HuongDan ThiNghiem DienTuCongSuat.05.2011

I HC S PHM K THUT TP.
H CH MINH
TI LIU HNG DN TH NGHIM
KHOA C KH CH TO MY
IN T CNG SUT NG DNG
B MN C IN T
HC K 2 NM 2010-2011
@&?
HNG DN TH NGHIM
IN T CNG SUT NG DNG
Mt s qui nh:
Qu trnh t chc bui hc nh sau: u tin sinh vin c gio vin hng dn cc thao tc, qui trnh
thit k v thi cng. Tip theo sinh vin s thc hnh thit k v thi cng mt mch in cng c kin
thc.
Cui bui sinh vin s c giao ni dung bo co v mt phn kin thc v k nng thu nhn c
trong bui hc. Bo co phi c np vo u bui hc ca tun tip theo. Phn nh gi bui hc thng
qua hot ng ca sinh vin trong qu trnh th nghim v thng qua bi bo co.
Sinh vin phi tun th ni qui hc ng ca nh trng v ni qui th nghim ca phng th nghim
in t Cng sut. Mi hnh thc gian ln nh sao chp bo co, o vn, ch s liu thc nghim
v.v u b nghim cm v sinh vin lin quan s nhn im 0 (khng im) cho mn hc ny km
theo cc x l hc v khc ca Khoa/Trng.
TI LIU HNG DN TH NGHIM IN T CNG SUT NG DNG thng 05 nm 2011
Trang 1/21
BUI 1
THIT K V THI CNG MCH IN T

1. GII THIU
Bui hc ny hng dn ngi hc v s nguyn l mch in t dng phn mm ORCAD
CAPTURE, v mch in bng phn mm ORCAD LAYOUT PLUS, v qui trnh thi cng mch in t th
cng.
2. MT S LU
2.1. Nhng ni dung cn nm vng khi v mch nguyn l bng ORCAD CAPTURE
Cch to mt project (tp tin) mi
Cch s dng th vin linh kin (thm, tm, ly linh kin t th vin vo bn thit k )
Cch to (v) mt linh kin mi
Cch t tn v sp xp linh kin hp l
Cch ni mch (cch ni dy, t nhn tn linh kin, s dng bus)
Cch hiu chnh khung bn v (trang tr, thm hnh, thay i c giy )
Cch xut bn v nguyn l sang cc dng khc (layout, PSpice)
2.2. Nhng ni dung cn nm khi v mch in bng ORCAD Layout plus
Cch to tp tin mi
Cch s dng th vin linh kin (thm, tm, ly linh kin t th vin vo bn thit k )
Cch to (v) mt linh kin mi
Cch t linh kin hp l
Cch qun l cc lp v ng mch
Cch ni mch th cng v t ng
Chnh sa bn v (t jump, ph mass, sa chn linh kin ) v in n
3. NI DUNG THC HNH

3.1. Thc hnh v mch nguyn l, mch in v thi cng mch sau
Trang 2/21
3.2. o c kt qu thc nghim
Dng sng in p im ng ra diode cu
Dng sng in p ng ra 78XX
3.3. Tr li cu hi
1. Trong mch ngun LM78XX, in p AC cp cho Diode cu l bao nhiu ? Gii thch ?
2. Khi tng hoc gim in p AC cp cho Diode cu trong mch ngun 78XX th nhit linh kin
78XX tng gim nh th no ? Gii thch ? Dn gii ra cc th m phng/thc nghim
chng minh.
3. T in pha ng ra ca 78XX c tc dng g, gi tr bao nhiu ? Dn gii ra cc th m
phng/thc nghim chng minh.
4. V 02 mch gip nng dng cho 78XX v gii thch ti sao mch c th nng dng ? Dn gii
ra cc th m phng/thc nghim chng minh.
5. V mch gip nng p cho 78XX v gii thch ti sao mch c th nng p ? Dn gii ra cc
th m phng/thc nghim chng minh.
Trang 3/21
4. Vit bo co bui hc:

