Chuyn Thng tin Quang

MC LC
Li ni u......2 1. Tng quan............3 1.1. c im, yu cu i vi cp quang ..... 3 1.2. Kh nng ca si v cp quang........ ..3 2. Cu trc cp quang.......... .....5 2..1. Cu trc tng qut ca cp quang ..... ......5 2..1.1.Phn li.............................6 2..1.2.V cp............. 10 3. Phn loi cp quang:........11 3.1. Phn loi theo cu trc:...11 3.2. Phn loi theo mc ch s dng.....................11 3.3. Phn loi theo iu kin lp t...........................11 3.3.1. Cp treo..............................12 3.3.2. Cp t trong cng...........14 3.3.3. Cp chn trc tip....................16 3.3.4. Cp t trong nh.....................19 3.3.5. Cp ngp nc v th bin...........20 4. M mu trong cp.........22 5. o th cp quang v o bo dng..........................25 5.1. Khi qut....................25 5.2. Mc ch ca o th.........................25 5.3. o th bo dng......................26 6. Cc bin php bo v cp quang......................27 6.1. chn su cp.................27 6.2. Chng mi v chng chut................29 6.3. Chng nh hng ca st..............29 Ti Liu Tham Kho..............31
1 2 3

PHN CNG NHIM V TNG THNH VIN L Vn Hip Mc 1,2 Nguyn Thi Ha Mc 3,4 Nguyn Vn Ho Mc 5,6

Chuyn Thng tin Quang

LI NI U
Hin ny cc h thng thng tin quang chim hu ht cc tuyn truyn dn quan trng trn mng li vin thng quc t, v c coi l phng thc truyn dn c hiu qu nht trn cc tuyn vt bin v xuyn lc a. p ng nhu cu truyn ti ln do s bng n thng tin, mng truyn dn i hi phi c s pht trin mnh v c quy m v trnh cng ngh nhm to ra cc cu trc mng hin i bao gm c cc h thng thng tin quang. Cc h thng thng tin quang trong thi gian ti phi m bo c tc cao, c ly xa, tin cy cao Trong ton b h thng th ng tin quang phn khng th thiu c chnh l Cp Quang. H thng thng tin quang c nhiu u im hn cc h thng khc mt phn chnh l nh mi trng truyn dn l cp quang. V vy, nhm chn ti Cp Quang lm chuyn nghin cu gip chng em tm hiu su hn . Do thi gian hn hp v kin thc bn thn cn hn ch v vy chuyn ca nhm khng th trnh c nhng thiu st. Nn chng em mong cc thy c trong b mn v cc bn trong lp nh gi v ng gp nhiu kin chuyn c y , chnh xc v hon thin hn. Trong qu trnh lm bi, chng em c nhn c s hng dn chi tit ca thy Nguyn c Nhn v gp ca cc bn trong lp. Chng em xin gi li cm n n thy v cc bn.

Chuyn Thng tin Quang

SI QUANG
1. Tng quan 1.1. c im, yu cu i vi cp quang Cng nh cp kim loi, cp quang cng c cc yu cu, c im cn phi p ng. Trc ht, c lp v bao bn ngoi bo v si cp quang khi nh hng ca mi trng nh cn trng, m hoc cc lc c hc tc ng. Cp cn phi p ng cc yu cu sau: - Khng b nh hng bi nhiu in t. - Khng thm nc, lt nc. - Chng c cc nh hng ca cc tc ng c hc nh va chm, lc ko, nn, lc un cong - n nh khi nhit thay i, nht l khi nhit rt thp c tc ng co gin si. - t b bo ho, c thi gian lm vic lu. - Trng lng nh v kch thc b. 1.2. Kh nng ca si v cp quang Dung lng ln : 4 Terabit trn giy (Tera l mt nghn t) c thc hin thnh cng qua mt si quang di 160 km. Gi tr 14 Tbit/s (111 Gb/s 140 knh) vt xa , k lc hin nay (khong 10 Tbit/s) Kch thc v trng lng: nh do d dng lp t Khng b nhiu: bi cc tn hin in, in t hoc thm ch c bc x nh sng Tnh cch in :do c lm t thy tinh, khng cha vt cht dn in nn rt an ton khi s dng trong cc mi trng i hi tnh an ton cao Tnh bo mt cao: do khng th b trch ly trm thng tin bng cc phng tin in thng thng tin cy cao : do cp quang c thit k thch hp c th chu ng c nhng iu kin v nhit v m khc nghit v thm ch c th hot ng
3

