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    6K views401 pages

    Steven Runciman, The First Crusade

    Uploaded by

    Javier Robles Vizcarra

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    A HIsTory OF THE CRUSADES VOLUME I THE First CRUSADE AND THE FOUNDATION OF THE KINGDOM OF JERUSALEM STEVEN RUNCIMAN Crusades, one ofthe great classics of English histor cal writing, is now being reissued. This volume deals ‘completely with the First Crusade and the foundation of the kingdom of Jerusalem, As Runciman says in his preface: “Whether we regard the Crusades as the most tremendous, and most romantic of Christian adventures, of asthe last of| the barbarian invasions, they form a central fat in medieval history. Before their inception the centre of our eWiization was placed in Byzantium and in the lands of the Arab caliphate. Before they faded out the hegemony tn cWiization hhad passed to western Europe. Out ofthis transference mod. ern history was born.” S te Steven Runciman's three volume A History of the “1 do not know when, in recent years, I have read a book which so enlarged my knowledge of and interest in a period of history. Ie sets belore ts one of the formidable moral and romantic epics ‘of our time, with scholarship and imagination worthy of" “ihe Times Literary Supplement ——— fe ee es Sos en ieee ene cerns oy cure Beatetop ae Eerie iio eins oho tees ihe ara secoee cones i See Base aera ae as Seer oe a eet Dring ft to Srerte© 128 Te ew n (or ds Dena Me — gif UNIVERSITY PRESS A HISTORY OF THE CRUSADES Wi ie Avistate A KNIGHT OF THE LATE ELEVENTH CENTURY A HISTORY OF THE CRUSADES VOLUME I THE FIRST CRUSADE and the Foundation of the Kingdom of Jerule Dy STEVEN RUNCIMAN [8 CAMBRIDGE ‘@) UNIVERSITY PRESS abe te Sysco te Universo Cante hei ul, ramp Stes, Cane CBD RP "Stanford Roa ah Mune ot Aas Fst patie a neo 1851 cpus upeack by Ce Univer Prt 1987 ern 5 oS, 198 151,108 175, Lune of Core calcd sambe 7.106 Sans nA pete ‘ote S08 053-2. rc Novone Iss Osa neha ‘Sav spk IBaNeS1A x ppeck Pipettes orale USA oly To MY MOTHER CONTENTS is of Plates paseix List of Mops x Proce 5 THE HOLY PLACES OF CHRISTENDOM Chiper 1 The Abomination of Desolation 3 IT The Reign of Antichrist 2 IIL. The Pilgrims of Chest x IV Towards Disaster st 'V Confusion inthe East 6 THE PREACHING OF THE CRUSADE (Cheptr 1 Holy Peace and Holy War 4 I The Rock of Saint Peter 93 ML The Summoning 106 THE JOURNEY TO THE WARS Chapter The People's Expedition wr Il The German Crusade ony IL The Princes and the Emperor 1a THE WAR AGAINST THE TURKS Chapter 1 "The Campaign in Asia Minor 5 Armenian Inerlude 95 IIL. Before the Walls of Antioch 213 IV. The Possession of Antioch 236 Contents THE PROMISED LAND (Chepter 1 The Road to Jeruslem pose 255 IL The Triumph of the Cross 29 Tl “Advocates Sani Sepulchri? 289 IV. The Kingdom of Jerusalem 315 Appendix {Principal Sources for the History of the 327 First Crosde The Numerical Strength of the Crusaders 336 1 Onreiwar Sources: i 1, Collections of Sources 3a 2, Wester Sources, Latin, Old French and 343 German 3+ Greek Sources oa 44 Arabic and Persian Sources a8 5 Armenian Sources oul 6 Syriac Sources HH 17. Hebrew Sources al 5. Various Sources 350 Tt Mopean Worn 380 Index sor LIST OF PLATES frontispiece ‘A lenight of the late eleventh century (From aco ot Tea Repoacel fom Let Fees Tne by permis oes Els Cts ay Feswen pp. 178 and 179 1A pilgrim of the late cleventh century Reproduced Gom Les Frog de Taran by pemision of eid du Chine, Po) Il The Emperor Alexis I before Christ (Codex Vana Gres, No 6), TIL Antioch from across the River Orontes (Prom Sri uated by Barden, Pare, London, 136) IV. Ramleh (Pro I Devine Vig Gon, Rome, 157) V. The port of ffi (From I Devan Vig & Gem) VI Jerusalem from the south (From 1 Destin Ving Gene) VII Plan of Jerusalem (From if Dents Ving Gren) VILL ‘The mouth of the Dog River (From Sy ara) LIST OF MAPS Environs of Constantinople and Nicaea at the time of the First Cruside ge 129 ‘The Balkan Peninsula st the ime of the Fist Crude Asia Minor a the time of the Fist Crusade Plan of Antioch in 1098 Syria atthe time of the Firs Crusade 3 176 265 PREFACE ‘This book is intended tobe the fist volume of thre, to cover the history ofthe movement chat we eal the Crusades, fom its birt in the eleventh century to its decline in the fourteenth, and of the statesthatitcreatedin the Holy Land adin neighbouring countries, hope ina second volume to give a history ad description ofthe [kingdom of Jerusalem and its relations with the peoples of the Nest East, and of the Crusades of che owelfih century, and in 4 third a history ofthe kingdom of Acre and the later Crusades, Whether we regard them as the most sremendovs and most romantic of Christian adventures of af the lst of the barbarian invasions the Crusades form a central fice in medieval history. ‘Before thei inception the centre of our civilization was placed in Byzantium and in che ands of the Arab Caliphate, Before they faded out the hegemony in civilization bad pased to westem Europe. Out of ths transference modern history was born; bot to understand ie we mast understand not only the cicumstances in western Europe that led tothe Crasading impulse but, perhaps sell more, the cizcumstances inthe Ease that gave to the Crusaders theie opporeunity and shaped thee progres and thie withdrawl ‘Our glance mst mave fom the Atantic to Mongolia. To tell he story from the point of view ofthe Franks alone or ofthe Arabs alone of even of its chief vitims, the Christians ofthe Ess, to mis its igificance. For, as Gibbon saw, ie was the story ofthe ‘World's Debate. ‘The whole story has not often been told in English; norbasthere ever been in this country an active school of Crusaing ietorio- graphy. Gibbon's chapters in che Decline and Fall sil, despite his prejudices and the date at which he verote well deserve study, ‘More recently we have Sie Ernest Barker's bilint summary of the movement, frst published in che Encylopadia Britannica, and Pre ‘W. B. Stevenson's short but admirable history ofthe Crusading kingdoms. But he British contibution consists mainly in learned articles in the edition of oriental sources and ina few unscholarly Istorcs. France and Germany havea larger and longer tradition. ‘The great German histories ofthe Crasades begin wich Wilken’, published carly in the nineteenth century. Von Sybel’ history, fst published in 1842 isl of pre importance; and ltr inthe ‘century two fine scholars, Rohriche and Hagenmeyer, nt only did invaluable work in the cllection and criticism of source-material but themselves wrote comprehensive histories, Ofreene years the Germantradition hasbeen maintained by Erdmanninhisexhaustive study of the religious movements in the West that led eo the Crusades, In France, the land ftom which the greater umber of the Crusaders originally came, the interest of scholars was shown bby the publication in the mile of the ninetenth ceneury of the main sources, western, Greek and oriental inthe huge Reewil des [Hisriensde Crotader, Michaud’ svat history had already appeared in che years following 1817. Later inthe ceneury Riant and his collaborators in the Socidt de [Orient Latin produced much ‘valuable work. In this century ewo distinguished French By zantinists, Chalandon and Bréhier, turned their atention to the Crusades; and shorely before the war of 1939 M. Grouset prom

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