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XIV. AMIN
XIV.1. nh ngha Amin l loi hp cht hu c c to ra khi mt hay cc nguyn t H ca amoniac (NH3) c thay th bi cc gc hirocacbon (hidrocarbon). Nu 1 nguyn t H ca NH3 c thay th bi 1 gc hirocacbon, c amin bc mt, R-NH2. Nu 2 nguyn t H ca NH3 c thay th bi 2 gc hirocacbon, c amin bc hai, R-NH-R. Nu 3 nguyn t H ca NH3 c thay th bi 3 gc hirocacbon, c amin bc ba, R-N-R. R
H N H H Amoniac (Cha vo t c)

..

R N H H Amin ba 1 c

..

R N R' H Amin ba 2 c Ch amin (Cha h c) c t u

..

..
R N R' R" Amin ba 3 c

XIV.2. Cng thc tng qut Amin: CxHyNz x1 z 1 (z = 1: Amin n chc; z 2 : Amin a chc) CxHy z (y z) chn v (y z) 2x + 2 x1 n1 CxHy + n (y + n) chn v (y + n) 2n + 2 n1 k = 0; 1; 2; 3; 4; x1 x1 CxHy 1 (y 1) chn y l v (y 1) 2x + 2 y 2x + 3 x1 CxHy + 1 (y + 1) chn y l v (y + 1) 2x + 2 y 2x + 1

CxHy(NH2)n

CnH2n + 2 2k x (NH2)x

Amin n chc:

CxHyN

CxHy-NH2

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CnH2n + 2 2k 1 NH2 R-NH2

CnH2n + 1 2kNH2

n1 k : 0; 1; 2; 3; 4;

(R: Gc hirocacbon ha tr 1, khc H) CnH2n + 1 NH2 CnH2n +3N R-NH2 (n 1) (n 1) (R: Gc hirocacbon ha tr 1, no, mch h, H)

Amin n chc no mch h:

Bi tp 151 Vit cng thc tng qut c mang nhm chc ca cc cht sau y: a. Amin n chc no mch h. b. Amin a chc, hai nhm chc amin, no, mch h. c. Amin ng ng anilin. d. Amin n chc, cha mt lin kt i, mch h. e. Amin n chc, cha mt vng, no. f. Amin a chc, cha ba nhm chc amin, khng no, cha hai lin kt i C=C, mt lin kt ba CC, c mt vng. g. Amin n chc no mch h, cha 6 nguyn t C trong phn t. Bi tp 151 Vit cng thc tng qut ca cc cht sau y: a. Amin ng ng metylamin. b. Amin thuc dy ng ng vinylamin. c. Amin ng ng iphenylamin. d. Amin ng ng hexametyleniamin. e. Amin ng ng xiclopentylamin (ciclopentylamin). f. Amin n chc cha mt nhn thm, mt vng, mt lin i C=C, mch h. g. Amin a chc cha hai nhm amino, no, mch h, cha 9 nguyn t C trong phn t. h. Cht ng ng o-cresol. XIV.3. Cch c tn (Danh php) Coi cc nhm NH2 (amino), NHR (N-ankylamino), N-R (N-ankyl-N-ankyl R amino) nh l cc nhm th gn vo hirocacbon c mch cacbon di hn. c tn cc gc hirocacbon (lin kt vo N) + amin: R-NH2: Ankylamin.

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Th d: CH3-NH2: (CH5N) Aminometan Metylamin CH3CH2NH2: (C2H5NH2; C2H7N) Aminoetan Etylamin

CH3CH2CH2NH2: 1-Aminopropan; n-Propylamin CH3-CH-CH3 : 2-Aminopropan; Isopropylamin NH2 CH3-NH-CH3 : imetylamin; N,N-imetylamin; N-Metylaminometan CH3-N-CH3 : Trimetylamin; N,N-imetylaminometan CH3 CH3-CH-NH-CH3 : 2-(N-Metylamino)propan; Metylisopropylamin CH3 CH2=CH-NH-CH2-CH=CH2: 1-(N-Vinylamino)propen-2; Vinylalylamin CH3 CH3-CH2-CH-N-CH2-CH3 : 2-(N-Metyl-N-etylamino)butan; Metyletylsec-butylamin CH3

