan : - BL9149 cng c ch to bi cng ngh CMOS . N c th iu khin ti a 10 thit b. - c tnh : + Tiu tn cng sut thp + Kh nng chng nhiu rt cao + Nhn c ng thi 5 chc nng t IC pht BL9148 + Cung cp b to dao ng RC + B lc s v B kim tra m ngn nga s tc ng t nhng ngun sng khc nhau nh n PL . Do khng nh hng n nhy ca mt thu. * S v chc nng ca cc chn ca IC :

- Chn 1 (Vss): l chn mass c ni vi cc m ca ngun in. - Chn 2 (RXin : l u vo tn hiu thu. - Cc chn 3 7 (HP1 - HP5) : l u ra tn hiu lin tc. Ch cn thu c tn hiu tng ng vi u ra no th u ra s lun duy tr mc logic 1.
NHT NH - 20 MSSV: 405T1022

BO CO N MN HC

GVHD: L QUC BO

- Cc chn 8 12 (SP5 SP1): l u ra tn hiu khng lin tc. Ch cn thu c tn hiu tng ng vi u ra no th u ra s duy tr mc logic 1 trong khong thi gian l 107ms. - Chn 14 v 13 (CODE 2 v CODE 3): to ra cc t hp m h thng gia phn pht v phn thu. M s ca hai chn ny phi ging t hp m h thng ca phn pht th mi thu c tn hiu. - Chn 15 (OSC): dng ni vi t in v in tr bn ngoi to ra dao ng cho mch. - Chn 16 (Vcc): l chn c ni vi cc dng ca ngun cung cp * S khi:

NHT NH

- 21 -

MSSV: 405T1022

BO CO N MN HC

GVHD: L QUC BO

- Gii thch s khi : Sau khi IC pht BL9148 pht tn hiu (2 chu k) i, tn hiu s c mt thu tip nhn ri a n n chn RXin. Chn RXin c nhim v s chnh li dng sng ca tn hiu cho chun. Sau , tn hiu c a ti b lc s. B lc s c nhim v lc ly cc d liu ri a n thanh ghi. D liu u tin c lu vo thanh ghi 12 bit. Tip n, d liu th hai s c np vo thanh ghi. D liu u tin s c a qua b m ng ra nu m ca n khp vi m ca phn pht. Trng hp , m ca d liu khng khp vi m ca phn pht th qu trnh s c lp li. Khi cc d liu nhn c thong qua, ng ra s chuyn t mc thp ln mc cao.

* T hp m h thng gia IC pht BL9148 v IC thu BL9149:

- V BL9149 khng c chn C1 nn chn C1 ca BL9148 mc nhin mc logic 1. Qua bng m h thng, ta thy rng t hp m ca cc chn C2 v C3 ca hai IC phi ging nhau, l m h thng. Trong cc t hp m, khng c t hp C2=C3=0. - Cc chn C2 v C3 s mc logic 1 nu mt t gia chn Cn(n=2,3) v mass. Ngc li, cc chn C2 v C3 s mc logic 0 nu ni xung mass.
NHT NH - 22 MSSV: 405T1022

BO CO N MN HC

GVHD: L QUC BO

* Bng i ng quan h phm / m gia IC thu BL9149 v IC pht BL9149:

* Tham s ch yu:

NHT NH

- 23 -

MSSV: 405T1022

BO CO N MN HC

GVHD: L QUC BO

3. D-FF 4013B:

NHT NH

- 24 -

MSSV: 405T1022

BO CO N MN HC

GVHD: L QUC BO

4. PIC 1018SCL (IC thu tn hiu hng ngoi): PIC 1018SCL l IC thu tn hiu hng ngoi vi nhng u im sau: - L IC c Kch thc nh - Phm vi thu nhn tn hiu xa (+,- 45 ) - Kh nng chng nhiu tt. S khi S chn PIC 1018SCL: S o khi:

S o chan:

1 2

Gii thch s khi: Tn hiu hng ngoi t ngun pht qua b truyn n mch thu c led hng ngoi nhn ri a qua ba tng khuch i. Sau tn hiu ny c qua mch lc bng thng (Band Pass Filter) chn dy
NHT NH - 25 MSSV: 405T1022

BO CO N MN HC

GVHD: L QUC BO

bng thng thch hp. ngo ra nay tn hieu c qua mach t ong ieu khien o khuech ai (AGC) e tang o khuech ai neu can thiet. Xung nay c a qua mach so sanh va phan tch trc khi a vao mach Schmitt Trigger. Mch Schmitt Trigger l mch so snh c phn hi nh hnh sau:

