n cng ngh CTM

Minh

Thnh CTM4/K43
Ni dung thuyt minh v tnh ton n mn hc
Cng Ngh Ch To My
I. u thit k : Thit k quy trnh cng ngh ch to
chi tit cng gt.
II.Cc s liu ban u:
Sn lng hng nm : 5.000 chi tit/nm.
iu kin sn xut:
III.Ni dung thuyt minh v tnh ton.
1. Phn tch chc nng lm vic ca chi tit:
Chi tit dng cng gt c chc nng bin chuyn ng
thng ca chi tit ny(pton ca ng c t trong...)
thnh chuyn ng quay ca chi tit khc. Ngoi ra chi
tit cn c tc dng dng y bnh rng khi cn thay
i t s truyn trong cc hp tc
2. Phn tch tnh cng ngh trong kt cu ca chi tit:
Cng nh cc dng chi tit khc, i vi chi tit dng
cng tnh cng ngh c ngha quan trng v n nh hng trc tip n nng sut cng nh chnh xc gia
cng. V vy khi thit k cn ch n kt cu:
- cng vng ca cng.
- Chiu di ca cc l c bn nn bng nhau v cc
mt u ca chng cng nm trn hai mt phng
song song vi nhau l tt nht.
- Kt cu ca 2 cng nh nn i xng qua tr to
gia.
- Kt cu ca cng thun li cho vic gia cng nhiu
chi tit cng mt lc.

H ni: 11/2002

 n cng ngh CTM

Minh

Thnh CTM4/K43
- Hnh dng ca cng thun li cho vic chn cun
th v chun tinh thng nht.
y l chi tit cng gt do c kt cu i xng n
gin do vy phi c ch to bng phng php c trong
khun ct, sau em .
B mt A l b mt lp rp sau khi gia cng xong do
vy nn chon mt A lm chun tinh chnh.
Vt liu chn gia cng chi tit l gang xm GX1532.
3. Xc nh dng sn xut:
Sn lng hng nm ca chi tit c xc nh theo cng
thc sau y:
N = N1m(1 + /100)
Trong :
N : S chi tit c sn xut trong mt nm;
N1 : S sn phm (s my) c sn xut trong mt
nm;
m : S chi tit trong mt sn phm;
: S chi tit c ch to thm d tr (5% n 7%)
chn = 6%
Ta xt thm % ph phm = 3% 6%, chn = 4%, lc
:
N = N1.m(1 +

+
)
100

Thay s ta c:
N = 5000.1(1 +

0,04 + 0,06
) =5050 chi tit/nm.
100

H ni: 11/2002

 n cng ngh CTM

Minh

Thnh CTM4/K43
Sau khi xc nh c sn lng hng nm ta phi xc nh
trng lng ca chi tit. Trng lng ca chi tit c xc nh
theo cng thc:
Q = V.( kg)
Th tch ca chi tit: V = 0,1098dm3
Vy trng lng chi tit: Q = 0,1098.7,2 = 0,8kg.
Theo bng 2 trang 1- Thit k n CNCTM, ta c: Dng
sn sut: Hng lot va

4. Chn phng php ch to phi:

Phi c ch to bng phng php c trong khun
ct.
Bn v lng phi:

H ni: 11/2002

 n cng ngh CTM

Minh

Thnh CTM4/K43

5. Lp th t cc nguyn cng, cc bc (v s g t, k
hiu nh v, kp cht, chn my, chn dao, v chiu
chuyn ng ca dao, ca chi tit)
1.1. Lp s b cc nguyn cng:
Nguyn cng 1 : Phay mt A u to ca cng, gia cng
trn my phay ng, dng dao phay mt u.
Nguyn cng 2 : Phay 2 mt nh ca cng bng hai dao
phay a, t bng Rz= 20
Nguyn cng 3: Phay mt i din vi mt A ca u
cng to bng my phay ng, dng dao phay mt u.
Nguyn cng 4: Khoan, khot, doa l to ca cng t kch
thc 20+0,035 v vt mp l, gia cng trn my khoan ng
sau khi khoan xong thay mi khot v mi doa v dao vt
mp gia cng, t c nhm Ra = 2.5.
Nguyn cng 5 : Khoan, khot, doa 2 l nh ca cng
10+0,035 v vt mp l, gia cng trn my khoan ng, t
c nhm Ra = 1,25.
Nguyn cng 6 : Khoan l nh trn u to ca cng
12+0,035 bng my khoan ng t Rz= 40.
Nguyn cng 7 : Khoan 2 l nh trn 2 u cng nh vi ng knh 60,03 t Rz= 40.
Nguyn cng 8 : Kim tra khng song song gia 2 mt
nh ca u cng khng c qu 0,03 mm, khng
vung gc ca l to ca cng so vi mt A khng vt qu
0,03 mm.
H ni: 11/2002

 n cng ngh CTM

Minh

Thnh CTM4/K43

Thit k cc nguyn cng c th:

Nguyn cng I : Phay mt A u ca cng .

H ni: 11/2002

 n cng ngh CTM

Minh

Thnh CTM4/K43
nh v: Chn
mt

din vi

mt A lm chun
th, dng khi V di
c nh, dng cht
chng xoay.
Kp cht: Kp
cht lun bng khi
V di di ng.
Chn my: My
phay nm ng vn
nng

6H12.

