Bt u dch: 18:09, 16-10-2010

Php quang trc (Nd: Photogrammetry)

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Jump to: navigation, search Php quang trc l s thc hnh (Nd: practice) vic xc nh cc thuc tnh hnh hc ca cc vt th t cc hnh nhip nh/ nh chp (Nd: photographic images). Php quang trc cng lu i nh thut nhip nh (Nd: photography) hin i v c th c t gia th k th mi chn. Trong v d n gin nht, khong cch gia hai im m nm trn mt mt phng song song vi mt phng nh chp c th c xc nh bng cch o khong cch ca chng trn nh, nu t l/ t xch (Nd: scale) s ca nh c bit. Vic ny c lm bng cch nhn khong cch c o vi (Nd: by) 1/s. Mt k thut phc tp hn, m c gi l php quang trc lp th (Nd: stereophotogrammetry), gm vic c lng cc ta (Nd: coordinates) ba chiu (Nd: three-dimensional) ca cc im trn mt vt th. Nhng ci ny c xc nh bi cc php o m c lm trn hai nh chp hay nhiu hn m c chp t cc v tr khc nhau (xem khoa nhn ni (Nd: stereoscopy)). Cc im chung (Nd: Common points) c nhn din (Nd: identified) trn mi nh. Mt ng ngm (Nd: line of sight) (hay tia (Nd: ray)) c th c v (Nd: constructed) t v tr my nh n im trn vt th. Chnh giao im ca cc tia ny (php tam gic c (Nd: triangulation)) xc nh v tr ba chiu ca im . Cc thut ton (Nd: algorithms) phc tp hn c th khai thc thng tin khc v quang cnh (Nd: scene) m c bit nh mt tin nghim ch (Nd: priori), v d nh nhng s i xng (Nd: symmetries), m trong vi trng hp l cho php nhng s ti to dng/ nhng s v li (Nd: reconstructions) cc ta 3D t ch mt v tr my nh. Php quang trc c dng trong cc lnh vc khc nhau, nh l v bn a hnh (Nd: topographic mapping), khoa kin trc (Nd: architecture), khoa k thut thit k (Nd: engineering), s sn xut (Nd: manufacturing), s kim sot cht lng (Nd: quality control), s iu tra ca cnh st v khoa a cht (Nd: geology), cng nh bi cc nh kho c (Nd: archaeologists) nhanh chng to ra cc s ca cc a im rng ln hay phc tp v bi cc nh kh tng hc (Nd: meteorologists) nh mt cch xc nh tc gi thc ca mt cn bo (Nd: tornado) m cc d liu thi tit khch quan (Nd: objective weather data) khng th ly c. N cng c dng kt hp

hnh ng thc/ hnh ng trc tip (Nd: live action) vi hnh nh c sinh bi my tnh (Nd: computer generated imagery) trong hu k sn xut phim (Nd: movie postproduction); Fight Club (Nd: Cu lc b onh ln? Ci ny c Vit Nam ri) l mt v d tt v s s dng php quang trc trong in nh (cc chi tit c cho trong cc phn ph tr (Nd: extras) ca a DVD). Cc thut ton cho php quang trc tiu biu l biu din bi ton nh bi ton ti thiu ha tng s cc bnh phng ca mt tp cc sai s (Nd: typically express the problem as that of minimizing the sum of the squares of a set of errors). S ti thiu ha ny c bit nh s iu chnh chm (Nd: bundle adjustment) v thng c thc hin bng cch dng thut ton LevenbergMarquardt.

Contents
[hide]

1 Photogrammetric methods 2 Integration 3 Applications 4 See also 5 References 6 External links

[edit] Cc phng php quang trc

M hnh d liu ca Georg Wiora v php quang trc [1]. (Nd: Ch thch: Photogrammetry: Php quang trc; Methods: Cc phng php; additional observations: cc quan st b sung; n exterior orientations: n s nh hng bn ngoi; image co-ordinates from viewsn: cc ta nh t cc cnh nhn n???; 3-D coordinates: cc ta 3D; camera modell(s): (cc) m hnh (?) my nh)

Php quang trc dng cc phng php t nhiu mn hc gm quang hc (Nd: optics) v hnh hc x nh (Nd: projective geometry). M hnh d liu bn phi cho thy loi thng tin g c th i vo v i ra cc phng php quang trc. Cc ta 3D nh ngha cc v tr ca cc im ca vt th trong khng gian 3D. Cc ta nh nh ngha cc v tr ca cc nh ca cc im ca vt th trn phim hay mt thit b to nh in t (Nd: electronic imaging device). S nh hng bn ngoi ca mt my nh (Nd: camera) nh ngha v tr ca n trong khng gian v hng nhn (Nd: view direction) ca n. S nh hng bn trong nh ngha cc tham s hnh hc (Nd: geometric parameters) ca qu trnh x l to nh (Nd: imaging process). y ch yu l tiu c (Nd: focal length) ca cc thu knh, nhng cng gm s m t ca nhng s mo/ bin dng ca thu knh (Nd: lens distortions). Cc quan st b sung thm na ng mt vai tr quan trng: Vi cc khung t l (Nd: scale bars), v c bn l mt khong cch c bit ca hai im trong khng gian, hay cc im c nh (Nd: fix points) c bit, s kt ni (Nd: connection) n cc n v o lng c bn c to ra. Mi trong s bn bin s chnh c th l mt d liu u vo (Nd: input) hay mt d liu u ra (Nd: output) ca mt phng php quang trc hc. Quang trc hc c nh ngha bi ASPRS nh ngh thut, khoa hc v cng ngh ca vic ly thng tin ng tin cy v cc vt th vt l v mi trng qua cc qu trnh/ phng thc (Nd: processes) ghi nhn (Nd: recording), o v din dch (Nd: interpreting) cc nh chp v cc mu hnh (Nd: patterns) ca nng lng in t bc x c ghi nhn (Nd: recorded radiant electromagnetic energy) v cc hin tng khc.[1]