Lc ny do Vin so snh vi tn hiu ng vo V+ l in th trn mch phn p R4 R2, nn theo s bin thin gia hai mc in p ca Vout, mch Schimitt Trigger ca c hai ngng so snh l VH v VL

Qua hnh ta nhn thy, mch Schmitt Trigger lamch so sanh Vin theo hai ngng VH va VL. Khi in ap Vin vt qua VH th gia tr Vout la 0V va khi Vin thp hn VL th Vuot s +Vcc (ngha la co s o pha). Nhiem vu chu yeu cua mach Schmitt Trigger la oi tn hieu lien tuc thanh tn hieu vuong vi kha nang chong nhieu cao.
NHT NH - 26 MSSV: 405T1022

BO CO N MN HC

GVHD: L QUC BO

Vin

Schmitt Trigger

Vout

Tn hieu ngo ra mach Schmitt Trigger qua mach ao se cho tn hieu ngo ra cua PIC 1018SCL la tn hieu ao.

3 Vcc
R 22K

1 Vout
Q

2 GND
Neu co hien tng nhieu bo tr them ien tr khoang 100 Omh va tu khoang 100uF nh hnh ve:
OUTPUT
R1 22K R2

Vcc +5V

47 - 100 Omh 47 - 100 uF

GND

* Mot so thong so ky thuat: - Nguon cung cap: 2.5V 5.5V, thng chon 5V. - Dong tieu thu cc ai khi ngo vao bang 0: Icc = 1.5 mA. - Tan so dao ong F0 = 37.9 KHZ. - Tn hieu ngo ra la tn hieu ao. - Mc cao ngo ra VOH = Vcc 0.5V - Mc thap ngo ra VOL = 0.2V - o rong xung vuong 600us - Hoat ong c nhiet o t: -10 en +60 oC.
NHT NH - 27 MSSV: 405T1022

BO CO N MN HC

GVHD: L QUC BO

5. Led phat quang Led hng ngoi: quang tr, quang diod v quang transistor, nng lng ca nh sng chiu vo cht bn dn v cp nng lng cho cc in t vt di cm. Ngc li khi mt in t t di dn in rt xung di ho tr th s pht ra mt nng lng E=h.f Di dn in Di ha tr Di cm hf. Khi phn cc thun mt ni P-N, in t t do t vng N xuyn qua vng P v ti hp vi l trng (v phng din nng lng ta ni cc in t trong di dn in c nng lng cao ri xung di ho tr - c nng lng thp v kt hp vi l trng), khi ti hp th sinh ra nng lng. i vi diod Ge, Si th nng lng pht ra di dng nhit. Nhng i vi diod cu to bng GaAs (Gallium Arsenide) nng lng pht ra l nh sng hng ngoi (khng thy c) dng trong cc mch bo ng, iu khin t xa). Vi GaAsP (Gallium Arsenide phosphor) nng lng pht ra l nh sng vng hay . Vi GaP (Gallium phosphor), nng lng nh sng pht ra mu vng hoc xanh l cy. Cc Led pht ra nh sng thy c dng lm n bo, trang tr Phn ngoi ca LED c mt thu knh tp trung nh sng pht ra ngoi. Hinh dang v phn cc Cu to

c nh sng lin tc, ngi ta phn cc thun LED. Tu theo mc nng lng gii phng cao hay thp m bc sng nh sng pht ra khc nhau s quyt nh mu sc ca LED. Thng thng, LED c in th phn cc thun cao hn it thng thng, trong khong 1,5 2,8V tu theo mu sc pht ra, mu : 1,4 1,8V, vng: 2 2,5V, cn mu xanh l cy: 2 2,8V, v dng in qua LED ti a khong vi mA.
NHT NH - 28 MSSV: 405T1022

BO CO N MN HC

GVHD: L QUC BO

6. Transistor: Cu to ca Transistor. Transistor gm ba lp bn dn ghp vi nhau hnh thnh hai mi tip gip P-N, nu ghp theo th t PNP ta c Transistor thun, nu ghp theo th t NPN ta c Transistor ngc. v phng din cu to Transistor tng ng vi hai Diode u ngc chiu nhau.

