Qun tr chui cung ng.

Nhm 12

MC LC
CHNG I. MT S VN LY LUN V CHUI CUNG NG..............3

Qun tr chui cung ng.

Nhm 12

Li ni u:
cnh tranh thnh cng trong mi trng kinh doanh y bin ng nh hin nay, i hi cc doanh nghip phi tham gia vo cng vic kinh doanh ca nh cung cp cng nh khch hng ca h bng vic xy dng ring cho mnh mt chui cng ng hon chnh. Pht trin chui cung ng hon chnh s to nn tng cho doanh nghip tit kim chi ph khng cn thit; nng cao gi tr gia tng cho sn phm, tng sc cnh tranh ca cc sn phm vi i th. Ngoi ra, n cn gip cho nn cng nghip trong nc gia nhp chui gi tr sn xut ton cu, pht trin th trng tiu th ra ton th gii. iu ny i hi doanh nghip phi quan tm su sc n ton b dng dch chuyn nguyn vt liu, cch thc thit k v ng gi sn phm v dch v ca nh cung cp, cch thc vn chuyn, bo qun sn phm hon thin v nhng iu m ngi tiu dng yu cu. c bit vi ngnh cng nghip t ang tng trng nh v bo hin nay. Vy cc doanh nghip trong ngnh t phi lm g xy dng c chui cung ng p ng c nhng yu cu ca th trng. Xin mi c v cc bn ng hnh cng nhm 12 nghin cu ti: Chui cung ng ca Toyota Vit nam v mt s gii php hon thin chui cung ng ny. T tm ra cc u v nhc im, nhng thun li v kh khn ca h thng, ng thi xut mt s gii php gip Toyota Vit Nam hon thin chui cung ng cho mnh. D rt n lc v c gng, nhng do hn ch v thi gian, ngun ti liu v kin thc cn hn hp nn ni dung ca ti khng trnh khi thiu st, rt mong nhn c s ng gp kin ca C v cc nhm cn li trong lp bi tiu lun c hon thin hn.

Chn thnh cm n.

Qun tr chui cung ng.

Nhm 12

CHNG I. MT S VN LY LUN V CHUI CUNG NG

1. nh ngha v chui cung ng v qun tr chui cung ng. Trong mt chui cung ng in hnh, nguyn vt liu c mua mt hoc nhiu nh cung cp; cc b phn c sn xut mt nh my hoc nhiu hn, sau c vn chuyn n nh kho lu tr giai on trung gian v cui cng n nh bn l v khch hng. V vy, gim thiu chi ph v ci tin mc phc v, cc chin luc chui cung ng hiu qu phi xem xt n s tng tc cc cp khc nhau trong chui cung ng. Chui cung ng, cng c xem nh mt mng lui lin kt, bao gm cc nh cung cp, cc trung tm sn xut, nh kho, cc trung tm phn phi, v cc ca hng bn l, nguyn vt liu, tn kho trong qu trnh sn xut v sn phm hon thnh dch chuyn gia cc c s (xem hnh 1-1).

Hnh 1-1: Chui cung ng in hnh Vy chui cung ng l g? C rt nhiu nh ngha khc nhau v chui cung ng, nhng cha c mt nh ngha no c coi l chun. Chui cung ng l mt chui hot ng bt u t nguyn liu th cho ti khi sn phm lm ra hay dch v ti tay ngi tiu dng cui cng. Chui cung ng l mt mng li cc la chn v phn phi v cc phng tin thc hin thu mua nguyn liu bin i cc nguyn liu ny qua khu trung gian sn xut ra sn phm, phn phi sn phm ny ti tay ngi tiu dng( Theo Introduction to Supply chain management- Ganeshan& Harison) hay Chui cung ng l h thng cc cng c chuyn ha nguyn liu th t bn thnh phm ti thnh phm, chuyn ti ngi tiu dng qua h thng phn phi( Trong cun The evolution of supply chain management model and practice3

Qun tr chui cung ng.

Nhm 12

Lee& billington). T nhiu nh ngha trn c th hiu chui cung ng bao gm tt c cc doanh nghip tham gia, mt cch trc tip hay gin tip trong vic p ng nhu cu khch hng. Ngun to ra li nhun duy nht cho ton chui cung ng l khch hng cui cng, nn h l yu t tin quyt ca chui cung ng. Mc ch then cht cho s hin hu ca bt k chui cung ng no l tha mn nhu cu khch hng, trong tin trnh to ra li nhun cho chnh n. Cc hot ng chui cung ng bt u vi thc hin n t hng v kt thc khi khch hng nhn v thanh ton n hng. Nhng chui cung ng t hiu qu ti u th cn n hot ng qun tr chui cung ng. c rt nhiu nh ngha v qun tr chui cung ng. Theo Vin qun tr cung ng m t qun tr chui cung ng l vic thit k v qun l cc tin trnh xuyn sut, to gi tr cho cc t chc p ng nhu cu thc s ca khch hng cui cng. S pht trin v tch hp ngun lc con ngui v cng ngh l then cht cho vic tch hp chui cung ng thnh cng (The Institude for supply management, Glossary of key purchasing and supply terms 2000). Theo Hi ng chui cung ng th qun tr chui cung ng l vic qun l cung v cu, xc nh ngun nguyn vt liu v chi tit, sn xut v lp rp, kim tra kho hng v tn kho, tip nhn don hng v qun l n hng, phn phi qua cc knh v phn phi n khch hng cui cng (Courtesy of Supply chain Council, Inc.) Theo hi dng qun tr hu cn, mt t chc phi li nhun th qun tr chui cung ng l s phi hp chin luc v h thng cc chc nang kinh doanh truyn thng v cc sch luc xuyn sut cc chc nang ny trong mt cng ty c th v gia cc doanh nghip trong chui cung ng vi mc dch ci thin thnh tch di hn ca cc cng ty n l v ca c chui cung ng.(Courtesy of the Council of Logistics Management) Theo TS. Hau Lee v ng tc gi Corey Billington trong bi bo nghin cu th qun tr chui cung ng nhu l vic tch hp cc hot dng xy ra cc c s ca mng lui nhm to ra nguyn vt liu, dch chuyn chng vo sn phm trung gian v sau n sn phm hon thnh cui cng, v phn phi sn phm dn khch hng thng qua h thng phn phi. (H.L. Lee and C.Billington, The evolution of supply chain management models and practice at Hewlett-packard,Interfaces 25, No.
4

Qun tr chui cung ng.

5(1995))

Nhm 12

T cc nh ngha trn c th rt ra mt nh ngha v qun tr chui cung ng: Qun tr chui cung ng l tp hp nhng phng thc s dng mt cch thch hp v hiu qu nh cung cp, ngui sn xut, h thng kho bi v cc ca hng nhm phn phi hng ha c sn xut n ng a im, ng lc vi ng yu cu v cht lung, vi mc ch gim thiu chi ph ton h thng trong khi vn tha mn nhng yu cu v mc phc v. 2. Lch s pht trin ca qun tr chui cung ng Vo nhng nm u ca th k 20 th vic thit k v pht trin sn phm mi din ra chm chp v l thuc ch yu vo ngun lc ni b, cng ngh v cng sut. Chia s cng ngh v chuyn mn thng qua s cng tc chin lc gia ngi mua v ngi bn l mt thut ng him khi nghe trong giai on . Cc quy trnh sn xut c m bi tn kho nhm lm cho my mc vn hnh thng sut v quy tr cn i dng nguyn vt liu, iu ny dn n tn kho trong sn xut tng cao. Cho n thp nin 60 ca th k 20, cc cng ty ln trn th gii tch cc p dng cng ngh sn xut hng lot ct gim chi ph v ci tin nng sut, song h li t ch n vic to ra mi quan h vi nh cung cp, ci thin vic thit k quy trnh v tnh linh hot, hoc ci thin cht lng sn phm. Trong thp nin 70, h thng hoch nh nhu cu nguyn vt liu (MRP) v h thng hoch nh ngun lc sn xut (MRPII) c pht trin v tm quan trng ca qun tr hiu qu vt liu ngy cng c nhn mnh, cc nh sn xut nhn thc tc ng ca mc tn kho cao n chi ph sn xut v chi ph lu gi tn kho. Cng vi s pht trin ca cng ngh thng tin, c bit l my tnh lm gia tng tnh tinh vi ca cc phn mm kim sot tn kho lm gim ng k chi ph tn kho trong khi vn ci thin truyn thng ni b v nhu cu ca cc chi tit cn mua cng nh ngun cung. Thp nin 80 c xem nh l thi k bn l ca qun tr chui cung ng. Thut ng qun tr chui cung ng ln u tin s dng mt cch rng ri trn nhiu t bo, tp ch, c th l vo nm 1982, cnh tranh trn th trng ton cu ngy cng tr nn khc lit gy p lc n cc nh sn xut, buc h phi ct gim chi ph, nng cao cht lng sn phm, cng vi vic gia tng mc phc v khch hng.
5

Qun tr chui cung ng.

