Bi tp v anehit

Bi 1: Mt hp cht hu c (X) c cng thc phn t l C4H6O2 v ch c mt loi nhm chc. T (X) v cc cht v c khc, bng 3 phn ng lin tip c th iu ch c cao su Buna. Cng thc cu to c th c ca (X) l: a. HOC-CH2-CH2-CHO b. HO-CH2-C C-CH2OH c. CH3-C-C-CH3 d. C a, b, c u ng OO Bi 2: Xt cc loi hp cht hu c mch h sau: Ru n chc, no (A); anehit n chc, no (B); ru n chc, khng no 1 ni i (C); anehit n chc, khng no 1 ni i (D). ng vi cng thc tng qut CnH2nO ch c 2 cht sau: a. A, B b. B, C c. C, D d. A, D Bi 3: t chy mt hn hp cc ng ng ca anehit ta thu c s mol CO2 = s mol H2O th l dy ng ng: a. Anehit n chc no b. Anehit vng no c. Anehit hai chc no d. C a, b, c u ng Bi 4: Ly 0,94 gam hn hp hai anehit n chc no k tip nhau trong dy ng ng cho tc dng ht vi dung dch AgNO3 / NH3 thu c 3,24 gam Ag. Cng thc phn t hai anehit l: a. CH3CHO v HCHO b. CH3CHO v C2H5CHO c. C2H5CHO v C3H7CHO d. C3H7CHO v C4H9CHO Bi 5: Hp cht hu c X khi un nh vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 (dng d) thu c sn phm Y, Y tc dng vi dung dch HCl hoc dung dch NaOH u cho 2 kh v c A, B, X l: a. HCHO b. HCOOH c. HCOONH4 d. C a, b, c u ng. Bi 6: Ba cht X, Y, Z c cng thc phn t dng (CH2O)n vi n 3. Cho bit: - X ch tham gia phn ng trng bc - Y va tham gia phn ng trng bc, va phn ng Na - Z tc dng vi dung dch NaHCO3 va , lm bay hi nc dung dch sau phn ng, sn phm khan cn li c th tip tc phn ng vi Na. Oxi ho Z iu kin thch hp s to thnh hp cht ch cha mt loi nhm chc. t chy hon ton X, Y, Z vi s mol bng nhau th s mol nc thu c t X nh hn thu c t Y v t Z, s mol nc thu c t Y nh hn t Z. Hy xc nh cng thc cu to ca X, Y v Z. a. CH3-CHO; HO-CH2-CH2-CHO v CH3-COOH b. C2H5-CHO; HO-CH2-CH2-CHO v HO-CH2-COOH c. C2H4-CHO; HO-CH-CH2-CH3 v HO-CH2-COOH OH d. HCHO; HO-CH2-CH2-CHO v HO-CH2-CH2-COOH Bi 7: Cc hp cht hu c mch h cha cc nguyn t cacbon, hiro v oxi l A1, B1, C1, D1 u c khi lng phn t bng 60 vC. Cc cht B1,C1, D1 tc dng c vi Na gii phng H2. Khi oxi ho B1 (c xc tc) s to thnh sn phm c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng gng. Cht C1 tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH. Cht D1 c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng gng. Cht A1 khng tc dng c vi Na, khng tc dng vi NaOH v khng tham gia phn ng trng gng. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng. Cng thc cu to cc cht A1, B1, C1, D1 c th l: A1 B1 C1 D1 a CH3O-C2H5 C3H7OH CH3COOH HOCH2CHO b C3H7OH CH3O-C2H5 HOCH2CHO CH3COOH c HOCH2CHO CH3COOH CH3O-C2H5 C3H7OH

d Kt qu khc Bi 8: Cho cc phn ng sau: (A) + Cl2 (B) + (C) (B) + NaOH (C) + NaOH (E) + (F) (A) + O2 (D) + O2 (G) + (F) (G) + (H) (G) + (H) (F) + (I) + Ag (G) + ? trng) Cc cht A, G v Z c th l: a. CH3COOH; CH3CHO v CH3-CH(OH)(SO3Na) b. C2H6; CH3CHO v CH2(OH)(SO3Na) c. C2H5OH; HCHO v CH3-CH(OH)(SO3Na) d. CH4; HCHO v CH2(OH)(SO3Na) Bi 9: Cho s chuyn ho sau:
NaOH t0 H2SO4 AgNO3/NH3