Chuyn Thng tin Quang di nc

Tnh linh hot: do cc h thng thng tin quang u kh dng cho hu ht cc dng thng tin s liu, thoi v video. Cc h thng ny u c th tng thch vi cc chun RS.232, RS422, V.35, Ethernet, Arcnet, FDDI, T1, T2, T3, Sonet, thoi 2/4 dy, tn hiu E/M, video tng hp v cn nhiu na D dng nng cp: khi ch cn thay th thit b thu pht quang cn h thng cp si quang vn c th c d nguyn Cp quang dng nh sng truyn dn tn hiu, do t suy hao v thng c dng cho kt ni khong cch xa. Ngy nay, Internet tr thnh mt nhu cu thit yu, gip mi ngi khp ni trn th gii c th giao tip, trao i, hc tp, mua sm, gii tr d dng, nhanh chng. Cc ng dng, dch v trn Internet cng ngy cng pht trin theo, iu ny i hi tc , bng thng kt ni Internet cao v cp quang tr thnh la chn s mt FTTH (Fiber To Home) l mt in hnh. FTTH p ng cc dch v lun i hi mng kt ni tc cao nh IPTV, hi ngh truyn hnh, video trc tuyn, gim st t xa IP Camera

Trc y, cp quang ch dng kt ni cc ng trc chnh ca quc gia, nh cung cp dch v, doanh nghip ln v chi ph kh cao. Nhng hin nay, cp quang c s dng kh rng ri cc doanh nghip va, nh, cc trng i hc v ngi s dng thng thng. Bi vit gii thiu c bn v cp quang v cc u ni, gip bn c hiu c thng s k thut trn cc ti liu, thng tin sn phm quang. Cp quang dng nh sng truyn dn tn hiu, do t suy hao v thng c dng cho kt ni khong cch xa. Trong khi cp ng s dng dng in truyn tn hiu, d b suy hao trong qu trnh truyn v c khong cch kt ni ngn hn.

Chuyn Thng tin Quang

2. Cu trc cp quang 2.1.Cu trc tng qut ca cp quang Chng loi cp quang trong ngnh cng nghip cp cu trc v cng a dng. ng vi mi loi mi trng khc nhau, cu to cp quang cng c ch to khc nhau tng thch. Cp quang thng c cu to t cc thnh phn c bn sau: si quang (fiber), lp bo v (coating), lp ng m bo v (buffer), lp chu lc (strength members) v lp v ngoi bo v (jacket).

Si quang (fiber) bao gm 2 thnh phn l li (core) v lp phn x (cladding). Trong li thng c lm bng si thy tinh (glass) hoc nha (plastic) dng lan truyn nh sng; lp phn x c cu to tng t nh li, nhng c chit xut nh hn v bao bc xung quanh li gip nh sng phn x tr li li.

Lp bo v (coating): thng c lm bng nha PVC dng bo v si quang trnh b try xc trong sut qu trnh sn xut cp quang.

Lp ng m bo v (buffer) : thng c chia lm 2 loi gm ng m cht (tight buffer) v ng m khng cht (loose buffer). -Loi ng m cht c lm bng nha do, t b tc ng ca nhit, c un cong tt nn thng c s dng ch to cc loi dy u ni (patch cord). -Loi ng m khng cht l loi ng bng nha c ng knh ln hn ng knh ca si quang, cho php cha nhiu si quang bn trong gip cho si quang co gin t nhin khi nhit ca mi trng thay i. Ngoi ra, bn trong ng m cn c thm mt lp cht nhn ngn m, chng chy v gip lm sch si quang d dng khi cn hn hoc bm u ni cp. Vi nhiu u im trn nn n thng c dng trong cc ng truyn dn cao v trong iu kin mi trng thay i nhiu nh ngoi tri.

Cp Quang

Nhm 13 - Lp 08TCVT1-3

Chuyn Thng tin Quang

Loi tight buffer

Loi loose buffer

Lp chu lc (strength members): c lm bng si gia cng aramid yarn (Kevlar). Trong qu trnh lp t v thi cng, lp chu lc s bo v cp quang khng b t trc cc lc ko cp qu ln. Lp v ngoi bo v (jacket): l lp bo v ngoi cng, c kh nng chu va p, nhit v chu mi mn cao, bo v phn bn trong trnh m t v cc nh hng t mi trng nh cc tia hng ngoi. Lp v bo v c phn loi theo mi trng s dng v tiu ch chng chy.

Cu to cp quang

Cp Quang

Nhm 13 - Lp 08TCVT1-3

Chuyn Thng tin Quang 2.1.1.Phn li

A. Phn t gia cng (strength members).

Phn t gia cng c t trong li cp quang to ra sc chu lc cng v sc chng co m bo cho cp c n nh khi lp t cp, khi nhit ca mi trng thay i. Phn t gia cng phi l vt liu nh, mm do c modul n hi cao... Phn t gia cng c th l: + Kim loi: thng l cc loi dy thp c t ti tm hoc v ca cp khi dng thp phi ch chng n mn v chng in p cao do st nh. + Phi kim loi: Thng l dy thu tinh Plastic tng cng(G-FRP) hoc l cc si amid. Thng t tm cp c mm do cao(hoc t phn tn trong v cp)

Cc cch t phn t gia cng trong li cp quang: 1 3 2

2

1 2 3

3 2 1

Hnh 2.3: Cch t phn t gia cng. 1.Phn t gia cng. 2. Li cp. 3. ng m.