4.1. ng dng ORCAD Capture v s nguyn l mch in t
1. Tm tt (ti a 100 t)
-
Nu ngn gn nhng vn s trnh by trong bi bo co
2. Gii thiu (ti a 200 t)

-
Tng quan cc phn mm v mch nguyn l
Lch s v u nhc im, kh nng ca ORCAD Capture
3. Cc bc v mch nguyn l bng ORCAD Capture

-
To v qun l mch in mi
S dng th vin linh kin
Cc thao tc v mch
Hiu chnh v trang tr bn v
4. V d v mch ngun n p s dng LM78XX

-
Gii thiu chc nng mch LM78XX
Hng dn tng bc thao tc v mch
5. Kt lun
-
Tm tt li chc nng ca ORCAD Capture
Tm tt li qui trnh v mch bng ORCAD Capture
Ti liu tham kho (nu c)
4.2. ng dng ORCAD Layout Plus v mch in mch in t

1. Tm tt (ti a 100 t)
-

-
Tng quan cc phn mm v mch in
Lch s v u nhc im, kh nng ca ORCAD Layout Plus
3. Cc bc v mch nguyn l bng ORCAD Layout Plus

-
To v qun l mch in mi
S dng th vin linh kin
Cc thao tc v mch in
Hiu chnh v trang tr bn v
4. V d v mch in mch ngun n p s dng LM78XX

-
Gii thiu chc nng mch LM78XX
Hng dn tng bc thao tc v mch
5. Kt lun
-
Tm tt, nh gi chc nng ca ORCAD Layout plus
Tm tt li qui trnh v mch in bng ORCAD Layout Plus
Trang 4/21
4.3. Hng dn thi cng mch in th cng

1. Tm tt gii thiu (ti a 200 t)
-
2. Nhng lu chung v qui trnh lm mch in

-
In mch
i mch v ra mch
Hn mch v kim tra
3. V d thi cng mch ngun n p s dng LM78XX

-
Gii thiu mch nguyn l v chc nng mch LM78XX
Dng c cn thit
Tng thut chi tit qui trnh lm
Sn phm hon tt
4. Kt lun
4.4. Thit k mch ngun n p s dng LM78XX

1. Tm tt (ti a 100 t)
-

-
Gii thiu chc nng, vai tr mch ngun, cc loi mch ngun
Gii thiu mt s IC mch ngun, c im ca LM78XX
3. Thit k mch ngun vi LM78XX

-
Mch ngun c bn (hot ng, cch chn gi tr cc linh kin)
Mch nng dng
Mch nng p
Mt s lu thit k (nu c)
4. Kt lun
Trang 5/21
BUI 2
TH NGHIM C TNH LINH KIN
IN T CNG SUT
1. GII THIU
Bui hc ny gip ngi hc nm vng c tnh hot ng ca mt s linh kin in t cng sut nh
Diode, BJT, MOSFET v TRIAC.
Qu trnh t chc bui hc nh sau: Sinh vin s ln lt lp mch th nghim v o c (theo ti hng
dn) cc mch th nghim, t xy dng li mt s th c tuyn hot ng quan trng ca tng linh
kin.
2. TH NGHIM C TNH DIODE
2.1. Mch th nghim v dng c th nghim
Vin
R1
D1
Vin
R1
D1
50%
1k
100
1N4007
1k
(a) Mch th nghim vi ngun thay i
RV15
1N4007
(b) Mch th nghim vi ngun c nh
Hnh 1: Mch o c tuyn diode

2.2. Cc bc th nghim
- Lp mch th nghim nh trn s nguyn l hnh 1
- Thay i Vin (t b ngun) trong mch (a) hoc chnh bin tr (ngun c nh) trong mch (b) v tin
hnh o p Vf ca Diode, t tnh ra dng in qua Diode
- V th Vf, If ca diode.
- Lu khng dng qua diode vt qu ngng cho php (xem datasheet bit dng ti a)
Trang 6/21
2.3. Kt qu th nghim
Bng 2.1:
th 2.1: c tuyn V-A ca diode
2.4. Kt lun / Nhn xt