Nhm 12

Cc hng sn xut vn dng k thut sn xut ng thi hn (JIT), qun tr cht lng ton din (TQM) nhm ci tin cht lng, nng cao hiu qu sn xut, rt ngn thi gian giao hng. Trong mi trng sn xut JIT vi vic s dng t tn kho m cho lch trnh sn xut, cc doanh nghip bt u nhn thy li ch tim tng v tm quan trng ca mi quan h chin lc v hp tc ca nh cung cp- ngi muakhch hng. Khi nim v s cng tc hoc lin minh cng ni bt khi cc doanh nghip thc hin JIT v TQM. T thp nin 1990, cnh tranh khc lit, cng vi vic gia tng chi ph hu cn v tn kho, cng nh khuynh hng ton cu ha nn kinh t to ra thch thc phi ci thin cht lng, hiu qu sn xut, dch v khch hng, thit k v pht trin sn phm mi lin tc. gii quyt nhng thch thc ny, cc nh sn xut bt u mua sn phm t cc nh cung cp cht lng cao, c danh ting v c chng thc. Hn na cc doanh nghip sn xut ku gi cc nh cung cp tham gia vo vic thit k v pht trin sn phm mi cng nh ng gp kin vo vic ci thin dch v, cht lng v gim chi ph chung. Mt khc, cc cng ty nhn thy rng nu h cam kt mua hng t nhng nh cung cp tt nht cho hat ng kinh doanh ca mnh th i li h s hng li t vic gia tng doanh s thng qua s ci tin cht lng, phn phi v thit k sn phm cng nh ct gim chi ph nh vo vic quan tm nhiu n tin trnh, nguyn vt liu v cc linh kin c s dng trong hot ng sn xut. Nhiu lin minh gia nh cung cp v ngi mua chng t s thnh cng ca mnh. 3. Li ich ca qun tr chui cung ng Qun tr chui cung ng giup nng cao hiu sut cua cac dong san phm thng qua vic lin kt vi nha cung cp cung nh khach hang, t o giup nng cao dich vu khach hang va giam chi phi. Li ich th hai ca qun tr chui cung ng l qun l mt cch h thng tng chi ph t khu vn chuyn, phn phi n tn kho nguyn vt liu, tn kho trong sn xut v thnh phm. Ni cch khc l ti a ha gi tr to ra cho ton h thng vi giam c cac chi phi khng cn thit. Cui cng, do tp trung vo vic phi hp mt cch hiu qu hot ng ca nh cung cp, ngi sn xut, nh kho v cc ca hng, quan tri chui cung ng se nng
6

Qun tr chui cung ng.

Nhm 12

cao sc canh tranh cho cac cng ty, ap ng nhanh chong s thay i cua thi trng. 4. Cc m hnh qun tr chui cung ng Mt cng ty sn xut s nm trong m hnh n gin, khi h ch mua nguyn vt liu t mt nh cung cp, sau t lm ra sn phm ca mnh ri bn hng trc tip cho ngi s dng. y, cng ty ch phi x l vic mua nguyn vt liu ri sn xut ra sn phm bng mt hot ng v ti mt a im duy nht (single-site). Trong m hnh phc tp, doanh nghip s mua nguyn vt liu t cc nh cung cp (y cng chnh l thnh phm ca n v ny), t cc nh phn phi v t cc nh my ch em (c im tng ng vi nh sn xut). Ngoi vic t sn xut ra sn phm, doanh nghip cn n nhn nhiu ngun cung cp b tr cho qu trnh sn xut t cc nh thu ph v i tc sn xut theo hp ng. Trong m hnh phc tp ny, h thng SCM phi x l vic mua sn phm trc tip hoc mua qua trung gian, lm ra sn phm v a sn phm n cc nh my ch em tip tc sn xut ra sn phm hon thin. Cc cng ty sn xut phc tp s bn v vn chuyn sn phm trc tip n khch hng hoc thng qua nhiu knh bn hng khc, chng hn nh cc nh bn l, cc nh phn phi v cc nh sn xut thit b gc (OEMs). Hot ng ny bao qut nhiu a im (multiple-site) vi sn phm, hng ha ti cc trung tm phn phi c b sung t cc nh my sn xut. n t hng c th c chuyn t cc a im xc nh, i hi cng ty phi c tm nhn v danh mc sn phm/dch v ang c trong ton b h thng phn phi. Cc sn phm c th tip tc c phn b ra th trng t a im nh cung cp v nh thu ph. S pht trin trong h thng qun l dy chuyn cung ng to ra cc yu cu mi cho cc quy trnh p dng SCM. Chng hn, mt h thng SCM x l nhng sn phm c t ti cc a im ca khch hng v nguyn vt liu ca nh cung cp li nm ti cng ty sn xut. V vy, qun tr chui cung ng pht trin ng thi theo hai hng: (1) Qun tr cung ng v thu mua nhn mnh v pha khch hng cng nghip hoc khch hng t chc. (2) Vn ti v hu cn ra bn ngoi nhn mnh v pha nh bn s v nh bn l. Mc ph bin ca cc lin minh vi nh cung cp v khch hng (nh cung cp ca nh cung cp v khch hng ca khch hng) t cui thp nin 1990 n
7

Qun tr chui cung ng.

Nhm 12

ngy nay hm rng chng l thuc nhiu vo vn ti, tn kho v dch v hu cn. Xy dng mi quan h cng xy ra i vi nhiu nh cung cp dch v th ba hoc cc doanh nghip s dng chng m bo vic cung ng hng ha lin tc v khng b gin on. S cn thit phi nh gi hiu sut v thnh tch ca mi quan h ny theo tng giai on cng ng hnh vi s pht trin ca qun tr chui cung ng. Ngy nay, mt trong nhng thch thc lin quan n qun tr chui cung ng m nhiu doanh nghip ang phi i din l cch thc nh gi y , ton din hiu sut trong mt chui cung ng ton cu v r rng l cc k phc tp. i vi ngnh bn s v bn l, trng tm ca qun tr chui cung ng l nhng vn v v tr v hu cu hn l vn sn xut. Qun tr chui cung ng trong nhng ngnh ny thng lin quan n vic p ng nhanh chng hoc hu cn tch hp. Thnh tu ca h thng chuyn i d liu in t ni b (EDI), h thng m vch, Internet v cng ngh qut sng bng tng trong hai thp k qua h tr mnh m s pht trin ca khi nim chui cung ng tch hp. Cc doanh nghip trong ngnh bn l s dng qun tr chui cung ng nhm ng u vi tnh phc tp v khng chc chn cha tng c ca th trng nhm gim thiu tn kho trong sut chui cung ng. Vic pht trin nhanh chng cc phn mm qun tr chui cung ng khch hng/my ch m in hnh bao gm vic tch hp qun tr chui cung ng vi cc cu thnh ca thng mi in t h tr c lc cho s pht trin v ng dng qun tr chui cung ng. Chia s thng tin vi cc i tc chui cung ng thng qua EDI v Internet cho php doanh nghip tch hp chc nng tn kho, hu cn, mua nguyn vt liu, vn chuyn v cc chc nng khc nhm to ra phng thc qun tr tin phong v hiu qu hn. Trong tng lai, chng ta s hy vng rng qun tr chui cung ng nhn mnh n vic m rng chui cung cp, gia tng trch nhim ca chui v nhn mnh hn na vo chui cung ng xanh cng nh ct gim ng k chi ph ca chui. 5. Cc thnh phn c bn ca chui cung ng Qun tr chui cung ng c xem nh ng ng hoc dy dn din nhm qun tr mt cch hu hiu v hiu qu dng sn phm/nguyn liu, dch v, thng tin v ti chnh t nh cung cp ca nh cung cp xuyn qua cc t chc/ cng ty trung gian nhm dn vi khch hng ca khch hng hoc mt h thng mng lui
8

Qun tr chui cung ng.

hu cn gia nh cung cp u tin n khch hng cui cng. Cc nhn t tham gia vo chui cung ng bao gm:

Nhm 12

Nh cung cp nguyn vt liu c vai tr quan trng trong cung cp nguyn vt liu cho nh my sn xut, ngun nguyn liu c th nm khp mi ni trn th gii. Thng thng, nhng nh cung cp ny cung cp nguyn liu th, chi tit ca sn phm l ch yu.
Nh sn xut l ni s dng nguyn liu ch bin thnh nhng sn phm

hon thin hoc u vo cho qu trnh khc, p ng nhu cu khch hng. Nh bn bun c vai tr cung ng hng ha t nh sn xut n nh bn l hoc bn trc tip n ngi tiu dng cui cng vi s lng ln. Nh bn l l ni trc tip a sn phm n tay ngi tiu dng Khch hng l ngi to ra gi tr cho ton b chui cung ng, gi v tr quan trng v mi hot ng ca chui cung ng u nhm tho mn tt nht nhu cu ca khch hng

Hinh 1.3 Chui cung ng cua nha san xut Tng ng vi cu trc ca chui cung ng, qun tr chui cung ng bao gm 3 qu trnh ch yu:
Qun tr quan h khch hng (customer relationship management): Tt c

cc qu trnh tp trung vo giao din gia cng ty v khch hng Qun tr chui cung cp ni b( Internal supply chain management): Cc qu trnh ni b trong cng ty
9

Qun tr chui cung ng.

Nhm 12

Qun tr quan h nh cung ng( Supplier relationship management): qun l ton b hot ng ca cng ty trong mi quan h vi cc t chc cung cp ngun hng v dch v. 6. Vai tr ca qun tr chui cung ng 6.1. i vi nn kinh t Xt di gc nn kinh t, qun tr chui cung ng mang n mi trng kinh doanh lnh mnh, vi trit l hai bn cng c li, s dng hiu qu ti a cc ngun lc trong x hi c v con ngi, ngun lc t nhinC s kt hp cht ch gia cc ngun lc ny m cc lung giao dch trong nn kinh t s h tr v giao dch sun s hn. Nh , tng cng hiu qu hot ng ca nn kinh t ni chung. Khi nn kinh t hot ng hiu qu th n s l li th khi hi nhp vi nn kinh t ca quc gia khc trn th gii. Mt khc, qun tr chui cung ng ch trng ti vic hp l ha cc hot ng trong ni b doanh nghip vi trit l hp l ha v hp tc cng c li, trong mi hot ng ca doanh nghip c xem xt v iu chnh sao cho hp l v hiu qu nht, bn cnh s hp tc cht ch vi i tc kinh doanh. Thng qua cc hot ng trong ni b doanh nghip, ngoi nhng li ch m n mang li cho doanh nghip, qun tr chui cung ng cn c nhng ng gp nht nh vi nn kinh t nh: Gp phn hnh thnh mt vn ha hp tc ton din trong kinh doanh, ng thi gp phn nng cao dch v khch hng, a ngi tiu dng tr thnh trung tm ca hot ng sn xut kinh doanh ni chung. 6.2. i vi doanh nghip Qun tr chui cung ng c vai tr rt ln trong cng ty, v n gii quyt c u vo ln u ra ca doanh nghip mt cch hiu qu. Nh c th thay i cc ngun nguyn vt liu u vo hoc ti u ha qu trnh lun chuyn nguyn vt liu, hng ha, dch v m qun tr chui cung ng c th gip tit kim chi ph, tng kh nng cnh tranh cho doanh nghip. C khng t cng ty gt hi nhiu thnh cng ln nh bit son tho chin lc hu cn v gii php qun tr chui cung ng thch hp, ngc li, c nhiu cng ty gp kh khn, tht bi do a ra quyt nh sai lm nh la chn sai ngun cung cp nguyn vt liu, chn sai v tr kho bi, tnh ton d tr khng ph hp
10

Qun tr chui cung ng.