Cp Quang

Nhm 13 - Lp 08TCVT1-3

Chuyn Thng tin Quang

Cc c tnh ca phn t gia cng:

Vt liu

Trng Lng ring

Modul n hi kg/mm2

ng sut im un kg/mm2

co dn im un % 0,2-1,0 1,0-1,5 3

ng sut ti im gy kg/mm2 50-300 150-250 300

gin ti im gy %

Dy thp Si Cacbon Dy thu tinh Plastic Si t (kevlar) 49 Si t (Kevlar) 29

7,86 1,5 2,48

20.103 1020.103 9.103

40-150 150-200 300

20-25 1,5 2,4

1,44 1,44

13.103 6.103

300 70

2 1,2

300 300

2 4

Bng 2.2: Cc c tnh ca phn t gia cng.

B .ng m v khi m (buffer) : l cc vt liu Plastic qun hnh trn

c quanh li cp.

Cp Quang

Nhm 13 - Lp 08TCVT1-3

Chuyn Thng tin Quang

ng m lng mt si

ng m cht mt si

Khi cc bng dt

t trong li rnh ch V

C . Cht n v cht in y - Trong ng m lng: . Cht in y phi trung tnh khng to ra hydro, khng ng bng v khng dn n trong di nhit t -30 +70 0C. . L cht gien c c tnh l th lng khi b khuy ng v th c khi ng yn.

- Trong li cp: . Cht in y c ng sut cao, c cc thnh phn khng nh hng n c tnh ca phn t khc, khng lm phnh v PE v c h s dn n tng i thp. Lp chn l sn phm du m c tnh n hi, chu nhit v kt dnh bao bc li Cp Quang
9

Nhm 13 - Lp 08TCVT1-3

Chuyn Thng tin Quang cp, va ng vai tr chng thm nc, va gn kt li v v cp thnh mt khi vng chc nhng khng lm gim tnh mm mi ca cp. . Cp trong nh khng phi in y li cp. bo v cc phn t bn trong li cp s dng bng mng plastic qun quanh li. . Ngoi ra t thm mt bng giy rng khong 6mm trn li cp sut dc chiu di cp, trn c ghi khong cch theo mt. Cng c th ghi chiu di theo mt ngay trn v ngoi ca cp.

2.1.2.V cp

bo v li cp khi b nh hng t bn ngoi. Cc v plastic (mt hoc nhiu v) bao bc li cp. a> V ngoi cng lm t PVC, Polyethyleen v Polymethame-loi ny c c tnh c hc tt, chng chy c m cho php cao. PE c tnh c v ho tt, chng chy km, h s ma st thp thun li cho khi ko cp vo cng. b> c> V trong cng thng dng Polymthame v n mm do. Lp chn hi m thng l nhm mng qun kn li cp v pha trong v lp ngoi cng: Khi v ngoi b phng ln th lp cc l nhm ny vn m cht lp pha trong nh vy ngn c nc ang nm trong lp v ngoi thm vo trong. d> V bo v bng kim loi ( Armuor) bng cc si thp hoc bng thp c mi c dng cho cp chn trc tip bo v cc ng sut xuyn tm v chng gm nhm.
.

Cp Quang

10

Nhm 13 - Lp 08TCVT1-3

Chuyn Thng tin Quang 3.Phn loi cp quang: Ngi ta phn loi cp quang theo nhiu loi khc nhau thun li cho vic nghin cu. 3.1. Phn loi theo cu trc: Cp c cu trc c in: Cc si hoc cc nhm si quang c phn b i xng theo hng xoay vng ng tm, loi cu trc ny rt ph bin. Cp c li trc c rnh: Cc si hoc cc nhm si c t trn cc rnh c sn trn mt li ca cp. Cp c cu trc bng dt: Nhiu si quang c ghp trn cng mt bng v trong rut cp c nhiu bng xp chng ln nhau. Cp c cu trc c bit: Do nhu cu, trong cp c th c cc dy kim loi cp ngun t xa, cnh bo, lm cc ng nghip v hoc cp i trong nh ch cn hai si l .

3.2. Phn loi theo mc ch s dng - Cp dng trn mng thu bao, ni ht, nng thn. - Cp trung k gia cc tng i. - Cp ng di. 3.3. Phn loi theo iu kin lp t - Cp treo ngoi tri. - Cp t trong ng nc. - Cp chn trc tip. - Cp ngp nc v th bin. - Cp dng trong nh v cp nhy

Cp Quang

11

Nhm 13 - Lp 08TCVT1-3

Chuyn Thng tin Quang 3.3.1.Cp treo Cu trc c bn ca si cp c m t nh hnh 2.1 Dy treo cp: c cu to t nhiu si thp (7 si) m km xon li vi nhau. Kch thc dy treo c quy nh nh sau: Stt 1 2 3 4 Loi cp Dung lng 48 si Dung lng trn 48 si n 96 si Dung lng trn 96 si n 200 si Dung lng trn 200 si n 600 si Kch thc dy treo cp ti thiu 1 mm cho mi si ti thiu 1,2 mm cho mi si ti thiu 1,3 mm cho mi si ti thiu 1,5 mm cho mi si

