You are on page 1of 44

Ti liu n thi tt nghip 10-11

CHNG 1: ESTE - CHT BO

Phn 1. Tm tt l thuyt . Bi 1. ESTE . I. Khi nim : Khi thay nhm OH nhm cacboxyl ca axit cacboxylic bng nhm OR th c este Este n chc RCOOR, Trong R l gc hidrocacbon hay H; R l gc hidrocacbon Este no n chc CnH2nO2 ( vi n 2) Tn ca este : Tn gc R+ tn gc axit RCOO (ui at) Vd : CH3COOC2H5 : Etylaxetat CH2=CH- COOCH3 metyl acrylat II.L tnh :- nhit si , tan trong nc thp hn axit v ancol c cng s cacbon : axit > ancol > este -Mt s mi c trng : Isoamyl axetat : mi chui chn ; Etyl butiat ,etyl propionat c mi da III TNH CHT HA HC : a.Thy phn trong mi trng axit :to ra 2 lp cht lng , l phn ng thun nghch (2 chiu )
RCOOR, + H2O t
H 2 SO4 d
o
0

RCOOH + R,OH

b.Thy phn trong mi trng baz ( Phn ng x phng ha ) : l phn ng 1 chiu RCOOR, + NaOH t RCOONa + R,OH * ESTE t chy to thnh CO2 v H2O . nCO = nH O ta suy ra este l este no n chc , h (CnH2nO2) H SO t, IV.IU CH : axit + ancol este + H2O
2 2 2 4 0

RCOOH + ROH RCOOR + H2O . Bi 2. Lipit. I. Khi nim:Lipit l nhng hp cht hu c c trong t bo sng,khng ha tan trong nc nhng tan nhiu trong dung mi hu c khng phn cc. II. Cht bo: 1/ Khi nim: Cht bo l trieste ca glixerol vi axit bo gi chung l triglixerit hay triaxylglixerol. Cng thc:R1COO-CH2 R1,R2,R3: l gc hidrocacbon 2 R COO-CH 3 R COO-CH2 Vd:[CH3(CH2)16COO]3C3H5 : tristearoylglixerol (tristearin) 2/ Tnh cht vt l: - nhit thng,cht bo trng thi lng khi trong phn t c gc hidrocacbon. trng thi rn khi trong phn t c gc hidrocacbon no. 3/ Tnh cht ha hc: H a.Phn ng thy phn: [CH3(CH2)16COO]3C3H5+3H2O 3CH3(CH2)16COOH+C3H5(OH)3 t c. Phn ng cng hidro ca cht bo lng thnh cht bo rn (b nhn to)
H 2 SO t, 4
+ o

(C17H33COO)3C3H5+3H2 175195 C (C17H35COO)3C3H5 lng rn t b. Phn ng x phng ha: [CH3(CH2)16COO]3C3H5 + 3NaOH 3[CH3(CH2)16COONa] +C3H5(OH)3 tristearin Natristearat x phng
0

Ni 0

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1-

Bi 3. Khi nim v x phng v cht git ra tng hp I. X phng 1. Khi nimX phng thng dng l hn hp mui natri hoc mui kali ca axit bo, c thm mt s cht ph gia mui Na ca axit panmitic hoc axit stearic (thnh phn chnh) 2. Phng php sn xut - un cht bo vi dung dch kim trong cc thng kn, toC cao x phng (R-COO)3C3H5 + 3NaOH 3R-COONa + C3H5(OH)3 - Ngy nay, x phng cn c sx theo s sau: Ankan axit cacboxylic mui Na ca axit cacboxylic II. Cht git ra tng hp 1. Khi nim Cht git ra tng hp l nhng cht khng phi l mui Na ca axit cacboxylic nhng c tnh nng git ra nh x phng hoc:Cht git ra tng hp l nhng cht khi dng cng vi nc th c tc dng lm sch cc cht bn bm trn cc vt rn m khng gy ra cc phn ng ho hc vi cc cht 2. Phng php sn xut - Sn xut t du m, theo s sau: Du m axit oexylbenzensunfonic natri oexylbenzensunfonat - Cht git ra tng hp c u im: dng c cho nc cng, v chng t b kt ta bi ion Ca2+ - X phng c nhc im: khi dng vi nc cng lm gim tc dng git ra v nh hng n vi si III. Tc dng ty ra ca x phng v cht git ra tng hp Mui Na trong x phng hay trong cht git ra tng hp lm gim sc cng b mt ca cc cht bn bm trn vi, da,.. Phn 2. Cu hi trc nghim
t oC