Nhm 12

Bn cnh , qun tr chui cung ng cn h tr cho hot ng marketing m i khi ngi ta cn coi chc nng ca hai hot ng ny la mt. Chnh qun tr chui cung ng ng vai tr then cht trong vic a sn phm n ng ni, ng khch hng, ng s lng, ng thi imvi tng chi ph thp nht. Trong mt cng ty lun tn ti ba yu t chnh ca dy chuyn cung ng: th nht l cc bc khi u v chun b cho qu trnh sn xut, hng ti cc thng tin tp trung vo khch hng v yu cu ca h, th hai l bn thn chc nng sn xut, tp trung vo nhng phng tin thit b, nhn lc, nguyn vt liu v chnh qu trnh sn xut, th ba l tp trung vo sn xut sn phm, phn phi v mt ln na hng ti nhng thng tin tp trung vo khch hng v yu cu ca h. Trong h thng qun tr chui cung ng, c s dng h thng thng tin gip thng tin v hng ha, th trng khch hng c lin tc cp nht, nh gip doanh nghip gim thi gian v chi ph trong truyn tin. ng thi n cng gip doanh nghip nhanh chng nm bt c tnh hnh tiu dng, d bo nhu cu tng lai, t c th gim lng hng ha, vt t tn kho, nng cao kh nng cung ng ca doanh nghip. Nh c chui cung ng, doanh nghip c th tng cng qun l thng qua vic s dng cng sut, tn kho d tr t cc nh cung ng khc. Ngoi ra qun tr chui cung ng cn l nn tng ca chng trnh ci tin v qun l cht lng.

CHNG 2: NHNG NT CHNH V TOYOTA VIT NAM

1.

Cng ty t TOYOTA Vit Nam Cng ty t Toyota Vit Nam (TMV) c thnh lp ngy 5 thng 9 nm 1995 l lin doanh gia:

1.1.

Gii thiu chung:

Cng ty Toyota Nht Bn (TMC): (70%)

11

Qun tr chui cung ng.

Nhm 12

Tng Cng ty My ng lc v My nng nghip Vit Nam Cng ty Kuo (Chu ): (10%)

(VEAM): (20%)

Chnh thc i vo hot ng: 10/1996 Tng vn u t: 89,6 triu USD Tng Gim c: ng Nobuhiko Murakami

1.2.

a ch: Tr s chnh: Phng Phc Thng, Th x Phc Yn, Tnh Vnh Phc

Chi nhnh H Ni: Tng 8,Ta nh Viglacera, S 1 i L Thng Long, M Tr, T Lim, H Ni Chi nhnh H Ch Minh:Tng 9, Ta nh CentrePoint, s 106 Nguyn Vn Tri, Qun Ph Nhun, Thnh ph H Ch Minh Trung tm Toyota min Nam: S 32A, ng Hu Ngh, Khu cng nghip Vit Nam Singapore, Huyn Thun An, Tnh Bnh Dng.

1.3.

Lnh vc hot ng chnh: Sn xut, lp rp v kinh doanh t Toyota cc loi. Sa cha, bo dng v kinh doanh ph tng chnh hiu Toyota ti Vit Nam. Xut khu linh kin ph tng t Toyota sn xut ti Vitnam Sn phm: Sn xut v lp rp ti VN: Hiace, Camry, Corolla Altis, Innova,Vios v Fortuner Kinh doanh xe nhp khu: Land Cruiser, Hilux, Yaris, Land Cruiser Prado Cng sut: 30.000 xe/nm/2 ca lm vic
2.

1.4.

1.5.

Lch s v cc giai on pht trin ca Toyota Vit Nam t nm 1995 9/1995: Cng ty t Toyota Vit Nam (TMV) c thnh lp ngy 5 thng

9 nm 1995 l lin doanh gia Cng ty Toyota Nht Bn (TMC), Tng Cng ty My ng lc v My nng nghip Vit Nam (VEAM) v Cng ty KUO (Chu ).

8/1996: Xy dng nh my tm thi cho hot ng sn xut th

12

Qun tr chui cung ng.

Nhm 12

10/1996:

Bt u hot ng Bt u sn xut v bn xe Hiace v xe Corolla 1/1997: Khai trng chi nhnh ti thnh ph H Ch Minh. 7/1997: Bt u sn xut ti nh my chnh M Linh v khai trng 9/1997: Khai trng Tng kho ph tng ti M Linh. 10/1997: Khai trng nh my chnh ti M Linh. 1/1998: Gii thiu xe Camry i mi.. 10/1998: Khai trng chi nhnh H Ni. 10/1998: Gii thiu xe Hiace i mi. 5/1999: Nhn chng ch ISO 14001. 9/1999: Gii thiu xe Zace i mi. 2/2000: Gii thiu xe Land Cruiser i mi. 9/2000: K nim 5 nm ngy thnh lp cng ty. 9/2000: M rng Trung tm o to vi xng sa cha thn v v sn. 12/2000: Gii thiu xe Camry V6 Grande. 8/2001: Tung mu xe Corolla Altis mi. 8/2002: Gii thiu xe Camry mi. 3/2003: Nh my sn xut chi tit thn xe i vo hot ng. 8/2003: Gii thiu xe Vios. 1/ 2004: Tng gp i mc bo hnh t 1 nm hoc 20.000 km ln 2 nm 4/ 2004:

trung tm o to ti M Linh.

hoc 50.000 km. - Gii thiu xe Corolla mi. - Gii thiu Dch v Bo dng Nhanh (EM). 7/2004: - Gii thiu xe Camry mi. - Khai trng Trung tm Xut khu Ph tng. 8/ 2004:
13

- Gii thiu Vios Limo, Zace Limited.

Qun tr chui cung ng.

- t k lc bn hng 40.000 xe 1/ 2005: - Nhn gii thng Rng Vng 2004. - Gii thiu Ph kin Chnh hiu Toyota.

Nhm 12

5/ 2005: Gii thiu Zace Surf. 7/2005: t k lc bn hng 50.000 xe. 8/2005:

- Gii thiu Hiace hon ton mi. - Gii thiu Land Cruiser mi. 1/2006: - Gii thiu xe Innova. - Nhn gii thng Rng Vng 2005 v Gii c bit cho cng ty 5 ln ot gii Rng Vng lin tip.

8/2006: Ra mt mu xe Camry hon ton mi. 2007: Ra mt mu xe Vios hon ton mi 2008:
-

Ra mt mu xe Corolla Altis hon ton mi. Gii thiu Innova mi. Khai trng xng sn xut khung gm xe. Ra mt mu xe Fortuner mi. Ra mt mu xe Corolla Altis 2.0. Khai trng trung tm Toyota min Nam. Ra mt mu xe Camry mi Ra mt mu xe Innova GSR mi. Ra mt mu xe Vios mi. Ra mt mu xe Corolla Altis mi. Ra mt mu xe Innova GSR 2011. Ra mt mu xe Fortuner TRD sportive
14

2009: 2010: -

2011: -

Qun tr chui cung ng.

Nhm 12

2012: Ra mt Innova v Fortuner 2012 Sn xut & ni a ha ca Toyota. Sn xut, mt lch s sn xut hon ho: Ging nh tt c cc chi nhnh ca Toyota , Toyota Vit Nam m bo cc tiu chun cht lng cao nht cho tt c cc sn phm do mnh sn xut v bn ra. Vi lch s trn 30 nm, "H thng Sn xut Toyota " l mt h thng qun l do Toyota to ra c nhiu cng ty p dng cc nc khc nhau trn ton th gii nhm ti u ha nng sut v cht lng. Nhng c trng ca "H thng sn xut Toyota" gm:

3.

3.1.

JIT (Just In Time - ng lc / kp thi)

JIT l h thng nhm gim ti thiu tnh khng hiu qu vi vic cung cp chnh xc nhng chi tit cn thit cho mi cng on sn xut.

JIDOKA

JIDOKA l mt h thng sn xut t iu chnh nhm duy tr cht lng cao bng cch yu cu mi ngi cng nhn l mt gim st vin trong khi thc hin nhng nhim v lp rp ca h.

KAIZEN

KAIZEN l trit l "Ci tin khng ngng" nhm khuyn khch tt c mi thnh vin ca cng ty lun phn u v nng sut v cht lng cao nht. Cc cng ngh tin tin thng xuyn c a vo s dng ti Toyota Vit Nam, k c cng ngh sn nhng tnh in m cc, m bo cho lp sn hon thin c cht lng cao nht, v nhng u vit khc nh bng chuyn trn cao nhm to iu kin thun li cho vic lp rp v gim s mt mi cho cng nhn bng cch duy tr dy chuyn lp rp cao ti u cho mi mt thao tc. Chng ti lun tip tc nng cao nng sut ca mnh bng cch s dng mt H thng sn xut c ti u ha trong nhng iu kin sn xut ti Toyota. T thng 1 nm 2002, Toyota Vit Nam p dng "H thng xut kin". (Suggestion System) khuyn khch v y mnh hn na cc tnh sng to ca cc c nhn ni ring v hot ng ci tin ni chung ca b phn sn xut. Bt k ai c mt tng hay u c th s dng mu Phiu xut kin trnh by tng.
15

Qun tr chui cung ng.