(D) + (E) (G) + (F) HCOOH + Ag (Z) (mu

HCl

CH3-COONa F
C2H2 Xc tc

CaO, t0

Alnh nhanh

B HgSO4, t0

Br2

NaOH

I.

Cc cht E, G v I c th l: a. CH3COONH4, CH3COOCH=CH2 v CH3COONa b. HCOONH4, HCOOCH=CH2 v HCOONa c. C2H5COONH4, C2H5COOCH=CH2 v C2H5COONa d. Cu a, b u ng Bi 10: X, Y l cc hp cht hu c ng chc cha cc nguyn t C, H, O. Khi tc dng vi AgNO3 trong NH3 th 1 mol X hoc Y to ra 4 mol Ag. Cn khi t chy X, Y th t l s mol O2 tham gia t chy , CO2 v H2O to thnh nh sau: - i vi X: nO2 : nCO2 : nH2O = 1 : 1 : 1 - i vi Y: nO2 : nCO2 : nH2O = 1,5 : 2 :1 Cng thc phn t v cng thc cu to ca X, Y l: a. CH3CHO v HCHO b. HCHO v C2H5CHO c. HCOOH v HCHO d. HCHO v H-C-CHO O Bi 11: Cho cc phn ng: (A) + dd NaOH
1500
0C

t0 t
0

(B) +(C) (D) + (E)

(B) + NaOH rn (D)

(F) + H2
Xc tc

(F) + H2O (C) (C) + NaHSO3 (G) T (F) iu ch (A). Cc cht (A) v (C) c th l: a. HCOOCH=CH2 v HCHO c. CH3COOCH=CH2 v CH3CHO Bi 12: Cho s chuyn ho sau:
+ Cl2 Cl + H2 O + CuO

b. CH3COOCH=CH2 v HCHO d. Cu b ng F
+ Ag2O Cl NH2

4000C

xt

Cl

t0

G (axit acrylic)

Cc c v CHht A v D c th l a. C3H8 v CH3-CH2-CH2-OH

b. C2H6 v CH2=CH-CHO

c. C3H6 v CH2=CH-CHO Bi 13: B tc v cn bng (A) +(B) (C) +(D) (A) + Ca(OH)2 (E) +(F) (F) +(B) (D) +(G) +(H)
t0