Cp quang treo Dy bn gia cng: c t di lp bng Mylar chng nc l tp hp gm nhiu si aramid va c chc nng gia cng s cp gip tng kh nng chu lc ca li si cp va c kh nng ngn hi m. Thng thng, bn cnh cc si dy bn gia cng c i km thnh phn hp cht chng nc xm nhp c ch to bng loi ha cht c bit gi l Super Absorbent Polymer S.A.P Bng chng nc: c cu to gm mt lp bng Mylar bao bc bn ngoi li si cp quang, c tc dng: Ngn s xm nhp ca nc; Khng dn in, cch nhit, kh chy, chng nm mc.
12

Cp Quang

Nhm 13 - Lp 08TCVT1-3

Chuyn Thng tin Quang ng m: c s dng t cc si quang bn trong, c lm bng vt liu Polybutylene Terephthalate c tc dng: Gia tng bn ko, cch nhit bo v si quang bc lp ph s cp. Lp m s dng cho cp treo ngoi tri l loi lp m lng c ng knh t 1,5 n 2,5mm. Cc ng m c sp xp xon o chiu SZ theo trc ca si chu lc trung tm. Trong trng hp dung lng cp khng cho php s ng m to s trn u cho si cp, yu cu s dng thm ng m ph

Thng thng ngn nc v hi m xm nhp vo li si quang, trong lp ng m lng s s dng thm cht in y. Cht in y phi m bo: khng c, khng gy tc hi cho sc khe, khng c mi kh chu, khng dn in, chng nm mc. Si gia cng phi kim loi (thnh phn chu lc trung tm): phi c c tnh: m bo cho si quang khng b cng qu trong iu kin vn chuyn, lp t v khai thc. m bo mm do trong thi cng. L thnh phn phi kim loi lm bng vt liu Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP) c cu to trn u Vt liu l hp cht H.D.P.E. Phi c tc dng bo v cp khi tc ng c hc v mi trng. B dy lp v ti thiu l 1,5mm. C kh nng chu in p cao: ti thiu 4Kv vi in p th xoay chiu hnh Sin tn s 60Hz, nu sau 60s th khng c hin tng nh la hoc nh thng cht cch in l m bo. C kh nng chu c tia t ngoi. C dy ng nht v khng cha thnh phn kim loi. Khi chy cho ra t khi v kh c c bit cho cp indoor. Khng c vt rn nt, trn u, cht lng ng u trn ton b chiu di cp.

V cp: phi tun th cc yu cu sau: -

Cp Quang

13

Nhm 13 - Lp 08TCVT1-3

Chuyn Thng tin Quang Dy Ripcord: ti thiu l 1 si di lp v cp ngoi, cu to t cht liu aramid, m bo chc tut v cp v d dng phn bit vi cc thnh phn khc.

3.3.2.Cp t trong cng c lp t trong cc ng PVC chn ngm s dng lm cp quang lin i/trm, cp quang cho cc t outdoor hoc trong mng cp quang FTTx ng vai tr l cp quang gc v phi. Cu trc c bn ca si cp quang ko cng c m t trong hnh 2.2. Cu trc chung tiu biu ca mt si cp quang ko cng phi bao gm cc thnh phn c bn sau (tnh t ngoi vo trong): V cp: k c v bc si dy treo cp phi tun th cc yu cu sau: Vt liu l hp cht H.D.P.E. V cp phi tc dng bo v cp khi tc ng c hc v mi trng (nc, nhit , ha cht, cn trng gm nhm). B dy lp v cp: ti thiu l 1.5 mm. C kh nng chu in p cao: ti thiu 4kV vi in p th l xoay chiu hnh sin tn s n 60 Hz, nu sau 60s th khng c hin tng nh la hoc nh thng cht cch in l m bo. C kh nng chu c ta t ngoi. C dy ng nht v khng cha thnh phn kim loi. Khi chy cho ra t khi v kh c c bit cho cp indoor. Khng c vt rn nt, trn u, cht lng ng u trn ton b chiu di cp.

Cp Quang

14

Nhm 13 - Lp 08TCVT1-3

Chuyn Thng tin Quang

Cp quang t trong cng Dy Ripcord: S lng: Ti thiu 1 si (di lp v cp ngoi). Bng cht liu aramid, m bo chc tut v cp v d dng phn bit vi cc thnh phn khc.

Bng chng nc: c cu to gm 1 lp bng Mylar bao bc bn ngoi li si cp quang, c tc dng: Ngn s xm nhp ca nc. Khng dn in, cch nhit, kh chy, chng nm mc.

Dy bn gia cng: c t di lp bng Mylar chng nc l tp hp gm nhiu si aramid va c chc nng gia cng s cp gip tng kh nng chu lc ca li si cp va c kh nng ngn hi m. Thng thng, bn cnh cc si dy bn gia cng aramid yarn c i km thm thnh phn hp cht chng nc xm nhp c ch to bng loi hoa cht c bit gi l Super Absorbent Polymer vit tt l S.A.P. ng m: ng m c s dng t cc si quang bn trong, c lm bng vt liu Polybutylene Terephthalate c tc dng: Tng thm bn (gia tng bn ko, cch nhit) bo v si quang bc lp ph s cp. Lp m s dng cho cp treo ngoi tri l loi lp m lng c kch thc: ng knh 1,5 2,5 mm. Cc ng m c xp sp xon o chiu SZ theo trc ca si chu lc trung tm.