NH2 NH (C6H5-NH2) Anilin Aminobenzen Phenylamin (C6H5-NH-C6H5) Diphenylamin N-Phenylaminobenzen

Bi tp 152 Vit CTCT cc cht sau y: a. Metylamin b. Anilin c. iphenylamin d. Metyletylisopropylamin e. Neopentylamin f. Etinylvinylalylamin g. Trimetylamin h. Phenylxiclohexylamin (Phenylciclohexylamin) i. o-Cresol j. o-Xilen

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k. l. m. n.

Isoamylaxetat (Isoamylacetat) Axit picric (Acid picric) Isopren Ru benzylic (Alcol benzyl)

Bi tp 152 c tn cc cht sau y: a. CH3CH2CH2-NH2 CH3 b. CH3CH2-N-CH2CH3 c. CH2=CH-NH-CH2-CH=CH2 d. CH3-CH-CH2-NH2 CH3 CH3 e. CH3-C-CH2-NH-CH2-CH3 CH3 f. C6H5-NH2 g. C6H5-NH-C6H5 CH3 h. CH3-C-CH2-NH2 CH3 i. C6H5-CH2-NH2 CH3-CH2 j. CH3-CH2-CH2-N-CH2-CH2-CH3 CH3 k. CH2=CH-CH2-N-CH=CH2 l. H2N-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-NH2 m. CH2=CH-COOH n. CH2=CH-Cl XIV.4. Tnh cht ha hc XIV.4.1. Phn ng chy CxHyNz +
Amin

y x + O2 4

xCO2

y H2 O + 2
Hi nc

z N2 2
Kh nit

Kh cacbonic

3n 3 CnH2n + 1NH2 + + O2 2 4 (CnH2n + 3N)

Amin n cht no mch h

0 2n + 3 t nCO2 + H2O 2

1 N2 2

Lu
Sau y l sn phm chy ca cc loi cht hu c:

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CxHy

y x + O2 4

t xCO2 +
Kh cacbonic

y H2O 2
Hi nc

Hirocacbon

CxHyOz

y z x + O2 4 2

t xCO2 +

y H 2O 2

Hp cht nhm chc cha C, H, O

CxHyNz
Amin

y x + O2 4 y x + O2 4

t xCO2

y H2O 2
y H2 O 2

z N2 2
z X2 2
(Hoc HX, ty cht)

CxHyXz

xCO2

Dn xut halogen (X: Cl, Br, I)

CxHyOzNtXu +

y z x + O2 4 2

xCO2

y H2 O + 2

t N2 2

u X2 2

2CxHyOzNat

y t t0 2 x + z + O2 4 2

(2 x t ) CO2

y + H2O + tNa2CO3 2

Mui natri ca hp cht hu c

XIV.4.2. Amin c tnh cht nh mt baz yu

Amin c coi l cc dn xut ca amoniac (NH3), trong cc nguyn t H ca NH3 c thay th bi cc gc hirocacbon. M amoniac l mt baz yu, nn amin l cc baz (baz, base) hu c yu. S d amoniac cng nh cc amin c tnh baz l v lp in t ngoi cng (lp ha tr) ca N trong NH3, cng nh trong cc amin, cn mt i in t t do (cha to lin kt). i in t t do ny c th to lin kt phi tr (lin kt cho - nhn) vi ion H+ (c orbital 1s trng), ngha l NH3, cng nh cc amin c th nhn ion H+ vo phn t ca n. M theo nh ngha ca Bronsted Lowry, cht no nhn c ion H+ th cht l mt baz. Do NH3 cng nh amin l cc baz. Tuy nhin, y l cc baz yu. V yu t no lm cho i in t t do trn N d nhn in t th lm cho tnh baz ca amin cng mnh. Do cc nhm y in t v N nh cc gc hirocacbon mch h (trong amin bc 1, bc 2 mch h) lm tng mnh tnh baz; Cn cc nhm lm phn tn i in t t do trn N (nh trong anilin, iphenylamin) lm gim mnh tnh baz. Th d: mnh tnh baz (baz, base) cc cht tng dn nh sau:

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..
N H iphenylamin

<
Anilin

..