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Trang 7/21
III. TH NGHIM C TNH BJT

i vi BJT, c rt nhiu c tnh quan trng cn phi nm. Bi th nghim ny ch o ng c tnh
V-A ca BJT (c tnh hot ng quan trng nht ca BJT xem hnh bn di) v c tnh nh hng
ca IC n khuch i HFE ca transistor BJT.
(a) Mt s c tuyn ca 2SC1815
Trang 8/21
(b) Mt s c tuyn ca 2SA1015

Vin
R2(1)
VALUE=5V
R3
330
R2
1k
Q1
2SC1815
10k
50%
RV5
Hnh 2: Mch o c tuyn transistor BJT

3.2. Cc bc th nghim
- o c tuyn V-A ca BJT:
iu chnh RV5 c nh IB (0.2mA ; 0.5mA ; 1 mA ; 2 mA ; 3 mA)
ng vi mi gi tr c nh ca IB, iu chnh Vin thay i VCE, tnh ra gi tr IC
Thay i RV5 thay i IB (0.2mA ; 0.5mA ; 1 mA ; 2 mA ; 3 mA)
Lp li qu trnh thay i Vin o VCE v tnh ra IC
IC =
VIN VCE
R
- o c tuyn HFE IC ca BJT
HFE = IC/IB
C nh VCE, thay i IC o dng IB tnh HFE
Trang 9/21
Lp li th nghim cho 2 gi tr VCE khc nhau
* Lu :
- Khng xy ra ngn mch dn n h hng BJT v bin tr.
- Trong bi bo co cn c phn i chiu kt qu o thc t v d liu t datasheet (hoc m phng)
3.3. Kt qu th nghim
Bng 3.1:
th 3.1: c tuyn V-A ca BJT
Bng 3.2:
th 3.2: c tuyn hFE - IC ca BJT

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TI LIU HNG DN TH NGHIM IN T CNG SUT NG DNG thng 05 nm 2011 Trang 10/21
IV. TH NGHIM C TNH MOSFET

Trong bi th nghim ny chng ta o hay ng c tuyn quan trng nht ca MOSFET l c tnh ng
ra (output characteristic) v c tnh truyn (transfer characteristics)
Hnh 3: th c tnh ca linh kin MOSFET

Vcc
VALUE=12
1k
Vin
45%
RV12
Vcc
VALUE=12
R6
Q4
15 / 100W
IRF9540NLPBF
R5
1k
Q3
1k
10k
50%
RV11
50%
RV13
RV14
10k
50%
IRF540
Hnh 4: Mch o c tuyn MOSFET

4.2. Cc bc th nghim
- o c tuyn ng ra ca MOSFET:
iu chnh RV10/RV11 (hoc RV12/RV13) c nh VGS
ng vi mi gi tr c nh ca VGS, iu chnh RV9 (hoc RV14) thay i VDS , ghi li IDS

Thay i RV10/RV11 (hoc RV12/RV13) tng VGS
Lp li qu trnh thay i RV9 (hoc RV14) o IDS
- o c tuyn truyn ca MOSFET
C nh VDS, thay i VGS o dng ID
Lp li th nghim cho 2 gi tr VDS khc nhau
* Lu :
- Khng xy ra ngn mch dn n h hng MOSFET v bin tr.
- Trong bi bo co cn c phn i chiu kt qu o thc t v d liu t datasheet (hoc m phng)
4.3. Kt qu th nghim
Bng 4.1:
th 4.1: c tuyn ng ra ca MOSFET
Bng 4.2:
th 4.2: c tuyn truyn ca MOSFET

