PHNG TRNH V H PHNG TRNH M LOGARIT

I / Cc kin thc c bn :
1/ Khi nim , tnh cht :
- Ly tha: Nm cc khi nim , tnh cht

. . .....
n
n so
a a a a a

142 43
. ( ) . ab a b

.
. a a a
+

a
( 0) a a
a

. ( ) a a

.
( 0, 0)
m
m n
n
a a a n >
- L ga rit : nh ngha , tnh cht iu kin lo ga rit c s a , L ga rit N pe,S e ;
l ga rit thp phn . Dng nh ngha mt s biu thc cha l ga rit n gin. p dung
cc tnh cht vo cc bi tp bin i, tnh ton v l ga rit.
log
log ( . ) log log
log log log
log log
x
a
a a a
a a a
a a
a b x b
x y x y
x
x y
y
x x

log ln lg
log
log ln lg
1
log
log
b
a
b
a
b
x x x
x
a a a
b
a

II Bi tp v d
Bi 1 / Gii phng trnh
2 2 (1)
3 3
log log 1 5 0 x x + +
Gii :
2 2
3 3
log log 1 5 0 + + x x . ( k: x > 0)
t
2
3
log 1, 1 + > t x t ta c
2 2
3
1 log t x
2
2
(1) 6 0
3( )
t
t t
t loai

3
3 2
3
3
3
log 3 3
t = 2 log 3
log 3 3
x x
x
x x






Vy tp nghim ca phng trnh l {
3 3
3 ;3

}
Bi 2 / Gii phng trnh : 25 26.5 25 0
x x
+
Gii
t 5
x
= t ( t > 0 ); ta c phng trnh

2
26 25 0
1 0
25 2
t t
t x
t x
+






Vy tp nghim ca phng trnh l {0;2 }
Bi 3 : Gii phng trnh:
2
3 5.3 6 0
x x
+
Gii
t
3 ( 0)
x
t t >
2
2
5 6 0
3
t
t t
t

+

+ Vi t = 2
3
3 2 2
log
x
x
+ Vi t = 3 3 3 1
x
x
Vy pt c 2 nghim l:
3
1, log 2 x x
Bi 4 : Gii phng trnh:
4 2
log log (4 ) 5 x x +

Gii
Phng trnh:
4 2
log log 4 5 x x +
iu kin: x > 0

2 2 2
2
2
1
log log 4 log 5
2
3
log 3
2
log 2 4
x x
x
x x
+ +


Vy pt c 1 nghim l: x = 4
Bi 5 : Gii bt phng trnh
1 ) 2 x (
2
log ) 3 x (
2
log +
(1)
Gii
iu kin:
3
0 2
0 3
>

'

>
>
x
x
x
(*)
Khi :
4 x 1
x
x

log
2
2
2

+
+
+
+

0 4 x 5
2 6 x 5
2 log ) 6 x 5 x ( log
1 ) 6 x 5 x (
1 ) 2 x )( 3 x ( log ) 1 (
2
2
2
2
2
So vi iu kin (*) ta suy ra tp nghim ca bpt (1) l
( ] 4 ; 3 S

Bi 6 : Gii bt phng trnh: 2.9 4.3 2 1
x x
+ + >
Gii
( )
2
2.9 4.3 2 1
2. 3 4.3 1 0
x x
x x
+ + >
+ + >
t t = 3
x
( t > 0) c bt phng trnh :
2t
2
+ 4t + 1 > 0 lun ng
0 t >
vy nghim ca bt phng trnh l :
x R
III Bi tp t gii
ph ng php logaritho v a v cng c s
1)
500 8 . 5
1

x
x
x
HKTQD - 98
2)
( ) ( ) 2 4 4 2 4 2
2 2
1
+ + x x x x
x
H M - D - 2000
3) 1
3
2.3

+
x x
x x
2
2
2
T) M B khi - 2001 - HSPI ( , ,
4)
( ) ( ) 5 5
1 x
1 - x
1 - x
+
+ 2 2
2001 - Vinh thut SP k ng (Cao
5) 1 1 - x
2
x

+ 3 4x
A) khi - 2001 - Nai ng SP ng (Cao
6)
( ) ( )
3
1
1
3
3 10 3 10
+
+

< +
x
x
x
x
HGT - 98
7)
2 4
5 2
2

x x
8)
1
2
2
2
1
2

x
x x
9)
2 1 2 1
4 4 4 9 9 9
+ + + +
+ + < + +
x x x x x x
10)
1 3 1 2
2
1
2
1
+ +

x x
11)
( ) 1 1 2
1
1
2
+
+

x
x
x x
12)
( )
3
2
2
2
1 1
2
>
+
x x
x x
13)
2 4 3 1
5 3 5 3 . 7
+ + + +
+ +
x x x x
t n ph:
1)
1 4 4 4
7 3 2 5 6 2 3
2 2 2
+ +
+ + + + + x x x x x x
HVQHQT - D - 99
2)
( ) ( ) 4 3 4 7 3 4 7
sin sin
+ +
x x
HL - 98
3)
( )
1
2
12
2
1
2 . 6 2
1 3
3
+
x x
x x
HY HN - 2000
4) ( ) 0 5 2 3 2 . 2 9 + + x x
x x
HTM - 95
5) ( ) 7 7 , 0 . 6
100
7
2
+
x
x
x
HAN - D - 2000
6)
1
1 2
3
1
3
3
1
+