Nhm 12

Cc tng xut s c xem xt. Nhng xut hay s c nghin cu p dng thc hin. Trn thc t, mt s xut c Toyota Vit Nam p dng trn dy chuyn sn xut mt cch c hiu qu. 3.2. Ni a ha: i u trong vic thc hin ni a ha: Cng ty Toyota Vit Nam l cng ty i u trong vic thc hin qu trnh ni a ho ti Vit Nam vi t l ni a ho ln ti 45% i vi xe Innova (theo phng php tnh ca ASEAN). Toyota tch cc pht trin mng li cc nh cung cp ph tng trong nc ca mnh. Tnh n nay, Toyota Vit Nam c 9 nh cung cp ph tng trong nc v hin ang c k hoch m rng hn na. Bn cnh vic gii thiu d n 100% vn nc ngoi Denso Vit Nam sn xut linh kin ph tng t xut khu ti khu cng nghip Thng Long - H Ni, thng 3 nm 2003, Toyota Vit Nam khai trng nh my sn xut chi tit thn xe t u tin ti Vit Nam. iu ny th hin n lc ca Toyota trong vic thc hin qu trnh ni a ho ti Vit Nam.
4.

Tnh hnh hot ng sn xut kinh doanh ca Toyota Motor Vietnam (TMV) 5 nm gn y. Nm 2008: Mc d ang phi i mt vi rt nhiu kh khn gy ra bi tnh trng khng hong ti chnh ton cu, nhng vi n lc ca tt c cc thnh vin, doanh s bn hng ca TMV c nm 2008 t mc 24.502 xe, nng doanh s bn cng dn t trn 115.000 xe, tng 22% so vi nm 2007 v chim 23 % th phn, tip tc gi vng v tr dn u trn th trng t nm 2008. Khng dng li thnh cng , cui thng 9 nm 2008, TMV tip tc a ra th trng chic Innova mi 2008 vi nhiu ci tin, c bit l vic lm hi lng khch hng vi cp s t ng, khng nh Innova l chic xe cho mi ngi v mi gia nh. Bn cnh , lm hi lng khch hng hn na, chic Corolla Altis hon ton mi cng c TMV cho ra mt vo thng 7 nm 2008. V ngay lp tc, mu xe ny tr thnh mt trong nhng mu xe c ch nht ca nm 2008 vi doanh s bn trung bnh hng thng t trn 300 chic k t khi gii thiu.

4.1.

4.1.1.

Thnh cng trong lnh vc dch v sau bn hng

16

Qun tr chui cung ng.

Nhm 12

Khng ngng ci thin dch v sau bn hng hon ho, trong nm 2008 va qua, cc trm dch v ca Toyota n gn 437,560 lt xe vo lm dch v, tng 24% so vi cng k nm 2007. c bit, vi mc ch mang n nhiu li ch hn v lm hi lng hn na nhu cu ca khch hng, t thng 10.2008, TMV ln u tin gii thiu Dch v Sa cha vt xc trong 4 gi, khng nh dch v sau bn hng hon ho ca Toyota 4.1.2. Thnh cng trong lnh vc xut nhp khu v ni a ha Nm 2008 gi tr xut khu ca TMV t trn 24.8 triu USD, nng tng gi tr xut khu ca trung tm xut khu Toyota t trn 92 triu USD sau hn 4 nm Trung tm xut khu ph tng t ca TMV c chnh thc i vo hot ng. Hin nay, sn phm xut khu ca TMV bao gm: van tun hon kh x, ng ten, v bn p chn ga c xut khu sang 10 nc ang sn xut xe a dng ton cu ca Toyota TMV vinh d l nh sn xut t dn u trong lnh vc ni a ha vi t l ni a ha tng t 17% ln 37% (da theo phng php tnh gi tr ca ASEAN), c bit t l ni a ha ca Innova nng t 33% trong nm 2007 ln 37% trong nm 2008 4.2. Nm 2009: Cng nh nhiu n v sn xut kinh doanh khc, trong nm 2009, Toyota Vit Nam cng t c nhiu thnh tu ng ghi nhn nh lp k lc bn hng mi, dn u v dch v v y mnh hot ng chm sc khch hng, gi vng xut khu, khng ngng nng cao ni a ha v mi gi u t nc ngoi, tch cc ng gp cho x hi Vit Nam... 4.2.1. Lp k lc bn hng mi Khng ngng hon thin cc Gi tr Toyota, vi phng chm Khch hng l trn ht, Sn phm cht lng cao v Dch v sau bn hng hon ho, TMV lun gi vng v tr dn u trong th trng t Vit Nam. Nm 2009, mc d th trng c nhiu kh khn do nh hng ca cuc khng hong ti chnh trn th gii, nhng vi s ng h v nim tin ca khch hng, doanh s bn ca TMV t 30,110 xe, chim 25.2% th phn, tng trng 23% so vi nm 2008. Vi nhng n lc vt bc, TMV lun gi vng v tr dn u trong th trng t vi tng doanh s bn
17

Qun tr chui cung ng.

Nhm 12

hng cng dn vt qua con s 145,400 xe. Cc sn phm ca Toyota u chim th phn cao trong tng phn khc xe trn th trng. c bit, sn phm Innova sau 4 nm gii thiu ti Vit Nam vn lun l chic xe bn chy nht vi doanh s bn t 8,475 xe, nng doanh s cng dn ln con s k lc hn 45,700 chic. Tng trng cao nht phi ni n Corolla Altis vi doanh s bn c nm t 6,468 chic, tng trng 171% so vi nm ngoi. Tip theo l Vios, vi 5,141 xe c giao n ngi tiu dng Vit Nam, sn phm ny cng t mc tng trng 65%. Bn cnh , mc d mi ra mt vo thng 2/2009, sn phm Fortuner cng ngay lp tc tr thnh s la chn hng u ca nhng ngi yu xe th thao a dng vi doanh s bn t 5,878 chic. 4.2.2. Dn u v dch v v y mnh hot ng chm sc khch hng V dch v, trong nm 2009, cc trm dch v ca Toyota n hn 515,000 lt xe vo lm dch v, tng 18% so vi nm 2008. Hn th na, TMV cn m rng dch v Bo dng nhanh, dch v Sa cha nhanh thn v v sn ti khu vc pha Bc, v Dch v sa cha vt xc trong 4 gi nhm tit kim thi gian v mang ti cho khch hng cht lng dch v tt nht, m rng Kho ph tng pha Nam cng nh lin tc m thm 4 i l cc tnh thnh trn c nc bao gm Toyota Ph M Hng HCM, Toyota Cn Th, Toyota H ng v Toyota An Sng HCM, nng tng s cc i l/chi nhnh i l v Trm dch v y quyn ln con s 23.

4.2.3.

Gi vng xut khu Chun b cho hi nhp kinh t khu vc v th gii, TMV a Trung tm Xut khu ph tng t u tin ti Vit Nam i vo hot ng t ngy 1/7/2004. Khng ch tp trung vo sn xut phc v nhu cu trong nc, vi vic khai trng Trung tm xut khu, TMV m rng hot ng sang lnh vc xut khu ph tng ti cc nc trong mng li Toyota ton cu vi cc sn phm xut khu ch yu l: ng ten, van iu ha kh x, bn p chn ga. Mc d gp nhiu kh khn do khng hong ti chnh ton cu, kim ngch xut khu ph tng ca TMV trong nm 2009
18

Qun tr chui cung ng.

Nhm 12

vn t xp x 20 triu USD, nng tng kim ngch xut khu cng dn ln trn 110 triu USD. 4.2.4. Khng ngng nng cao ni a ha v mi gi u t nc ngoi K t ngy thnh lp, TMV lun khng ngng nng cao t l ni a ha. Thay v nhp khu ton b khung xe hon chnh nh trc y th nay TMV ch nhp khu nhng chi tit nh tho ri (gm gm dc, nhng thanh ngang v gi ) ca khung gm Innova, sau tin hnh sn xut thnh nhng khung xe hon chnh trn dy chuyn hn v sn tnh in hin i v t ng. Vi Xng sn xut mi ny, TMV nng t l ni a ho ca Innova t mc 33% ln 37% (theo phng php tnh gi tr ca ASEAN) v to thm nhiu vic lm cho ngi lao ng. y mnh ni a ha, sau nhiu n lc, cho n nay, TMV thit lp c h thng 11 nh cung cp tham gia vo hot ng sn xut ca mnh. 4.2.5. Tch cc ng gp cho x hi Vit Nam

Tr thnh cng dn tt lun l mc tiu hng u ca TMV ngay t nhng ngy u thnh lp. TMV khng ngng tch cc tham gia hot ng ng gp x hi thuc nhiu lnh vc nh: gio dc v o to, an ton giao thng, vn ha, v bo v mi trng vi nhiu chng trnh c thc hin thng nin nh: Hc bng Toyota (dnh cho sinh vin chuyn nghnh k thut mi trng v c bit t nm 2009, chng trnh ny c m rng cho sinh vin chuyn nghnh m nhc), Chng trnh Toyota cng em hc an ton giao thng (TSEP), Chng trnh h tr o to k thut Toyota, Robocon, Ha nhc Toyota Xuyn Vit, Toyota Classics. Tnh n nay, TMV np cho Ngn sch Nh nc trn 1,2 t la M, ng thi ng gp cho cc hot ng x hi vi tng s tin tr gi trn 13 triu -la M. 4.3. Nm 2010: Tng kt nm 2010, d c nhiu kh khn do tc ng ca khng hong kinh t, Toyota Vit Nam (TMV) vn tip tc l n v dn u v mc tiu th xe k lc vi 31.135 xe (nng doanh s tch lu t gn 177.000 xe k t khi thnh lp), tng 3,4% so vi nm 2009, chim 27,7% th phn trong tng th trng v tip tc gi v tr dn u trong th trng t Vit Nam.
19

Qun tr chui cung ng.

