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Jump to: navigation, search Php quang trc l s thc hnh (Nd: practice) vic xc nh cc thuc tnh hnh hc ca cc vt th t cc hnh nhip nh/ nh chp (Nd: photographic images). Php quang trc cng lu i nh thut nhip nh (Nd: photography) hin i v c th c t gia th k th mi chn. Trong v d n gin nht, khong cch gia hai im m nm trn mt mt phng song song vi mt phng nh chp c th c xc nh bng cch o khong cch ca chng trn nh, nu t l/ t xch (Nd: scale) s ca nh c bit. Vic ny c lm bng cch nhn khong cch c o vi (Nd: by) 1/s. Mt k thut phc tp hn, m c gi l php quang trc lp th (Nd: stereophotogrammetry), gm vic c lng cc ta (Nd: coordinates) ba chiu (Nd: three-dimensional) ca cc im trn mt vt th. Nhng ci ny c xc nh bi cc php o m c lm trn hai nh chp hay nhiu hn m c chp t cc v tr khc nhau (xem khoa nhn ni (Nd: stereoscopy)). Cc im chung (Nd: Common points) c nhn din (Nd: identified) trn mi nh. Mt ng ngm (Nd: line of sight) (hay tia (Nd: ray)) c th c v (Nd: constructed) t v tr my nh n im trn vt th. Chnh giao im ca cc tia ny (php tam gic c (Nd: triangulation)) xc nh v tr ba chiu ca im . Cc thut ton (Nd: algorithms) phc tp hn c th khai thc thng tin khc v quang cnh (Nd: scene) m c bit nh mt tin nghim ch (Nd: priori), v d nh nhng s i xng (Nd: symmetries), m trong vi trng hp l cho php nhng s ti to dng/ nhng s v li (Nd: reconstructions) cc ta 3D t ch mt v tr my nh. Php quang trc c dng trong cc lnh vc khc nhau, nh l v bn a hnh (Nd: topographic mapping), khoa kin trc (Nd: architecture), khoa k thut thit k (Nd: engineering), s sn xut (Nd: manufacturing), s kim sot cht lng (Nd: quality control), s iu tra ca cnh st v khoa a cht (Nd: geology), cng nh bi cc nh kho c (Nd: archaeologists) nhanh chng to ra cc s ca cc a im rng ln hay phc tp v bi cc nh kh tng hc (Nd: meteorologists) nh mt cch xc nh tc gi thc ca mt cn bo (Nd: tornado) m cc d liu thi tit khch quan (Nd: objective weather data) khng th ly c. N cng c dng kt hp
hnh ng thc/ hnh ng trc tip (Nd: live action) vi hnh nh c sinh bi my tnh (Nd: computer generated imagery) trong hu k sn xut phim (Nd: movie postproduction); Fight Club (Nd: Cu lc b onh ln? Ci ny c Vit Nam ri) l mt v d tt v s s dng php quang trc trong in nh (cc chi tit c cho trong cc phn ph tr (Nd: extras) ca a DVD). Cc thut ton cho php quang trc tiu biu l biu din bi ton nh bi ton ti thiu ha tng s cc bnh phng ca mt tp cc sai s (Nd: typically express the problem as that of minimizing the sum of the squares of a set of errors). S ti thiu ha ny c bit nh s iu chnh chm (Nd: bundle adjustment) v thng c thc hin bng cch dng thut ton LevenbergMarquardt.
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M hnh d liu ca Georg Wiora v php quang trc [1]. (Nd: Ch thch: Photogrammetry: Php quang trc; Methods: Cc phng php; additional observations: cc quan st b sung; n exterior orientations: n s nh hng bn ngoi; image co-ordinates from viewsn: cc ta nh t cc cnh nhn n???; 3-D coordinates: cc ta 3D; camera modell(s): (cc) m hnh (?) my nh)
Php quang trc dng cc phng php t nhiu mn hc gm quang hc (Nd: optics) v hnh hc x nh (Nd: projective geometry). M hnh d liu bn phi cho thy loi thng tin g c th i vo v i ra cc phng php quang trc. Cc ta 3D nh ngha cc v tr ca cc im ca vt th trong khng gian 3D. Cc ta nh nh ngha cc v tr ca cc nh ca cc im ca vt th trn phim hay mt thit b to nh in t (Nd: electronic imaging device). S nh hng bn ngoi ca mt my nh (Nd: camera) nh ngha v tr ca n trong khng gian v hng nhn (Nd: view direction) ca n. S nh hng bn trong nh ngha cc tham s hnh hc (Nd: geometric parameters) ca qu trnh x l to nh (Nd: imaging process). y ch yu l tiu c (Nd: focal length) ca cc thu knh, nhng cng gm s m t ca nhng s mo/ bin dng ca thu knh (Nd: lens distortions). Cc quan st b sung thm na ng mt vai tr quan trng: Vi cc khung t l (Nd: scale bars), v c bn l mt khong cch c bit ca hai im trong khng gian, hay cc im c nh (Nd: fix points) c bit, s kt ni (Nd: connection) n cc n v o lng c bn c to ra. Mi trong s bn bin s chnh c th l mt d liu u vo (Nd: input) hay mt d liu u ra (Nd: output) ca mt phng php quang trc hc. Quang trc hc c nh ngha bi ASPRS nh ngh thut, khoa hc v cng ngh ca vic ly thng tin ng tin cy v cc vt th vt l v mi trng qua cc qu trnh/ phng thc (Nd: processes) ghi nhn (Nd: recording), o v din dch (Nd: interpreting) cc nh chp v cc mu hnh (Nd: patterns) ca nng lng in t bc x c ghi nhn (Nd: recorded radiant electromagnetic energy) v cc hin tng khc.[1]
[edit] Cc ng dng
Phng php ny thng c dng trong ngnh k s va chm (Nd: collision engineering), c bit l vi cc xe t/ xe hi (nd: automobiles). Khi s kin tng do cc tai nn din ra (Nd: When litigation for accidents occur) v cc k s cn xc nh s
bin dng chnh xc m hin din chic xe, thng thng th vi nm tri qua v bng chng duy nht m cn li l cc nh chp hin trng v n/ hin trng ti c (Nd: crime scene) m c chp bi cnh st. Php quang trc c dng xc nh chic xe hi ang c ni n b bin dng bao nhiu, m lin h n mt lng nng lng m c i hi sinh ra s bin dng . Nng lng sau c th c dng xc nh thng tin quan trng v v ng xe (nh l vn tc vo lc va chm).
3D data acquisition and object reconstruction Aerial survey Edouard Deville ERDAS IMAGINE Geoinformatics Geomatics engineering Leica Photogrammetry Suite Surveying Photomapping TopoFlight SOCET SET Videogrammetry Computer vision Geofoto
[edit] References
1. ^ ASPRS online
International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing RSPSoc - Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry Society of UK American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing A real world example of usage in reconstructing destroyed historical statues by using photographs History of Photogrammetry Photogrammetry tutorials from Spain a good collection of resources for photogrammetry and computer vision
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