Cp Quang

15

Nhm 13 - Lp 08TCVT1-3

Chuyn Thng tin Quang Trong trng hp dung lng cp khng cho php s ng m to s trn u cho si cp, yu cu s dng thm ng m ph (Filler Rod).

Thng thng ngn nc v hi m xm nhp vo li si quang, mt cch truyn thng trong lp ng m lng s s dng thm cht in y (filling compound). Cht in y khi s dng cn phi m bo: Khng c, khng tc hi cho sc khe, khng c mi kh chu. Khng dn in, chng nm mc. Th nghim cht lm y: vi chiu di cp th 0,3m, th trong bung gia nhit vi nhit 65 1 C. Sau 24 gi ly mu th ra phi m bo cht lm y khng b rt xung. Thnh phn chu lc trung tm (si gia cng phi kim loi): thnh phn ny phi c c tnh: m bo cho si quang khng b cng qu trong iu kin vn chuyn, lp t v khai thc. m bo mm do trong thi cng. L thnh phn phi kim loi lm bng vt liu Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP) c cu to trn u.
0

3.3.3. Cp chn trc tip. c chn trc tip di t thng thng s dng lm cp quang lin i/trm, cp quang cho cc t outdoor hoc trong mng cp quang FTTx ng vai tr l cp quang gc v phi. Cu trc chung tiu biu ca mt si cp quang ko cng phi bao gm cc thnh phn c bn sau (tnh t ngoi vo trong): V cp: k c v bc si dy treo cp phi tun th cc yu cu sau: Vt liu l hp cht H.D.P.E. V cp phi tc dng bo v cp khi tc ng c hc v mi trng (nc, nhit , ha cht, cn trng gm nhm).
16

Cp Quang

Nhm 13 - Lp 08TCVT1-3

Chuyn Thng tin Quang B dy lp v cp: ti thiu l 1.5 mm. C kh nng chu in p cao: ti thiu 4kV vi in p th l xoay chiu hnh sin tn s n 60 Hz, nu sau 60s th khng c hin tng nh la hoc nh thng cht cch in l m bo. C kh nng chu c ta t ngoi. C dy ng nht v khng cha thnh phn kim loi. Khi chy cho ra t khi v kh c c bit cho cp indoor. Khng c vt rn nt, trn u, cht lng ng u trn ton b chiu di cp.

Cp quang chn trc tip Thnh phn kim loi chu lc: c cu to di dng ng gn sng, phi c xi m bng cht polymer trnh hin tng n mn. dy ca ng gn sng: Danh nh: 0,15 mm; Ch gn sng: 0,4 mm. dy lp m polymer ca ng gn sng, mi mt: 0,05 mm. Vt liu l hp cht H.D.P.E. V cp phi tc dng bo v cp khi tc ng c hc v mi trng (nc, nhit , ha cht, cn trng gm nhm). B dy lp v cp: ti thiu l 1mm. C kh nng chu in p cao: ti thiu 4kV vi in p th l xoay chiu hnh sin tn s n 60 Hz, nu sau 60s th khng c hin tng nh la hoc nh thng cht cch in l m bo. C kh nng chu c ta t ngoi.
17

V cp trong:

Cp Quang

Nhm 13 - Lp 08TCVT1-3

Chuyn Thng tin Quang C dy ng nht v khng cha thnh phn kim loi. Khi chy cho ra t khi v kh c c bit cho cp indoor. Khng c vt rn nt, trn u, cht lng ng u trn ton b chiu di cp. S lng ti thiu 2 si (trn (di lp kim loi chu lc) v sau lp v cp trong). Bng cht liu aramid, m bo chc tut v cp v d dng phn bit vi cc thnh phn khc.

Dy Ripcord: -

Bng chng nc: c cu to gm 1 lp bng Mylar bao bc bn ngoi li si cp quang, c tc dng: S lng ti thiu 2 si (trn (di lp kim loi chu lc) v sau lp v cp trong). Ngn s xm nhp ca nc. Khng dn in, cch nhit, kh chy, chng nm mc.

Dy bn gia cng: c t di lp bng Mylar chng nc l tp hp gm nhiu si aramid va c chc nng gia cng s cp gip tng kh nng chu lc ca li si cp va c kh nng ngn hi m. Thng thng, bn cnh cc si dy bn gia cng aramid yarn c i km thm thnh phn hp cht chng nc xm nhp c ch to bng loi hoa cht c bit gi l Super Absorbent Polymer vit tt l S.A.P. ng m: ng m c s dng t cc si quang bn trong, c lm bng vt liu Polybutylene Terephthalate c tc dng: Tng thm bn (gia tng bn ko, cch nhit) bo v si quang bc lp ph s cp. Lp m s dng cho cp treo ngoi tri l loi lp m lng c kch thc: ng knh 1,5 2,5 mm. Cc ng m c xp sp xon o chiu SZ theo trc ca si chu lc trung tm. Trong trng hp dung lng cp khng cho php s ng m to s trn u cho si cp, yu cu s dng thm ng m ph (Filler Rod).

