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BO CO V MCH NGUN TUYN TNH

DANH SCH NHM H v tn L Minh Qun m Vn Qy Phm Ph Quc MSSV 10254121 10249031 10338681

Ngun tuyn tnh: Ngun AC DC:

Mch ngun dng ic n p LM723CN iu chnh in p ra t 0 `~ 15V

Nguyn l lm vic ca mch nh sau:


T1 l bin p ngun c tc dng cch ly v gim p AC, gim 220V xung mc 18V. Dng cu nn dng 4 diode D1...D4 (1N4007 x4) i dng in xoay chiu ra dng dng xung 1 chiu. Diode D5 (1N4007), to tc dng ngt dng np khi p trn t lc C1 cn mc cao, t ha C1 (1000uF) l kho cha in chnh dng n nh iu kin cp in cho ti v nng co mc p DC. Mch cp ngun DC dng IC n p LM723. Chn 7 cho ni masse, chn 12 ni vo ng ngun B+ (+22V). Ng ra ly trn chn 11 dng cp dng cho transistor cng sut pnp Q1 (MJ2955). in tr R2 (330) c tc dng hn dng v in tr R1 (1K) c tc dng b nhit. Vi cch mc ca Q1, in p ra cho ly trn chn C ca transistor cng sut, kiu mch ngun ny cho mc p iu chnh c th khi u t mc p 0V. in ra ly trn chn C ca Q1, y dng D6 (1N4007) trnh dng sai cc cho x ngc. Dng in tr R3 (510) lm ti ph nh p ng ra. T C2 (470uF) v C3 (220uF) c tc dng n p. Tn hiu cho hi tip v chn 4 ca mch khuch i so p ly trn cu o mc trn ti vi R4 (1K) v R5 (10K). Chn 6 l ng ra ca mch p chun v chn 5 l mt ng vo ca tng so p. y t chit p RV1 dng lm nt chnh chn la mc p cho ng ra.

Cc linh kin trn board mch: 2 transistor (pnp v npn) ghp ng hiu nh mt SCR, n c tc dng ngt ngun khi ti b chm hay b qu dng. Trong mch ny, ngi ta dng mt Relay ngt ngun v sau mt lc s t ng cho m ngun tr li (t ng m ngun) IC n p LM723, bn cnh l cc in tr nh c cng sut chu nng ln, dng cp cho ti s cho chy qua in tr ny, mc p trn in tr ny, khi vt qu 0.6V s

lm nhy mch bo v. a s cc h hng ca loi ngun ny l con IC LM723 ny. Diode chu dng ln mc cch ly t ha ln C1 (1000uF) v cu nn dng, tc dng ca diode l khi mc p trn t ha cn cao th n s ct np khi mc p dng xung mc thp hn, iu ny lm tng hiu sut ca ngun. Bin p to tc dng cch ly ng dy AC v board mch v dng lm gim mc p t 220V xung 18V. Khi b chm hay qu ti, lp khung nha trn qun cc cun dy th cp v s cp s b bin dng, mo m. Bn o kim tra v thay h bin p mi l c. Ta dng mt my o dng (A) cho mc ni tip ch th mc dng chy qua ti. Mc dng ti a l 1A, nu dng ln hn 1A, n s to mc p ln khong 0.6V trn in tr R12 (0.47), mch tt ngun ng ra s nhy. Ta c th cho dng ngt ngun bng cch thay i tr s ca in tr R12.Ta dng mt my o p (V) cho mc song song vi ng ra ch th mc p trn ti. Mc p ti a l 15V . Nu mun c mc p cao hn, ta c th thay bin p ngun, vi mc p AC trn cun th cp ly cao hn. T ha ln (1000uF), t ny l kho cha in chnh ca ton mch, Bn c th thay th t lc c in dung ln hn c tnh n p tt hn. Cu nn dng vi 4 diode, ch dng diode 1N4007 l .Mch dng mt Relay vi tip im l kim ca n lm kha in tt m ng ngun DC ng ra. Kiu t ng cho m li dng sau mt thi gian tt ngun ny nhiu khi li bt cp hi. Nu khng mun dng tnh nng t ng cho m ngun, ta lm h cun dy kch ca Relay. Cc mch khc:

Mch n p tuyn tnh 5v


Nu mun chuyn ngun 220VAC thnh ngun 5v (12v) th phi dng bin th t 220VAC thnh cc ngun 5;12;24 VAC ri sau dng cu diode v t chnh lu v lc ngun to ngun DC, sau dng Diode Zener hoc IC n p n p to in p 5V (dng IC LM7805) hoc 12v (IC 7912). Mch ny c cng sut ln hn (khong 1A). Trong qu trnh s dng th cc IC n p rt nng, bn nn gn thm cc ming tn nhit vo cc IC ny

Mch n p tuyn tnh dng IC 7812 v 7912

u im ln nht ca b ngun n nh tuyn tnh l s n gin trong s , nhng nhc im c bn li tng i nhiu, c th k ra l: S dng bin p ngun vi tn s thp (50 60Hz) nn kch thc v trng lng ln Tiu th cng sut ln trn phn t iu khin. Dng ph ti cng ln, di n nh in p cng rng th tiu th cng sut cng ln. V vy, b ngun tuyn tnh ch lm vic vi dng u ra nh hn 5A. Hiu sut ca mch thp (thng t 30% - 60%) Kch thc ca phn t iu khin ln v phi to nhit, mt cng sut ti ra ch t 0.2 0.3W/in3, ngha l tng i nh so vi h thng lm bng IC.

Mch n p tuyn tnh dung IC 7824, 7812 v 7805

Ngun DC AC:

Mch ngun (DC) 12V ra (AC) 110V Trong mch dng 2 tng o trong IC 4069 to ra tn hiu c dng xung vung, tn hiu ny qua s khuch i ca mt tng o, cho kch vo chn B ca transistor TR1 v li qua mt tng o khc (cng ly trong IC 4069) cho kch vo chn B ca TR2, nh vy s to ra c hai tn hiu c tnh o pha cho tc ng vo tng cu ko y.

Ngha l khi TR1 dn in th TR2 s phi ngng dn v ngc li. Tn hiu ly ra trn chn C ca hai transistor TR1 v TR2 cho tc ng vo cu ko y vi 4 transistor ng m nhanh dng MOSFET, mt bn l transistor MOSFET h b TR3, TR4 v mt bn khc l vi TR5, TR6. Dng in ko y s lun cho i chiu qua cun s cp trong bin p T1, cun s cp qun t vng vi dy ng to, lm vic vi cng dng in ln, y l mt bin p xung cng sut ln, tn thp, trn cun th qun nhiu vng hn cun s nn cho ra mc p AC cao, y ngi ta tnh s vng qun ly ra mc p AC 100V v 110V (D nhin nu mun ly ra mc p 220V, ta phi tng s vng qun cun th ln gp i). Tng cng sut lm vic vi mc ngun ly trn mt c-qui 12V DC, y dng F1 lm cu ch bo v, phng khi trong mch c linh kin b chm lm ngn mch, cu ch s t trnh lm h ngun DC. T C4 c tc dng lc v ngi ta dng IC n p h 78xx (7805) c mc ngun 5V DC c n nh tt cp cho tng dao ng vi IC 4069, iu ny s gi cho bin tn hiu v tn s c n nh. Dng 2 t nh C2 v C3 cho cng dng lc b cc tn hiu nhiu tn s cao v gi cho IC 7805 khng b hin tng dao dng t kch. Trong mch tn s tn hiu ca tng dao ng ph thuc vo tr s ca R2, bin tr VR1 v t C1, y VR1 c tc dng chnh tn. in tr R1 dng sa dng xung, tng hiu sut kch thch cho tng ko y. Cc khi trong mch:

Mch dao dng to xung

Mch dng 2 tng o trong IC 4069 rp thnh mch khuch i o pha, tn hiu ly trn ng ra cho qua t C1 (10uF) v R1 to hi tip thun v ng vo, v dng in tr nh thi vi R2 (2.2K), bin tr chnh tn VR1 (2K) xc nh tn s dao ng. Trong mch ny, mch nh tn gm c t C1 v tr R2+VR1, in tr R1 c tc dng sa dng xung ra lm tng hiu qu kch thch tng ko y. Tn s ca mch dao ng, tnh theo h thc: Nh vy, khi: * Chnh VR1 = 0, chng ta tnh ra tn s dao ng l: * Chnh VR1 = 2K, chng ta tnh ra tn s dao ng l:

f = 1/(2.2)xC1X(R2+VR1).

f = 93.9Hz f = 49.2Hz

Ta c th dng my o tn, o tn s tn hiu ng ra v chnh nh bin tr VR1 c tn s in nh n l 50Hz (hay 60Hz) cho ph hp vi cc thit b cng nghip.

