Gio trnh hng dn sa cha tivi c bn

TRUNG TM DY NGH VN NINH

GIO TRNH HNG DN THC HNH SA CHA TIVI

LU HNH NI B

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GIO TRNH HNG DN THC HNH SA CHA TIVI

LI GII THIU
Ngy nay, nn khoa hc v cng ngh ang pht trin rt mnh. Cng vi n, in t l mt ngnh khng ngng c nhng bc tin ln v ngy cng ng dng rng ri trong cuc sng con ngi...Trong thit b nghe nhn v nhng thit b quen thuc, ph bin vi chng ta cng pht trin khng ngng. sa c cc thit b ny l iu khng kh, ci kh l chng ta c vt qua c tr ngi ca chnh mnh hay khng. Tr ngi l ngi tm hiu, ngi khm ph v ngi mt thi gian. Vi cc bn yu thch lnh vc ny, ti tin chc rng bn s thnh cng khi bn c gng tm hiu, c sch v nht l c thc hnh trc tip trn m hnh. Thc t m hnh c lm ra vi mc ch gip cc bn c hc tp v thc hnh, o c sa cha trc tip trn m hnh. tip thu kin thc hiu qu, ti khuyn cc bn hy tm hiu k v in t c bn trc, c bit l phn linh kin, mch in t, kin thc c bn v amply, ti vi, u a . . . v cn c gng c thm ti liu cc loi thit b nghe nhn ny. Mt l do n gin ti khuyn cc bn l! khng nn hc cp 2 m b qua cp 1 c. Chc cc bn thnh cng !

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Phn I: M HNH TIVI

I. Nguyn tc hot ng ca cc khi trong tivi:

1. Khi ngun: Ngun s to ra in p mt chiu +5V, +95V (B+) cho mch in trong ti vi t in p xoay chiu t 90V - 220V. 2. Khi Tunner. a. c im - C 2 ngun cp l +12V v +30V - Tn hiu iu khin l AGC, BU, BH, BL. - Tn hiu vo Antenna - Tn hiu ra l lF (tn hiu trung tn). b. Nhim v ca khi Tunner. Chuyn i tn hiu ca i pht thnh tn hiu trung tn. c. Nguyn l hot ng. Tn hiu ca i pht c a vo qua antenna, nh mch iu khin chn bng tn cn
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thu, qua mch lc, tn hiu in p d sng t 0 - 30V, s thu c tn hiu ca i pht tng ng. Sau khi tn hiu i pht c la chn, s c t iu chnh khuch i da vo ng phn hi AGC (Automatic gam control). Tip tc tn hiu i pht s c chuyn ho thnh tn hiu trung tn, mc ch c s khuch i tng i n nh gia cc i pht v tn hiu thu c ca cc i pht c gn nh nhau - tn hiu trung tn IF. 3. Khi qut dng. a. Nhim v. - To cc in p cao cung cp cho n hnh hot ng bao gm: + in p HV khong 15KV cung cp cho cc Anot + in p Focus khong 5KV cung cp cho li hi t G3 + in p Screen khong 400V cung cp cho li G2 - To xung dng cung cp cho cun li tia qut dng qut tia in t theo chiu ngang. - Cung cp cc ngun in cho cc khi khc ca my hot ng bao gm : + Ngun (B3) 180VDC cung cp cho Khuch i cng sut sc + Ngun (B4) 24VDC cung cp cho tng cng sut mnh + Ngun (B5) 16VDC sau gim xung 12V cung cp cho ton b cc mch x l tn hiu hnh v ting . + Ngun 4,5V AC cung cp cho si t n hnh v bin p kch khuch i v cng sau c a ti chn B s dng. Khi c xung dng vi cng kh mnh a vo chn B => s dng s ng m mc bo ho tao ra dng in kh mnh v c tn s cao chy qua cun s cp cao p => to ra t trng mnh trong li fert v cm ng ln cc cun th cp => cho ta cc in p ra. Diode nht (m) u song song vi cc CE ca n cng sut nhm thot cc xung ngc do cun dy phng ra khi n chuyn sang trng thi ngt t ngt, t nht (m) u song song vi CE n cng sut bn ngoi c tc dng xn phn xung nhn c in p cao: C hai linh kin trn u c nhim v bo v s dng khng b nh thng do in p qu ln. 4. Khi qut mnh. a. Nhim v ca khi qut mnh: Nhim v chnh ca khi qut mnh l to ra xung mnh iu khin cun li mnh qut tia in t dn theo chiu dc. Nu khi qut mnh khng hot ng th hnh mn hnh chi xut hin vt sng ngang mn hnh.

