Mt s nguyn tc so snh nhit si

Chng ta cng tm hiu nhng nguyn tc so snh nhit si gia cc cht. Nu thiu st phn no cc bn hy cng gp nh. Nguyn tc 1. Hai hp cht c cng khi lng hoc khi lng xp x nhau th hp cht no c lin kt hiro bn hn s c nhit si cao hn. V d 1: So snh nhit si ca CH3COOH v C3H7OH. - C hai u c khi lng phn t bng 60. Nhng CH3COOH c lin kt hiro bn hn lin kt hiro trong C3H7OH. Nn nhit si ca CH3COOH cao hn nhit si ca C3H7OH. V d 2 : So snh nhit si ca CH3OH v CH3CHO. - CH3OH c M=32. CH3CHO c M=44. CH3OH c lin kt hiro, CH3CHO khng c lin kt hiro, nn CH3OH c nhit si cao hn CH3CHO. Nguyn tc 2:

Hai hp cht cng kiu lin kt hiro, hp cht no c khi lng ln hn s c nhit si cao hn.

V d 1: So snh nhit si ca CH3OH v C2H5OH. - C hai u c cng kiu lin kt hidro, nhng khi lng ca C2H5OH=46> khi lng ca CH3OH=32. nn C2H5OH c nhit si cao hn CH3OH. V d 2: So snh nhit si ca C2H6 v C3H8. - C hai u khng c lin kt hiro, khi lng ca C3H8 ln hn khi lng ca C2H6 nn C3H8 c nhit si ln hn. Nguyn tc 3.

Hai hp cht l ng phn ca nhau th ng phn cis c nhit si cao hn ng phn trans.(gii thch: l do m men lng cc.ng phn cis m men lng cc khc 0, ng phn trans c m men lng cc bng 0 hoc b thua m men lng cc ca ng phn cis.

V d: So snh nhit si ca cis but-2-en v trans but-2-en. Nguyn tc 4: Hai hp cht l ng phn ca nhau th hp cht no c din tch tip xc phn t ln hn s c nhit cao hn hn.

V d: So snh hit si ca cc hp cht sau: - C hai u c khi lng bng nhau, u khng c lin kt hiro. B c din tch tip xc ln hn nn c nhit si cao hn A. Nguyn tc 5: Hai hp cht c khi lng bng nhau hoc xp x nhau, hp cht no c lin kt ion s c nhit si cao hn.

V d : So snh nhit si ca CH3COONa v CH3COOH. -CH3COONa khng c lin kt hiro nhng c lin kt ion gia Na-O; CH3COOH c lin kt hiro. Nhng nhit si ca CH3COONa cao hn. Nguyn tc 6: Hai hp cht hu c u khng c lin kt hiro, c khi lng xp x nhau th hp cht no c tnh phn cc hn s c nhit si cao hn.

V d: So snh nhit si ca HCHO v C2H6. - Hai hp cht trn u khng c lin kt hiddro v khi lng bng nhau, nhng HCHO c tnh phn cc hn nn c nhit si cao hn.