,
_

,
_

x x
= 12 HVCTQG TPHCM - 2000
7)
12
3
1
3
3
1
x
2
x
2
>

,
_

,
_

+1
2001) - TPHCM HY (
8)
10 9 9
2 2
cos sin
+
x x
HAN - D - 99
9)
1 1 2
4 2 2 12
x x x + + +
+ + HTCKT - 99
10)
2 2
2 1 2 2
2 9.2 2 0
x x x x + + +
+
HTL - 2000
11)
( ) ( )( ) ( ) 3 2 4 3 2 3 4 7 3 2 + + + +
x x
HNN - 98
12)
0 6.3 - 1 -7.3 5.3
1 x x 1 - x 1 - 2x
+ +
+
9
A) khi - 2001 - c hng H (
13)
0 6.9 13.6 - 6.4
x x x
+
2001) - dong nh b lp dn H ( i
14)
3 2.3 - 9
x x
<
D) khi - 2001 - st nh c H (
15)
( ) ( ) 0 2 - 5 3 5 3
2
2 2
x - 2x 1
x - 2x x - 2x
+ +
+
( ) 2001 - HPCCC
16)
20 5 - 3.15 12.3
1 x x x
+
+
D) khi - 2001 - hu H (
17)
3 2 3
1 - x 1 - 2x
+

BD) - 2001 - ng lp dan H (
18)
( ) ( ) 12 35 6 35 - 6
x x
+ +
2001) - ngh cng thut k DL H (
19)
0 32 6.2 - 4
1 x x
+
+

( H dn lp vn hin - 2001 - khi D)
20)
0 17 3 .
3
26
9 +

,
_

x x

( H dn lp bnh d ng - 2001 - khi D)
21)
0 9 . 9 3 . 8 3
4 4 2
>
+ + + x x x x
HGT - 98
22)
0 2 2
64 3 1 2

+ + x x
23)
( ) ( ) 4 3 2 3 2 + +
x x
24)
( ) ( ) 0 2 3 2 3 3 4 7 + +
x x
25)
1 1 1
2 2 2
9 6 4 . 2
+ + +
+
x x x
26)
1 2 . 2 2 2
5 6 1 6 5
2 2
+ +
+ x x x x
27)
10 16 16
2 2
cos sin
+
x x
28) 0
1 2
1 2 2
1

x
x x
29)
x x x x
2 2 . 15 2
5 3 6 3 2
< +
+ +
30)
2 2 2
2 2 1 2 1
5 . 34 9 25
x x x x x x + +
+
31)
0 3 . 18 3
1
log
log
3
2
3
> +
x
x
x
33)
3 log
2
1
1
2
4
9
1
3
1
>

,
_

,
_

x x
34)
9 3 3 9
2
>
+ x x x
35)
x x x x
9 9 3 . 8
4 4
1
> +
+ +
36)
1 3 1 3
2 2
3 . 28 3 9
+
< +
x x
37)
0 1 3 . 4 3 . 4
2 1
2
+
+ x x x
38)
2
5
2
2
1
2
2
1
log log
> +
x x
x
39)
0 1 2 4
2 1
2
+
+ + + x x x
ph ng php hm s:
1)
1 2
2 10 25
+
+
x x x
HVNH - D - 98
2)
x x x
9 . 3 6 . 2 4
HVL - 98
3)
2
6 . 5 2 . 9 3 . 4
x
x x

HHH - 99
4)
1 3
2 50 125
+
+
x x x
HQG - B - 98
5)
( ) 2 - 2
2
1
2
1


x
x x x
) 2001 - li Thu H (
6)
( )
x 2 2 2
3 2x 3x - .2x 3 2x 3x - + + > + + 2 5 2 5 x x
x

2001) - nh b thi HY ( i
7)
1 6 3 . 3 2 . 2 > +
x x x
HY - 99
8)
x
x
3 8 1
2
+
9)
5 log log 2
2 2
3 x x
x
+
10) ( ) 0 3 3 10 3 3
2 3 2
+ +

x x
x x
11)
( )
2 1
1 2 2
2
+

x
x x x

12)
13 2 3
4 2 4
> +
+ + x x
13) 0
2 4
2 3 3
2

x
x
x
14) 3
x
+ 5
x
= 6x + 2
Cu lc b Gia s th khoa