NH2

< NH3 < CH3 NH2 < CH3 NH CH3

Metylamin Amoniac iphenylamin

Triphenylamin, (CH3)3N, l mt amin bc ba mch h, tuy c 3 nhm metyl, CH3-, y in t v N, nhng li c tnh baz yu hn amin bc hai, thm ch yu hn c amin bc mt. Nguyn nhn ca s kin ny l do hiu ng lp th, tuy N c tp trung in tch m nhiu, nhng do ba nhm th -CH3 chim vng khng gian ln, bao quanh N, khin cho ion H+ kh n gn N hn, nn amin bc ba kh nhn H+, v th n c tnh baz yu. iphenylamin, anilin khng lm i mu qu tm, trong khi amoniac, cng nh cc amin mch h lm i mu qu tm ha xanh. Sau y l tr s Kb ca amoniac v ca mt s amin (Kb cng ln, tnh baz cng mnh): (C6H5)2NH (iphenylamin) Kb = 7,60.10-14 C6H5-NH2 (Anilin) Kb = 3,82.10-10 C6H5-NH-CH3 (Phenylmetylamin, N-Metylanilin) Kb = 5,00.10-10 NH3 (Amoniac) Kb = 1,79.10-5 (CH3)3N (Trimetylamin) Kb = 5,45.10-5 CH3-NH2 (Metylamin) Kb = 4,38.10-4 Kb = 5,20.10-4 CH3-NH-CH3 (imetylamin) CH3-CH2-NH2 (Etylamin) Kb = 5,60.10-4 (CH3-CH2)3N (Trietylamin) Kb = 6,40.10-4 Kb = 9,60.10-4 (CH3-CH2)2NH (ietylamin)

a. Cc amin c khi lng phn t nh nh CH3NH2 (metylamin), (CH3)2NH (imetylamin), (CH3)3N (trimetylamin), CH3CH2NH2 (etylamin), l cc cht kh iu kin thng, c mi khai c trng, ha tan nhiu trong nc v tc dng mt phn vi nc, to dung dch c tnh baz, pH > 7, lm i mu qi tm ha xanh. Cc tnh cht vt l, ha hc ca cc amin c khi lng phn t nh ny c bn ging nh amoniac (NH3).
Th d: CH3NH2
Metylamin

+ H 2O

Nc

Metylamoni hiroxit

CH3NH3OH

(CH3)2NH + H2O
imetylamin

imetylamoni hiroxit

(CH3)2NH2OH

(CH3)3N

Trimetylamin

+ H 2O + H2O

Trimetylamoni hiroxit

(CH3)3NHOH

CH3CH2NH2
Etylamin

Nc

CH3CH2NH3OH
Etylamoni hiroxit

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b. Amin tc dng axit, to mui

R-NH2 + H+
Amin Axit

R-NH3+
Mui ca amin

Do amin l baz yu, nn khi cho mui ca amin tc dng vi dung dch baz mnh (hiroxit kim loi kim, kim th) th amin b y ra khi mui. R-NH3+
Mui ca amin

OH
Baz mnh

R-NH2 + H2O
Amin Nc

Th d: CH3-NH2
Metylamin

+ HCl

CH3-NH3Cl
Metylamoni clorua

Axit clohiric

CH3-NH3Cl

+ NaOH

CH3-NH2 +
Metylamin

H2O + NaCl
Nc Natri clorua

Metylamoni clorua 2CH3-NH-CH3 imetylamin

Dung dch xt

+ H2SO4
Axit sunfuric

[(CH3)2NH2]2SO4 + 2H2O + K2SO4

imetylamoni sunfat (Sulfat dimetylamonium)