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BUI 3
MCH CU H S DNG TRANSISTORS
1. GII THIU
Bui hc ny gip ngi hc nm vng c tnh hot ng ca mch cu H. Qu trnh t chc bui hc
nh sau: Sinh vin s ln lt lp mch th nghim (hoc thi cng mch in) v o c (theo ti hng
dn) cc mch th nghim.
2. MT S LU
3. NI DUNG THC HNH
12V
R10
1M
R12
FWD
R3
10K
TIP127
Q4
U2 4N35
1
6
5
R4
1K
R9
1M
R1
10K
R11
R2
6 U1
5
1K
2 R_E
REV
330
330
Q3
TIP127
R11 1k
ToQ1 4N35
12V
REV
FWD
LED_RED
D6
F_E
ToQ2
R_E
F_E
J2
1
2
D7
LED_GREEN
ToQ1
2
1
J2
J1
Control
TIP122
Q2
2
1
TIP122
Q1
R7
R5
ToQ2
1K
1K
MOTOR
CONN MOD 4-2_J
R8
10K
R6
10K
C1
0.47uF
12V
ISO1
R4
FWD
TIP127
Q4
ISO2
PC817
R2
R19
REV
R1
10K
4
R3
10K
R18
330
330
R_E
1K
ToQ1
12V
FWD
LED_RED
D6
2
1
R7
ToQ1
J1
2
1
LED_GREEN
J2
J2
1
2
D7
TIP122
Q1
R_E
ToQ2
F_E
PC817
REV
R11 1k
Q3
TIP127
1K
F_E
Control
TIP122
Q2
R5
ToQ2
1K
1K
MOTOR
CONN MOD 4-2_J
R8
10K
R6
10K
C1
0.47uF
Hnh 5: Mch cu H s dng TIP 122 v TIP 127
12V
R10
1M
R16
R15
10K
R9
1M
R12
10K
R17
U2 4N35
FWD
6
5
IRF9540N/TO
IRF9540N/TO
6 U1
5
2 R_E
REV
330
330
Q7
ToQ2
ToQ1 4N35
R11 1k
FWD
LED_RED
D6
2
1
12V
J2
Q8
R_E
F_E
REV
F_E
J2
D7
1
2
LED_GREEN
Control
J1
2
1
CONN MOD 4-2_J
Q5
ToQ1
ToQ2
MOTOR
IRF540N/TO
R14
10K
IRF540N/TO
Q6
C1
0.47uF
R13
10K
12V
R10
1M
R13 330
R12
10K
R13 10K
IRF9540N/TO
ISO3
OPTO ISOLATOR-A
Q7
IRF9540N/TO
REV
FWD
R15
10K
Q8
ISO4
R_E
3
ToQ2
J2
PC817
R_E
F_E
REV
LED_RED
D6
2
1
12V
FWD
ToQ1
R11 1k
F_E
J2
D7
1
2
LED_GREEN
Control
J1
2
1
CONN MOD 4-2_J
Q5
ToQ1
ToQ2
MOTOR
IRF540N/TO
R14
10K
C1
0.47uF
IRF540N/TO
Q6
R13
10K
Hnh 6: Mch cu H s dng IRF540 v IRF9540

3.2.1. o c tnh hot ng tnh ca mch cu H:
Cp tn hiu iu khin cho ng c quay (thun hoc nghch) sau o c cc gi tr sau:
- Ri p qu cc BJT
- Dng in DC qua ng c khi khng ti / c ti
3.2.2. o c tnh ng (xung) ca mch cu H:
Cp tn hiu iu khin dng xung
- Ch chy ngng vi tn s f : o dng sng dng in v in p qua ti ng c
- Ch chy thun chy nghch vi tn s f: o dng sng dng in v in p qua ti ng c
- Kho st t lc 0.47uF ca ng c
- Kho st hot ng ca diode chng dng ngc
3.3. Tr li cu hi
1. Ti sao cn cc in tr 10K (R1, R3, R6, R8) trong mch cu H hnh 1 ? Cho v d v kt qu m
phng lm r.
2. Trnh by tc dng ca cc diode chng dng ngc trong mch cu H? Cho v d v kt qu m
phng lm r?
3. Trnh by nguyn l hot ng mch cu H ? Lit k mt s dng mch cu H thng dng ?
4. Trnh by mch cu H s dng IC tch hp LM278 LM279, nu mt s im chnh v hot ng
v thit k mch
5. Trnh by mch cu H s dng IC LM18200, nu mt s im chnh v hot ng v thit k.