Cu 1: S ng phn n chc ng vi cng thc phn t C3H6O2 l A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5. Cu 2: S ng phn n chc ng vi cng thc phn t C4H8O2 l A. 6. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5. Cu 3: Cho tt c cc ng phn n chc, mch h, c cng cng thc phn t C2H4O2 ln lt tc dng vi: Na, NaOH, NaHCO3. S phn ng xy ra l A. 2. B. 5. C. 4. D. 3. Cu 4: Cht X c cng thc phn t C3H6O2, l este ca axit axetic. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l A. C2H5COOH. B. HO-C2H4-CHO. C. CH3COOCH3. D. HCOOC2H5. Cu 5: Hp cht X c cng thc cu to: CH3CH2COOCH3. Tn gi ca X l: A. etyl axetat. B. metyl propionat. C. metyl axetat. D. propyl axetat. Cu 6: Thy phn este E c cng thc phn t C4H8O2 (c mt H2SO4 long) thu c 2 sn phm hu c X v Y. T X c th iu ch trc tip ra Y bng mt phn ng duy nht. Tn gi ca E l: A. metyl propionat. B. propyl fomat. C. ancol etylic. D. etyl axetat. . Cu 7: un nng este HCOOCH3 vi mt lng va dung dch NaOH, sn phm thu c l A. CH3COONa v C2H5OH. B. HCOONa v CH3OH. C. HCOONa v C2H5OH. D. CH3COONa v CH3OH. Cu 8: Thy phn este X trong mi trng kim, thu c natri axetat v ancol etylic. Cng thc ca X l A. C2H3COOC2H5. B. CH3COOCH3. C. C2H5COOCH3. D. CH3COOC2H5. Cu 9: Este metyl acrilat c cng thc l A. CH3COOCH3. B. CH3COOCH=CH2. C. CH2=CHCOOCH3. D. HCOOCH3. Cu 10: Este vinyl axetat c cng thc l A. CH3COOCH3. B. CH3COOCH=CH2. C. CH2=CHCOOCH3. D. HCOOCH3. Cu 11: un nng este CH3COOCH=CH2 vi mt lng va dung dch NaOH, sn phm thu c l A. CH2=CHCOONa v CH3OH. B. CH3COONa v CH3CHO. C. CH3COONa v CH2=CHOH. D. C2H5COONa v CH3OH. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2-