Thng thng ngn nc v hi m xm nhp vo li si quang, mt cch truyn thng trong lp ng m lng s s dng thm cht in y (filling compound).

Cp Quang

18

Nhm 13 - Lp 08TCVT1-3

Chuyn Thng tin Quang Cht in y khi s dng cn phi m bo: Khng c, khng tc hi cho sc khe, khng c mi kh chu. Khng dn in, chng nm mc. Th nghim cht lm y: vi chiu di cp th 0,3m, th trong bung gia nhit vi nhit 65 1 C. Sau 24 gi ly mu th ra phi m bo cht lm y khng b rt xung. Thnh phn chu lc trung tm (si gia cng phi kim loi): thnh phn ny phi c c tnh: m bo cho si quang khng b cng qu trong iu kin vn chuyn, lp t v khai thc. m bo mm do trong thi cng. L thnh phn phi kim loi lm bng vt liu Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP) c cu to trn u.
0

3.3.4.Cp t trong nh c im ca loi cp ny nh: - Thng c si dn quang l t - Kch thc bn ngoi nh, mm do, cho php un cong, d dng thao tc v hn ni. - Cp c c tnh chng gm nhm tt - Cu trc thng dng bc cht m bo cu trc nh v chc chn. V cc loi cp trong nh v cp nhy thng bm st tng nh v thit b nn n phi m bo khng dn la, khng pht ra kh c trong phng, m bo an ton khi c s c.

Cp Quang

19

Nhm 13 - Lp 08TCVT1-3

Chuyn Thng tin Quang

Dy nhy quang ( Cp quang trong nh)

3.3.5. Cp ngp nc v th bin Trong cp quang bin ch s dng si n mode. V cp quang bin thng lp t cho cc tuyn thng tin quc t. Khi thit k cc tuyn cp quang bin. Phi m bo tin cy cao, c tnh c hc v truyn dn n nh trong sut thi gian s dng , ti a l 25 nm Cp ca cc nh sn xut khc nhau c cu trc khc nhau cht t , nhng u c cu trc c bn nh

Cp Quang

20

Nhm 13 - Lp 08TCVT1-3

Chuyn Thng tin Quang

V PE c ch n i S i Phn t Trung t m

Li c r nh S i

ng kim lo i Phn t gia c- ng Cht i y n B ng kim lo i V Plastic 25mm

Du chng thm n- c

Cu trc c bn ca cp quang bin.

Cp quang bin c dng ch cc cp vin thng c li bng si thy tinh hoc nha, v s dng nh sng truyn dn tn hiu (cp quang) c t di y bin. Ngy nay, cp quang bin l cu ni vin thng, Internet gia tt c cc chu lc ton cu (tr vng Nam Cc). Si cp quang bin in hnh c ng knh 69 mm, nng khong 10 kg/m (mt s loi cp mng v c khi lng nh hn c th c dng ti cc khu vc y bin su).

Mi si cp quang bin c kt thnh t b rt nhiu si cp quang vi lp v bo v nhiu lp m bo an ton cho cp trong mi trng y bin khc nghit nh: Nha PE, thp, nhm, nha polycarbonate, ng hoc nhm... Tuy chu ng c mi trng nc bin vi nng mui cao, cp quang khng chu c nhit n -80oC v mi trng ng bng quanh nm, v th n nay vn cha c ng cp quang no kt ni khu vc Nam Cc. Cp Quang
21

Nhm 13 - Lp 08TCVT1-3

Chuyn Thng tin Quang V c cu hot ng, cp quang truyn dn tn hiu di dng xung nh sng do mt diode pht sng (LED) hoc laser truyn vo, sau , cm ng quang u pht chuyn xung nh sng ny ngc tr li thnh d liu. Cp quang c nhiu u im nh mng hn cp ng, ch truyn tn hiu nh sng nn nhanh, khng b nhiu, kh b can thip (nh nghe trm, nh cp tn hiu... ), khng chy (do khng c in chy qua cp). c bit, suy gim tn hiu ca cp quang cc k thp v c dung lng truyn ti cao (mi si cp quang nh hn cp ng nn mt b cp cng kch thc c th gm nhiu si cp hn, v do truyn ti c nhiu knh tn hiu hn). Chnh nh nhng c im v c cu hot ng v c tnh vt l ca mnh, cp quang ngy nay tr thnh phng tin kt ni thng tin trng yu xuyn lc a trn ton cu.

4. M mu trong cp Trng hp c nhiu si quang hoc nhiu nm si th cn thit phi nh du cc nhm si v cc si trong nhm hoc cc si trong cp trnh vic hn ni nhm. Bng 1 v bng 2 v d di l cc lut mu ca si trong cp hoc lut mu trong cc ng m. Cc si mu c ph ln si trc tip v khng lm nh hng n cc c tnh ca si. Trng hp nu cc si c t trong ng th ly ng mu lm chun, m cc mu khc theo chiu kim ng h.