Cng

sut ca my Nm =
10kW, hiu sut my = 0,75.
Chn dao: Dng dao phay mt u gn mnh hp kim
cng, c cc kch thc sau( Tra theo bng 5-127 S tay
Cng ngh Ch To My tp 2):
D = 75 mm, Z = 10 rng.
Lng d gia cng: Phay vi lng d Zb1 = 2mm
Ch ct: Xc nh ch ct cho mt dao. Chiu
su ct t = 1,5 mm, lng chy dao SZ = 0.08
0.15mm/rng, tc ct V= 250 m/pht. Cc h s hiu
chnh:
K1: H s iu chnh ph thuc vo nhm v c tnh ca
thp cho trong bng 5-225 S tay CNCTM2 k1 = 1
K2: H s iu chnh ph thuc vo trng thi ca b mt
gia cng

v chu k bn ca dao cho trong bng 5-120

trong S tay CNCTM2 k2 = 0,8

H ni: 11/2002

 n cng ngh CTM

Minh

Thnh CTM4/K43
K3: H s iu chnh ph thuc vo dng gia cng cho
trong bng 5-143 S tay CNCTM2 k3 = 1.
Vy tc tnh ton l: Vt=Vb.k1.k2.k3= 250.1.0,8.1 = 200
m/pht.
S vng quay ca trc chnh theo tc tnh ton l:
nt =

1000.vt 1000 .200

=
= 849vng/pht
D
3,1475

Ta chn s vng quay theo my nm = 840 vng/pht. Nh

vy, tc ct thc t s l:
Vtt =

.D.n m 3,14.75.840
=
= 197,8 m/pht.
1000
1000

Lng chy dao pht l Sp = Sz.z.nm = 0,13.8.840 =873,6

mm/pht. Theo my ta c Sm = 750 mm/pht.
Nguyn cng II : Phay 2 mt nh ca cng .
nh v: Chn
mt A ca cng
lm

chun

dng

khi

tinh,
V

nh v dng mt
cht chng xoay.
Kp
Kp

cht

bng

khi

cht:
lun
V

di

ng v dng c
cu kp cht vo
mt u to ca cng.
Chn my: My phay nm ngang vn nng 6H82. Cng
sut ca my Nm = 7kW, hiu sut my = 0,75.
H ni: 11/2002

 n cng ngh CTM

Minh

Thnh CTM4/K43
Chn dao: Dng dao phay mt u gn mnh hp kim
cng, c cc kch thc sau( Tra theo bng 5-127 S tay
Cng ngh Ch To My tp 2):
D = 75 mm, Z = 10 rng.
Lng d gia cng: Vi lng d phay Zb1 = 2mm
Ch ct: Xc nh ch ct theo bng 5-125 s
tay CNCTM (T II). Chiu su ct t = 1,5 mm, lng chy dao
SZ = 0.1 0.15mm/rng, tc ct V= 250 m/pht. Cc
h s hiu chnh:
K1: H s iu chnh ph thuc vo nhm v c tnh ca
thp cho trong bng 5-225 S tay CNCTM2 k1 = 1
K2: H s iu chnh ph thuc vo trng thi ca b mt
gia cng

v chu k bn ca dao cho trong bng 5-120

trong S tay CNCTM2 k2 = 0,8

K3: H s iu chnh ph thuc vo dng gia cng cho
trong bng 5-143 S tay CNCTM2 k3 = 1.
Vy tc tnh ton l: Vt=Vb.k1.k2.k3= 250.1.0,8.1 = 200
m/pht.
S vng quay ca trc chnh theo tc tnh ton l:
nt =

1000.vt 1000 .200

=
= 849vng/pht
D
3,14.75

Ta chn s vng quay theo my nm = 750 vng/pht. Nh

vy, tc ct thc t s l:
Vtt =

.D.n m 3,14.75.750
=
= 176,6 m/pht.
1000
1000

Lng chy dao pht l Sp = Sz.z.nm = 0,13.10.750 =975

mm/pht. Theo my ta c Sm = 950 mm/pht.

H ni: 11/2002

 n cng ngh CTM

Minh

Thnh CTM4/K43

Nguyn cng III : Phay mt i din vi mt A ca cng .

S nh
v: Dng mt B ca
cng

lm

chun

tinh, dng khi V c

nh v cht t
vo

mt

cng

khng

ca
ch

mt bc t do.
S
cht:

Kp

kp
cht

lun bng khi V di

ng v dng c cu kp cht vo mt u nh ca
cng.
Chn my: My phay nm ng vn nng 6H12. Cng
sut ca my Nm = 10kW

H ni: 11/2002

 n cng ngh CTM

Minh

Thnh CTM4/K43
Chn dao: Dng dao phay mt u gn mnh hp kim
cng, c cc kch thc sau( Tra theo bng 5-127 S tay
Cng ngh Ch To My tp 2):
D = 75 mm, Z = 10 rng.
Lng d gia cng: Phay vi lng d Zb1 = 2mm
Ch ct: Xc nh ch ct cho mt dao.
Chiu su ct t = 1,5 mm, lng chy dao SZ = 0.08
0.15mm/rng, tc ct V= 250 m/pht. Cc h s hiu
chnh:
K1: H s iu chnh ph thuc vo nhm v c tnh ca
thp cho trong bng 5-225 S tay CNCTM2 k1 = 1
K2: H s iu chnh ph thuc vo trng thi ca b mt
gia cng

v chu k bn ca dao cho trong bng 5-120

trong S tay CNCTM2 k2 = 0,8

K3: H s iu chnh ph thuc vo dng gia cng cho
trong bng 5-143 S tay CNCTM2 k3 = 1.
Vy tc tnh ton l: Vt=Vb.k1.k2.k3= 250.1.0,8.1 = 200
m/pht.
S vng quay ca trc chnh theo tc tnh ton l:
nt =

1000.vt 1000 .200

=
= 1592vng/pht
D
3,14.40

Ta chn s vng quay theo my nm = 1500 vng/pht. Nh

vy, tc ct thc t s l:
Vtt =

.D.n m 3,14.40.1500
=
= 180,4 m/pht.
1000
1000

Lng chy dao pht l Sp = Sz.z.nm = 0,13.10.1500 =1950

mm/pht. Theo my ta c Sm = 900 mm/pht

H ni: 11/2002

10

 n cng ngh CTM

Minh

Thnh CTM4/K43
Nguyn cng IV: Khot, khot, Doa l 20+0.035
S nh v: Gia cng l to
cn m bo vung gc ca
tm l v mt u bi vy ta
nh v nh mt mt phng
hn ch 3 bc t do nh v vo
mt u v bc cn chp vo
u mt tr hn ch hai bc t
do v c tc dng nh tm
( hoc mt khi V c nh
nh v vo mt tr ngoi ca
u t ca cng hn ch 2 bc
t do), dng cht chng xoay hn
ch mt bc t do.
Kp cht: Dng c cu tr trt thanh rng v kp t
trn xung.
Chn my: My khoan ng 2A135(K135) Cng sut
ca my Nm = 6 kW, hiu sut = 0,8.
Chn dao: Vi cp chnh xc ca l l cp 7 8 do vy
tra bng 3-131 c ng knh mi khoan ln nht

max

18mm. Mi Khot c lp mnh hp kim cng D = 19,8 mm(

c cc kch thc sau: L = 160 350mm, l = 80 200 mm),
Mi Doa c lp mnh hp kim cng D = 20mm,Vt mp D =
25mm ( Tra theo bng 4-47, 4-49 S tay Cng ngh Ch
To My tp 2):
Lng d gia cng: Gia cng 2 ln vi lng d khot Zb1 =
0,9 mm v lng d Doa Zb2 = 0.1 mm