Cu 12: Khi t chy hon ton mt este no, n chc th s mol CO2 sinh ra bng s mol O2 phn ng. Tn gi ca este l A. n-propyl axetat. B. metyl axetat. C. etyl axetat. D. metyl fomiat. Cu 13: Hai cht hu c X1 v X2 u c khi lng phn t bng 60 vC. X1 c kh nng phn ng vi: Na, NaOH, Na2CO3. X2 phn ng vi NaOH (un nng) nhng khng phn ng Na. Cng thc cu to ca X1, X2 ln lt l: A. CH3-COOH, CH3-COO-CH3. B. (CH3)2CH-OH, H-COO-CH3. C. H-COO-CH3, CH3-COOH. D. CH3-COOH, H-COO-CH3. Cu 14: Cho s chuyn ha sau (mi mi tn l mt phng trnh phn ng): Tinh bt X Y Z metyl axetat. Cc cht Y, Z trong s trn ln lt l: A. C2H5OH, CH3COOH. B. CH3COOH, CH3OH. C. CH3COOH, C2H5OH. D. C2H4, CH3COOH. Cu 15: Cho glixerol phn ng vi hn hp axit bo gm C17H35COOH v C15H31COOH, s loi trieste c to ra ti a l A. 6. B. 3. C. 5. D. 4. Cu 16: Cho cc cht: etyl axetat, anilin, ancol etylic, axit acrylic, phenol, phenylamoni clorua, ancol benzylic, p-crezol. Trong cc cht ny, s cht tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH l A. 4. B. 6. C. 5. D. 3. Cu 17: Khi thu phn cht bo trong mi trng kim th thu c mui ca axit bo v A. phenol. B. glixerol. C. ancol n chc. D. este n chc. Cu 18: Khi x phng ha tristearin ta thu c sn phm l A. C15H31COONa v etanol. B. C17H35COOH v glixerol. C. C15H31COOH v glixerol. D. C17H35COONa v glixerol. .Cu 19: Cho 6 gam mt este ca axit cacboxylic no n chc v ancol no n chc phn ng va ht vi 100 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Tn gi ca este l A. etyl axetat. B. propyl fomiat. C. metyl axetat. D. metyl fomiat. Cu 20: X phng ho hon ton 22,2 gam hn hp gm hai este HCOOC2H5 v CH3COOCH3 bng dung dch NaOH 1M (un nng). Th tch dung dch NaOH ti thiu cn dng l A. 400 ml. B. 300 ml. C. 150 ml. D. 200 ml. Cu 21: X phng ho hon ton 17,24 gam cht bo cn va 0,06 mol NaOH. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c khi lng x phng l A. 16,68 gam. B. 18,38 gam. C. 18,24 gam. D. 17,80 gam. Cu 22: X phng ha 8,8 gam etyl axetat bng 200 ml dung dch NaOH 0,2M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, c cn dung dch thu c cht rn khan c khi lng l (cho H = 1, C = 12, O = 16, Na = 23) A. 3,28 gam. B. 8,56 gam. C. 8,2 gam. D. 10,4 gam. Cu 23: Cho dy cc cht: HCHO, CH3COOH, CH3COOC2H5, HCOOH, C2H5OH, HCOOCH3. S cht trong dy tham gia phn ng trng gng l A. 3. B. 6. C. 4. D. 5. Cu 24: Cht X c cng thc phn t C2H4O2, cho cht X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH to ra mui v nc. Cht X thuc loi A. ancol no a chc. B. axit khng no n chc. C. este no n chc. D. axit no n chc. Cu 25: Thu phn hon ton 11,44 gam este no, n chc, mch h X vi 100ml dung dch NaOH 1,3M (va ) thu c 5,98 gam mt ancol Y. Tn gi ca X l A. Etyl fomat B. Etyl axetat C. Etyl propionat D. Propyl axetat Cu 26: Thu phn este X c CTPT C4H8O2 trong dung dch NaOH thu c hn hp hai cht hu c Y v Z trong Y c t khi hi so vi H2 l 16. X c cng thc l A. HCOOC3H7 B. CH3COOC2H5 C. HCOOC3H5 D. C2H5COOCH3 Cu 27: Propyl fomat c iu ch t A. axit fomic v ancol metylic. B. axit fomic v ancol propylic. C. axit axetic v ancol propylic. D. axit propionic v ancol metylic. Cu 28: Hp cht Y c cng thc phn t C4H8O2. Khi cho Y tc dng vi dung dch NaOH sinh ra cht Z c cng thc C3H5O2Na. Cng thc cu to ca Y l A. C2H5COOC2H5. B. CH3COOC2H5. C. C2H5COOCH3. D. HCOOC3H7. Cu 29: Trong phn t este (X) no, n chc, mch h c thnh phn oxi chim 36,36 % khi lng. S ng phn cu to ca X l A. 4. B. 2. C. 3. D. 5. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3-