d. C3H6 v CH2=CH-CH2OH

(A) axeton + (F) (C) + NaOH d (E) + Na2CO3 (E) +(I) (J) +(H) (J) + ? (K) + (H) + Ag + (L) Cc cht A, E v J c th l: a. CH3COOH; CH4 v CH3CHO b. (CH3COO)2Ca; CH4 v HCHO c. CH3COOH; CH4 v HCHO d. Kt qu khc Bi 14: Cho hp cht hu c X (phn t ch cha C, H, O v mt loi nhm chc). Bit 5,8 g X tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 to ra 43,2g Ag. Mt khc 0,1 mol X sau khi hiro ho hon ton phn ng vi 4,6g Na. Cng thc cu to ca X l: a. HCOOH b. CH3COOH c. H-CO -CHO d. CH2=CH-CHO Bi 15: Cho 13,6 gam mt hp cht hu c X ( C, H, O) tc dng va vi 300ml dung dch AgNO3 2M trong NH4OH thu c 43,2 gam bc. Bit t khi hi ca X i vi oxi bng 2,125. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca X. a. CH3-CH2-CHO b. CH2=CH-CH2-CHO C-CH2-CHO c. HC d. HC C-CHO Bi 16: Mt hp cht hu c Y cha cc nguyn t C, H, O ch cha mt loi nhm chc tham gia phn ng trng bc. Khi 0,01 mol Y tc dng ht vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 (hoc Ag2O trong NH3) th thu c 4,32g Ag. Y c cu to mch thng v cha 37,21% oxi v khi lng. Cng thc cu to ca Y l: a. HCHO b. CH3CHO c. H-CO-CO -H d. H-CO-(CH2)CHO Bi 17: Cho 0,1 mol hn hp 2 anehit c khi lng phn t (phn t khi) bng nhau v nh hn 68 vC phn ng hon ton vi dung dch AgNO3 (d) trong NH3 cho 38,88 gam Ag (hiu sut 100%). Cng thc phn t ca 2 anehit l: a. CH3CHO v HCHO b. C2H5CHO v C2H3CHO c. H-C-CHO v C2H5CHO d. Cu c ng O Bi 18: Cho 0,1 mol anehit X tc dng hon ton vi H2 thy cn 6,72 lt kh hiro (o ktc) v thu c sn phm Y. Cho ton b lng Y trn tc dng vi Na d thu c 2,24 lt kh H2 (o ktc). Mt khc, ly 8,4 gam X tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 thu c 43,2 gam Ag kim loi. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca X, Y. a. CH3CHOv C2H5OH b. HCHO v CH3OH c. C2H2(CHO)2 v CH2-(CH2)2-CH2 d. kt qu khc OH OH Bi 19: Cht X cha cc nguyn t C, H, O trong hiro chim 2,439% v khi lng. Khi t chy X u thu c s mol nc bng s mol mi cht chy, bit 1 mol X phn ng va ht vi 2,0 mol Ag2O trong dung dch amoniac. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca X. a. HCOOH b. CH3CHO c. HC C-CHO d. H-CO-C C-CHO Bi 20: Cho 2,4 gam mt hp cht hu c X tc dng hon ton vi dung dch AgNO3 d trong NH3, thu c 7,2 gam Ag. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca X a. CH3CHO b. C2H5CHO c. HCHO d. C3H7CHO Bi 21: T khi hi ca mt anehit X i vi hiro bng 28. Cng thc cu to ca anehit l:

t0

a. CH3CHO b. CH2-CH-CHO c. HCHO d. C2H5CHO Bi 22: Cho ba hp cht hu c X, Y, Z. Bit X cha ba nguyn t C, H, Cl trong Clo chim 71,72% theo khi lng, Y cha ba nguyn t C, H, O trong oxi chim 55,17% theo khi lng. Cng thc cu to ca X, Y, Z? a. CH3Cl; HCHO v CH3OH b. C2HCl; CH3CHO; C2H5OH c. C2H4Cl2; (CHO)2; C2H4(OH)2 d. Kt qu khc Bi 23: X l hp cht hu c mch h n chc c cha oxi. t chy hon ton 1 mol X cn 4 mol oxi thu c CO2 v hi nc vi th tch bng nhau (o cng iu kin). Xc nh cc cng thc cu to c th c ca X. a. CH3-CH2-CHO b. CH2=CH-CH2-OH c. CH3-C-CH3 d. CH2=CH-O-CH3 v c a, b, c u ng Bi 24: Mt hn hp gm 2 anehit A, B. Oxi ho 7,2 gam hn hp bng dung dch AgNO3 (d) trong NH4OH c 2 axit tng ng. Trung ho ht lng axit bng dung dch NaOH, sau nung nng hn hp vi vi ti xt d c 3,36 lt hn hp kh, cho hn hp kh vo 300ml dung dch KMnO4 1M trong H2SO4 thy hn hp gim i 1/3, ng thi mu tm b phai. Bit s nguyn t cacbon trong A ln hn B mt nguyn t cacbon. Cho bit cng thc cu to ca A v B? a. HCHO v CH3CHO b. CH3CHO v C2H5CHO c. CH2=CH-CHO v CH3CHO d. kt qu khc Bi 25: CHo 3,6 gam ankanal X phn ng hon ton vi dung dch AgNO 3/NH3. Lng Ag sinh ra cho tc dng hon ton vi dung dch HNO3 c thu c 2,8 lt kh nhit 136,50C, p sut 1,2 atm. Cng thc phn t ca ankanal l: a. HCHO b. C2H5CHO c. C4H9CHO d. C3H7CHO Bi 26: Cho 4,2 gam mt anehit A mch h tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d trong NH3 thu c hn hp mui B. Nu cho lng Ag sinh ra tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 c to ra 3,792 lt kh ( 270C v p sut 740 mmHg). T khi hi ca A so vi nit nh hn 4. Mt khc, khi cho 4,2 gam A tc dng 0,5 mol H2 (Ni,t0) thu c cht C vi hiu sut 100%. Cho C tan trong nc c dung dch D. Cho 1/10 dung dch D tc dng vi natri cho 10,04 lt kh H2 ( ktc) Cng thc phn t ca A l: a. C2H5CHO b. CH3CHO c. C2H3CHO d. H-CO-CHO Bi 27: Mt cht hu c Y cha C, H, O. Khi t chy hon ton 0,1 mol Y cho 6,72 lt CO2 (ktc). Mt khc hiro ho hon ton 0,05 mol Y ngi ta dng ng 1,12 lt kh H2 (00C, 2 atm) v c ru n no Z. Xc nh cng thc phn t X, Y. Bit rng X tc dng c vi AgNO3/NH4OH cho Ag. Cho bit cng thc cu to ng ca Y? a. CHCHO b. C2H5CHO c. CH2=CH-CHO d. Kt qu khc Bi 28: t chy 0,059 gam hp cht hu c X, thu c 0,140 gam kh CO2 v 0,072 gam H2O. T khi hi ca X i vi oxi l 2,31. a) Lp cng thc phn t ca cht X. a. C3H6O b. C2H6O c. C4H10O d. C5H12O b) Ly 7,4 gam cht X em oxi ho, ton th cht X bin thnh 2 cht Y v Z. Cht Y cho phn ng trng bc vi oxit bc trong amoniac. Cht Z b trung ho bi 100ml dung dch NaOH cha 4 gam NaOH trong 1 lt. Cng thc cu to thu gn c th c ca Y v Z l: a. CH3CHO v CH3COOH b. HCHO v HCOOH c. C3H7CHO v C3H7COOH d. Kt qu khc

Bi tp andehit :