Nhm 12

Trong tt c cc mu xe bn chy nht trn th trng t Vit Nam, Innova gi v tr dn u vi 7.419 xe, ng gp vo doanh s bn tch lu ca TMV ln trn 53.600 xe. Tip theo l Fortuner vi 6.551 xe bn ra, gi v tr dn u trong phn khc xe a dng th thao (chim 53,2% th phn); Corrolla Altis vi 6.012 xe (51,4% th phn trong phn khc xe hng nh cao cp), Vios vi 5.807 xe (chim 48,7% th phn trong cng phn khc) v Camry vi 2.667 xe (chim 72,8% th phn trong phn khc xe hng trung cao cp V dch v, TMV n hn 618.000 lt xe, tng 19% so vi nm 2009. Bn cnh , doanh s bn ph tng chnh hiu Toyota cng t gn 550 t ng, tng 30,6% so vi nm 2009. Nm 2010, TMV m rng mng li i l mi ti Qung Ninh, Vng Tu v Toyota Gii Phng Chi nhnh Php Vn, nng tng s i l v chi nhnh i l ln 26. TMV cn thnh cng trong vic xut khu ph tng t Toyota t 30 triu USD. Ba loi ph tng t xut khu gm: ng ten, van iu ho kh x v bn p chn ga; xut sang 13 vng trong tng s 10 nc trn th gii: Thi Lan, Indonesia, Philippines, Maylaysia, n , Ngoi ra, TMV cn pht trin thm Trung tm Xe qua S dng ti i l Toyota ng Si Gn (TESC). TMV cng c T chc J.D. Power Chu Thi Bnh Dng kho st v nh gi l n v dn u v ch s hi lng khch hng trong lnh vc dch v sau bn hng (CSI). 4.4. Nm 2011: Nm 2011, gi tr xut khu ca TMV t xp x 30 triu USD, nng tng gi tr xut khu tch ly ln trn 170 triu USD sau hn 6 nm hot ng ca Trung tm Xut khu ph tng t Toyota. Trong nm 2011 va qua, s suy thoi ca nn kinh t th gii, cng vi thin tai ng t sng thn ti Nht Bn, v trn l lt lch s ti Thi Lan tc ng khng nh ti th trng t Vit Nam ni chung v Cng ty t Toyota Vit Nam ni ring. Tuy nhin, TMV vn lun gi v tr dn u trong cc doanh nghip t c vn u t nc ngoi FDI vi th phn t 45,3% v chim 27% th phn trong ton th trng. Doanh s bn hng trong nm 2011 ca TMV t 29.729 xe, nng doanh
20

Qun tr chui cung ng.

Nhm 12

s bn hng tch ly ca cng ty k t ngy thnh lp n nay ln ti con s xp x 207.000 xe. Theo , TMV cung cp ra th trng cc mu xe mi vi nhiu ci tin nh: Fortuner TRD Sportivo, Innova GSR mi, Yaris, Land Cruiser v Land Cruiser Prado trong nm 2011. Cc sn phm ca TMV nm trong danh sch cc mu xe bn chy nht trn th trng t Vit Nam l: Innova (tiu th 6.005 xe trong nm 2011 nng doanh s bn tch ly t xp x 60.000 xe sau 6 nm ra mt ti th trng t Vit Nam); Bn cnh l Corolla Altis vi 6.338 chic, Fortuner vi 5.762 xe, Vios vi 5.401 xe v Camry vi 2.821 xe
4.5.

Nm 2012: Trong nhng thng u nm 2012 Toyota Vit Nam thu hi gn 100 xe do li tra nhm du. Do c sai st trong vic cp pht du ti dy chuyn lp rp nn 20 xe Camry 2.4 v Vios G b bm du s t ng v cp CVT (trang b trn dng Altis) thay v c bm du s t ng AT nh quy nh. Cn 52 xe Corolla 2.0 v 1.8 li b bm du s t ng AT thay v du s t ng v cp CVT. Vic triu hi kim tra v thay th hp s t ng c Cc ng kim Vit Nam ph chun. Cc xe thuc din lin quan nu khng mang ti kim tra v thay hp s c th gp trc trc khi chuyn s khin xe c ting n bt thng v c th xy ra hin tng trt dy ai bn trong hp s. Chiu 7/4, trao i vi phng vin, mt lnh o ca cc ng kim Vit Nam (b Giao thng vn ti) xc nhn: vn bn ca TMV gi cc thng bo h ang ln k hoch thc hin mt chin dch kim tra v x l cc xe trong din c 3 li m TMV tha nhn trn cc phng tin i chng (li p sut du phanh ca xi-lanh bnh sau vt mc tiu chun; li bu lng bt mc neo chn gh b gim lc sit; xit bu lng camber khi xe khng trng thi tiu chun - PV). Bn cnh vic triu hi xe b li Toyota Vit Nam vn tin hnh cho ra mt sn phm mi. Toyota ra mt Innova v Fortuner 2012 TPO Vi tn gi Song Long Ton Thin, cp i sn phm Innova v Fortuner phin bn 2012 va c Toyota Vit Nam cho ra mt. Ly tng c chp ha rng, trong Innova v Fortuner phin bn 2012 l 2 con rng xut hin
21

Qun tr chui cung ng.

Nhm 12

trong nm Nhm Thn ny. Hai chic xe u c nhng ci tin ng k, tuy nhin cha phi l nhng sn phm hon ton mi.

22

Qun tr chui cung ng.

Nhm 12

CHNG III. NHNG NT CHNH V CHUI CUNG NG CA TOYOTA VIT NAM (TMV)
1. c im ca chui cung ng Toyota. 1.1. Qun tr nh cung ng: Toyota to ra mt mng li cung ng tin tin mang li cho n nhng li th trong chi ph sn xut trn mi n v sn phm so vi cc i th, mt na chi ph l c c t vic gim chi ph nguyn vt liu, nhn cng, bo hnh. thc hin mc tiu ny, Toyota tm hiu k v chi ph ca qu trnh sn xut v cng ngh ca cc nh cung ng cng nh h thng sn xut linh ng ton cu. Toyota tri qua nhiu nm u t m rng mng li nh cung ng v i tc trn tinh thn th thch v gip h t ci thin. Suppliers standard: Toyota da vo nhng nh cung ng bn ngoi cho hu ht cc nguyn vt liu v ph tng cho mi chic xe m n to ra. Trong qu trnh hnh thnh sn phm, t nghin cu n sn xut, Toyota lun c s hp tc vi cc nh cung ng. Nhng nh cung ng m Toyota tm kim l nhng cng ty c ch v kh nng tr thnh i tc nng ng. Toyota ch trng tm kim nhng nh cung ng c kh nng cnh tranh tm c th gii, da trn cc tiu ch v cht lng, gi c, phn phi v kh nng cng ngh. Toyota c 9 nh cung ng thn thit. Gip cc nh cung ng cnh tranh: Toyota cam kt gip cc nh cung ng tng kh nng cnh tranh trong th trng xe hi. S cam kt ny cng c chnh sch ca Toyota trong vic trao di mt mi quan h vng chc, lu di. To li nhun cho nhau da trn s tin tng ln nhau. Qu trnh din ra thng qua hai chng trnh:
Chnh sch thu mua hng nm: Toyota nh gi cao mi quan h hp tc gia

hai bn v th hin nhng mong mun ca mnh vi cc nh cung ng. Nhng mong mun lin quan trc tip n mc tiu lu di ca Toyota.
H thng cung ng: i khi, nhng nh cung ng phi i mt vi nhng

thch thc, kh khn trong vic n lc nhm p ng nhng mong i ca i tc. Toyota gi cc chuyn gia n h tr cc nh cung ng trong vic hoch nh v thc thi nhng ci tin cn thit.
23

Qun tr chui cung ng.

Tiu ch ca Toyota i vi cc nh cung ng: Gi mi quan h lu di v n nh vi mt s nh cung ng

Nhm 12

m phn trn c s cam kt lu di v vic ci tin cht lng v nng sut lao ng Ch trng n kh nng cung ng ca cc suppliers: kh nng ci tin lin tc, cng ngh quy trnh/ sn phm, m hnh v kh nng cung ng. Ch trng vic la chn nh cung ng trn c s mc trch nhim ca h. V d: n mt khong t 3-5 nm nh gi 1 nh cung ng mi trc khi k kt hp ng vi h. Toyota hiu r cu trc chi ph ca cc nh cung ng nn n ch chp nhn mc gi c lin quan n chi ph cung ng m nh cung ng vn c li nhun. Toyota lun mun c nhiu i tc nn n sn sng h tr cho suppliers no p ng c yu cu v cht lng v phn phi. N cng rt quan tm n vic gii quyt cc vn pht sinh vi cc nh cung ng m bo khng lp li sai lm ln 2.

1.2. Quy trnh sn xut: Gc r lm nn s ln mnh ca Toyota hm nay m ngay cc i th ca n cng khng hiu chnh l h bit cch bin cng vic thnh mt chui cc thc nghim an xen nhau. JUST IN TIME l phng php qun l cng on sn xut thc thi bng cc bng truyn t thng tin, cc phiu lin lc gia cc cng on. Trong dy chuyn sn xut khng c chi tit thiu hay tha, ton xng sn xut khng c sn phm tn kho, cng nh khng c nguyn vt liu tn kho. Phng php ny to ra mt quy trnh sn xut khp kn cao , nhanh, khoa hc. Cc cng ty v tinh phi lm vic ng vi quy trnh v gi gic m h thng OA (office automation) ca hng m iu khin thng qua cc phiu t hng c ch th gi gic , s lng chnh xc. Ngi mua ch cn mua s hng mnh cn v ngi bn phi c hng ngay lc tho mn nhu cu ca ngi mua. "Ngi mua" trong qun l x nghip chnh l v tr cng on trong dy chuyn sn xut lp rp v "ngi bn" chnh l cc h thng cng ty v tinh sn xut hng trc thuc Toyota. Rng hn trong ton b quy trnh
24

Qun tr chui cung ng.