H ni: 11/2002

11

 n cng ngh CTM

Minh

Thnh CTM4/K43
Ch ct: Xc nh ch ct cho Khot. Chiu
su

ct

0,9

mm,

lng

chy

dao

0.9

mm/vng(0,9 1,1), tc ct V = 35 mm/vng. Ta tra c cc h s ph thuc:

k1 : H s ph thuc vo chu k bn, B5-109 S tay
CNCTM tp 2, k1 = 1
k2 : H s ph thuc vo trng thi b mt phi, B5109 Stay CNCTM t.2, k2=1
k3 : H s iu chnh ph thuc vo Mc ca hp kim
cng, B5-109 S tay CNCTM tp 2, k3 = 1
vt = 35.k1.k2.k3 = 35.1.1.1.1 = 35 m/pht.
Ta xc nh s vng quay tnh ton ca trc
chnh nt vo cng thc:
nt =

1000.vt 1000.35
=
= 557,3 vng/pht
.d
3,14.20

S vng quay ca trc chnh theo dy s vng quay: nm =

482 vng/pht v lng chy dao S = 0,1 mm/vng.
Tnh li ta c tc ct thc:
v=

.d .n 3,14.20.482
=
= 30,26m/ph
1000
1000

Lc ct P0 c tnh nh sau:
P0 = Cp.PZy.SYp.kp.
Vi CP = 62; zp = 1; yp = 0,8; kp = 1 (vt liu l gang xm)
do vy:
P0 = 62.20.0,10,8.1 = 194,56 KG.
Xc nh mmen xon Mm:
Mm = Cm.D2.SYm.km.
Cm= 23,6; ym=0,8; km= 1, vy mmen xon s bng:
Mm = 23,6.202.0,10,8.1 = 1496,3kG.mm
H ni: 11/2002

12

 n cng ngh CTM

Minh

Thnh CTM4/K43
Cng sut ct c xc nh nh sau:
Nc =

1496,3.482
M x .nm
=
= 0,72kW.
975.1000
975.1000

So vi cng sut ca my:

Nc Nm. = 6.0,8 = 4,8
Nh vy my 2A135 cng sut gia cng l c ng
knh l 20mm.
Xc nh ch ct cho Doa. Chiu su ct t =
0,1 mm, lng chy dao S = 1 mm/vng(1 1,3), tc ct V
= 10 mm/vng.
Ta xc nh s vng quay tnh ton ca trc chnh nt vo
cng thc:
nt =

1000.vt 1000 .10

=
= 159,2vng/pht
.d
3,14.20

S vng quay ca trc chnh theo dy s vng quay:

nm = 122 vng/pht v lng chy dao S = 0,1 mm/vng.
Tnh li tc ct:
v=

.d .n 3,14.20.122
=
= 7,66(v/ph).
1000
1000

Nguyn cng V: Khoan,doa 2 l u nh ca cng 10.

Lp s g t:: Dng
mt A lm mt chun tinh
khng ch 3 bc t do, dng
khi V c nh hn ch 2
bc t do, dng khi V di
ng hn ch 1 bc t do
cn li

H ni: 11/2002

13

 n cng ngh CTM

Minh

Thnh CTM4/K43
Kp cht: Dng m kp kp cht vo mt u to ca
cng
Chn my: My khoan ng 2A125 c ng knh mi
khoan ln nht khi khoan thp c bn trung bnh

max

= 25mm. Cng sut ca my Nm = 2,8 kW

Chn dao: Mi khoan c kch thc nh sau d = 9,8 mm v
mi doa c d = 10mm ( Tra theo bng 4-40, 4-41 S tay
Cng ngh Ch To My tp 2):
Lng d gia cng: Vi lng d khoan Zb1 = d1/2 = 4,9 mm v lng d doa Zb2 = d2/2 =0,1 mm
Ch ct: Xc nh ch ct cho khoan l 10,
chiu su ct t = 4,9 mm, lng chy dao S = 0,17
(0.14 0,18)mm/vng, tc ct V = 27,5 m/pht. Ta c
cc h s:
K1: H s iu chnh ph thuc vo chu k bn T
ca dao, k1 = 1.
K2: H s iu chnh ph thuc vo trng thi thp,
k2 = 1.
K3: H s iu chnh ph thuc vo chiu su l, k 3
= 1.
K4: H s iu chnh ph thuc vo Mc ca vt liu
mi khoan,
k4 = 1.
vt = vb.k1.k2.k3.k4 = 27,5.1.1.1.1 = 27,5
m/pht.
Ta xc nh s vng quay tnh ton ca trc chnh nt
vo cng thc:

H ni: 11/2002

14

 n cng ngh CTM

Minh

Thnh CTM4/K43
nt =

1000.v t 1000.27,5
=
= 1469 vng/pht
.d
3,14.6

ta chn s vng quay ca trc chnh theo dy s vng

quay: nm = 1360vng/pht
Xc nh ch ct cho khoan l 10. Chiu su
ct t = 1 mm, lng chy dao S = 0,05 (hoc 0,06)
mm/vng, tc ct V = 43 m/pht. Ta c cc h s:
K1: H s iu chnh ph thuc vo chu k bn T
ca dao, k1 = 1.
K2: H s iu chnh ph thuc vo trng thi
thp, k2 = 1.
K3: H s iu chnh ph thuc vo chiu su l, k 3
= 1.
K4: H s iu chnh ph thuc vo Mc ca vt
liu mi khoan, k4 = 1.
vt = vb.k1.k2.k3.k4 = 43.1.1.1.1 = 43
m/pht.
Ta xc nh s vng quay tnh ton ca trc chnh nt
vo cng thc:
nt =