Cu 1 : Hn hp A gm hai andehit X , Y l ng ng k tip tc dng ht vi H2 d (Ni , to) thu c hn hp B gm 2 ancol n ch . t chy hon ton B thu c 22 gam CO2 v 12,6 gam H2O . Cng thc phn t ca 2 andehit l S : CH3CHO , C3H7CHO Cu 2 : kh hon ton 0,1 mol hn hp hai andehit n chc cn 2,8 lt kh H2 ktc . xi ha ht 0,1 mol hn hp hai andehit ny bng dung dch AgNO3 d trong NH3 thu c 37,8 gam Ag , Hai andehit trong hn hp l . A.CH2O , C2H3CHO B.CH2O , CH3CHO C.CH3CHO , C2H3CHO D.CH3CHO , CH2=C(CH3)-CHO Cu 3 : Trng bc hon ton 4,4 gam mt andehit X no n chc mch h , ton b lng Ag thu c em ha tan ht vo dung dch HNO3 c nng , sau phn ng khi lng dung dch thay i 12,4 gam gi s nc bay hi ht khng ng k . Cng thc phn t ca X l . S : CH3CHO Cu 4 : Khi cho 0,35 gam cht X c cng thc phn t C4H6O tc dng vi H2 d Ni,to thu c 0,296 gam ancol isobutyric . Hiu sut ca phn ng l S : 80% Cu 5 : Cho 4,2 gam andehit CH2=CH-CHO tc dng vi 0,5 Ni , to thu c cht X , phn ng xy ra hon ton . Cho lng cht X tan vo nc thu c dung dch Y . Cho 1/10 dung dch Y tc dng ht Na nhn c 12,04 lt H2 ddktc . Nng % ca cht X trong dung dch Y l . S : 2,29% Cu 6 : xi ha nh 3,2 ancol CH3OH thu c hn hp sn phm gm Andehit , axit , ancol d v H2O , trong n andehit = 3.n axit . Cho ton b sn phm phn ng vi lng d AgNO3 trong NH3 thu c 15,12 gam Ag . Tnh hiu sut phn ng oxi ha ? S : 40% Cu 7 : t chy hon ton m gam hn hp X gm andehit no n chc mch h thu c 0,2 mol CO2 . Mt khc hidro ha hon ton m (g) X cn 0,1 mol H2 (Ni/to) sau phn ng thu c hn hp 2 ancol no n chc . t chy hon ton hn hp 2 ancol ny th s mol H2O thu c l bao nhiu ? S : 0,3 mol Cu 8 : t chy hon ton m gam hn hp andehit fomic , axit axetic , axit lactic , metyl fomiat v glucozo . Sn phm chy cho vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 thu c 40 gam kt ta .Tnh m S : 12 gam Cu 9 : X l hp cht cha C , H , O . Bit X c phn ng trng bc v phn ng vi NaOH . t chy hon ton a mol X thu c 3a mol gm H2O v CO2 . Tm X A.HCOOH B.HCOOCH3 C.HO-COOH D.OHC-CH2-CHO S : C Cu 10 : Cho 13,6 gam andehit A mch h phn ng va vi 300 ml dung dch AgNO3 2M trong NH3 d thu c 43,2 gam Ag . Bit t khi ca A so vi Oxi bng 2,125 . Cng thc cu to ca A l g S : CHC-CH2CHO Cu 11 : Hn hp X gm 2 andehit no n chc . Ly 0,25 mol X phn ng vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 thu c 86,4 gam kt ta Ag v khi lng dung dch sau khi phn ng gim 77,5 gam . Hai andehit trong X l g : S : HCHO , CH3CHO . Cu 12 : Hn hp X gm 0,05 mol HCHO v andehit Y mch h tc dng vi lng d AgNO3/NH3 thu c 25,92 gam Ag . t chy hon ton X nhn c 1,568 lt CO2 ktc . Cng thc cu to ca Y l S : (CHO)2

Cu 13 : Andehit X khng no , n chc mch h . t chy hon ton 0,025 mol X cn dng ht 2,8 lt kh O2 ktc . Mt khc X cng hp H2 cn VH2 = 2 . Vx phn ng , cc th tch kh o ktc . Tm cng thc ca X A.C4H6O B.C3H4O C.C4H4O D.C5H8O Cu 14 : Mt hn hp X gm 2 andehit k tip nhau khi b hidro ha hon ton thu c hn hp Y gm 2 ancol c khi lng ln hn khi lng ca X l 1 gam . t chy ht X thu c 30,08 gam CO2 . Hn hp X gm : A.9 gam HCHO v 4,4 gam CH3CHO B.18 gam HCHO v 8,8 gam CH3CHO C.8,8 gam CH3CHO v 5,8 gam C2H5CHO D.9 gam HCHO v CH3CHO Cu 15 : Cho bay hi ht 5,8 gam mt hp cht hu c X thu c 4,48 lt hi X 109,2 C v 0,7 atm . Mt khc 5,8 gam X phn ng vi AgNO3/NH3 d thu c 43,2 gam Ag . Cng thc phn t ca X l : A.C2H2O B.C2H4O2 C.C2H2O2 D.C2H4O