Ba lp bn dn c ni ra thnh ba cc , lp gia gi l cc gc k hiu l B (Base), lp bn dn B rt mng v c nng tp cht thp. Hai lp bn dn bn ngoi c ni ra thnh cc pht (Emitter) vit tt l E, v cc thu hay cc gp (Collector) vit tt l C, vng bn dn E v C c cng loi bn dn (loi N hay P) nhng c kch thc v nng tp cht khc nhau nn khng hon v cho nhau c.

NHT NH

- 29 -

MSSV: 405T1022

BO CO N MN HC

GVHD: L QUC BO

Nguyn tc hot ng ca Transistor. * Xt hot ng ca Transistor NPN .

Mch kho st v nguyn tc hot ng ca transistor NPN Ta cp mt ngun mt chiu UCE vo hai cc C v E trong (+) ngun vo cc C v (-) ngun vo cc E. Cp ngun mt chiu UBE i qua cng tc v tr hn dng vo hai cc B v E, trong cc (+) vo chn B, cc (-) vo chn E. Khi cng tc m , ta thy rng, mc d hai cc C v E c cp in nhng vn khng c dng in chy qua mi C E (lc ny dng IC = 0). Khi cng tc ng, mi P-N c phn cc thun do c mt dng in chy t (+) ngun UBE qua cng tc => qua R hn dng => qua mi BE v cc (-) to thnh dng IB. Ngay khi dng IB xut hin => lp tc cng c dng IC chy qua mi CE lm bng n pht sng, v dng IC mnh gp nhiu ln dng IB. Nh vy r rng dng IC hon ton ph thuc vo dng IB v ph thuc theo mt cng thc .
NHT NH - 30 MSSV: 405T1022

BO CO N MN HC

GVHD: L QUC BO

IC = .IB Trong IC l dng chy qua mi CE IB l dng chy qua mi BE l h s khuych i ca Transistor Gii thch: Khi c in p UCE nhng cc in t v l trng khng th vt qua mi tip gip P-N to thnh dng in, khi xut hin dng IBE do lp bn dn P ti cc B rt mng v nng pha tp thp, v vy s in t t do t lp bn dn N (cc E) vt qua tip gip sang lp bn dn P (cc B) ln hn s lng l trng rt nhiu, mt phn nh trong s cc in t th vo l trng to thnh dng IB cn phn ln s in t b ht v pha cc C di tc dng ca in p UCE => to thnh dng ICE chy qua Transistor. * Xt hot ng ca Transistor PNP. S hot ng ca Transistor PNP hon ton tng t Transistor NPN nhng cc tnh ca cc ngun in UCE v UBE ngc li. Dng IC i t E sang C cn dng IB i t E sang B. K hiu & hnh dng ca Transistor.

K hiu ca Transistor

NHT NH

- 31 -

MSSV: 405T1022

BO CO N MN HC

GVHD: L QUC BO

* K hiu ( trn thn Transistor ) Hin nay trn th trng c nhiu loi Transistor ca nhiu nc sn xut nhng thng dng nht l cc transistor ca Nht bn, M v Trung quc. Transistor Nht bn: thng k hiu l Axxx, Bxxx, Cxxx, Dxxx. V d A564, B733, C828, D1555 trong cc Transistor k hiu l A v B l Transistor thun PNP cn k hiu l C v D l Transistor ngc NPN. cc Transistor A v C thng c cng xut nh v tn s lm vic cao cn cc Transistor B v D thng c cng xut ln v tn s lm vic thp hn. Transistor do M sn xut: thng k hiu l 2Nxxx, v d 2N3055, 2N4073 .v.v. Transistor do Trung quc sn xut: Bt u bng s 3, tip theo l hai ch ci. Ch ci thc nht cho bit loi bng: Ch A v B l bng thun, ch C v D l bng ngc, ch th hai cho bit c im: X v P l bng m tn, A v G l bng cao tn. Cc ch s sau ch th t sn phm. Th d: 3CP25 , 3AP20 .v.v. * Cch xc nh chn E, B, C ca Transistor. Vi cc loi Transistor cng xut nh th th t chn C v B tu theo bng ca nc no s xut , nhng chn E lun bn tri nu ta Transistor nh hnh di Nu l Transistor do Nht sn xut : th d Transistor C828, A564 th chn C gia , chn B bn phi. Nu l Transistor Trung quc sn xut th chn B gia , chn C bn phi. Tuy nhin mt s Transistor c sn xut nhi th khng theo th t ny => bit chnh xc ta dng phng php o bng ng h vn nng.