[(CH3)2NH2]2SO4 + 2KOH
imetylamoni sunfat

2(CH3)2NH
imetylamoni

Kali hiroxit

NH2

Anilin Phenylamin (kho g tan, dd uc) n

HCl Axit clohiric

+

NH3Cl Phenylamoni clorua (tan, dd trong)

NH3Cl + NaOH dd Xu t Phenylamoni clorua (tan, dd trong)

NH2

NaCl

H2O

Anilin (kho g tan, dd uc) n

Ch C.1. Ngi ta thng vn dng tnh cht ny tch ly ring amin ra khi hn hp cc cht hu c: Cho hn hp cc cht hu c c cha amin tc dng vi axit clohiric, ch c amin tc dng to mui tan trong nc. Tch ly dung dch nc c cha mui ca amin (hoc c cn dung dch ui cc cht hu c khc bay i, ch cn li mui ca amin), sau cho dung dch xt lng d vo mui ny, s ti to c amin.

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C.2. Cng c th cn c vo tnh cht c trng trn ca anilin nhn bit anilin: Cht lng c mi c trng, rt t tan trong nc v nng hn nc, t khi d > 1, nn khi cho anilin vo nc th thy nc c, mt lc sau c s phn lp, anilin nm lp di. Nu cho tip dung dch axit clohiric vo th thy nc trong (v c phn ng, to mui tan). Nu cho tip dung dch xt vo th li thy nc c (l do c s ti to anilin khng tan). C.3. Khi cho amin tc dng vi axit sunfuric thiu, th c s to mui sunfat trung tnh; Cn khi cho amin tc dng vi axit sunfuric d, th c s to mui sunfat axit. Nguyn nhn ca tnh cht ny l do vi H2SO4 c d, n s phn ng tip vi mui sunfat trung tnh to mui sunfat axit (Chc axit th nht ca H2SO4 mnh hn chc th nh, nn H2SO4 tc dng vi SO42 to HSO4). Hoc c th hiu l vi H2SO4 c d, c nhiu H+, nn ch cn 1 H axit ca H2SO4 trung ha amin, do c s to mui sunfat axit; Ch khi no thiu H2SO4, c d amin, th mi cn H axit th hai ca H2SO4, nn c s to mui sunfat trung tnh.
Th d:
2

NH2

u H2SO4(thie ) Axit sunfuric (thie ) u

NH3 SO4
2

Anilin Phenylamin NH2 Anilin Phenylamin

+

Phenylamoni sunfat

H2SO4(d)

NH3 HSO 4 Phenylamoni sunfat axit

Axit sunfuric (d)

IV.4.3. Anilin tc dng nc brom Benzen khng tc dng vi nc brom, nhng anilin tc dng d vi nc brom, to sn phm th brom khng tan, c mu trng. Anilin va lm mt mu nu ca nc brom, va to kt ta vi nc brom, l do c phn ng th i in t (thn in t) ca brom vo nhn thm ca anilin v to sn phm th khng tan.
NH2
+

NH2 Br 3Br2 N brom c Br

Br
+

3HBr

Anilin

2,4,6-Tribrom anilin (Cha kho g tan, ma tra g) t n u n

Phn ng gia anilin vi nc brom cho thy nh hng ca nhm amino (NH2) n nhm phenyl (C6H5) trong phn t anilin: Nhm amino y in t vo nhm phenyl, khin c s tp trung mt in tch m nhiu cc v tr 2, 4, 6 (v tr orto, para) i

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vi nhm amino, nn cc nhm th i in t (thn in t) c mang mt phn in tch dng Br+ (ca Br2) d th vo cc v tr 2, 4, 6 ny. ng thi nhm phenyl (C6H5) rt in t, lm phn tn i in t do trn N ca nhm amino (NH2) khin cho anilin kh nhn ion H+, nn lm gim tnh baz ca anilin. C th, amoniac cng nh cc amin mch h c th lm i mu qu tm ha xanh, cn anilin c tnh baz yu hn, khng lm i mu qu tm ha xanh.