Cp Quang

22

Nhm 13 - Lp 08TCVT1-3

Chuyn Thng tin Quang Bng 1: m mu si trong ng m lng nhiu si S th t si 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Xanh lam - BL Vng YL Xanh lc - GN RD T nhin - NT Xanh lam c cc vng trn en Vng c cc vng trn en Xanh lc c cc vng trn en c cc vng trn en T nhin c cc vng trn en Xanh lam - BL Da cam - OR Xanh lc - GN Nu - BN Xm - GY T nhin - NT - RD en - BK Vng - YL Tm - VI Hng - LO Ngc lam - AQ Theo DIN 47002 (c) Theo FOCAL Theo GSC Xanh lam - BL Da cam - OR Xanh lc - GN - RD Vng - YL Tm - VI Nu - BN en - BK T nhin - NT Xm - GY Xanh nht LB Hng - LO VINA Mu si

Cp Quang

23

Nhm 13 - Lp 08TCVT1-3

Chuyn Thng tin Quang Bng 2: M mu ng m S th t n g 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Xanh lam - BL Da cam - OR Xanh lc - GN Nu - BN Xm - GY T nhin - NT - RD en - BK Vng - YL Tm - VI 10 Hng - LO Ngc lam - AQ 11 T nhin - NT Xanh lam - BL Da cam - OR Theo FOCAL Theo VINA GSC Mu ng

12

Nu cc si quang trong si cp c li c rnh th chai thnh cc nhm si, gi l cc n v, th trong rut cp c cc si mu ch th cc n v si quang c t vo khi n cht lm y vo rut cp.

Cp Quang

24

Nhm 13 - Lp 08TCVT1-3

Chuyn Thng tin Quang 5. o th cp quang v o bo dng 5.1.Khi qut Cng nh trong thng tin in, trong thng tin quang lun lun phi o th. Cc i lng cn o th l cng sut, rng bng truyn, t l liv.vc th tch ring cng vic o th thnh 2 loi cng tc o nh sau: 1- o th p dng trong phng th nghin v ti cc ni ch tao: Mc ch tnh ton, thit k, ch to cp ti u. Cc php o ny thng phc tp, chi ph ln, thng da trn khuyn ngh ca CCITT v tiu chun v phng php o. 2- o th p dng trn cc h thng ang xy lp hoc ang khai thc: Mc ch ca n hon ton khc trong phng th nghim, i tng o th v phng php o i khi cng khc. Ngi ta phi tnh ton n vic hi ho gia vic o th v chi ph cng nh li ch ca o th, m bo cho cc h thng hot ng tin cy lm chi ph o thp nht. 5.2. Mc ch ca o th Vic o th trn cp quang xy lp nhm cc mc ch sau: 1- Xc nh xem tng tiu hao truyn dn c tho mn theo thit k hay khng 2- Xc nh xem khi lp t cp c vn g nh hng ti tiu hao ca si v qu trnh hot ng sau ny ca cp hay khng 3- Tm cc ch khng ng u nh: hn ni xu, ch tiu hao si ln, ch u b ni (connector) 4- Xc nhn cc ch ni si v tiu hao si nhm thit k cc on lp trong tng lai 5- Lp bng s liu chun cho cng tc bo dng sau ny 6- Cung cp cc thng tin phn hi ti u ho vic thit k, ch to v lp t cp

Cp Quang

25

Nhm 13 - Lp 08TCVT1-3

Chuyn Thng tin Quang 7- Tch lu kinh nghim ti u cng tc o th. Yu cu cc phng php o phi an ton, hiu qu, gi thnh h m vn thc hin y cc mc ch o th nh trn Mt s cng tc o th nh: o tiu hao tuyn dn, o tn hao mi ni, o tn x..v.v.

5.3.o th bo dng Dng my o phn x OTDR o th bo dng. c tuyn suy hao ca my th hin trn mn nh hoc in ra my in s cung cp cc thng tin v di khong lp, khong cch n cc ch ni, khong cch v th loi ca cc ch ni khng ng u nh: ch c tn hao ln, h s tiu hao ln, hoc ch phn x do si b t.

Hnh3.2: Phng php xc nh ch t nh OTDR Cp Quang

26

Nhm 13 - Lp 08TCVT1-3

Chuyn Thng tin Quang

Gi DA l khong cch quang t Ni ti ch t DB l khong cch quang t Ni+1 ti ch t D l khong cch thc gia hai ch ni T xcnh c khong cch t cc ch ni n ch t si Khong cch t Ni ti ch t l: DNi DNi = (DA.D)/(DA+DB) Khong cch t Ni+1 ti ch t l: DNi+1 DNi+1 = (DB.D)/( DB+DA) Nh s dng my vi tnh trong cc thit b o vi cc chng trnh y c th o th nhiu ni dung cn thit mt cch d dng.