1000.vt 1000 .43

=
= 2282.4 vng/pht
.d
3,14.6

S vng quay ca trc chnh theo dy s vng quay: nm =

1360vng/pht v lng chy dao S
= 0,1 mm/vng
Nguyn

cng

VI

:Khoan

12+0,035 trn u to ca cng

Lp s g t:: Dng mt A
lm mt chun tinh khng ch 3

H ni: 11/2002

15

 n cng ngh CTM

Minh

Thnh CTM4/K43
bc t do, dng khi V c nh hn ch 2 bc t do, dng
khi V di ng hn ch 1 bc t do cn li
Kp cht: Dng m kp kp cht vo mt u to ca
cng
Chn my: My khoan ng 2A125 c ng knh mi
khoan ln nht khi khoan thp c bn trung bnh

max

= 25mm. Cng sut ca my Nm = 2,8 kW

Chn dao: Mi khoan c kch thc nh sau d = 11,8 mm v
mi doa c d = 12mm ( Tra theo bng 4-40, 4-41 S tay
Cng ngh Ch To My tp 2):
Lng d gia cng: Vi lng d khoan Zb1 = d1/2 = 5,9 mm v lng d doa Zb2 = d2/2 =0,1 mm
Ch ct: Xc nh ch ct cho khoan l 10,
chiu su ct t = 5,9 mm, lng chy dao S = 0,17
(0.14 0,18)mm/vng, tc ct V = 27,5 m/pht. Ta c
cc h s:
K1: H s iu chnh ph thuc vo chu k bn T
ca dao, k1 = 1.
K2: H s iu chnh ph thuc vo trng thi thp,
k2 = 1.
K3: H s iu chnh ph thuc vo chiu su l, k 3
= 1.
K4: H s iu chnh ph thuc vo mc ca vt liu
mi khoan,
k4 = 1.
vt = vb.k1.k2.k3.k4 = 27,5.1.1.1.1 = 27,5
m/pht.

H ni: 11/2002

16

 n cng ngh CTM

Minh

Thnh CTM4/K43
Ta xc nh s vng quay tnh ton ca trc chnh nt
vo cng thc:
nt =

1000.vt 1000 .27,5

=
= 729,8 vng/pht
.d
3,14.12

ta chn s vng quay ca trc chnh theo dy s vng

quay: nm = 668vng/pht
Xc nh ch ct cho khoan l 12. Chiu su ct t
= 1 mm, lng chy dao S = 0,05 (hoc 0,06) mm/vng, tc
ct V = 43 m/pht. Ta c cc h s:
K1: H s iu chnh ph thuc vo chu k bn T
ca dao, k1 = 1.
K2: H s iu chnh ph thuc vo trng thi thp,
k2 = 1.
K3: H s iu chnh ph thuc vo chiu su l, k 3
= 1.
K4: H s iu chnh ph thuc vo Mc ca vt liu
mi khoan,
k4 = 1.
vt = vb.k1.k2.k3.k4 = 43.1.1.1.1 = 43 m/pht.
Ta xc nh s vng quay tnh ton ca trc chnh nt
vo cng thc:
nt =

1000.vt 1000 .43

=
= 1141,2 vng/pht
.d
3,14.12

S vng quay ca trc chnh theo dy s vng quay: nm =

950vng/pht v lng chy dao S = 0,1 mm/vng.

H ni: 11/2002

17

 n cng ngh CTM

Minh

Thnh CTM4/K43
Nguyn cng VII: Khoan l 6+0,03 trn u nh ca cng.
Lp s g t:: Dng mt A
lm mt chun tinh khng ch 3
bc t do, dng khi V c nh hn
ch 2 bc t do, dng khi V di
ng hn ch 1 bc t do cn li
Kp cht: Dng m kp kp cht
vo mt u to ca cng
Chn my: My khoan ng 2A125
c ng knh mi khoan ln nht
khi khoan thp c bn trung
bnh

max

= 25mm. Cng sut ca my Nm = 2,8 kW

Chn dao: Mi khoan c kch thc nh sau d = 5,8 mm v

mi doa c d = 6mm ( Tra theo bng 4-40, 4-41 S tay
Cng ngh Ch To My tp 2):
Lng d gia cng: Vi lng d khoan Zb1 = d1/2 = 2,9 mm v lng d doa Zb2 = d2/2 =0,1 mm
Ch ct: Xc nh ch ct cho khoan l 10,
chiu su ct t = 2,9 mm, lng chy dao S = 0,17
(0.14 0,18)mm/vng, tc ct V = 27,5 m/pht. Ta c
cc h s:
K1: H s iu chnh ph thuc vo chu k bn T
ca dao, k1 = 1.
K2: H s iu chnh ph thuc vo trng thi thp,
k2 = 1.
K3: H s iu chnh ph thuc vo chiu su l, k 3
= 1.

H ni: 11/2002

18

 n cng ngh CTM

Minh

Thnh CTM4/K43
K4: H s iu chnh ph thuc vo Mc ca vt liu
mi khoan,
k4 = 1.
vt = vb.k1.k2.k3.k4 = 27,5.1.1.1.1 = 27,5
m/pht.
Ta xc nh s vng quay tnh ton ca trc chnh nt
vo cng thc:
nt =

1000.v t 1000.27,5
=
= 1459 vng/pht
.d
3,14.6

ta chn s vng quay ca trc chnh theo dy s vng

quay: nm = 1360vng/pht
Xc nh ch ct cho khoan l 6. Chiu su ct t =
2,9 mm, lng chy dao S = 0,05 (hoc 0,06) mm/vng, tc
ct V = 43 m/pht. Ta c cc h s:
K1: H s iu chnh ph thuc vo chu k bn T
ca dao, k1 = 1.
K2: H s iu chnh ph thuc vo trng thi thp,
k2 = 1.
K3: H s iu chnh ph thuc vo chiu su l, k 3
= 1.
K4: H s iu chnh ph thuc vo Mc ca vt liu
mi khoan,
k4 = 1.
vt = vb.k1.k2.k3.k4 = 43.1.1.1.1 = 43 m/pht.
Ta xc nh s vng quay tnh ton ca trc chnh nt
vo cng thc:
nt =