4.1. MCH CU H DNG TIP122/TIP127 IU KHIN NG C DC
1. Tm tt (ti a 100 t)
-

-
Tng quan v mch cu H iu khin ng c
Transistor BJT v TIP122 / TIP127 trong iu khin ti cng sut
3. Mch nguyn l
-
Hnh v mch nguyn l
Gii thch hot ng mch
Tnh ton cc gi tr trong mch
4. Kt qu thc nghim/m phng

-
Kt qu o c hot ng mch ch tnh v ch xung (kt qu ca thc

nghim hoc m phng)
5. Kt lun
-
Tm tt li chc nng ca mch cu H thc hin trong bi bo co
xut, kin bnh lun (nu c)
Ti liu tham kho
4.2. MCH CU H DNG IRF540/IRF9540 IU KHIN NG C DC

1. Tm tt (ti a 100 t)
-

-
Transistor MOSFET v IRF540 / IRF9540 trong iu khin ti cng sut
3. Mch nguyn l
-
Hnh v mch nguyn l
Gii thch hot ng mch
4. Kt qu thc nghim/m phng

-
Kt qu o c hot ng mch ch tnh v ch xung (kt qu ca thc

nghim hoc m phng)
5. Kt lun
-
Ti liu tham kho
4.3. TNG HP MCH CU H DNG BJT

1. Tm tt (ti a 100 t)
-

-
Transistor BJT trong iu khin ti cng sut
3. Cc dng mch cu H dng BJT

* Mi dng phi bao gm:
-
Hnh v mch nguyn l
Gii thch hot ng mch
4. Kt qu m phng
-
Kt qu o c hot ng mch ch tnh v ch xung
5. Kt lun
-
Ti liu tham kho
4.4. TNG HP MCH CU H DNG MOSFET

1. Tm tt (ti a 100 t)
-

-
Transistor MOSFET trong iu khin ti cng sut
3. Cc dng mch cu H dng MOSFET

* Mi dng phi bao gm:
-
Hnh v mch nguyn l
Gii thch hot ng mch
4. Kt qu m phng
-
Kt qu o c hot ng mch ch tnh v ch xung
5. Kt lun
-
Ti liu tham kho
4.5. TNG HP IC MCH CU H

1. Tm tt (ti a 100 t)
-

-
Tng quan v IC mch cu H
3. IC 1
-
Hnh v mch nguyn l
Gii thch hot ng mch
4. IC 2
-
Hnh v mch nguyn l
Gii thch hot ng mch
(khng cn nu tt c IC mch cu H)
5. Kt lun
-
Ti liu tham kho
BUI 4
MCH KCH TRIAC
1. GII THIU
Bui hc ny gip ngi hc nm vng c tnh hot ng ca mch kch TRIAC. Qu trnh t chc bui
hc nh sau: Sinh vin s ln lt lp mch th nghim (hoc thi cng mch in) v o c (theo ti hng
dn) cc mch th nghim.
2. MT S LU
3. NI DUNG THC HNH
VCC
VCC
MCU1
HI
3
2
1
J1
CON3
VCC
50
R3Q1
RMCU1
D1Q1
1
U6
R1Q1
360
DMCU1
390
R6Q1
39
LED_MCU1
LED_DC
Q1
HI
BTA12
2
R4Q1 10k
MCU1
QQ1
2N2222
FP1
FUSEHOLDER
AC 220V
C1Q1
ZERO
CROSS
CIRCUIT
DP1
330
0.01uF
RP1
56K
RP1
1
2
MOC3041
R5Q1 10K
56K
LED_Q1 R2Q1
JP1
ACLOAD1
DP1
Domino 1
LED_AC
1
2
POWER IN
0
0
Hnh 7: Mch kch TRIAC s dng MOC3041

3.3. Tr li cu hi
4.1. MCH KCH TRIAC S DNG MOC30XX
1. Tm tt (ti a 100 t)
-

-
Tng quan v TRIAC
Tng quan v MOC30XX
3. Mch nguyn l
-
Hnh v mch nguyn l
Gii thch hot ng mch
4. Kt qu th nghim
-
a ra cc th hot ng ca mch
5. Kt lun
-
Ti liu tham kho

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I HC S PHM K THUT TP.