CHNG 2: GLUCOZ - SACCAROZ - TINH BT XENLULOZ


Phn 1. Tm tt l thuyt . Cacbohidrat l nhng hp cht hu c tp chc v thng c CTC : Cn(H2O)m Cacbohidrat chia lm 3 nhm ch yu : +Monosaccarit l nhm khng b thy phn . vd: glucoz , fuctoz +isaccarit l nhm m khi thy phn mi phn t sinh ra 2 phn t monosaccarit .vd : saccaroz , mantoz +Polisaccarit l nhm m khi thy phn n cng mi phn t sinh ra nhiu phn t monosaccarit . vd : tinh bt , xenluloz . BI 5. GLUCOZ I.L tnh .Trong mu ngi c nng glucoz khng i khong 0,1% . II.Cu to .Glucoz c CTPT : C6H12O6 Glucoz c CTCT : CH2OH-CHOH-CHOH-CHOH-CHOH-CH=O hoc CH2OH[CHOH]4CHO . Glucoz l hp cht tp chc Trong thc t Glucoz tn ti ch yu dng mch vng: dng -glucoz v - glucoz III. Ha tnh . Glucoz c tnh cht andehit v ancol a chc ( poliancol ) . 1/ Tnh cht ca ancol a chc: a/ Tc dng vi Cu(OH)2: nhit thng to phc ng glucoz (dd mu xanh lam- nhn bit glucoz) b/ Phn ng to este: to este cha 5 gc axit axetic 2/ Tnh cht ca andehit: a/ Oxi ha glucoz: + bng dd AgNO3 trong NH3: amoni gluconat v Ag (nhn bit glucoz) + bng Cu(OH)2 mi trng kim: natri gluconat v Cu2O gch (nhn bit glucoz) b/ Kh glucoz bng H2 sobitol 3/ Phn ng ln men: ancol etylic + CO2 IV. 1/ iu ch: trong cng nghip + Thy phn tinh bt + Thy phn xenluloz, xt HCl 2/ ng dng: lm thuc tng lc, trng gng, rut phch, V/ Fructoz: ng phn ca glucoz + CTCT mch h: CH2OH-CHOH-CHOH-CHOH-CO-CH2OH + Tnh cht ancol a chc ( phn ng Cu(OH)2 nhit thng to dd xanh lam) Fructoz
OH

glucoz

+ Trong mi trng baz fructoz chuyn thnh glucoz fructoz b oxi ha bi AgNO3/NH3 v Cu(OH)2 trong mi trng kim. BI 6.SACCAROZ ,TINH BT ,XENLULOZ I. SACCAROZ (ng knh) CTPT: C12H22O11 -Saccaroz la mot isaccarit c cau tao t mot goc glucoz va mot goc fructoz lien ket vi nhau qua nguyen t oxi. -Khong co nhom chc CHO nen khong co phan ng trang bac va khong lam mat mau nc brom. 3. Tnh chat hoa hoc. Co tnh chat cua ancol a chc va co phan ng thuy phan. a) Phan ng vi Cu(OH)2 2C12H22O11+Cu(OH)2(C12H21O11)2Cu+2H2O mau xanh lam
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4-

H ,t b) Phan ng thuy phan.C12H22O11+H2O C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 b) ng dung: dung e trang gng, trang phch. II.TINH BOT 1. Tnh chat vat l:La chat ran, dang bot vo nh hnh, mau trang, khong tan trong nc lanh 2. Cau truc phan t: Tinh bt thuc loi polisaccarit, Phan t tinh bot gom nhiu mat xch glucoz lien ket vi nhau v c CTPT : (C6H10O5)n . Cc mt xch -glucoz lien ket vi nhau to hai dang: -Danh lo xo khong phan nhanh (amiloz). -Dang lo xo phan nhanh (amilopectin). Tinh bt ( trong cc ht ng cc , cc loi c ) Mch tinh bt khng ko di m xon li thnh ht c l rng 3. Tnh chat hoa hoc. a) Phan ng thuy phan: tinh bot b thuy phan thanh glucoz. H ,t (C6H10O5)n + nH2O n C6H12O6 dng nhn bit iot hoc tinh bt. b) Phan ng mu vi iot:Tao thanh hp chat co mau xanh tm III. XENLULOZ 1. Tnh chat vat l, trang thai t nhien. -Xenluloz la chat ran dang si, mau trang, khong tan trong nc va dung moi hu c, nhng tan trong nc Svayde (dd thu dc khi ha tan Cu(OH)2 trong amoniac) . -Bng nn c gn 98% xenluloz 2. Cau truc phan t: - Xenluloz l mt polisaccarit, phn t gm nhieu goc -glucoz lien ket vi nhau -CT : (C6H10O5)n hay [C6H7O2(OH)3]n c cu to mch khng phn nhnh . 3. Tnh chat hoa hoc: H ,t a) Phan ng thuy phan: (C6H10O5)n + nH2O nC6H12O6 H SO d,t b) Phan ng vi axit nitric [C6H7O2(OH)3]n + 3nHNO3(ac) [C6H7O2(ONO2)3]n + 3nH2O Xenluloz trinitrat rat de chay va no manh khong sinh ra khoi nen c dung lam thuoc sung khong khoi. Phn 2. Cu hi trc nghim
+ 0 + o + o 2 4 0