1000.vt 1000 .43

=
= 2282.4 vng/pht
.d
3,14.6

H ni: 11/2002

19

 n cng ngh CTM

Minh

Thnh CTM4/K43
S vng quay ca trc chnh theo dy s vng quay: nm =
1360vng/pht v lng chy dao S = 0,1 mm/vng.
Nguyn cng IX:Kim tra
Kim tra khng vung gc gia ng tm l v mt
u.

kim

tra

vung gc gia tm l v
mt u ta dng bc cn
vi cn l 1/500 lp
vo l 20+0,035 kh
khe h sau ta lp trc vo bc cn trn ta gn u
o, cn mt u do ta cho tip xc vi mt u, c gi
tr trn ng h ta s kim tra c vung gc
6. Tnh lng d ca b mt no , cn tt c cc b mt
gia cng khc ca chi tit th tra theo S tay Cng ngh
[7].
Tnh lng d ca b mt 20+0,035. chnh xc ca
phi dp cp , trng phi: 1 kg vt liu phi: thp 45.
Qui trnh cng ngh gm cc bc : Khoan, khot, doa
v vt mp. Chi tit c nh v mt phng u ( hn
ch 3 bc t do), dng c cu tr trt thanh rng vi chp ba
vu cch nhau 1200 va kp cht va khng ch 2 bc t
do.
Cng thc tnh lng d cho b mt tr trong i xng
20+0,035:
Zmin = Rza + Ti +

a2 + b2

H ni: 11/2002

20

 n cng ngh CTM

Minh

Thnh CTM4/K43
Trong :
RZa : Chiu cao nhp nh t vi do bc cng ngh st trc li.
Ta

: Chiu su lp h hng b mt do bc cng ngh

st trc li.
a : Sai lch v v tr khng gian do bc cng ngh
st trc li ( cong vnh, lch tm, khng
song song )
b : Sai s g t chi tit bc cng ngh ang thc
hin.
Theo bng 10 - Thit k n cng ngh Ch to My, ta
c:
Rz = 150 m
Ti = 200 m
Sai lch v tr khng gian tng cng c xc nh theo
cng thc sau:
a =

2
c2 + cm

Gi tr cong vnh c ca l c tnh theo c hai phng hng

knh v hng trc:

( k .d ) 2 + ( k .l ) 2

c=

(1,5.50 ) 2 + (1,5.29 ) 2 = 87 m.

Trong :
k ly theo bng 15 - S tay Cng ngh Ch To My.
l, d l chiu di v ng knh l.
Gi tr cm ( x dch phi) c tra theo bng 3.77 - S tay
Cng ngh Ch To My tp 1, cm = 0.3 mm = 300m.
a = 87 2 +300 2 = 312,36 m.
Sai lch khng gian cn li sau khi khot l:
H ni: 11/2002

21

 n cng ngh CTM

Minh

Thnh CTM4/K43
1 = k.a i vi gia cng l th k = 0,05, i vi gia
cng th( h s chnh xc ho).
1 = 0,05.312,36 =15,618 m.
Sai s g t chi tit b bc nguyn cng ang thc hin
c xc nh bng tng vct sai s chun c v sai s
kp cht, nu khng xt n sai s g:
b = c2 + k2
Trong :
c : sai s chun( khi gc kch thc khng trng vi
chun nh v)
c = 0.2 + 2.e (chn e = 0 khng tn ti lch
tm) c = 0,2.
k: si s kp cht (Bng 24) k = 80 m
b = c2 + k2 = 80 2 + 200 2 = 215.41 m.
By gi ta c th xc nh lng d nh nht theo cng thc:
2.Zmin = 2.(RZi-1 + Ti-1 +

i21 + i2 )

= 2.(150 + 200 + 312,36 2 + 215,412 )

= 2.729,43 = 1458,86 m.
Lng d nh nht ca khot (gia cng th):
2.Zmin = 1458,86 m.
Tnh lng d cho bc gia cng tinh( doa):
1 = k. = 0,05.312,36 = 15.618 m.
b = 0,05.215,41 = 10,771 m.
RZi = 50 m.
Ti = 50 m.
( sau khi khot th t cp chnh xc 3 - theo Bng 13 )
H ni: 11/2002

22

 n cng ngh CTM

Minh

Thnh CTM4/K43
2.Zmin = 2.(50 + 50 + 15,618 2 + 10,7712 )
= 2.118,97 = 237.94 m.
Ta c th lp c bng tnh ton lng d nh sau:
Bc

RZa Ti

Phi
Kho
t

a
m

m m
15 20 312.
0

50

50

36
15.6
18

Doa

Zmt dt

Dmin

Dmax

mm

mm

18.3

200 16.3

18.3

41
19.7

41
19.6

41
19.7

99

99
20.0

215.

72

41
10.7

9
99
11 20.0

71

100

37

25

Tn

20

37

2Zmi 2Zm
n

ax

145 335
8

238 313
169 367

g
Kim tra: Tph - Tch

6
1
= 2000 - 25 = 1975 = 3671 - 1696 =

2Zbmax - 2Zbmin
7. Tnh ch ct ca mt b mt no , cn tt c
cc b mt gia cng khc ca chi tit th tra theo S tay
Cng ngh [7].
Nguyn cng tnh ch ct( trng nguyn cng
thit k g): Nguyn cng 4 khoan, khot, doa, vt mp
l 20+0,035. Ta c cc thng s u vo: My khoan ng
2A135(K135) Cng sut ca my Nm = 6 kW, hiu sut =
0,8.
Tc ct: C cng thc: V =

