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10tr
1 i= 7%
5tr
2 i = 7% 3
3tr
7tr
Gp li l g ? Cho v d v gp li.
Tr li:
Gp li l tin li xc nh da trn c s s tin li ca cc
thi k trc gp vo vn gc lm cn c tnh tin li
ca cc thi k tip theo. Phng php tnh tin li nh vy
gi l phng php tnh li kp hay gp li.
V c tnh theo cng thc
FV = PV*(1 + i)n
V d: Mt ngi gi tit kim vi s tin 100 triuVN, li
sut nm l 10% thi hn 3 nm th
S tin ngi nhn c sau 3 nm l
FV = 100*(1+0,1)3 = 133,1 ( Triu VN )
V d:
Nu trong 3 nm ti, vo cui mi nm, bn gi tit kim mt s
tin l 100 USD th cui cng bn s c bao nhiu tin nu li
sut l 10% mt nm? PMT = 100 USD, n = 3, i = 10%,
PVA3(CK) = ?
Gi tr hin ti ca nin kim cui k:
PVA3(CK) = PMT [ (1+i)-1 +(1+i)-2+(1+i)-3] = 248,9 (USD)
Nu trong 3 nm ti, vo cui mi nm, bn gi tit kim mt s
tin l 100 USD th cui cng bn s c bao nhiu tin nu li
sut l 10% mt nm? PMT = 100 USD, n = 3, i = 10%,
PVA3(K) = ?
PVA3(K) = ( 1,1*1/1,1 + 1,1*1/1,12 +1,1*1/1,13) = 253,559 USD
B) Bi tp
Bi 1: Mt ngi cha lp k hoch nui con gi hc i hc. Con
gi ng lc ny 13 tui; 5 nm na c vo trng i hc v thi
gian hc i hc i hc l 4 nm. thi im hin nay, chi ph
hc tp mi nm (bao gm tt c cc chi ph - n ung, qun o,
sch v, vv) l 12.500 USD, nhng ngi cha tin rng chi ph ny
s trt gi mi nm 5%. Mi y c gi nhn c t ngi ng
mt s tin 7.500 USD. S tin ny s c dng trang tri
mt phn chi ph hc tp cho c bng cch gi vo ti khon ti
ngn hng c li sut 8% mi nm gp li hng nm. Phn chi ph
hc tp cn li s do ngi cha lo liu bng cch gi cc khon
tin tit kim bng nhau, tt c l 6 khon, ngay t by gi cho
ti khi con gi ng bc vo trng i hc. Cc khon tin gi
ny cng s c hng li sut ph bin l 8% mi nm. Hy
tnh s tin m ngi cha phi gi mi ln.
Gii:
Chi ph hc tp cho mi nm hc
Nm th nht: 12.500 ( 1+ 0,05)5 = 15.953,52 (USD)
Nm th hai: 12.500 ( 1+ 0,05)6 = 16.751,2 (USD)
Nm th ba: 12.500 ( 1+ 0,05)7 = 17.588,75 (USD)
Nm th t: 12.500 ( 1+ 0,05)8 = 18.468,2 (USD)
= > Chi ph cho 4 nm hc: 68.761,67
S tin nhn c t ngn hng sau 5 nm khi gi 7.500 USD
FV = 7.500 ( 1+ 0,08)5 = 11.019,96 (USD)
S tin ngi cha phi gi thm
68.761,67 - 11.019,96 = 57.741,7 (USD)
Vy s tin ngi cha phi gi mi ln
= 7871,1 USD
EARA = EARB th
iB = 7,94%
1
l
100
2
l
200
3
l
200
4
l
200
5
l
200
6
l
200
7
l
1.000
Gii:
a. Trng hp 1: Li sut l 6%, gp li hng nm.
Gi tr tng lai ca dng tin
FVMn = CF1(1+i)n-1 + CF2(1+i)n-2 +... + CFn(1+i)1 + CF1
Trong :
FVMn : Gi tr tng lai ca dng tin khng u.
CF: Khon li tng nm
= > FVM7 = 100(1+0,06)6 + 200(1+0,06)5 +200(1+0,06)4
+ 200(1+0,06)3 + 200(1+0,06)2 + 0 + 1.000 = 2.124,91
1
l
200
1
l
100
3
l
200
2
l
100
5
l
200
3
l
100
Gii:
Li sut 10% gp li 6 thng 1 ln
Gi tr tng lai ca dng tin
Trong C: Cc khon tin nhn c hng nm
Gi tr hin ti ca dng tin
Gii:
a)Gi tr tng lai ca dng tin u
Ta c:
Vi c= 200, i = 20%, n= 5
Gii:
a)Gi tr dng tin u trong tng lai l
Gi tr ca 17 khon tr gp n k 18 l
(triu)
S tin bn mua phi tr vo k th 18 l
714,764 546,753 (triu)
c)S tin bn mua phi tr vo k th 23
= 450,423 (triu)
= 285,71 tr.VND
Vy gi tr ca dng tin
PVA = 458,05 + 285,71 = 743,76 tr.VND
(tr.VND)
Vy gi tr tng lai ca dng tin
FVA = 1215,34 + 8439,7 = 9655,04 (tr.VND)
- Ngy o hn: L ngy xc nh trong tng lai m khi mnh gi ca tri phiu phi c thanh ton.
-iu khon thu hi sm (gi li): L iu khon cho php
ngi pht hnh c th thanh ton trc khi o hn.
- Li sut coupon: L s tin c th, c nh c hiu lc theo
hp ng m ngi pht hnh phi tr nh k (thng l 6
thng) cho ngi mua. Trn thc t, li coupon INT thng
c th hin gin tip thng qua li sut coupon INT/M.