Cu 1: Trong phn t ca cacbohyrat lun c A. nhm chc axit. B. nhm chc xeton. C. nhm chc ancol. D. nhm chc anehit. Cu 2: Cht thuc loi isaccarit l A. glucoz. B. saccaroz. C. xenluloz. D. fructoz. Cu 3: Hai cht ng phn ca nhau l A. glucoz v mantoz. B. fructoz v glucoz. C. fructoz v mantoz. D. saccaroz v glucoz. Cu 4: Trong iu kin thch hp glucoz ln men to thnh kh CO2 v A. C2H5OH. B. CH3COOH. C. HCOOH. D. CH3CHO. Cu 5: Saccaroz v glucoz u c A. phn ng vi AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3, un nng. B. phn ng vi dung dch NaCl. C. phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 nhit thng to thnh dung dch xanh lam. D. phn ng thu phn trong mi trng axit. Cu 6: Cho s chuyn ho: Glucoz X Y CH3COOH. Hai cht X, Y ln lt l A. CH3CHO v CH3CH2OH. B. CH3CH2OH v CH3CHO. C. CH3CH(OH)COOH v CH3CHO. D. CH3CH2OH v CH2=CH2. Cu 7: Cht tham gia phn ng trng gng l ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5-

A. xenluloz. B. tinh bt. C. fructoz. D. saccaroz. Cu 8: Cht khng phn ng vi AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3, un nng to thnh Ag l A. C6H12O6 (glucoz). B. CH3COOH. C. HCHO. D. HCOOH. Cu 9: Dy gm cc dung dch u tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 l A. glucoz, glixerol, ancol etylic. B. glucoz, andehit fomic, natri axetat. C. glucoz, glixerol, axit axetic. D. glucoz, glixerol, natri axetat. Cu 10: chng minh trong phn t ca glucoz c nhiu nhm hiroxyl, ngi ta cho dung dch glucoz phn ng vi A. Cu(OH)2 trong NaOH, un nng. B. AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3, un nng. C. Cu(OH)2 nhit thng. D. kim loi Na. Cu 11: Khi ln men 360 gam glucoz vi hiu sut 100%, khi lng ancol etylic thu c l A. 184 gam. B. 276 gam. C. 92 gam. D. 138 gam. Cu 12: Cho m gam glucoz ln men thnh ru etylic vi hiu sut 80%. Hp th hon ton kh CO2 sinh ra vo nc vi trong d thu c 20 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l A. 14,4 B. 45. C. 11,25 D. 22,5 Cu 13: un nng dung dch cha 27 gam glucoz vi AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3 (d) th khi lng Ag ti a thu c l A. 16,2 gam. B. 10,8 gam. C. 21,6 gam. D. 32,4 gam. Cu 14: Cho 50ml dung dch glucoz cha r nng tc dng vi mt lng d AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3 thu c 2,16 gam bc kt ta. Nng mol (hoc mol/l) ca dung dch glucoz dng l (Cho Ag = 108) A. 0,20M B. 0,01M C. 0,02M D. 0,10M Cu 15: Tinh bt, xenluloz, saccaroz, mantoz u c kh nng tham gia phn ng A. ho tan Cu(OH)2. B. trng ngng. C. trng gng. D. thy phn. Cu 16: Mt cht khi thy phn trong mi trng axit, un nng khng to ra glucoz. Cht l A. protit. B. saccaroz. C. tinh bt. D. xenluloz. Cu 17: Cho