Cv D q
kv .
T mS y

Trong : theo bng 5-82 trang 23, vi mi khoan bng

thp gi, lng chy dao S=0,10 mm<0,2, c CV=7,0;
H ni: 11/2002

23

 n cng ngh CTM

Minh

Thnh CTM4/K43
y=0,70; q =0,4; m=0,20. khi khoan c dung dch trn
ngui.
+T : Chu k bn, vi dao bng thp gi.
+kv: H s iu chnh chung cho tc ct khi tnh
n cc iu kin thc t:
kV=kMV.kUV.kLV.
+ kMV: H s ph thuc vo vt liu gia cng. thp C45,
B=750MPa, kMV=kn.
trong kn=0,9(h s ph thuc vo vt liu vt liu gia
cng)kMV=0,9.
+ kUV: h s ph thuc vo vt liu dng c ct. theo
bng 5-31 c kUV=0,35.
+ kLV: H s ph thuc vo chiu su khoan. L=5mm,
theo bng 5-31 c kLV=1
7.4 0, 4
0,9.0,35.1 = 1,579 (m/pht).
v = 0, 2
15 0,08 0,5

Theo s tay c , m men ct khi khoan:

MX = 10.CM.Dq.Sy.kp
Theo bng 5.32 c CM = 0,0345; q = 2; y = 0,8; kP = k = 1
(Theo bng 5.9, B =750Mpa, c kP=1)
MX=10.0,345.42.0,08.0,8.1=9,3 Nm.
Lc ct: P0=10.CP.Dq.Sy.kP
Theo bng 5.32 c CP=68, q=1, y =0,7
P0=10.68.41.0,080,7.1=464,229 N.
Cng sut ct:
Ne=(MX.n)/9750

vi

n=

1000.v
=
.D

(1000.1,579)/3,14.0,004=125716,56 (v/f).

H ni: 11/2002

24

 n cng ngh CTM

Minh

Thnh CTM4/K43
Ne = 9,3.125716,56/9750=119,5 (kW).
8. Tnh thi gian c bn cho tt c cc nguyn cng:
Trong sn xut hng lot v sn xut hng khi thi
gian nguyn cng c xc nh theo cng thc sau y:
Ttc = To + Tp + Tpv + Ttn
Trong :
Ttc - Thi gian tng chic (thi gian nguyn cng).
To - Thi gian c bn ( thi gian cn thit bin
i trc tip hnh dng, kch thc v tnh cht c l ca
chi tit; thi gian ny c th c thc hin bng my hoc
bng tay v trong tng trng hp gia cng c th c cng
thc tnh tng ng).
Tp - Thi gian ph ( thi gian cn thit ngi cng
nhn g, tho chi tit, m my, chn ch ct, dch
chuyn dao v bn my, kim tra kch thc ca chi
tit ...). Khi xc nh thi gian nguyn cng ta c th gi
tr gn ng Tp = 10%To.
Tpv - Thi gian phc v ch lm vic gm: thi gian
phc v k thut (Tpvkt) thay i dng c, mI dao, sa
, iu chnh my, iu chnh dng c (Tpvkt = 8%To);
thi gian phc v t chc (Tpvtc) tra du cho my, thu
dn ch lm vic, bn giao ca kp (Tpvtc=3%To).
Ttn - Thi gian ngh ngI t nhin ca cng nhn (T tn
= 5%To).
Xc nh thi gian c bn theo cng thc sau y:
To =

L + L1 + L2
S .n

Trong :
L - Chiu di b mt gia cng (mm).
H ni: 11/2002

25

 n cng ngh CTM

Minh

Thnh CTM4/K43
L1 - Chiu di n dao (mm).
L2 - Chiu di thot dao (mm).
S - Lng chy dao vng(mm/vng).
n - S vng quay hoc hnh trnh kp trong 1 pht.
8.1. Thi gian c bn ca nguyn cng 1: Phay mt u
bng dao phay a:
L = 70 mm.
L1 = t ( D t ) + (0,5 + 3) =

70(250 70) + 3 = 115 mm

L2 = (2 5) mm.
T01 =

L + L1 + L2
70 + 115 + 5
=
= 0,067 pht.
95.30
S .n

8.2. Thi gian c bn ca nguyn cng 2: Phay 2 b mt

nh ca cng.
L = 25 mm.
L1 = t ( D t ) + (0,5 + 3) = 3(25 3) + 3 = 12,1mm
L2 = (2 5) mm.
T02 =

L + L1 + L2
25 + 12,1 + 5
=
= 0,028 pht.
0.5.1500
S .n

8.3. Thi gian c bn ca nguyn cng 3: Phay b mt to

ca cng.
L = 40 mm.
L1 = t ( D t ) + (0,5 + 3) = 3(40 3) + 3 = 13,5 mm
L2 = (2 5) mm.
T03 =

L + L1 + L2
40 + 13,5 + 5
=
= 0,067 pht.
500.1500
S .n

8.4. Thi gian c bn ca nguyn cng 4: Khoan, khot,

doa, vt mp l

20+0,035.

Tnh thi gian nguyn cng:

H ni: 11/2002

26

 n cng ngh CTM

Minh

Thnh CTM4/K43
Ttc= T0 + Tp + Tpv + Ttn
Vi T0 = T01+ T02 + T03+ T04
Trong

T01l thi gian c bn cho khoan.

T02 l thi gian c bn cho khot.
T03 l thi gian c bn cho doa.

Thi gian c bn cho khoan c xc nh theo cng thc

sau:
T01 =
vi:

L + L1 + L2
.i (pht).
S .n

L: chiu di b mt gia cng (mm).

L1: Chiu di n dao (mm).
L2: Chiu di thot dao (mm).
S: Lng chy dao vng (mm/vng).
n: S vng quay hoc hnh trnh kp trong mt pht
i = 8.
L1 =

d
cot g + (0,5 2)
2

L2 = (1 3)mm.
Tra bng 28 trang 57[1] ng vi s khoan l thng sut
ta c:
S = 0,1mm/vng.
n1= 482(v/ph)
L = 46mm
Thay vo cng thc ta c: L1 = 7mm
T01 =

46 + 7 + 2
.8 = 0,913(ph)
1.482

* ng vi s khot l thng sut c:

T02 =

L + L1 + L2
.i (pht).
S .n

vi: L: chiu di b mt gia cng (mm).