NHT NH

- 32 -

MSSV: 405T1022

BO CO N MN HC

GVHD: L QUC BO

Transistor cng xut nh. Vi loi Transistor cng xut ln th hu ht u c chung th t chn l : Bn tri l cc B, gia l cc C v bn phi l cc E.

Transistor cng xut ln thng c th t chn nh trn * o xc nh chn B v C Vi Transistor cng xut nh th thng thng chn E bn tri nh vy ta ch xc nh chn B v suy ra chn C l chn cn li. ng h thang x1 , t c nh mt que o vo tng chn , que kia chuyn sang hai chn cn li, nu kim ln = nhau th chn c que t c nh l chn B, nu que ng h c nh l que en th l Transistor ngc, l que th l Transistor thun..

NHT NH

- 33 -

MSSV: 405T1022

BO CO N MN HC

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CHNG II:

TNH TON V THIT K

II. S KHI CA MCH:
1. S khi: Khi my pht:

Khi Dao ng

Khi Bn Phm

Khi iu Khin

Khi Pht Tn Hiu

Khi Ngun
Khi my thu:

Khi Dao ng

Khi Nhn T/H

Khi Gii M

Khi m

Khi Chp Hnh

Khi Ngun
NHT NH - 34 MSSV: 405T1022

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2. Gii thch cc khi trong s : - Khi bn phm: c nhim v to ra lnh cho khi iu khin pht tn hiu tng ng vi mt thit b cn iu khin thng qua khi pht tn hiu. - Khi iu khin: s x l nhng thng tin t khi bn phm gi n a ra lnh iu khin thch hp cho khi pht, pht chuoi tn hiu theo dng xung nh phn. - Khi to dao ng: c nhim v to ra tn s xung nhp cho cc khi iu khin lm vic. - Khi pht: c nhim v nhn chuoi tn hiu t khi iu khin di dng in p, sau chuyn chuoi tn hiu in ny thnh nh sang hng ngoi v pht i qua mi trng khng gian n khi th (trn my thu). - Khi nhn: c nhim v nhn tn hiu (chui nh sng hong ngoi) t khi pht gi n, chuyn chui tn hiu ny thnh tn hiu in tr li nh ban u, ri khuch i ln sau gi n khi gii m. - Khi gii m: sau khi nhn c chui tn hiu in t khi nhn gi n, khi ny s gii m ra bng cch so snh vi nhng chui tn hiu c quy nh sn trong khi, v a ra lnh iu khin khi chp hnh (thng qua b m). - B m: c nhim v l gi mc in n nh cho khi chp hnh thc thi lnh, khi c phm no c nhn th tn hiu ng ra chi c duy tr trong mt khng thi gian nht nh (170 ms i vi phm n), cho nn mun tn hiu c duy tr khi khng cn tc ng t bn phm th cn phi c khi m. - Khi chp hnh: ch c nhim v l nhn lnh t khi gii m ri thi hnh lnh (ng hoc ngt mt thit b no ). - Khi ngun: cung cp in nng cho cc khi trong mch lm vic.

NHT NH

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MSSV: 405T1022

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GVHD: L QUC BO

III. S NGUYN L:
1. Mch pht:

NHT NH

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2. Mch thu:

NHT NH

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3. Gii thch: * Mch pht: Khi mt phm trn bn phm c nhn (VD phm s 1), th chn 10 (T1) v chan 4 (K1) thng mch vi nhau (cc chn T1, K1 trn IC 9148), lc ny ng ra cu IC 9148 trn chn 15 (TXout) s pht lin tc 1 chui xung in i vo R1 vo cc B ca cp transistor Q1 (A1015), Q2 (C1815) ghp theo kiu Dalintor (tng dng cho Led phat hng ngoi) nhm iu khin cho 1 con led pht hng ngoi D1 pht chui xung in ny thnh chui nh sng hng ngoi (tng ng vi chui tn hin in trn) thng qua khng gian n IC thu hng ngoi trn mch thu. IC 9148 ca mch pht lam vic c cn phi c b to dao ng gm thch anh 455Khz v 2 t 150pF C1 v C2. * Mch thu : T IC thu hng ngoi PIC 1018 khi nhn c chui nh sng hng ngoi t mch pht n th IC PIC 1018 s chuyn thnh chui tn hiu in a ra chn 2 (Do chui tn hiu in t chn 2 ca IC PIC 1018 l ngc vi chui tn hiu in ti ng ra ca IC 9148 trn mch pht: Chn 15 IC 9148 ln mc logic 1 th ng ra trn chn s 2 IC PIC 1018 li l mc logic 0). c th khi phc li ng vi chui tn hiu nh ban au th t chn 2 IC PIC 1018 cn phi c mch o chui tn hiu li, thng qua transistor Q3 C1815 c ly ra t ca C. Ti y chui tn hiu c khi phc v khuch i ln ng vi chui tn nhiu ban u, sau c a vo chn s 2 (RXin) ca IC 9149 iu khin mch chp hnh. T IC 9149 trn mch thu khi nhn c tn nhiu tng ng vi phm s 1 trn mch pht, IC 9149 s iu khin chn s 3 (HP1) ln mc logic 1 a vo chn CK ca IC 4013B to 1 cch ln cho D_FF v chn Q trn D_FF cng s ln mc logic 1 (v c gi nguyn mc logic 1 ny cho n khi nhn c 1 cnh ln khc t chn CK). T chan Q ca D_FF s iu khin cc B ca transistor Q4 dn lm Led D2 pht sng, bo hiu l nhn c lch iu khin t mch pht.
NHT NH - 38 MSSV: 405T1022