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Cun li tia gn trn c n hnh c nhim v li tia in t qut theo chiu dc (li mnh) v qut theo chiu ngang (li dng) b. S tng qut khi qut dng:

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+ Nguyn l hot ng ca khi qut dng: - Khi ngun hot ng cho ra hai mc in p khong +95V v +12V, in p 95V cung cp cho mch cao p v tng kch dng, in p +12V i qua cng tc in t n nui mch dao ng dng v gim xung +5V cung cp cho vi x l. Nu Vi x l ang ch Pwer on (ang c lnh Power iu khin ng cng tc) = > khi mch H.OSC c cp ngun v to ra dao ng xung rng ca => xung dao ng c a ti n kch. c. S khi tng qut khi qut mnh:

- Khi qut mnh c 2 nhim v chnh l to dao ng mnh v khuch i cng sut. - Mch to dao ng dng mnh: Nm trn IC tng, mch khng t to dao ng m l ly xung dng chia ra thng qua b chia. Lnh chuyn h System tc ng vo b chia thay i t l chia sao cho h Pal ta thu c 50Hz, h NTSC ta thu c 60Hz. Xung ng b V.syn i vo mch dao ng n nh tn s qut mnh. Mch dao ng mnh c ngun nui 12V cung cp t cao p. - Mch khuch t cng sut mnh: S dng mt IC cng sut K xung mnh ln bin ln cung cp cho li tia, c 2 loi IC cng sut thng c s dng, l IC cng sut mnh s dng ngun n +24V v IC cng sut ngun s dng hai ngun +12V v +46V 5. B knh v trung tn: a. Nguyn l thu sng truyn hnh: - Sng truyn hnh thc cht l ng in t bc x trong khng gian vi vn tc nh sng t cc i pht n my thu hnh, sng truyn hnh ca mi i pht nm trn mt knh c mt di tn xc nh. V d: i truyn hnh H Ni pht c di tn t 175,25MHZ n 181,75MHZ, i truyn hnh Trung ng pht di tn 199,25 n 205,75MHZ; v pht chng trnh VTV2 pht di tn 215,25 n 221,75MHZ. Nh vy mi knh truyn hnh chim mt di tn rng khong 6,5MHZ. Tt c cc sng truyn ang pht u i n my thu. cm ng ln cc chn t antenna ri i xung my thu hnh.
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Nu mt knh sng no c chn th tn hiu s i vo b knh sau tip tc i qua mch khuch i trung tn v c tch sng ly ra tn hiu Video tng hp. b. Nhim v v nguyn l hot ng ca b knh:

s khi b knh *. Nhim v ca b knh: - Thu tn hiu t mt i pht bng nguyn l cng hng, nhiu i pht cng i n my thu nhng tn hiu t i pht no c tn s trng vi tn s mch cng hng s c thu vo. Sau khuch i tn hiu c chn bng cc mch khuch i cao tn, do di tn ca ton b sng truyn hnh tng i rng nn ngi ta chia lm 3 di sng: + Di VHL t knh 1 n knh 3. + Di VHF t knh 4 n knh 12. + Di UHF t knh 21 n knh 63. + Cc knh 13 n 20 khng dng trong lnh vc truyn hnh. - To dao ng ni cung cp cho mch i tn. - i tn tn hiu thng qua mch trn tn, tn hiu t i pht c trn vi tn s dao ng ni to thnh tn hiu trung tn, tn hiu trung tn c tn s c inh t 31,5MHZ n 38MHZ.

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Hnh nh thc ca hp knh ti vi mu.

- Mch cng hng c nhiu v chn ly mt knh sng. - Mch VHL khuch i cc tn hiu ca cc knh 1 n knh 3. - Mch VHF khuch i cc tn hiu t knh 4 n knh 1 2. - Mch UHF khuch i cc tn hiu t knh 21 n knh 63. Mch OSC to tn s dao ng ni. - Mch Mixer c nhim v i tn. VT (Voi Tuning) l in p d knh, in p VT thay i t 0 n 28V. - AGC ( Auto Gam Control ) l in p t ng iu chnh khuch i ca knh, in p ny khong 6V. - in p BU l 12V cp cho di UHF hot ng. - in p BU l 12V cp cho di UHF hot ng. - in p BL l 12V cp cho di VHL hot ng. Trong mt thi im ch c mt trong ba in p BU, BH hoc BL c cp in . - B+ = 12V l in p cp ngun chung cho b knh. - AFT ( Auto Fine Tunning ) T ng tinh chinh tn s d sng, in p ny c th khng s dng. - lF l chn tn hiu trung tn ra. *. Mch iu khin b knh:

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Mch iu khin b knh. - Mch iu khin b knh bao gm: + IC chuyn mch iu khin cung cp in p cho cc chn BU, BH, BL, trong mt thi gian ch c mt trong 3 chn trn c cp in. - Mch iu khin p d knh VT bao gm : + in p chun 33V c cung cp t ngun 110V gim p qua in tr khong 10K v c ghim c inh trn mt diode zener 33V + Lnh VT t vi x l + n Ql c nhim v thay i in p VT t 0 n 28V a vo chn VT ca b knh. Khi ta d knh, tng ng vi vch d sng tng dn l in p VT cp cho knh thay i t 0 n 28V.