H ni: 11/2002

27

 n cng ngh CTM

Minh

Thnh CTM4/K43
L1: Chiu di n dao (mm).
L2: Chiu di thot dao (mm).
S: Lng chy dao vng (mm/vng).
n: S vng quay hoc hnh trnh kp trong mt pht
i = 8.
L1 =

d
cot g + (0,5 2)
2

L2 = (1 3)mm.
Tra bng 28 trang 57[1] ng vi s khoan l thng sut
ta c:
S = 0,9mm/vng.
n1= 122(v/ph)
L = 46mm
Thay vo cng thc ta c: L1 = 7mm
46 + 7 + 2

T02 = 0,9.122 .8 = 0,46(ph)

- Thi gian c bn doa:
T03 =

L + L1 + L2
.i (pht).
S .n

vi: L: chiu di b mt gia cng (mm).

L1: Chiu di n dao (mm).
L2: Chiu di thot dao (mm).
S: Lng chy dao vng (mm/vng).
n: S vng quay hoc hnh trnh kp trong mt pht
i = 8.
L1 =

d
cot g + (0,5 2)
2

L2 = (1 3)mm.
Tra bng 28 trang 57[1] ng vi s khoan l thng sut
ta c:
H ni: 11/2002

28

 n cng ngh CTM

Minh

Thnh CTM4/K43
S = 0,1mm/vng.
n1= 482(v/ph)
L = 46mm
Thay vo cng thc ta c: L1 = 7mm
46 + 7 + 2

T03 = 0,1.122 .8 = 0,32(ph)

- Thi gian vt mp:
L = 1 mm.
L1 = (0,5 2) mm.
T04 =

1+ 2
L + L1
=
= 0,18 pht
0,1.122
S .n

Thi gian gia cng c bn:

T0 = 0,913+ 0,46+ 0,32 +0,18 = 1,873(ph).
Tp: l thi gian ph c th ly gi tr gn ng Tp=
10%.T0 = 0,187(ph).
Tpv: l thi gian phc v ch lm vic gm thi gian
phc v k thut thay dng c, sa , mi dao, iu
chnh my... c th ly gn ng:
Tpv = 11%.T0 = 0,2(ph).
Ttm:l thi gian ngh ngi t nhin ca cng nhn:
Ttn = 5%.T0 = 0,091(ph).
Vy tng thi gian gia cng l:
Ttc= T0 + Tp + Tpv + Ttn = 1,873 + 0,187 + 0,2 + 0,091
= 2,35(ph).
8.5. Thi gian c bn ca nguyn cng 5: Khoan, khot,
doa, vt mp 2 l 10+0,035.
Tnh thi gian nguyn cng:
Ttc= T0 + Tp + Tpv + Ttn
Vi

T0 = T01+ T02 + T03+ T04

H ni: 11/2002

29

 n cng ngh CTM

Minh

Thnh CTM4/K43
Trong
T01l thi gian c bn cho khoan.
T02 l thi gian c bn cho khot.
T03 l thi gian c bn cho doa.
Thi gian c bn cho khoan c xc nh theo cng thc
sau:
L + L1 + L2
.i (pht).
S .n

T01 =

vi: L: chiu di b mt gia cng (mm).

L1: Chiu di n dao (mm).
L2: Chiu di thot dao (mm).
S: Lng chy dao vng (mm/vng).
n: S vng quay hoc hnh trnh kp trong mt
pht
i = 8.
L1 =

d
cot g + (0,5 2)
2

L2 = (1 3)mm.
Tra bng 28 trang 57[1] ng vi s khoan l thng sut
ta c:
S = 0,1mm/vng.
n1= 482(v/ph)
L = 24mm
Thay vo cng thc ta c: L1 = 7mm
T01 =

24 + 7 + 2
.8 = 0,498(ph)
1.482

* ng vi s khot l thng sut c:

T02 =

L + L1 + L2
.i (pht).
S .n

vi: L: chiu di b mt gia cng (mm).

L1: Chiu di n dao (mm).
H ni: 11/2002

30

 n cng ngh CTM

Minh

Thnh CTM4/K43
L2: Chiu di thot dao (mm).
S: Lng chy dao vng (mm/vng).
n: S vng quay hoc hnh trnh kp trong mt pht
i = 8.
L1 =

d
cot g + (0,5 2)
2

L2 = (1 3)mm.
Tra bng 28 trang 57[1] ng vi s khoan l thng sut
ta c:
S = 0,9mm/vng.
n1= 122(v/ph)
L = 24mm
Thay vo cng thc ta c: L1 = 7mm
24 + 7 + 2

T02 = 0,9.122 .8 = 0,27(ph)

- Thi gian c bn doa:
T03 =

L + L1 + L2
.i (pht).
S .n

vi: L: chiu di b mt gia cng (mm).

L1: Chiu di n dao (mm).
L2: Chiu di thot dao (mm).
S: Lng chy dao vng (mm/vng).
n: S vng quay hoc hnh trnh kp trong mt pht
i = 8.
L1 =

d
cot g + (0,5 2)
2

L2 = (1 3)mm.
Tra bng 28 trang 57[1] ng vi s khoan l thng sut
ta c:
S = 0,1mm/vng.
H ni: 11/2002

31

 n cng ngh CTM

Minh

Thnh CTM4/K43
n1= 482(v/ph)
L = 24mm
Thay vo cng thc ta c: L1 = 7mm
24 + 7 + 2

T03 = 0,1.482 .8 = 0,21(ph)

- Thi gian vt mp:
L = 1 mm.
L1 = (0,5 2) mm.
T04 =

1+ 2
L + L1
= 0,1.482 = 0,06 pht
S .n

Thi gian gia cng c bn:

T0 = 0,498+ 0,27+ 0,21 +0,06 = 1,038(ph).
Tp: l thi gian ph c th ly gi tr gn ng Tp=
10%.T0 = 0,103(ph).
Tpv: l thi gian phc v ch lm vic gm thi gian
phc v k thut thay dng c, sa , mi dao, iu
chnh my... c th ly gn ng:
Tpv = 11%.T0 = 0,11(ph).
Ttm:l thi gian ngh ngi t nhin ca cng nhn:
Ttn = 5%.T0 = 0,052(ph).
Vy tng thi gian gia cng l:
Ttc= T0 + Tp + Tpv + Ttn = 1,038 + 0,103 + 0,11 +
0,052 = 1,303(ph).
8.6. Thi gian c bn ca nguyn cng 5: Khoan l nh ca
u cng to:
- Khoan l 12 thng sut:
L = 20 mm.