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IV. NHIM V CC LINH KIN TRONG MCH:

1. IC thu pht PT 9148: IC PT 9148 l mt mch tch hp c nhim v l pht ra mt chui xung vung t chn UOT khi c cc t hp phm c nhn t chn 4 12 thng qua Led pht hng ngoi. Vi moi mt phm nhn s l mt m (mt chui xung vung) khc nhau. S c pht i lin tc hoc khng lin tc tu vo phm c nhn c phi l phm lin tc hay khng, nu khng phi l phm lin tc th ch c pht i mt ln. 2. PT 9149: IC PT 9149 l mt mch tch hp c nhim v l nhn tn hiu (cc chui xung vung gi ti t IC pht) t chn IN, sau s so snh v gii ma bit c thng ip gi n l g ri iu khin cc chn ng ra t chn 3 12 trn IC. 3. 4013B: Tn hiu t cc chn out ca IC PT 9149 khi c xung vo t IC thu hng ngoi gi vo th s ln mc 1 v s tt xung mc logic 0 khi khng cn xung t u vo na (nu l phm lin tc c nhn t mch pht, cn i vi phm khng lin tc th ch ln mc mt trong khong thi gian l 170ms sau v mc 0). c th duy tr c mc cao cho n khi xung vo ln th hai th ta cn phi c mch cht tn hiu ny li. Nh nhim v ca IC 4013B l mt mch D-FF nhm cht d liu.

NHT NH

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GVHD: L QUC BO

V.

TNH TON MCH:

1. B to dao ng tn s song mang:

Chn tn s dao ng: tn s sng mang m truyn l tn s thu c do vi mch m ha sau khi tin hnh chia 12 ln i vi tn s dao ng ca b cng hng bng thch anh c u bn ngoi. Cho nn mc n nh ca tn s ny ph thuc vo cht lng v quy cch ca thch anh. Tn s dao ng ca mch pht thng l 400-500Khz. i vi mch pht trn th em chn tn s ca thch anh l 455Khz. Tn s ca sng mang c tnh bi cng thc:

T suy ra: fc = 455khz/12 38khz Do cu to bn trong IC BL9148 c 1 cng o dng phi hp vi cc linh kin ngoi bng thch anh hoc bng mch LC to thnh mch dao ng. V mch LC kh cng knh v n nh khng cao so vi thch anh nn em quyt nh chn b dao ng thch anh.

NHT NH

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MSSV: 405T1022

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GVHD: L QUC BO

2. Mch khuch i pht:

Do tn hiu pht ng ra ca IC pht c dng b: - 0.1mA 1.0mA nn ta phi khuch i chng ln. V th, em dng hai transistor ghp Darlington khuch i tn hiu cp dng cho LED hng ngoi pht i c mnh hn. Khi khng nhn phm : V15 = Theo s mch ta c : VBE1 = VCC VB1 = => Q1 off Q2 off < V =

khng c dng qua LED hng ngoi VBE1 = > V =

Khi nhn 1 phm : : V15 = VB1 = Q1 dn bo ha VE2 = VB2 - V = VB2 = VCC - VEC1 =

VCE1 = VCE bo ha = 0.2V

Tnh R4 : LED hng ngoi c in p cho php trong khong 1.23.3 V , dng lm vic 30mA 1A, RIR LED = 10 30