Nhm 12

qun l t sn xut n phn phi xe ca Toyota l s khng c hin tng xe tn kho, nguyn vt liu tn kho, xe sn xut ng v vi n t hng, ng chnh xc gi gic giao hng cho khch . S dng h thng ko trnh vic sn xut tha: H thng ko xoay quanh tng cung cp thm hng ha da trn nhu cu hng ngy ca khch hng hn l c nh theo mt lch trnh hoc h thng. N c gi l h thng linh hat theo nhu cu ca khch hng. 1.3. Thng tin: Toyota s dng h thng thng tin kt ni trc tip, kt ni trc tip cc nh cung ng vi nhu cu ca khch hng bng h thng thng tin. Sau , hng ha s c a t cc nh cung ng, i qua Toyota v n vi khch hng. Toyota cng s dng h thng thng tin kt ni vi cc nh phn phi. Nhng nh phn phi c kt ni trc tip vi Trung tm phn phi. Chnh v vy h c th quan st nh kho v bit c nhng g cn tn kho vo ngay lc h mun. Thng qua modem, cc nh phn phi ny c kt ni vi h thng my tnh ca cng ty v thm ch c th t hng trc tuyn. Nh vo h thng giao tip RF khng dy, mi ngi lun lun c c thng tin chnh xc. Ti Toyota, nhng computers 120 LXE RF c a vo s dng ng thi h cng lp t terminals trn nhng xe ti ch hng. Tt c hng ha n t Nht u c scan ngay lp tc. Sau , nhng thng hng c scan s c chn ra chuyn n nhng b phn c lin quan bng xe ti ch hng. Khi cc ph tng, ph kin c ly ra gi n nhng nh phn phi, chng s c scan qua mt ln na, do thng tin tn kho lun c cp nht v c sn vo mi lc. Sau khi hng c cht y ln xe ti, ti x xe s c giao vn n v ha n hng ha. i vi mi chuyn hng,vn n ch c cp khi tt c nhng hng ha trn xe c scan qua. Mi th u c lm thng qua mng v chnh xc n tng thi im: ngay khi xe ti ch hng chun b xut pht th mi giy t, th tc xut xng c sn sng. Ti Trung tm phn phi, mt h thng m vch tinh vi c a vo s dng. Hu nh trn mi b phn trong kho u c m vch: trn mi ph tng, mi hp v mi l hng. M vch khng th hin nhiu thng tin hay biu tng. Nu cn thm
25

Qun tr chui cung ng.

Nhm 12

nhiu thng tin lin quan n sn phm c th,bn lun c th ly t AS400- mt phn mm c pht trin ni b. Tt c cc hot ng trong kho hon ton khng s dng n giy t m c thc hin thng qua mng my tnh. Nh mi ngi c th tra cu thng tin mnh cn vo bt c lc no. Thng tin ch c in ra giy khi c nhng yu cu c bit t pha nh phn phi hay cc i tc. Toyota c mt bc tin ng n khi u t vo h thng trao i d liu RF khng dy. Trung tm phn phi nay hot ng hiu qu hn. Trc y, mi ngi phi ra v nh kho vi giy t, nhng bn danh sch cn in n v dn nhn sn phmnay vic khng cn na. Vi h thng RF, vic chnh sa li v khuyt tt c thc hin trong khong thi gian ngn hn, kt qu l hiu qu c ci thin. Toyota chn LXE l i tc RF ca mnh, nhn t quyt nh l do cng ngh Spread Spectrum m LXE ra. B phn IT ti Toyota i hi mt giao thc mng m v r rng, khi nhng ngi iu khin l khng cn thit v gii php ca LXE p ng c nhu cu ca Toyota khi n hot ng bng giao thc TCP/IP ton cu, mt giao thc mng chun. Nh , mi ngi c th kt ni vo h thng ny. Cng ngh Spread Spectrum c th gi ng truyn t hng nhanh hn v gia tng s lng n t hng c gi i so vi h thng Narrow Band trc y. 1.4. Qun l hng tn kho: S thnh cng trong vic iu hnh ca Toyota l nh tp trung vo vic ct gim tn kho. Thut ng m Toyota s dng cho h thng l heijunka. Trong ting Nht n c ngha l lm cho trn tru v bng phng. C th l n lin quan n vic loi b trong nhu cu ng thi to ra hiu qu trong vic iu hnh cng nh gim thiu chi ph trong ton b chui cung ng. Hot ng tinh gin ca Toyota l da trn tng buy one, sell one. Toyota c th sn xut xe p ng ng nhu cu ca khch hng. S thch ng vi nhu cu ca khch hng mang n cho Toyota li th trong vic gi mc tn kho ti thiu trong lnh vc xe t Nht. Vic qun tr hng tn kho ca Toyota tn dng trit cng ngh my tnh. Vic lu kho c iu hnh bng mt h thng my tnh tinh vi. Mt h thng qun l nh kho hp nht gim st ton b qu trnh giao nhn hng v lu gi nhng d liu c cp nht v tn kho, trong bao gm: h thng my tnh ni mng, my
26

Qun tr chui cung ng.

Nhm 12

qut m vch, h thng thu thp d liu bng tn s v tuyn RF, nhng my vi tnh xch tay cng vi nhng thit b nh kho truyn thng nh: my nng hng, bng chuyn, H thng qun tr nh kho cung cp nhng chc nng ch yu di y: Nhn hng: mi pallet hoc case khi n s nhn c mt nhn m vch gip xc nh tng n v hng ha trong kho v s lng hng trong kho. Thng tin ny c qut bi mt my scan lu ng c iu khin bi cng nhn hoc nhng my c c nh xp dc theo bng chuyn. D liu sau khi c qut s c chuyn n my ch thng qua ng link khng dy. Lu kho: khi hng ha sp c lu kho th h thng qun tr nh kho (WMS : warehouse management systems) s nh du v tr lu kho cho hng ha v khi mi n v hng ha c giao n kho lu tr ca n th h thng s thng bo v tr lu kho c nh sn cho hng ha . Bc d hng: WMS nhn n t hng v s sp xp lch trnh cho nhng hot ng bc d hng. Cc cng nhn trn nhng xe ti chuyn ch s c trang b vi my in ton cng ngh RFDC m c kt ni trc tip vi v tr ca hng trong kho. Nhng hng c d i s c scan qua h thng WMS c th kim tra chnh xc s lng hng v cp nht d liu tn kho. Giao hng: h thng WMS xc nh a im giao hng. Ngay khi n t hng n ti cng giao hng th h thng WMS to ra nhng nhn xc nhn vic bc d v giao hng, hot ng ny c thc hin da trn s kt ni vi cc thit b cn o hng v h thng k khai hng ha. 1.5. Qun tr h thng phn phi: t c s pht trin bn vng lu di, Toyota Vit Nam thit lp mi quan h mt thit vi cc i l. Hin nay, ti Vit Nam Toyota c mng li bn hng v dch v ln ti 15 i l. Vi vic thit lp mng li i l trn ton quc, Toyota Vit Nam m bo rng khch hng ca mnh lun nhn c dch v cht lng cao p ng tiu chun Toyota.

27

Qun tr chui cung ng.

Nhm 12

Mng li i l ca Toyota c th mang li dch v hon ho cho khch hng vi i ng k thut vin tay ngh cao, trang thit b xng dch v hin i v h thng cung cp ph tng chnh hiu. ng thi, m bo cht lng dch v lun p ng c yu cu ca khch hng, Toyota thnh lp trung tm o to ti tr s chnh (Th trn Phc Yn) vi chc nng o to v b sung kin thc cho cc k thut vin. Chnh sch bo hnh ca Toyota m bo mang li nim tin cho khch hng khi mua xe. 1.6. Dch v khch hng Chui cung ng dch v c Toyota xem nh l cha kha thnh cng lu di. Chui ny p ng vic cung cp ph tng, ph kin trong vic bo tr v sa cha xe, ng thi, n cng cung cp thm nhng gi tr gia tng khc m khch hng c th nhn c. Vic qun tr chui cung ng dch v da trn vic thit lp mi lin h vng chc vi khch hng trc tip hoc thng qua knh phn phi. Toyota sng to cung ng nhng ph kin n cc nh phn phi mt cch hiu qu v lm th no gip cc nh phn phi ci tin dch v phc v khch hng Toyota s dng cng ngh tin tin, nh thng mi in t v vin truyn xy dng mi quan h trc tip v vng chc vi khch hng. Dch v khch hng ca Toyota c thc hin thng qua mng thng tin. Toyota thit lp h thng thng tin Dealer Communication System, bao gm: Dealership Management System ( DMS ) Orders/Claims Draft areas Data Entry and Validation Online System Access Report Distribution Dealer News Network H thng ny cho php c s kt ni d liu in t hai chiu gia Toyota vi cc khch hng thng qua mng. Nhng nh phn phi v khch hng ca Toyota cng c hng li t dch v bo hnh 24/7.

28

Qun tr chui cung ng.