dy cc cht: glucoz, xenluloz, saccaroz, tinh bt, fructoz. S cht trong dy tham gia phn ng trng gng l A. 3. B. 4. C. 2. D. 5. Cu 18: Cho cc cht: ancol etylic, glixerol, glucoz, imetyl ete v axit fomic. S cht tc dng c vi Cu(OH)2 l A. 3. B. 1. C. 4. D. 2. Cu 19: Phn t khi trung bnh ca xenluloz l 1620 000. Gi tr n trong cng thc (C6H10O5)n l A. 10000 B. 8000 C. 9000 D. 7000 Cu 20: Trong cc cht sau: axit axetic, glixerol, glucoz, ancol etylic, xenluloz. S cht ha tan c Cu(OH)2 nhit thng l A. 3 B. 5 C. 1 D. 4 Cu 21: Cho cc dung dch sau: saccaroz, glucoz, anehit axetic, glixerol, ancol etylic, axetilen, fructoz. S lng dung dch c th tham gia phn ng trng gng l A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 2. Cu 22: Khi thy phn saccaroz th thu c A. ancol etylic. B. glucoz v fructoz. C. glucoz. D. fructoz. Cu 23: Cng thc no sau y l ca xenluloz? A. [C6H7O2(OH)3]n. B. [C6H8O2(OH)3]n. C. [C6H7O3(OH)3]n. D. [C6H5O2(OH)3]n. Cu 24: Dy cc cht no sau y u c phn ng thu phn trong mi trng axit? A. Tinh bt, xenluloz, glucoz. B. Tinh bt, xenluloz, fructoz. C. Tinh bt, xenluloz, saccaroz. D. Tinh bt, saccaroz, fructoz

CHNG 3: AMIN - AMINOAXIT - PEPTIT - PROTEIN AMIN - ANILIN


Phn 1. Tm tt l thuyt . Tc nhn Amin bc 1 R NH2 C6H5 NH2 H2 O to dd Tnh cht ha hc Amino axit protein H2N-CH-COOH . . .NH-CH-CO-NH-CH-CO. .. R R R -

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6-

axit HCl

baz to mui

to mui -

to mui to mui

Bazo tan(NaOH) Ancol ROH/ HCl + Br2/H2O t0, xt Cu(OH)2 -

to mui hoc b thy phn khi nung nng thy phn khi nung nng

to kt ta - v - aminoaxit tham gia phn ng trng ng ng

--t o hp cht mu tm

BI 9. AMIN 1/ Khi nim: Khi thay th nguyn t H trong phn t NH3 bng gc Hirocacbon ta thu c amin. Vd: NH3, CH3NH2, C6H5NH2, CH3-NH-CH3 xiclohexylamin 2/ ng phn:Amin thng c ng phn v mch Cacbon, v tr ca nhm chc, bc amin. Vd: C4H11NC 8 ng phn : 3/ Phn loi: theo hai cch a. Theo gc horcacbon: amin bo:CH3NH2, C2H5NH2.. v Amin thm: C6H5NH2, b. Theo bc amin: Amin bc 1: R-NH2 , Amin bc 2: R-NH-R1 , Amin bc 3: R- N-R1 4/ Danh php: R3 a. Tn gc chc: Tn gc H-C tng ng + amin Vd: CH3-NH2 Metyl amin , C6H5NH2 phnyl amin b. Tn thay th: Tn H-C + v tr nhm chc+ amin,Nu mch c nhnh gi tn nhnh trc II. Tnh cht vt l Amin c phn t khi nh Mtyl amin, tyl amin l cht kh, mi khai, tan nhiu trong nc Phn t khi cng tng th:-Nhit si tng dn v tan trong nc gim dn 2. Tnh cht ha hc: a. Tnh baz: - Cc amin mch h tan nhiu trong nc v dd lm qu tm ha xanh ( lm hng phenolphtalein ) . - Anilin v cc amin thm khc khng lm i mu qu tm - Tc dng vi axt: CH3NH2 + HCl CH3NH3Cl C6H5NH2 + HCl C6H5NH3Cl So snh lc baz :
CH3_NH2 >NH3 > NH2
NH2