H ni: 11/2002

32

 n cng ngh CTM

Minh

Thnh CTM4/K43
L1 =

D
cotg
2

+ (0.5 2) =

12
cotg300 + (0,5 2) =
2

12 mm.
T06 =

20 + 12
L + L1
=
= 0,21 pht.
0,1.1360
S .n

8.7. Thi gian c bn ca nguyn cng 7: Khoan 2 l nh

ca hai u cng nh 6+0,03:
L = 25 mm.
L1 =

D
6
cotg + (0.5 2) = cotg300 + (0,5 2) = 7
2
2

mm.
L2 = (1 3) mm.
T07=

25 + 7 + 3
L + L1 + L2
= 0,1.1360 = 0,25 pht.
S .n

Vy thi gian c bn gia cng chi tit l:

To = T01 + T02 + T03 + T04 + T05 + T06 + T07 = 4,28 pht.

H ni: 11/2002

33

 n cng ngh CTM

Minh

Thnh CTM4/K43
9. Tnh v thit k g cho nguyn cng khoan khot - doa l to ca cng.
a). Lp s g t:
Chi tit gia cng c
nh v trn phin t hn
ch 3 bc t do v dng
c cu tr trt thanh rng,
nh tm v kp
cht chi tit ta dng ng
cn c 3 vu cch u
nhau 1200. Nh vy chi tit
gia cng c hn ch 5
bc t do.
b). Tnh lc kp ca c
cu:
y l c cu kp
n gin, y trc n
khp

vi

bnh

tr

rng

nghing = 450, gc cn trn l thn g 1= 3030 50.

Khi tc dng quay tay quay, ti v tr phin dn tip
xc vi chi tit cn kp, nu quay tip tay quay th trc
mang bnh rng s chu tc dng ca lc dc trc P p
phn cn trn trc vo thnh l. Ta c :
p1= W1.tg - Fms.
vi Fms = V1.tg.f
P1= W1(tg - tg.f)
vi = 200; = 450; f = 1 ta c :

H ni: 11/2002

34

 n cng ngh CTM

Minh

Thnh CTM4/K43
M

P1 = 0,96.W1 = r
d

Nu xem phn cn ca l trn thn g nh mt

chm c hai mt phng nghing vi nhau 21= 100, lc P2
thng gc vi trc ca u cn s l:
P2 =

P1
2.tg ( + )

- gc ma st gia phn cn ca trc v l cn trn

v.
Lc P3 tc dng vung gc vi ng sinh mt cn c xc
nh nh sau:
P1

P3 = 2. sin( + ) .
1
Lc ma st cn tr khng cho trc rng quay l:
P1

F*x = 2. sin( + ) . f
1
Lc ny c tc dng lm cho lc ko ca thanh rng W1 nh
i. V c nhng tn hao nn W1 nh i v ch cn:
W1 =

Dcp
M
Fx* .
rd
d1

Trong : Dcp - ng knh vng trn ti tit din trung

bnh ca phn cn (mm).
d1 - ng knh vng trn ln ca trc rng (mm).
thng thng

Dcp
d1

= 1,27 ta c W1 = 0,33. r

3l

Vy lc kp s l : W = W1.(1 - l . f ) W = 0,26 r .
1
d
Thay s liu vo ta c:
c). Thit k cc c cu ca g.
Khi thit k g cn m bo cc yu cu sau:
H ni: 11/2002

35

 n cng ngh CTM

Minh

Thnh CTM4/K43
+ m bo cho phng n kt cu g hp l v mt
k thut v kinh t, s dng cc kt cu tiu chun, m
bo iu kin s dng ti u nhm t c cht lng nguyn
cng mt cch kinh t nht trn c s kt cu v tnh nng
ca my cng c s lp g
+ m bo yu cu v an ton k thut, c bit l
iu kin thao tc v thot phoi khi s dng g
+ Tn dng cc loi kt cu c tiu chun ho
+ m bo lp rp v iu chnh g trn my
thun tin.
+ m bo kt cu ph hp vi kh nng ch to v lp
rp thc t ca c s sn xut.
Trn c s ta tnh ton v chn kt cu g cho
nguyn cng khoan, khot, doa l 20+0,035.
d). Tnh sai s chun.
Sai s chun c sinh ra do chun nh v khng trng
vi gc kch thc, sai s chun c xc nh theo cng
thc:
e). Tnh sai s kp cht k.
Sai s kp cht do lc kp gy ra, khi phng ca lc
kp vung gc vi phng ca kch thc thc hin th sai s
kp cht bng 0.
f). Tnh sai s mn m:
Sai s mn do g b mn gy ra, c tnh theo
cng thc:
m = . N (m).

H ni: 11/2002

36

 n cng ngh CTM

Minh

Thnh CTM4/K43
vi : h s ph thuc vo kt cu nh v, chn =
0,2 v N l s lng chi tit c gia cng trn g m =
0,2(m).
g). Tnh sai s iu chnh c:
Sai s iu chnh l sai s sinh ra trong qu trnh
lp rp v iu chnh g, sai s iu chnh ph
thuc vo kh nng iu chnh v dng c c dng
iu chnh khi lp rp, thng ly c = 8(m).
h). Sai s g t g : Khi tnh ton g ta ly gi tr sai
s g t cho php [g] =

1
1
= .0, 35 = 0,11(mm).
3
3

i). Tnh sai s ch to cho php ca g ct.

Sai s ny cn c xc nh khi thit k g. Do
a s cc sai s phn b theo quy lut chun v phng
ca chng kh xc nh nn ta dng cng thc sau xc
nh sai s:
[g] = [ gd ]2 [ c2 + k2 + m2 + dc2 ]
[g] =

0,112 [0,04 2 + 0 + 0,02 2 + 0,008 2 ] = 0,086mm.

j). Yu cu k thut ca g.
T gi tr sai s g t cho php ta c th nu yu
cu k thut ca g:
+ khng song song gia b mt nh v v mt
y g l
0,086mm
+ khng vung gc gia tm bc dn v b mt
phin nh v l
0,086mm
H ni: 11/2002

37

 n cng ngh CTM

Minh

Thnh CTM4/K43

H ni: 11/2002

38