My ang d knh di VHF, /c ny chn BH c 12 V v in p VT tng dn t 0 n 28 V tng ng khi vt sng chy dn t u n cui. 6. Khi chuyn mch AV:

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Chuyn mach

Khuych i m

s khi chuyn mch AV - Tn hiu Video ca ng Tivi sau tch sng c a qua mch chn ting sau i n IC chuyn mch AV. Tn hiu thu t u VCD c khuch i m sau a n mt u vo th hai ca IC chuyeerm mch AV. - Lnh AV t vi x l i vo IC chuyn mch iu khin chn ly mt trong hai tn s trn - Tn hiu ra ca h chuyn mch l tn hiu tng hp ca 3 tn hiu : + Tin hiu sng mang mu C + Xung ng b dng H. Syn v xung ng b mnh V. Syn. - Tn hiu trn c khuch i m cho cao ln ri c chia lm 3 ng cung cp tn hiu cho cc mch: x l chi, gii m mu v tch xung ng b. 7. Khi s l tn hiu chi:

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IC tng

X l chi sut IC chuyn mch Gii m

Mch ma

Khuych i cng sut video

Syn sep
H.syn, V.syn

H.syn V.syn

Khi x l tn hiu chi.

- Nhim v ca khi x l tn hiu chi: + Khuch i tn hiu chi (tn hiu nh en trng). + iu chnh sng mn hnh + iu chnh tng phn + xo tia qut ngc dng mnh + T ng gii hn sng n hnh 8. Khi gii m mu: - Nhim v ca khi gii m mu : Gii m tn hiu sng mang mu Choma C ly ra ba tn hiu mu R-Y, G-Y, B-Y. Tn hiu C c iu ch theo ba h mu l: NTSC, PAL v SECAM v vy khi gii m Ti vi phi c kh nng gii m a h. Nu h hng khi gii m th vn c hnh nh en trng do tn hiu chi vn cn.
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9. Khi Vi x l.

s cc nhn lnh ca VXL - Nhim v chnh ca vi x l: To ra cc lnh iu khin, iu khin cc hot ng ca my nh: + iu khin tt m cao p + iu khin tng gim sng, tng phn, m lng, chuyn h mu, h ting. + iu khin d knh v nh knh + iu khin to hin th trn mn hnh - iu kin hot ng ca khi VXL: + in p Vcc +5V vi sai s < 10%
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+ Thch anh to dao ng + Xung Reset xut hin khi mi bt my + Cc phm khng b r, b chp. 10. Mch khuch i mu cui (cng sut sc): a. Nhim v ca mch khuch i mu cui: + Khuch i 3 tn hiu R, G, B ln ln dng cp cho katot n bnh => iu khin dng pht x ti to li hnh nh mu. + Khuch i 3 tn hiu mu R-Y, G-Y, B-Y ln ln v trn vi tn hiu chi Y.
Video

Delay

Khi x l tn hiu chi Y

BPF

Khi gii m tn hiu mu C

s tng qut mch khuch i mu cui

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180

Y R G B

KR KG

KB

Mch nguyn l + Ngun cung cp cho mch l mgun +180V ly t cao p. + Ba tn hiu mu R-Y, G-Y, B-Y c a vo 3 chn B ca n khuch i ng sut. + Tn hiu chi Y c chia lm 3 ng, a vo 3 chn E ca n khuch i cng
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sut, trong ng i vo n G th qua tr c nh, cn vo R, B th qua bin tr iu chnh cn bng chi. + Cc bin tr R.Bias, G.Bias, B.Bias c tc dng cn bng trng khi n hnh c pht x ca 3 tia b lch, lm cho mu b sai. Khi ta chnh cc chit p ny th dn ca n cng sut thay i => in p 1 chiu trn catot thay i => pht x thay i. + in p lm vic trn cc n cng sut l: UBE = 0,6V UCE = 100V~ 150V

b. Mch khuch i mu cui thc t:

Nhn pha trc.