Nhm 12

Cng thng qua h thng ny, khch hng c th tinh chnh sn phm theo thch ca mnh v gi ti cho trung tm dch v khch hng ca Toyota. Trung tm s tip nhn v sn xut nhng chic xe ph hp vi s thch ca khch hng. 2. H thng sn xut ca Toyota Motor (Toyota Production System -TPS) 2.1 c im ca TPS: c nhiu nh kinh t v i th ca hng t ny tm hiu gii m gen thnh cng ca Toyota v h nhn thy rng nhng c im sau y trong h thng sn xut Toyota (Toyota Production System) ng vai tr quan trng i n thnh cng ca hng t Nht Bn ny:

Sn xut sn phm theo ng s lng cn thit vo thi im cn thit

c m t bng cm t ng thi im hay cn gi l chin lc JUST IN TIME (JIT). Trong sn xut hay dch v, mi cng on ca quy trnh sn xut ra mt s lng ng bng s lng m cng on sn xut tip theo cn ti. Cc quy trnh khng to ra gi tr gia tng phi b. iu ny cng ng vi giai on cui cng ca quy trnh sn xut, tc l h thng ch sn xut ra ci m khch hng mun. Ni cch khc, JIT l h thng sn xut trong cc dng nguyn vt liu, hng ho v sn phm vn chuyn trong qu trnh sn xut v phn phi c lp k hoch chi tit tng bc sao cho quy trnh tip theo c th thc hin ngay khi quy trnh hin thi chm dt. Qua , khng c cng on no ri vo tnh trng khng, ch x l, khng c nhn cng hay thit b no phi i c u vo vn hnh.

Phng php sn xut tit kim (lean production), bi n s dng t hn

tt c cc ngun lc so vi phng thc sn xut hng lot hin thi nh ch s dng mt na s lng nhn lc, mt na khng gian sn xut, mt na vn u t vo cc cng c, mt na thi gian k thut pht trin mt sn phm mi v vic sn xut ch tn mt na thi gian so vi phng php sn xut hng lot.

Mc tiu chnh ca h thng sn xut Toyota l phc ha nn sn xut

khng nng n, tri chy v trit tiu lng ph. C 7 mc tiu trit tiu lng ph trong h thng sn xut Toyota l: Sn phm d tha S di chuyn (thao tc hay my mc)
29

Qun tr chui cung ng.

Thi gian ch (thao tc hay my mc) S chuyn ch T thn ca qu trnh Tn kho (nguyn vt t) S sa cha (lm li v loi b)

Nhm 12

Toyota c th gim rt nhiu thi gian gia lc bt u v lc hon thnh 1 qu trnh sn xut mi v ch ph khi dng TPS, trong khi cng lc ci tin cht lng

T kim sot li, ngha l xy dng mt c ch trong c phng tin

hn ch vic sn xut hng lot cc sn phm sai li trong my mc v dy chuyn sn phm. T kim sot li l s t ng kim tra nhng im khng bnh thng trong qu trnh sn xut.

S i mi lin tc - nguyn tc KAIZEN - nhm khuyn khch tt

c mi thnh vin ca cng ty lun phn u v nng sut v cht lng cao nht. Mt mt khc, KAIZEN c coi l h thng "nhim sc th" c trng ca c th Toyota. Mi gen u c th c nhn bn trong th gii hin i ngy nay, tng t nh h thng dy chuyn sn xut Toyota. Nh nguyn tc kaizen, cc nh lnh o Toyota hy vng i th cnh tranh s khng bao gi ui kp Toyota trong lnh vc ci tin v hon thin h thng sn xut.

Gc r thnh cng chnh l ch Toyota bit cch bin cng vic thnh

mt chui cc thc nghim an xen nhau. Ti Toyota, nht nht mi ngi phi bit r cng vic ca mnh trc khi thc s bt tay vo lm. Khi cng vic din ra, nhn vin va l cng nhn trong dy chuyn sn xut, va l nhn vin ca phng th nghim. H phi quan st xem c th ci thin quy trnh lm vic nh th no. 2.2. Quy trnh sn xut Toyota Toyota Production System: 2.2.1. S lin kt thng tin gia thng tin v n t hng v dy chuyn sn xut: H thng tip nhn thng tin v n t hng c lin kt cht ch v nhanh chng vi h thng dy chuyn sn xut. c c v truyn ti thng tin nhanh chng cc n t hng ti nh my sn xut phi thng qua 3 giai on ca quy trnh k hoch.
30

Qun tr chui cung ng.

Nhm 12

K hoch sn xut hng thng: S lng xe nh my sn xut s c K hoch sn xut chi tit: Chi tit c quyt nh 4 ln trong mt K hoch sn xut hng ngy: Mc sn xut hng ngy c hnh

quyt nh mt ln trong mt thng. thng da trn n t hng nhn c t nh mi gii. thnh da trn s thay i n t hng cui cng nhn c. C cu t chc k hoch sn xut ny s lin kt c n t hng gn nht n dy chuyn sn xut nh my. Da trn k hoch sn xut c xc nh hng ngy,s phi hp sn xut ny hon ton n khp vi s sn xut hng lot cc loi xe khc nhau ti nh my trong sut mt ngy. Chnh v vy m s lng thit b cung cp cc b phn cc nhau u c nh mc sn. Hay ni cch khc tng lng n t hng trong mt khong thi gian c gin u v sn xut u mt lng nh nhau mi ngy (a Hejunka-bnh chun ha hay gin u sn xut v k hoch p dng vo quy trnh). 2.2.2. Sn xut ng lc: Sn xut xe hiu qu vi nhng c im, k thut khc nhau cng mt thi im v ng lc, trong khi vn m bo cht lng cao. Sn xut xe bt u khi hng dn sn xut cho tng chic xe c a n bc u tin trong qa trnh sn xut thn xe. Nhng s o lng sng to khc nhau c thc hin sn xut hiu qu v chnh xc tng chic xe vi nhng c im k thut khc nhau. Thit b: Kh nng kt hp trong nhng chic xe ngay lp tc vi nhng c im k thut khc nhau. Hot ng: C th lp rp xe chnh xc v d dng vi nhng chi tit cng vic v nhng phn lp rp khc nhau. 2.2.3. Vic thay th cc thit b trong b phn dng: Ch nhng b phn c s dng ht th mi c phc hi theo cch x l kp thi. b sung nhng phn s dng ht trit , mt s b phn thay th c a vo b sung mt cch nhanh nht theo cch s dng mt tm th gi l parts

31

Qun tr chui cung ng.

Nhm 12

retrieval kanban thay vo n hng. Phng php cc phn b sung s dng parts retrieval kaban 2.2.4.Qu trnh b sung vt t sn xut: Nhng b phn cn c phc hi s t ng lp y vo quy trnh sn xut mt cch hiu qu. Mt tm th gi l th thng bo hay th bo hiu sn xut s c s dng nh l mt bng ch dn sn xut. V ngay lp tc cc linh kin s c a vo quy trnh sn xut mt cch nhanh chng. Cc b phn vt t va b ly i s c lp y v sn xut da trn th bo hiu sn xut. 3. H thng Logistics ca Toyota Vit Nam Toyota Vit Nam c tr s chnh ti Vnh Phc. sn xut ra mt chic xe hi hon thin, nh iu hnh ca Toyota Vit Nam ti Vnh Phc ngoi vic nhp khu ng c my t nc ngoi cn phi phi hp sn xut linh kin vi cc nh cung ng trong nc. Hin nay Toyota Vit Nam xy dng c mng li, dy chuyn sn xut vi 9 nh cung ng chnh: 1) Cng ty TNHH TOYOTA BOSOKU H NI B gh, np khoang ph tng trong xe, tm p ca, gi bnh xe d phng, thanh ngn cch.
2)

SHWS / Cng ty H thng dy Sumi Hanel B dy in. EMTC / Cng ty C Phn Dng c C Kh Xut Khu B dng c, tay quay kch. YHV /Cng ty TNHH Yazaki Hai Phong Vit Nam B dy in B dy in TD-Tech / Cng ty Pht Trin K Thut Tn c i HVL / Cng ty TNHH Cng Nghip Harada Angten GSV / Cng ty TNHH c quy GS Viet Nam c quy TMV / Cng ty t Toyota Vit Nam
32

3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8)

Qun tr chui cung ng.

Nhm 12

ng x, tm sn xe phi/tri, tm trn xe phi/tri, tm khoang bnh xe trong/ngoi, phi/tri, sn xe, ng nhin liu v ng phanh, thanh bng iu khin 9) DMVN / Cng ty TNHH Denso VN Bn p Thng qua vic sn xut ni a ha chui cung ng ca TMV tit kim c rt nhiu chi ph vn chuyn, nhn cng, cc linh kin nhp khu khc ng thi tit kim c thi gian nh vo vic sn xut tp trung theo khu vc. Ngun nhn cng v nguyn vt liu c sn, gi r gim mc gi thnh ca mt chic xe n thp nht to nn gi thnh cnh tranh ti Vit Nam, vi cht lng vn khng i. Chnh iu ny to nn tnh hp dn ngi tiu dng v s thnh cng TMV.

33

Qun tr chui cung ng. CHNG V.