Bi tp 153 Hy gii thch v cho th d minh ha cho thy c s nh hng qua li gia nhm amino (NH2) vi nhm phenyl (C6H5) trong phn t anilin. Bi tp 153 Hy gii thch v cho th d bng phn ng minh ha cho thy c s nh hng qua li gia nhm hiroxyl (OH) vi nhm phenyl (C6H5) trong phn t phenol. Bi tp 154 Nhn bit 7 cht lng khng mu sau y: Benzen; Phenol; Anilin; n-Propylamin; Axit axetic (Acid acetic); Benzanehit (Benzaldehid); Axeton (Aceton). Bi tp 154 Bng phng php ha hc, tch ly ring mi cht ra khi hn hp gm: Benzen; Phenol v Anilin IV.5. iu ch Dng hiro nguyn t mi sinh kh hp cht nitro to thnh amin.
R-NO2
Hp cht nitro

6 [H]

Fe / HCl

R-NH2 + 2H2O
Amin Nc

Hiro nguyn t mi sinh

Th d:
0 Fe/HCl CH3 NO2 + 6[H] n m Nitrometan Hiro nguye t i sinh (ang sinh) (Chaoxi ho) t a (Chakh t )

+3

CH3 NH2 + Metylamin

-3 +1

2H2O

+1

+3

NO2 Nitrobenzen (Chaoxi ho) t a

+ 6 [H]

Fe/HCl

-3 +1

+1

NH2 + H2O Anilin

H nguye t i sinh n m (chakh t )

Anilin to ra trong mi trng axit c d (HCl c d) n hin din dng mui, cn thm baz mnh (nh dung dch xt, NaOH) ti to amin.

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NH2 + HCl

NH3Cl

HCl

NaOH NH3Cl
+ NaOH

NaCl

H2O NH2 + NaCl + H2O Anilin

Phenylamoni clorua

Ngoi ra, c th iu ch amin bng cch cho ankyl ha amoniac (NH3) bng ankyl halogenua (RX) un nng; hoc ankyl ha amoniac (NH3) bng ru (ROH), c Nhm oxit (Oxid nhm, Al2O3) hay Thori oxit (Oxid thorium, ThO2) lm xc tc v nung nng nhit cao. Th d: CH3-I + +
Metylamin Amoniac

NH3

Metylamin t

CH3-NH2

+ HI
Hidro iodua

CH3-I

CH3-NH2

CH3-NH-CH3
Dimetylamin t

+ HI + HI

CH3-I + CH3-NH-CH3 CH3-CH2-OH + NH3

Trimetylamin Al2O3 (ThO2), t

(CH3)3N

Ru etylic

Amoniac

CH3-CH2-NH2 + H2O
Etylamin

CH3-CH2-OH + CH3-CH2-NH2
Ru etylic Etylamin

Al2O3 (ThO2), t

CH3CH2NHCH2CH3 + H2O
ietylamin

Bi tp 155 A l mt cht hu c. Kh A bng hiro nguyn t mi sinh th thu c cht hu c B. B l hp cht cha mt nhm chc, c tnh baz, c t khi so vi hiro bng 28,5. 1. Xc nh CTPT ca A. 2. Xc nh cc CTCT c th c ca A. 3. Xc nh CTCT ng ca A. nu gc hidro gn vo nhm chc bc nht. Vit cc phn ng xy ra. (C = 12; H = 1; N = 14; O = 16) S: C3H7NO2; 1-Nitropropan Bi tp 155 Hn hp A gm hai amin thuc dy ng ng anilin c khi lng phn t hn km nhau 14 vC. Cho bit 13,21 gam hn hp A tc dng va vi 100 ml dung dch HCl 1,3M. a. Xc nh CTCT c th c ca cc amin trong hn hp A.