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Nhn pha sau. 11. Khi ng ting:

s tng qut khi ng ting + Tn hiu FM c tch ra khi tn hiu Vi deo mu tng hp v i n mch x l ting a h. + Mch x l ting a h: Mch ny c kh nng tip nhn cc h ting 4,5M - 5,5M 6,0 - 6,5 M. khi thu t cc i pht c h khc nhau. + Mch tch sng iu tn: Tch tn hiu m tn ra khi sng mang iu tn FM + IC chuyn mch: Tip nhn thm tn hiu ting t thit b ngoi vo. + Mch iu chinh m lng: iu chnh m lng to nh.
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+ Mch khuch i cng sut: Khuch i tn hiu m tn ln bin ln ri a ra loa 12. Khi tng: - Ngun cp +9V - Tn hiu vo: IF t khi tunner, cc tn hiu iu khin t khi vi x l, tn hiu phn hi:AFC,ABL... - Tn hiu ra: H out, V out, tn hiu mu. tn hiu chi, audio. - Nguyn tc hot ng: Khi mch tng s phn tch tn hiu trung tn t Tunner vo ra lm 2 tn hiu l tn hiu trung tn hnh v trung tn ting. Tn hiu trung tn ting s c a vo b tch sng ti to li tn hiu ting m i pht gi i, a ra b khuch i ting v a ra loa. Cn tn hiu trung tn hnh s c a vo khi x l trung tn hnh, ti to li hnh nh m i pht gi i. ng thi cng ng b ho tn hiu H out, V out a sang khi khuch i cng sut dng, mnh. Tn hiu hnh s c ti to li tn hiu 3 mu c bn R, G, B v tn hiu chi, sau c a ra b khuch i cng sut mu cui a ln n hnh.

Phn II. PAN TIVI V HIN TNG

Pan l: Mt cun li mnh b t. - Hin tng: Mn hnh b co trn v di. Hnh ln sng, vn c ting. - Khc phc: Dng ng h o v ni li cun dy b t. Pan 2: Mt ngun +95V (Ngun B+) cho cao p. - Hin tng: Cao p khng chy, cc ngun sau cao p u mt, xung H out o ti thi im m my th c, sau my chy ch Stanby (ch). My khng hot ng, khng ting, khng hnh (mn hnh ti). Khc phc: Ni li in p B+ cho cao p. Pan 3: Mt ngun +180V - Cp cho khi cng sut mu cui. - Hin tng: Cao p chy mt lc ri tt lun. Mn hnh ti, khng mu, ting c mt lc ri mt hoc c th khng c. - Khc phc: Ni li +l 80V cho khi khuch i mu cui. Pan 4: Mt ngun +30V cp in p cho phn Tunner. - Hin tng: My khng d c sng, my khng c tn hiu, mn hnh nhiu, c ting tp m. Khc phc: Cp li in p +30V cho phn Tunner Pan 5: Mt +12V cho Tunner. - Hin tng: Ti vi khng d c sng, mn hnh nhiu, c ting tp m. - Khc phc: Cp li +12V cho Tunner. Pan 6: Mt ngun +9V cp cho phn x l mu. - Hin tng: Mn hnh dng hn v chuyn v ch standby - Khc phc: o v ni li ngun +9V cho x l mu Pan 7: t ng tn hiu Audio.
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- Hin tng: mt ting, hnh vn bnh thng. - Khc phc: Ni li v tr tn hiu b mt. Pan 8: t ng iu chnh ting (Volume) - Hin tng: Ting khng iu chnh c. C th mt ting tu thuc vo trng thi khi c Pan. Hnh vn bnh thng. - Khc phc: Ni li ng Volume b t. Pan 9: t ng tn hiu +SP a ra loa (ging nh hng loa). Hin tng: Loa b mt ting, hnh vn bnh thng. - Khc phc: Kim tra, ni li ng tin hiu b t, hoc do loa b t th thay loa. Pan 10: Mt ngun H+ - Cp ngun cho si t n hnh . - Hin tng: Mn hnh ti, cc tn hiu RGB vn c bnh thng, ting vn c bnh thng, nhn vo ui n hnh th thy si t khng . Khc phc: Ni li ngun H+ cp cho si t n hnh. Pan 11 : Mt tn hiu V out - Tn hiu mnh. - Hin tng: Mn hnh c vt ngang gia mn hnh, ting vn bnh thng. - Khc phc: o, tm ni li tn hiu Vout b t. Pan 12: Mt tn hiu H out - Tn hiu dng. - Hin tng: Mn hnh ti, c th cng khng c ting, my chuyn sang ch Stanby sau khi m. - Khc phc: Ni li im H out b t. Pan 1 3: Mt tn hiu R. - Hin tng: Mn hnh c nhiu mu xanh. Ting vn bnh thng. - Khc phc: D tm, o, ni li v tr tn hiu mu R b t. Pan 14: Mt tn hiu mu G. Hin tng: Trn mn hnh ch c 2 mu R, B. Khng c mu G. Ting vn bnh thng. Khc phc: Kim tra, o, ni li tn hiu G b mt. Pan 15: Mt tn hiu mu B. - Hin tng: Mn hnh ch cn li 2 mu R, G. Mt mu B. - Khc phc: o c, khc phc, ni li v tr mu B b t.

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