[edit] Tch phn/ S din dch (Nd: Integration)

Cc d liu quang trc hc vi cc d liu khong cch m c (Nd: dense range data) t cc my qut b sung cho nhau (Nd: complement each other). Quang trc hc th chnh xc hn theo cc hng x v y trong khi cc d liu khong cch th ni chung chnh xc hn theo hng z. D liu khong cch ny c th c cung cp bi cc k thut nh LiDAR, cc my qut laser (Nd: Laser Scanners) (bng cch dng thi gian i (Nd: time of flight), php tam gic c (Nd: triangulation) hay giao thoa (Nd: interferometry)), cc my s ha nh sng trng (Nd: White-light digitizers) v bt k k thut khc no m qut mt khu vc v tr v cc ta x, y, z cho nhiu im ri rc mt lc (Nd: multiple discrete points) (m thng c gi l "cc m my im (Nd: point clouds)"). Cc nh chp c th nh ngha r rng cc cnh ca cc ta nh khi m vic ly vt m my im th khng th (Nd: when the point cloud footprint can not). Vic kt hp cc li th ca c hai h thng v din dch/ ly tch phn n to mt sn phm tt hn th c li (Nd: It is beneficial to incorporate the advantages of both systems and integrate it to create a better product). Mt s hin th 3D (Nd: 3D visualization) c th c to bng cch to nh v tinh tham chiu a l (Nd: georeferencing; ?) cc khng nh/ nh chp trn khng (Nd: aerial photos) v cc d liu LiDAR trong cng khung tham chiu (Nd: reference frame), bng cch chnh thng (Nd: orthorectifying; ?) cc khng nh v sau xp np (Nd: draping) cc hnh c chnh thng (Nd: orthorectified images) ln bn trn ca h li LiDAR (Nd: LiDAR grid). Vic to cc m hnh a hnh k thut s v do l nhng s hin th 3D bng cch dng cc cp (hay nhiu) khng nh hay v tinh mt lc l cng c th c (Nd: It is also possible to create digital terrain models and thus 3D visualisations using pairs (or multiples) of aerial photographs or satellite) (v.d. d liu hnh nh v tinh SPOT (Nd: SPOT satellite imagery)). Cc k thut nh l so khp lp th bnh phng ti thiu thch nghi (Nd: adaptive least squares stereo matching; ?) sau c dng sinh mt mng dy c/ m c (Nd: dense array) nhng s tng ng (Nd: correspondences) m c bin dng/ bin hnh (Nd: transformed) qua mt m hnh my nh (Nd: camera model) sinh mt mng m c cc d liu x, y, z m c th c dng sinh m hnh a hnh k thut s (Nd: digital terrain model) v cc sn phm nh thng (Nd: orthoimage products). Cc h thng m dng cc k thut ny, v.d. h thng ITG c pht trin vo nhng nm 1980 v 1990 nhng k t b ht cng (Nd: but have since been supplanted) bi nhng s tip cn LiDAR v nhng s tip cn c da trn radar (Nd: LiDAR and Radar based approaches), d cc k thut ny c l vn l cc m hnh cao dn xut c ch (Nd: may still be useful deriving elevation models) t cc khng nh v/ hay cc nh v tinh c (Nd: from old aerial photographs and/or satellite images).

[edit] Cc ng dng
Phng php ny thng c dng trong ngnh k s va chm (Nd: collision engineering), c bit l vi cc xe t/ xe hi (nd: automobiles). Khi s kin tng do cc tai nn din ra (Nd: When litigation for accidents occur) v cc k s cn xc nh s

bin dng chnh xc m hin din chic xe, thng thng th vi nm tri qua v bng chng duy nht m cn li l cc nh chp hin trng v n/ hin trng ti c (Nd: crime scene) m c chp bi cnh st. Php quang trc c dng xc nh chic xe hi ang c ni n b bin dng bao nhiu, m lin h n mt lng nng lng m c i hi sinh ra s bin dng . Nng lng sau c th c dng xc nh thng tin quan trng v v ng xe (nh l vn tc vo lc va chm).

[edit] See also

3D data acquisition and object reconstruction Aerial survey Edouard Deville ERDAS IMAGINE Geoinformatics Geomatics engineering Leica Photogrammetry Suite Surveying Photomapping TopoFlight SOCET SET Videogrammetry Computer vision Geofoto

[edit] References
1. ^ ASPRS online

[edit] External links

International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing RSPSoc - Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry Society of UK American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing A real world example of usage in reconstructing destroyed historical statues by using photographs History of Photogrammetry Photogrammetry tutorials from Spain a good collection of resources for photogrammetry and computer vision

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photogrammetry"

Categories: Geodesy | Surveying | Cartography | Measurement | Computer vision | Photogrammetry

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Dch ba xong: 15:46, 28-10-2010.