- Li hng nm (li coupon): L t s gia li coupon v mnh
gi ca tri phiu khng thay i theo thi gian.
- Li sut th trng: Li sut th trng thch hp i vi tri
phiu, thay i thng xuyn theo trng thi ca nn kinh t v
ca th trng.
- T sut sinh li n o hn (YTM): L t sut sinh li m
ngi u t c hng khi mua tri phiu v cm gi (lm
ch) n ti ngy o hn, cn gi l yien ca tri phiu.
C phiu u
i
Li hng nm
C nh, khng
ph thuc KQKD
K hn
Ri ro
Thp
Cao
Trung bnh
Khng
T sut thu
hi ca NT
Th trng TP
khng
Th trng CPC
Th trng c
phiu u i
Bi tp
Bi 13. Tri phiu ca cng ty TBC c mnh gi 10.000.000 VND,
li sut coupon 10%, k o hn gc l 15% nm. Bn hy:
a)Tnh gi tr ca tri phiu 2 nm sau khi pht hnh, nu bit rng
li sut thch hp (kd) i vi tri phiu ny l 14% mi nm.
b)So snh gi tr va tnh c vi mnh gi v gii thch nguyn
nhn cu s khc bit .
Gii:
Gi tr ca tri phiu
Trong : K hn n = 15 nm
Li coupon INT = 10%
Mnh gi tri phiu M = 10 tr.VND
Li sut th trng thch hp i = 14%
= 7,662 (triu)
Ga tr tnh c so vi mnh gi l thp hn v li sut sinh li
ca th th trng ln hn t sut sinh li ca tri phiu khi gi tr
ca tri phiu nh hn gi ca n.
Bi 14: Cng ty Phng Cc c hai loi tri phiu. C hai loi ny
u c mnh gi 20.000.000 VND v li coupon bng 10%. Tri
phiu loi I c k hn 15 nm, cn tri phiu loi II c k hn 1
nm
Hy tnh gi tr ca tri phiu ny thi im pht hnh nu li
sut th trng khi l
a) 6%
b)9%
c)12%
Biu din kt qu tnh ton thnh th v cho bit nhn xt ca
mnh.
Gii:
Gi tr ca tri phiu
a)Khi kd = 6%
Gi tr ti thi im pht hnh
Tri phiu loi I : VB1 = 2*9,712 + 20*0,417 = 27,764 (tr)
Tri phiu loi II: VB2 = 2*0,943 + 20*0,943 = 20,746 (tr)
b)Khi kd = 9%
Gi tr ti thi im pht hnh
Tri phiu loi I : VB1 = 2*8,061 + 20*0,274 = 21,602 (tr)
Tri phiu loi II: VB2 = 2*0,917 + 20*0,917 = 20,144 (tr)
c)Khi kd = 12%
Gi tr ti thi im pht hnh
Tri phiu loi I : VB1 = 2*6,811 + 20*0,183 = 12,282 (tr)
27,764 .......................................................................................................kd = 6%
21,601 ......................................................................................................kd = 6%
20,746 .......................... kd = 6%
20.144 ........................
kd = 9%
INT/M = 10%
20
19,646 ......................... k = 12%
d
......................................................................................................
12,282
kd = 6%
Nhn xt:
- Khi li sut th trng ln hn li sut coupon tc t sut sinh
li ca th trng ln hn t sut sinh li ca tri phiu th gi
tr ca tri phiu s nh hn mnh gi v ngc li.
- Cng gn ti ngy o hn, gi tr tri phiu cng tin gn
mnh gi
- Ti ngy o hn gi tr ca tri phiu lun bng mnh gi.
Bi 15: Cng ty t Vit c loi tri phiu quc t cn 4 nm
na th ht hn. Li coupon c tr hng nm; tri phiu c
mnh gi l 1.000USD; v li sut coupon bng 8%
Hy tnh YTM ca loi tri phiu ny nu gi th trng ca n
khi l 825 USD hoc 1.107 USD.
Nu bn cho rng li sut thch hp i vi tri phiu ny l
10% th bn c bng lng mua tri phiu ny hay khng ?
Gii:
Gi ca c phiu phi tr
= 35.3315,08 VND
Gi k vng ca c phiu
= 353.333,33
Gi tr ca mt c phiu i chng khng ph thuc vo thi
gian nm gi. Gi tr ca c phiu i chng ph thuc vo
tnh trng v chnh sch ca doanh nghip v trng thi ca nn
hinh t. Khi cc nhn t ny n nh th gi CPC n nh. Ni
cch khc nu bn mua c phiu 2 nm hoc 5 nm th khng
nh hng n c phiu k vng ngy hm nay.
Bi 19: Tri phiu ca cng ty SBB l tri phiu vnh vin, mnh
gi l 1.000 USD. Li sut coupon l 11%. Hin nay trn th trng,
cc tri phiu loi ny c t sut sinh li xp x 10%. Bn hy:
a) Tnh gi tr ca tri phiu ny v nhn xt.
b) Gi s li sut trn th trng tng n mc m t sut sinh li
thch hp cc tri phiu loi ny vo khong 14%. Hy tnh gi tri
phiu ca cng ty SBB
c) Gi s li sut th trng by gi ch cn 11%. Hy tnh gi ca
tri phiu ca cng ty SBB
d) Bn s tr li cu hi trn nh th no nu tri phiu ca cng
ty SBB c thi hn xc nh l 20 nm?
Gii:
a)P = 1.000 USD, INT = 110 USD, t sut sinh li ks = 10%
=>
= 110(8,5135) + 1.000(0,1486)
= 1085,085 (USD)
d)Nu kd = 14%
VB2 = 110*6,6231 + 1.000*0,0728=583,485 USD
Nu kd = 11%
VB3 = 110*7,963 + 1.000*0,124 = 999,93 USD