TI LIU HNG DN TH NGHIM

IN T CNG SUT NG DNG

TI LIU HNG DN TH NGHIM IN T CNG SUT NG DNG thng 05 nm 2011

THIT K V THI CNG MCH IN T

Cch to mt project (tp tin) mi

Cch to (v) mt linh kin mi

Cch t tn v sp xp linh kin hp l

Cch ni mch (cch ni dy, t nhn tn linh kin, s dng bus)

Cch xut bn v nguyn l sang cc dng khc (layout, PSpice)

2.2. Nhng ni dung cn nm khi v mch in bng ORCAD Layout plus

Cch to (v) mt linh kin mi

Cch t linh kin hp l

Cch qun l cc lp v ng mch

Cch ni mch th cng v t ng

Chnh sa bn v (t jump, ph mass, sa chn linh kin ) v in n

3. NI DUNG THC HNH

TI LIU HNG DN TH NGHIM IN T CNG SUT NG DNG thng 05 nm 2011

3.2. o c kt qu thc nghim

Dng sng in p im ng ra diode cu

Dng sng in p ng ra 78XX

TI LIU HNG DN TH NGHIM IN T CNG SUT NG DNG thng 05 nm 2011

4. Vit bo co bui hc:

Nu ngn gn nhng vn s trnh by trong bi bo co

2. Gii thiu (ti a 200 t)

Tng quan cc phn mm v mch nguyn l

Lch s v u nhc im, kh nng ca ORCAD Capture

3. Cc bc v mch nguyn l bng ORCAD Capture

S dng th vin linh kin

Hiu chnh v trang tr bn v

4. V d v mch ngun n p s dng LM78XX

Gii thiu chc nng mch LM78XX

Hng dn tng bc thao tc v mch

Tm tt li chc nng ca ORCAD Capture

Tm tt li qui trnh v mch bng ORCAD Capture

Ti liu tham kho (nu c)

4.2. ng dng ORCAD Layout Plus v mch in mch in t

Nu ngn gn nhng vn s trnh by trong bi bo co

2. Gii thiu (ti a 200 t)

Tng quan cc phn mm v mch in

Lch s v u nhc im, kh nng ca ORCAD Layout Plus

3. Cc bc v mch nguyn l bng ORCAD Layout Plus

S dng th vin linh kin

Hiu chnh v trang tr bn v

4. V d v mch in mch ngun n p s dng LM78XX

Gii thiu chc nng mch LM78XX

Hng dn tng bc thao tc v mch

Tm tt, nh gi chc nng ca ORCAD Layout plus

Tm tt li qui trnh v mch in bng ORCAD Layout Plus

Ti liu tham kho (nu c)

TI LIU HNG DN TH NGHIM IN T CNG SUT NG DNG thng 05 nm 2011

4.3. Hng dn thi cng mch in th cng

Nu ngn gn nhng vn s trnh by trong bi bo co

2. Nhng lu chung v qui trnh lm mch in

Hn mch v kim tra

3. V d thi cng mch ngun n p s dng LM78XX

Gii thiu mch nguyn l v chc nng mch LM78XX

Tng thut chi tit qui trnh lm

4.4. Thit k mch ngun n p s dng LM78XX

Nu ngn gn nhng vn s trnh by trong bi bo co

2. Gii thiu (ti a 100 t)

Gii thiu mt s IC mch ngun, c im ca LM78XX

3. Thit k mch ngun vi LM78XX