NHT NH

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3. Ci m cho mch pht:

V IC thu BL9149 lm IC nhnnn theo l thuyt th IC thu khng c chn C1. Do chn C1 ca IC pht lun mc logic 1 (Ni mt diode ln chn CODE). Nhim v cn li l xc nh t hp m cho C2 v C3. mch trn th cch ci m nh sau : u tin, xc nh m mong mun l C2 = 1 , C3 = 1. T , ti chn C2 C3, ni mt diode vi chn CODE. Nh vy IC thu nhn bit ng th ta cng phi ci ng nh vy . Bng m h thng (tm tt)
PT 9148 C1 1 C2 1 C3 1 PT 9149 C2 1 C3 1

4. Chn t hp phn nhn:

S phm bn pht 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Ng ra HP1 HP2 HP3 HP4 HP5 SP5 SP4 SP3 SP2 SP1

NHT NH

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5. Mch khuch i v tch sng pht:

Q1 trng thi bo ha VCEBH = 0.1V Khi cha nhn tn hiu : VIN = 0.8V

T , da vo thc t th ta chn RB = 4.7 k. mt khc, ta c:

NHT NH

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T , da vo thc t th ta chn RC = 4.7 k Khi nhn tn hiu: VIN = 705 mV

IC thu BL9149 hot ng tt th VIN = 2V 3V Vi VIN 2V

T , da vo thc t ta chn RL = 10k . Tuy nhin, nhng s liu trn l tnh ton theo l thuyt. Cn trn thc t, sau. khi th mch trn testboard th em nhn thy l hai in tr RB v RC khng cn gn. Nu lm nh vy th kh nng thu ca mch tng ln.

NHT NH

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MSSV: 405T1022

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6. Mch cht d liu:

4013

Khi cha c xung CK ( cha nhn phm ): ng ra Q = 0, QN = 1. D liu ti D l 1 v ta ni D vi QN. Khi c xung CK (nhn mt phm), d liu ti D s c np vo v ng ra Q=1, QN=0. Lc ny trng thi ng ra s c cht li v ch thay i khi c thm mt xung CK.

NHT NH

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CHNG III:

THI CNG MCH NG DNG

I. M T:
Mch thu pht gm 1 mch pht v 1 mch thu. Mch pht: gm 10 phm nhn k hiu t 1 n 10 tng ng l 10 thit b. Ngun nui 3V. Mch thu: 10 thit b c hin th bng 10 LED n. Ngun nui 5V.

II.

C IM:
Mch c th thu pht vi khong cch xa nht n 7m. Ngun c th s dng (i vi mch pht) l 02 thng.

Mch thu c th kt ni cho 10 thit b khc nhau, s dng ngun trc tip t li in. Mch c th kt hp mch vi x l iu khin hn gi, ng dng trong cng nghip v trong gia dng.

III. NG DNG:
Mch dng iu khin tt - m cc thit b in gia dng nh: n, qut, m-t bm nc, TV C th m rng iu khin cc thit b khc c cng sut ln hn dng trong cng nghip.

NHT NH

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IV.

HNH NH MCH THC T:

Mch Pht:

Mch Thu:

NHT NH

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NHN XT V KT LUN
Nhn xt: u im ca mch: d dng kt ni thit b, m rng, ng dng iu khin bng v tuyn cho khong cch xa hn Hn ch ca ti: do thi gian c hn v yu cu ca ti nn mch ch dng li mc thu pht bng hng ngoi, cha iu khin theo thi gian, cha thit k mch cng sut kt ni thit b u cui. Cha thit k ng dng iu khin thay i cng sut Kt lun: Sau 03 thng thc hin, Ti hon thnh c yu cu ca ti. Mch c ng dng thit thc trong thc t.

NHT NH

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GVHD: L QUC BO

PH LC
S ngyn l:

NHT NH

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GVHD: L QUC BO

TI LIU THAM KHO

- Ti liu Datasheet 9148 - 9149: http://www.datasheetcatalog.com/datasheets_pdf/P/T/2/2/PT2248.s html (PT 2248) http://www.ic2ic.com/search.jsp?sSearchWord=PT2249&prefix=P (PT 2249) - PIC 1018SCL: http://datasheet.digchip.com/518/518-324-0-PIC-1018SCL.pdf - Hng dn lp mch thu pht hng ngoi: http://tdmai.free.fr/projects/IR/9148%209149.pdf

NHT NH

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MSSV: 405T1022