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b. Tnh % khi lng mi cht trong hn hp A. c. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng iu ch amin c khi lng phn t nh trong hn hp A t kh thin nhin. Cc cht v c, xc tc coi nh c sn. (C = 12; H = 1; N = 14) S: 35,20% anilin; 64,80% C7H7NH2

Bi tp 156 t chy hon ton m gam cht hu c A bng 10,36 lt O2 (ktc) va . Sn phm chy gm CO2, H2O v N2. Dn tt c sn phm chy qua bnh ng dung dch NaOH d, thy khi lng bnh tng thm 19,45 gam v c 0,56 lt mt kh tr (ktc) thot ra. a. Tnh m. b. Xc nh CTPT ca A. Bit rng nu dng 100 ml dung dch NaOH 8M hp th sn phm chy th sau phi cn dng 50 ml dung dch HCl 2M trung ha lng baz cn d v t khi hi ca A so vi oxi nh hn 3,5. c. Xc nh CTCT c th c ca A, bit rng c th iu ch A t toluen bng hai phn ng lin tip. Vit cc phn ng xy ra. c tn A. (C = 12; H = 1; O = 16; N = 14) S: m = 5,35g; C7H9N; A: o-Toluiin; p- Toluiin; Benzylamin Bi tp 156 A l mt cht hu c c cha nit. t chy hon ton m gam A cn dng 17,64 lt khng kh (ktc). Sn phm chy gm kh cacbonic, hi nc v kh nit. Cho tt c cc cht sau phn ng chy hp th vo bnh ng dung dch Ba(OH)2 c d. Khi lng bnh ng tng thm 6,39 gam cn khi lng dung dch th gim 11,34 gam so vi khi lng dung dch Ba(OH)2 lc u. C 14,448 lt mt kh tr (ktc) thot ra. a. Tnh m. b. Xc nh CTPT ca A. Bit rng CTPT ca A cng l cng thc n gin ca n. Khng kh gm 20% O2, 80% N2 theo th tch. Cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. c. Xc nh cc CTCT c th c ca A v c tn cc cht ny. d. A l mt amin bc 3. Xc nh CTCT ng ca A. Vit phng trnh phn ng gia A vi: - H 2O - HCl - Dung dch FeCl3 - Vit cc phng trnh phn ng iu ch A t metan bng hai cch (cc cht v c, xc tc c sn) (C = 12; H = 1; O = 16; N = 14; Ba = 137) S: m = 1,77g; C3H9N; 4 CTCT

CU HI N PHN XIV
1. Amin l g? Th no l amin bc 1, amin bc 2, amin bc 3? Cho th d c th. 2. Bc ca amin khc vi bc ca ru nh th no? Cho th d minh ha.

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3. c tn cc cht sau y:
CH3 NH2 CH3 NH CH3 CH3 N CH3 CH3 NH CH3 CH2 NH2 CH3 NH CH2 CH2 CH NH2 CH CH3 NH2 NH2

4. Vit CTCT cc cht sau y: Anilin; Etylamin; 1-Aminopropan; imetylamin; Aminoetan; iphenylamin; Phenylamoni clorua; Trimetylamin; Metylamoni sunfat axit; Stiren; Metyletylamin; Toluen; imetyletylamin; Axit picric; 2-Aminopropan; o-Cresol; p-Xilen; Vinylamin; Isopren; Vinyl axetat; Thy tinh hu c (Plexiglas); Isoamyl axetat; Trietylamin. 5. Hy gii thch v vit phn ng minh ha cho thy nh hng qua li gia nhm amino (NH2) vi nhm phenyl (C6H5) trong phn t anilin. 6. Gii thch ti sao amin c tnh baz. Vit phng trnh phn ng minh ha tnh baz ca amin v l mt baz yu. 7. So snh (c gii thch) mnh tnh baz ca cc cht (sp theo mnh tnh baz tng dn): Amoniac, Anilin, Metylamin, iphenylamin; imetylamin. 8. Ti sao metylamin c tnh baz mnh hn amoniac, cn anilin th c tnh baz yu hn amoniac? 9. Ti sao amoniac cng nh cc amin bc 1, bc 2 c nhit si cao hn cc hp cht cng ha tr c khi lng phn t xp x (khng k ru, axit hu c)? 10. Ti sao cc amin nh metylamin, imetylamin, trimetylamin, etylamin tc dng c vi cc dung dch mui ca cc kim loi (khc kim loi kim, kim th)? Vit ba phn ng minh ha. 11. (Sch GK Ha Hc 12 Ban Khoa Hc T Nhin, 1997) Vit y cc phng trnh phn ng c ghi r iu kin cn thit thc hin s cc chuyn ha sau: CH4 C2H2 C6H6 C6H5NO2 C6H5NH2 C6H5NH3+ SO4H 12. (Sch GK Ha Hc 12 Ban Khoa Hc T Nhin, 1997) Cho anilin tc dng vi nc brom 3% (khi lng ring 1,3 g/ml). a) Tm th tch nc brom cn iu ch 3,3 gam tribromanilin.