6.Cc bin php bo v cp quang Cc cp quang sau khi c ch to c cu trc ph hp theo phng php ri t nh cp treo, cp chn trc tip hay cp th di nc. Trong khi thi cng cc tuyn cp cn c cc bin php gia cng v bo v b xung trnh cc thm ho c th xy ra cho cp. Trong cc loi ng cp th ng cp chn trc tip b nh hng kh nhiu, chng hn nh nh hng ca cc tc hi c hc ca cc phng tin giao thng vn ti, nh hng ca cc loi gm nhm nh kin, chut, miv nh hng ca st nh. V vy, y nu mt s bin php chng thm ho cho ng cp chn trc tip. 6.1. chn su cp Cp c chn trc tip di lng t. Tuyn cp c th i qua nhiu loi a hnh khc nhau nh i ni, ng rung, hoc cc ng giao thng nh ng st, ng b. Cp cn phi c chn su cn thit trnh cc tc ngc hc trn b mt t, nht l cc tc ng do nh hng rung ng ca cc phng tin giao Cp Quang
27

Nhm 13 - Lp 08TCVT1-3

Chuyn Thng tin Quang thng c gii khi tuyn cp chy qua ng. Cc tc ng c hc d lm cc si quang b rn, pht sinh tiu hao ph hoc c th b gy si. Hin nay th nhiu nc khuyn ngh chn chn su cp l 1,1 1,2m, cng c nc chn cp su 1,5m v cp c lun trong cc ng nha PE hoc PVC. Bn di v bn trn si cp c di cc lp ct hoc lp t mn dy mi pha 10cm gi si cp lun thng, trnh c cc ch un cong nh, trnh c tiu hao ph. Bn trn si cp 1cm c th t bng nha bo hiu hoc lt gch nm ngang rnh cp, hoc cc tm b tng trnh o hm vo cp

Hnh3.3: Mt ct ca cp trc tip trong t Trong trng hp a hnh phc tp, kh khn, nhiu si , khng o su cn thit th cp phi c t trong lng ng nha PVC ng knh 28-34mm v c cp ln ng nha t trong lng ng st ng knh 80-100mm, hoc trong rnh b tng Khi cp vt qua ng giao thng, qua cu, i dc hm ng st..v.v.th cng phi dng ng st v ng nha nh trn. 6.2. Chng mi v chng chut
28

Cp Quang

Nhm 13 - Lp 08TCVT1-3

Chuyn Thng tin Quang Cp quang c v ngoi PE l nha mt thp nn mi, kin, v cc loi gm nhm c th gm nhm v nha. Mt s loi mi, kin c th sng su 1m nn c th n v cp. Bn trong lp v PE u c bng thp m hnh ln sng bao bc. Mi v kin khng th gm nhm bng thp m, tuy nhieen sau nhiu nm lp thp ny c th b r v b n mn mt vi ch nh cng khng nh hng n si quang bn trong cp. Do vy, nh hng ca kin mi l khng ng k. Cc loi chut ch gm nhm v PE nu chng gp cp trn ng i, khng gm c lp v thp, nhng v thp trn lu ngy s b n mn. Mt bin php bo v hu hiu l dng cc bng thp bc nha qun xung quanh cp trn, nu cp quang i ring l cng th c th bt kn u l cng li khng cho chut chui vo, cn on cp trn trong b th bc bng thp bc nha 6.3. Chng nh hng ca st Vit Nam thng xuyn c st nh trong ma ma, v trong cp c thp qun, do vy nu st nh vo vng t bn cnh d lm nh hng n cp. nh hng ca st vo cp ph thuc rt nhiu vo yu t nh in tr sut ca t, cng ca st, tn sut st nh tng vng, do cn phi xem xt t m cc yu t nh hng ny tnh ton t m. * Kh nng h hng v bin php bo v Theo cc tnh ton th kh nng st nh vo vng t ln cn cp l kh ln, tuy nhin trong thc t th kh nng h hng cp l nh v mt s l do: - St nh vo ma ma nn in tr sut ca cp rt thp, kh nng st nh vo cp l t - Cng st ni chung nh hn gi tr tnh ton l 50KA, bn cnh th kh nng chu ng xung in p ca v PE l ca cp l rt cao, t gi tr 100KA - vng ni cao, t c nhiu , in tr sut cao, nhng st c xu th nh vo cc m cao nh mm ni, ngn cy..v.v.

Cp Quang

29

Nhm 13 - Lp 08TCVT1-3

Chuyn Thng tin Quang R rng l kh nng h hng ca cp lin quan trc tip ti in tr sut ca t, in tr xut cng cao th kh nng h hng cng nhiu. Ngoi ra, cc vng ng bng u c in tr sut kh thp, ch vng ni mi c in tr sut cao, do cn lu khi xy dng cc tuyn cp quang ti cc vng c th on tuyn cp quang no chon dc ng st th khng cn c bin php chng st b sung na.

Cp Quang

30

Nhm 13 - Lp 08TCVT1-3

Chuyn Thng tin Quang

Ti liu tham kho: 1. H thng thng tin quang Ts.V Vn San, Nh xut bn Bu in

2. Fiber Optic Cabling - Barry Elliott and Mike Gilmore 3. Si quang v cng ngh SDH 4. Cc ti liu khc

Cp Quang

31

Nhm 13 - Lp 08TCVT1-3