Tng cng sut ko y

Tng thc dng transistor loi bipolar quen thuc: 2SC1815. Tn hiu cho vo chn B v ly ra trn chn C, nn n c tc dng lm tng bin v ng thi cho vung ha tn hiu, mch khuch i vo B ra C c tnh o pha. Tng cng sut rp theo dng cu ko y cn bng vi 4 transistor ng m nhanh MOSFET loi cng sut ln. Khi tn hiu vo trn chn cng (Gate) ca TR3, TR4 mc p thp (Low) th TR3 dn in v TR4 tt, khi tn hiu vo trn chn cng (Gate) TR5, TR6 mc p cao (high), th TR6 s dn in v TR5 tt. Ngc li, tn hiu o pha cho vo cc cng lm cho TR4 v TR5 dn in th lc ny TR3, TR6 tt. iu ny s lun to ra dng in o chiu chy qua cun s cp ca bin p xung, ng ra trn cun dy th cp s c in p volt cao xut hin. Mc p ra ty thuc vo s vng qun ca cun th cp. Cng sut ra ty thuc vo kch thc ca bin p. Vi tng ko y cn bng, bin tn hiu ng ra s c tnh i xng cn bng tt.

Mch ngun nui 5V dng IC n p loi 3 chn, h 78xx. y dng IC 7805 nn mc p cho ra trn chn OUT l 5V c n nh rt tt. Khi dng loi IC n p ny, bn ti, tc bn ng ra Bn phi nh dng t in dp hin tng dao ng t kch trong IC. Hin tng t kch, do ti thiu t, s lm cho mc p ng ra dao ng tn thp, lc ln cao lc xung thp.

Ch : Chn gia ca loi IC h 78xx lun lun cho ni masse, chn bn tri l chn IN (ni vo ng ngun DC c volt cao hn 5V) v chn bn phi l chn OUT (lun cho ra 5V c n nh tt). Nu v mc sai hai chn ny c th lm cho IC qu nng v lm "cht" IC. Cng dng ca IC 7805 l gi cho in p ngun cp cho IC 4069 lun c n nh, n khng b thay i theo mc p 12V nhp nh theo iu kin thai i ca ti, iu ny gi c bin v tn s ca tn hiu kch thch c n nh. Cc linh kin trong mch:

IC CMOS h 40xx, 4069 Trong IC CMOS h 4069 (hay 4049, 4050), c 6 tng khuch i o, Bn xem hnh. Trong IC ny Bn c th dng 2 tng khuch i o rp thnh mch dao ng, tn s xung xc nh theo mch nh thi RC t trn ng hi tip thun. Vi hnh mnh ha trn, Bn c th dng 1 IC 4069 rp thnh 3 tng dao ng c tn s khc nhau v qua tng thc dng mt transistor cp dng cho bng n t trn chn C. Lc ny bn s thy bng n c nhng iu chp a dng. 3 diode trong mch dng lm mch OR, ly xung bin cao kch dn transistor.

Ghi ch: Trong mch, nu Bn phi dng loi t ha trn ng hi tip, Bn phi ch n cc tnh ca t v nn dng loi t tantalium c cht lng cao n nh tn s dao ng.

Transistor 2SC1815 2SC1815 l transistor bipolar, tc l loi transistor c 2 mi ni PN (NP-PN), y l loi transistor cng sut nh NPN rt thng dng. c tnh k thut ca n l: * in p nh thng trn chn CB, vi chn E b trng l: VCB0 = 60V. * in p nh thng trn chn CE, vi chn B b trng l: VCE0 = 50V. * Dng in chy ra trn chn C l: Ic = 150mA. * Chu cng sut t nng trn chn C l: Pc = 400mW. * H s khuch i dng hFE trong khong: 70 n 700, bnh thng l: 220. * Tn s lm vic l: fT = 80MHz. * T lin cc ng ra l: Cob = 3.5pF Chng ta bit 2SC1815 l transistor NPN, transistor PNP h b ca n l 2SA1015, ngha l 2 transistor ny c cc c tnh k thut u ging nhau, chng ch khc l c cu trc NPN v PNP.