1. u im

Nhm 12

U NHC IM CA TPS TI VIT NAM V

NHNG GII PHP HON THIN

Qu tht chui cung ng ca Toyota l mt chui cung ng nhanh nhy c th nm bt v p ng (sense and response) nhng thay i v cu mt cch nhanh chng, d dng, trong tm d on v vi cht lng cao. Toyota rt thnh cng vi m hnh qun tr chui cung ng ca mnh nh phi hp gia h thng qun tr chui TPS v cc h thng chin lc JIT, KANBAN v HEJUNKA. TPS l h thng qun l hiu qu rt ngn thi gian sn xut. TPS cung cp phng php loi b tt c thi gian lng ph v nhn ra rng h thng sn xut cho php cht lng sn phm phc v khch hng chnh xc hn. TPS c ngun gc t TOYOTA nhng cng c cc cng ty khc ng dng v thnh cng. Thnh cng thc s ca Toyota khng phi l to ra v s dng cc thit b, quy trnh sn xut. Gc r thnh cng chnh l ch Toyota bit cch bin cng vic thnh mt chui cc thc nghim an xen nhau. Hin ti Toyota c v th trn th trng, khng nh c v th ca mnh l mt trong nhng hng moto hng u th gii. Vi nhng g h thng sn xut ca Toyota gii thiu, cc nh cung ng cho thy c hiu qu trong vic ci tin. Cho thy ngha ca vic k khai lng hng tn kho, khong cch thp nht, gim c lng thi gian chnh nhm t c bi cc nh cung ng ring bit ca Toyota v cc tp qun. Toyota nm gi cc iu kin thun li nht trong mi quan h hp tc vi cc nh cung ng. Mt kin c a ra nhm xy dng lng tin gia Toyota v nh cung ng. N bao gm s trao i thng tin, nhng hng dn c bn trong vic thay i k thut, sn sng cung cp dch v gip v cc c hi khc. 2. Nhc im Da trn nhng nhn nh v cc thng tin tm hiu c nhm 12 xc nh c 3 sai lm quan trng trong h thng qun tr TPS ca Toyota l: sai lm v qun l cht lng sng phm, sai lm v h thng phn cp trong qun l thng tin, sai lm v ng dng phng php thng k trong qun l cht lng v h thng t ng bo li Poka-yoke.
34

Qun tr chui cung ng.

Nhm 12

Sai lm v qun l cht lng sn phm : H thng phanh v h thng

chn ga ca Toyota c nhng vn trc trc t 11 nm trc v thit k khng ph hp vi cc h thng khc dn n vic khch hng khng th kim sot c tc nh mong mun. Vy m khi kim tra kt cu v cu to thit b th li c chp nhn ch to v sn xut hng lot. Nh vy, iu ny chng minh l khu th nghim sn phm cng nh giai on kim tra sn phm sau khi sn xut v khu on tip nhn thng tin phn hi t khch hng hot ng khng tt.
Sai lm v h thng phn cp trong qun l thng tin : H thng qun l

khai thc thng tin khch hng (Information System Methodology - ISM) v H thng qun l khai thc thng tin d n (Information System Project Methodology ISPM) ca Toyota tuy trong cng mt h thng chung nhng h khng c thit k n mc tng t cng cp v s dng thng tin ng b nh qu trnh s dng thng tin trong cc b phn khc ca doanh nghip. (Cp ca ISM thp hn ISPM). iu ny xy ra do h qun l tp trung , hay ni cc khc nhng ngi c vai tr quan trng li l 29 ngi thn cn ln nhau v qun l kiu tp trung (quyn lc nm trong tay nhng nh qun l ln v qun l phn cp theo s cy). Do , vic cnh bo v nguy c ca cc li km nhy bn. Thng tin t khu qun l khch hng khng c tr v ng cho khu qun l sn phm v thit k sn phm.
Sai lm trong qun l cht lng v trong h thng t ng bo li Poka-

yoke : L thuyt thng k ca Deming v ng dng xc sut chun (Normal Distribution) trong qun l cht lng i khi khng tha mn c cc nhu cu hin i. V nguyn nhn c bn l cc thit b sn xut ngy nay ngy cng hin i v cc qu trnh sn xut ngy cng rt ngn thi gian v gn nh din ra ng thi (Parallel) nn s c nhng sai s rt ln khi p dng l thuyt Deming vo trong tnh ton (V vo thi ca Deming cc l thuyt thng k ch yu p dng cho cc dy chuyn tun t continuous asynchronize system trong khi cc dy chuyn ngy nay l thuc dng parallel synchronize system). Ngoi ra, vic ng dng l thuyt Deming cn rt nhiu hn ch trong khu chn mu v x l d liu nn xy ra tnh trng qu ti d liu m in hnh nht l khi Toyota lp t h thng RUP ca IBM. Bn cnh , h thng Poka-yoke phi i vi mt chun no cho cc thit b lp
35

Qun tr chui cung ng.

Nhm 12

rp khp vi nhau. Nh vy, nu chun c sai st m khng c kim tra tt th ko n sai phm hng lot. Ngoi ra, Toyota Vit Nam cn gp mt vn ln v vic gia tng t l ni a ha, cc nh cung ng cn pht trin k thut lm sao t n trnh cnh tranh ton cu. Hin nay, cc nh cung ng khng s hu kh nng qun l pht trin nhng mi quan h v c kh nng u t pht trin chng. Mt cch hin nhin, cn c ch in t tha mn nhu cu ca Toyota Vit Nam. N s c ng h bi mc tiu chnh ca cng ty tr nn t do trong vic chuyn i tin t mt cch minh bch thng qua a phng ha. Sau , cng ty s c gng tm kim cc ngun ti nguyn t trong nc u tin trc khi nhp khu t bn ngoi. Th trng ni a th kh nh, cc nh sn xut xe v cc nh cung ng linh kin phi tm kim c hi xut khu, mc d vic bn hng th trng nc ngoi c thit lp, song vn cn c nhiu ro cn chu 3. Mt s gii php kin ngh nhm hon thin chui cung ng TPS. Cng c logistics: S hp nht chui cung ng M hnh ha v ti u ha s hng lu kho trn mi phn on ca chui cung ng, v cc b phn cung ng khng phi hon ton bnh ng vi nhau. Vic m hnh ha kh nng b chm tr cung ng s gip cng ty iu chnh s lu kho an ton tt hn. Mt sn phm in hnh (vi thi gian t lc bt u ti lc hon thnh mt qu trnh sn xut mi vo khong mt tun v kh nng thay i thi im giao hng khong mt ngy) s i hi phi d tr trong kho thm 15%, nu bin thin cung ng tng thm mt ngy v thm 175% nu bin thin tng thm mt tun. Phi lun tng cng tiu chun ha b phn cu thnh sn phm. Kh nng pha trn v rp ni cc mnh ghp t cc nh cung ng v nh my khc nhau v ang cho php cc nh sn xut ln nh Dell, IBM v Herman Miller tng linh hot cho chui cung ng ca h. Vic n gin ha sn phm s rt ngn thi gian sn xut trong iu kin n nh v gip tng tc phn ng khi cng ty phi i mt vi cc cuc khng hong v lng cung.
To ra mt h thng qun l d liu sn phm tp trung. Nu nh cung ng

l ngi duy nht bit c cc chi tit k thut thc s ca sn phm hoc cc b
36

Qun tr chui cung ng.

Nhm 12

phn cu thnh, th vic chuyn sn phm cho mt cng ty khc ch to trong trng hp khn cp s mt rt nhiu thi gian, thm ch l khng th c. Cc d liu sn phm tp trung v c th tham kho ngay lp tc s gip gim nguy c gy chui. Trn thc t, vic ny c ngha l xy dng mt c s d liu v sn phm v cc thit k cu thnh sao cho cc nh cung ng thay th c th nhanh chng tip cn. Nhng cng ty ch cung cp mt b phn cu thnh chnh trong nhiu nm v khng c thi quen kim sot cc chi tit bn v hay thit k nn lu iu no. Phi lm tng tnh minh bch trong chui cung ng ko di. Khi hng lu kho c th c theo di t v tr t hng ti mt trung tm phn phi, hay t khch hng, th n c th tr thnh kho an ton ca cng ty. Vic bit r v tr ca cc bn thnh phm v thnh phm khi chng xut pht t nhng ngun xa chc chn khng phi vic d dng, nhng mt phn mm qun l thng mi c th gip theo di dng chy hng ha trn ton cu v chuyn hng phn phi hng khi cn thit Cn ch gim st mt s du hiu c th cnh bo s rc ri. Gi y, nu ch theo di cc mc dch v, khong thi gian t lc bt u ti lc hon thnh qu trnh sn xut, s lu kho v cc chi ph logistics th vn cha . Vic theo di mt s ch s ri ro trong chui cung ng, chng hn nh tc tu trung bnh, cc tun c n t hng cha thc hin, bin thin ca vic giao bn thnh phm v cc bin ng ca t gi hi oi c th cho bn nhng cnh bo quan trng khi sp c rc ri v c th gy gin on chui cung ng.

KT LUN
Trn y l mt s vn l lun c bn c gii thiu mt cch khi qut hy vng c th gip Thy, C v cc bn c thm nhng thng tin v ci nhn tng
37

Qun tr chui cung ng.

Nhm 12

quan v l thuyt qun tr chui cung ng, ng thi nhn thy s thnh cng to ln trong h thng cung ng ca Toyota Vit Nam, c bit l Quy trnh sn xut Toyota Toyota Production System. Qu tht quy trnh sn xut ny gip cho chui cung ng ca Toyota tr thnh mt chui cung ng nhanh nhy c th nm bt v p ng (sense and response) nhng thay i v cu mt cch nhanh chng, d dng, trong tm d on v vi cht lng cao. Mu cht ca s thnh cng vi m hnh qun tr chui cung ng ca Toyota l nh phi hp cht ch gia h thng qun tr chui TPS v cc h thng chin lc JIT, KANBAN v HEJUNKA. Rt hy vng trong tng lai, nhiu doanh nghip Vit Nam s ngy cng quan tm hn n vic xy dng v qun tr chui cung ng ring cho mnh, ng thi m rng mng li cung ng ra ton khu vc v trn th gii.

TI LIU THAM KHO

1) Bi ging Qun tr chui cung ng H Thng Mi 2) Qun tr Logistic kinh doanh PGS. TS. An Th Thanh Nhn 3) Gio trnh qun tr chui cung ng H kinh t Nng 4) Cc thi bo v tp ch: Qun tr chui cung ng, supply chain, logistic 5) Cc wedsite:
38

Qun tr chui cung ng.

Vietnamsupplychain.com Saga.vn Scmvietnam.com Caohockinhte.vn tailieu.vn 6) Cc bo mng: Vneconomy.vn Vietbao.com Dantri.com.vn Vnexpress.vn

Nhm 12

- The End -

39