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b) Khi cho nc brom c d vo mt dung dch anilin trong nc ngi ta c 4,4 gam kt ta. Tnh khi lng anilin c trong dung dch trn. Gi thit rng hiu sut phn ng l 100%. (C = 12; H = 1; N = 14; Br = 80) S: 1,23 lt; 1,24 gam

13. (Sch GK Ha Hc 12 Ban Khoa Hc T Nhin, 1997) Hy gii thch cc hin tng: a) Khc vi metan, metylamin d tan trong nc. b) Khi ra dng c thy tinh ng anilin ngi ta khng dng dung dch kim m dng dung dch axit, sau ra li bng nc. 14. Vit CTCT, c tn v xc nh bc ca cc amin c CTPT: C2H7N; C3H9N; C4H11N 15. Ti sao amin bc hai c tnh baz mnh hn amin bc mt, cn amin bc ba li c tnh baz yu hn amin bc hai? 16. t chy hon ton 1,18 gam amin n chc B bng mt lng khng kh va . Dn ton b hn hp kh sau phn ng vo bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH)2 d, uc 6 gam kt ta v c 9,632 lt kh (ktc) duy nht thot khi bnh. a) Tm cng thc phn t ca B; b) Vit cc cng thc cu to c th c ca B v gi tn. Gi thit trong khng kh c 20% O2 v 80% N2 v th tch. (C = 12; H = 1; N = 14; Ca = 40; O = 16) (TSH khi A, nm 2006) S: C3H9N; 4 CTCT 17. a) Dng hai a thy tinh, a th nht c nhng vo dung dch HCl c, a th hai nhng vo etylamin (ts = 16,6C). Ly hai a ra khi dung dch v a li gn nhau s thy khi trng nh sng m bay ln. Gii thch hin tung nu trn v vit phng trnh phn ng. b) Vit phung trnh phn ng gia cc cp hp cht sau: CH3NH2 v HCl, CH3NH2 (1 mol) v H2SO4 (1 mol), CH3NH2 (2 mol) v H2SO4 (1 mol), CH3NH2 v CH3COOH. c) trung ha 50 ml dung dch metylamin cn 30,65 ml dung dch HCl 0,1M. Tnh nng % metylamin trong dung dch. Gi s khi tan vo nc, metylamin khng lm thay i th tch dung dch. (C = 12; H = 1; N = 14; O = 16) (Sch Bi tp Ha Hc lp 12) S: 0,19% 18. Hn hp A gm 4 hp cht hu c no n chc mch h l ng phn ca nhau. Bn hp cht u d phn ng vi dung dch HCl. Phn t ca mi cht u cha cc nguyn t C, H v 23,7% N. Vit cng thc cu to ca 4 hp cht hu c v tnh khi lng ca hn hp A, bit khi t chy hn hp A cho 4,48 lt N2 (o ktc).

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(C = 12; H = 1; N = 14) (Sch Bi tp Ha Hc lp 12) S: 23,6 gam hn hp C3H9N