Trong hnh minh ha trn, cho thy cch dng mt transistor 2SC1815 vi mch cho chm ni loa vo my tng m. Mch R v C trn chn B dng lm mch m in tr. Nguyn l ca mch tr nh sau: Khi mch va c cp ngun, t C1 (1000uF) khi u np in t mc p 0V, lc ny transistor 2SC1815 khng dn in, dng np ca t C1 (1000uF) qua R1 (10K) v diode zener 10.1V, khi in p trn t C1 ln n khong 1.2V th transistor dn in, n cp dng cho relay 12V ng cc tip im l kim cho ni loa vo mch. Trong mch ngi ta dng 3 diode: * Diode ngang R1 dng to ng x in nhanh cho t C1 khi tt my. * Diode trn chn B ca transistor dng nng cao mc ngng kch dn transistor ln mc 1.2V. * Diode mc ngang relay dng dp mc p nghch, phn hi do cun dy ca relay.

Transistor cng sut MOSFET 2SK2956 2SK2956 l transistor MOSFET knh N, trong trnaistor c diode trn chn DS trnh in p nghch phn hi trn chn D. Trn chn GS c diode zener dng ct bin cc tn hiu c bin qu cao. Bn trn l bng ghi c tnh k thut ca loi transistor ny. 2SJ471 l transistor knh P, h b ca 2SK2956.

Cc mch khc:

Mch dung cng NAND IC SN7400

Mch dung IC LC3524 Mch bo v qu dng:

Chng ta thy dng in cp cho ti, chy qua in tr R12 (0.47, nh Ohm nhng c cng sut chu nng ln), trn in tr R12 xut hin in p, mc p ny qua mch lc vi R11 (330) v t lc C7 (10uF) tc ng vo chn B ca Q3, C6 (104) l t lc nhiu. * Bnh thng, dng ra mc bnh thng (khng qu 1A), mc p trn R12 khng qu 0.6V, lc ny Q3 khng dn in v Q2 cng ngng dn v mch ngun hot ng bnh thng. * Khi mch ti b qu dng, dng ti cao hn 1A, lc ny mc p trn R12 ln cao hn 0.6V s lm cho Q3 dn in, n s ko mc p trn chn 13 xung mc gn 0V v nh vy ng ra s b mt p. Transistor pnp Q2 c tc dng t gi, y Bn c th xem Q2 (pnp) v Q3 (npn) rp ng hiu nh SCR, n l mt kha in c tc dng t gi, ngha l khi dn in th s tip tc dn. D7 v C5 (100uF) c tc dng cch ly. Led D9 dng ch th tt m ngun, Led D8 dng bo mch b tt do chm ti. Do mch dng 2 Led mu i (Led xanh v ), nn bnh thng do 2 Led u sng nn c mu vng, khi ngun b chm s t mu Vng i ra mu Xanh (do ch c Led xanh sng, Led b lm tt). R8 (1K), R9 (10K), R10 (2.2K) l cc in tr hn dng cho cc Led ch th. Cc mch khc:

Mch bo v qu dng 3 pha

Mch bo v qu dng 1 pha

F1 : Cu ch bo v qu dng TH1 : Cu ch bo v qu p

Theo s bn cung cp, th:

F1 l Cu ch bo v qu dng. Khi c hin tng chm chp hoc qu ti trong mch, dng in qua F1 tng, dy ch ca n s chy, ngt ngun cung cp bo v cc linh kin ca mch khng b h hng thm. TH1 l Cu ch bo v qu p.N c cu to l 1 cp tip gip bn dn.in p ti a trn n khong 230V-270V (ty loi). Khi in p vo vt ln cao qu, vt qu gii hn in p ti a cho php (V d: hin tng st lan truyn chng hn), dn n in p t trn TH1 tng cao, tip gip ny s t ngt in p cp n mch. Mch bo v qu p:

Mch hi tip n nh p ra in p chun 5V c ly ra t chn (14) ca IC dao ng, in p ny c u qua cu phn p ly ra mt in p chun c p nh hn ri a vo chn s 2 gim cho in p chn ny c c nh. Cc in p th cp 12V v 5V cho i qua cc in tr 24K v 4,7K ri a vo chn

s (1) ca IC, t chn (1) c cc in tr phn p xung mass gi cho chn ny c in p cao hn so vi chn (2) khong 0,1V Nguyn l hot ng. Nu nh in p ra khng thay i th in p chnh lch gia chn (1) vi cn (2) cng khng thay i, t IC cho hai tn hiu dao ng ra chn (8) v chn (11) c bin cng khng i => v kt qu l in p ra khng thay i. Nu v mt l do no m in p ra tng ln (v d khi in p vo tng ln hoc dng tiu th gim i), khi cc in p 12V v 5V tng => lm cho in p chn (1) tng, chnh lch gia chn (1) v (2) tng ln => IC s iu chnh cho bin dao ng ra chn (8) v chn (11) gim xung => cc transistor cng sut hot ng yu i => lm cho in p ra gim xung (v gi tr ban u). Nu in p ra gim xung (v d khi in p vo gim xung hoc dng tiu th tng ln), khi cc in p 12V v 5V gim => lm cho in p chn (1) gim, chnh lch gia chn (1) v (2) gim xung => IC s iu chnh cho bin dao ng ra chn (8) v chn (11) tng ln => cc transistor cng sut hot ng mnh hn => lm cho in p ra tng ln (v gi tr ban u) * Nh vy nh c mch hi tip trn m gi cho in p u ra lun lun c n nh khi in p u vo thay i hoc khi dng tiu th thay i

Cc mch khc:

Mch bo v in p v tr p AST

Mch n p c nh 1 Mch n p c nh dng Diode Zener.

. Mch n p to p 33V c nh cung cp cho mch d knh trong Ti vi mu


T ngun 110V khng c nh thng qua in tr hn dng R1 v gim trn Dz 33V ly ra mt in p c nh cung cp cho mch d knh Khi thit k mt mch n p nh trn ta cn tnh ton in tr hn dng sao cho dng in ngc cc i qua Dz phi nh hn dng m Dz chu c, dng cc i qua Dz l khi dng qua R2 = 0 Nh s trn th dng cc i qua Dz bng st p trn R1 chia cho gi tr R1 , gi dng in ny l I1 ta c I1 = (110 33 ) / 7500 = 77 / 7500 ~ 10mA Thng thng ta nn dng ngc qua Dz 25 mA 2 Mch n p c nh dng Transistor, IC n p . Mch n p dng Diode Zener nh trn c u im l n gin nhng nhc im l cho dng in nh ( 20mA). c th to ra mt in p c nh nhng cho dng in mnh hn nhiu ln ngi ta mc thm Transistor khuych i v dng nh s di y.

Mch n p c Transistor khuych i

mch trn in p ti im A c th thay i v cn gn xoay chiu nhng in p ti im B khng thay i v tng i phng. Nguyn l n p : Thng qua in tr R1 v Dz gim c nh in p chn B ca Transistor Q1, gi s khi in p chn E n Q1 gim => khi in p UBE tng => dng qua n Q1 tng => lm in p chn E ca n tng , v ngc li Mch n p trn n gin v hiu qu nn c s dng rt rng di v ngi ta sn xut cc loi IC h LA78.. thay th cho mch n p trn, IC LA78.. c s mch nh phn mch c mu xanh ca s trn.

IC n p h LA78.. LA7805 IC n p 5V LA7808 IC n p 8V LA7809 IC n p 9V LA7812 IC n p 12V

IC n p LA7805

Lu : H IC78.. ch cho dng tiu th khong 1A tr xung, khi rp IC trong mch th U in > Uout t 3 n 5V khi IC mi pht huy tc dng. 3 ng dng ca IC n p h 78.. IC n p h 78.. c dng rng ri trong cc b ngun , nh B ngun ca u VCD, trong Ti vi mu, trong my tnh

ng dng ca IC n p LA7805 v LA7808 trong b ngun u VCD

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