19. t chy hon ton 1,605 gam hp cht A thu uc 4,62 gam CO2, 1,215 gam H2O v 168 cm3 N2 (o ktc). a) Tnh thnh phn % cc nguyn t. b) 3,21 gam hp cht A phn ng ht vi 30 ml dung dch HCl 1M. Vit cc cng thc cu to c th c ca A, bit A l ng ng ca anilin. (C = 12; H = 1; O = 16; N = 14) (Sch Bi tp Ha Hc lp 12) S: 78,5% C; 8,4% H; 13,1% N; C7H9N (3 CTCT) 20. Cho 500 gam benzen phn ng vi hn hp HNO3 c v H2SO4. Nitrobenzen sinh ra c kh thnh anilin. a) Tnh khi lng nitrobenzen v anilin thu c, bit hiu sut mi giai on u t 78%. b) Lng nitrobenzen cha tham gia phn ng kh c em kh tip thnh anilin. Tnh hiu sut phn ng kh ln th hai, bit thu thm c 71,61 gam anilin. c) Cho bit phng php ha hc xc nhn rng trong sn phm anilin cn ln nitrobenzen. (C = 12; H = 1; N = 14; O = 16) (Sch Bi tp Ha Hc lp 12) S: 615 gam; 362,7 gam; HS 70%; Nitrobenzen khng tan trong dung dch HCl 21. a) Vit y cc phng trnh phn ng ca dy chuyn ha sau:
HNO3 c (1 mol) Fe, HCl (d) NaOH Br2

C6H 6 A B C D (1 mol) H2SO4 c b) T toluen v cc ha cht v c cn thit hy vit cc phung trnh phn ng iu ch ra nhng cht ng ng ca anilin: o-toluiin (o-CH3C6H4NH2) v p-toluiin (p-CH3C6H4NH2) (Sch Bi tp Ha Hc lp 12)

22. Cho 27,60 gam hn hp gm anlin, phenol, axit axetic v ru etylic. Ha tan hn hp trong n-hexan ri chia thnh ba phn bng nhau. (Trong iu kin ny, coi nh anilin khng tc dng vi axit axetic). Phn th nht tc dng vi Na (d) cho 1,68 lt kh (o ktc). Phn th hai tc dng vi nc brom (d) cho 9,91 gam kt ta. Phn th ba phn ng ht vi 18,5 ml dung dch NaOH 11% (khi lng ring 1,1 g/ml). Tnh thnh phn % khi lng cc cht trong hn hp, bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. (C = 12; H = 1; O = 16; N = 14; Br = 80; Na = 23) (Sch Bi tp Ha Hc lp 12) S: 8,36%; 22,47%; 22,17%; 47,00%

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23. a) Phn bit cc hp cht trong tng nhm sau bng phng php ha hc v vit phng trnh phn ng: - Dung dch anilin v dung dch amoniac. - Anilin v xiclohexylamin (C6H11NH2). - Anilin v phenol. b) Cho mt hn hp gm ba cht: benzen, phenol v anilin. Bng phng php ha hc lm th no c th tch ly tng cht? Vit cc phng trnh phn ng. (Sch Bi tp Ha Hc lp 12) 24. A l mt cht ng ng anilin, c cha 8 nguyn t C trong phn t. S cng thc cu to c th c ca A l: a) 7 b) 8 c) 9 d) Nhiu hn 9 25. Cht hu c X ng ng ca alylamin c thnh phn trm khi lng Hiro l 12,94%. Cng thc phn t ca X l: b) C4H9N a) C2H5N c) C6H13N d) C5H11N (C = 12; H = 1; N = 14) 26. Xt cc cht: (1): Amoniac; (2): Metylamin; (3): imetylamin; (4): Anilin; (5): iphenylamin mnh tnh baz cc cht trn tng dn nh sau: a) (1) < (2) < (3) < (4) < (5) b) (5) < (4) < (3) < (2) < (1) c) (4) < (1) < (2) < (5) < (3) d) (5) < (4) < (1) < (2) < (3) 26. Ly 1,25 mol benzen em nitro ha, thu c nitrobenzen (hiu sut 80%). em lng nitrobenzen thu c kh bng hiro nguyn t ang sinh (mi sinh) bng cch cho nitrobenzen tc dng vi bt st trong dung dch HCl c d (hiu sut 100%), thu uc cht hu c X. Khi lung cht X thu c l: a) 93,00 gam b) 129,50 gam c) 116,25 gam d) 103,60 gam (C = 12; H = 1; N = 14; Cl = 35,5; O = 16)