b. Phn ng th nhn thm ca anilin

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7-

NH2 Br +3 Br 2 H2O

NH2 Br +3 HBr Br

Phn ng ny dng nhn bit anilin *Ch : Amin no n chc : CnH2n+3N v Amin no n chc , bc 1 : CnH2n+1NH2 BI 10 : AMINO AXIT 1. Khi nim: Amino axit l loi hp cht hu c tp chc, phn t cha ng thi nhm amino (NH2) v nhm cacboxyl (COOH).
CH3 CH NH2 COOH

(2,4,6-tribromanilin)

alanin

- Tn amino axit l: Tn axit tng ng c thm tip u ng amino v ch ci Hy Lp , , hoc v tr cha nhm NH2. 1. Cu to phn t: - Phn t amino axit c nhm cacboxyl (COOH) th hin tnh axit v nhm amino (NH2) th hin tnh baz - iu kin thng chng l cht rn kt tinh, d tan trong nc v c nhit nng chy cao 2. Tnh cht ha hc: a/ Tnh cht lng tnh:
HOOC CH2NH2 HCl HOOC CH2 NH3Cl

H2N

CH2COOH NaOH

H2N

CH2

COONa

H2O

b/ Tnh axit-baz ca dung dch amino axit: c/ Phn ng ring ca nhm COOH: phn ng este ha. d/ Phn ng trng ngng:
nH2N [CH2]5 COOH to ( NH [CH2]5 CO )n H2 O

axit -aminocaproic

policaproamit

Lu : cc axit c gc amino gn v tr , , khng cho phn ng trng ngng III. ng dng:- Amino axit dng lm nguyn liu iu ch t nilon-6 Bi 11. I/peptit 1/ khi nim -Peptit l loi hp cht cha t 2 n 50 gc -amino axit lin kt vi nhau bi cc lin kt peptit. - Nhng phn t peptit cha 2, 3, 4, gc -amino axit c gi l i-, tri-, tetrapeptit,Nhng phn t peptit cha nhiu gc -amino axit ( trn 10) c gi l polipeptit Vd: hai ipeptit t alanin v glyxin l : Ala Gly v Gly-Ala . 2/ Tnh cht ho hc a)Phn ng thu phn peptit c th b thy phn hon ton thnh cc -amino axit nh xt : axit hoc baz: Peptit c th b thy phn khng hon ton thnh cc peptit ngn hn b)Phn ng mu biur Trong mi trng kim , peptit p vi Cu(OH)2 cho hp cht mu tm
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8-

II/PROTEIN 1/khi nim Protein l nhng polipeptit cao phn t c phn t khi t vi chc nghn n vi triu -protein n gin Vd:anbumin,fibroin ca t tm , -protein phc tp Vd:nucleoprotein,lipoprotein cha cht bo 2/ Cu to phn t Phn t protein c cu to bi nhiu gc a min oaxit ni vi nhau bng lin kt peptit (- NH - CH- CO-)n n > 50 Ri 3/tnh cht : protein c p mu biure vi Cu(OH)2 mu tm III/Enzim a)khi nim Enzim l nhng cht hu ht c bn cht protein ,c kh nng xc tc cho cc qu trnh ho hc ,c bit trong c th sinh vt b)c im ca xc tc enzim -Hot ng xt ca ezim c tnh chn lc rt cao : mi enzim ch xt cho mt s chuyn ha nht nh . -Tc p nh xt ezim rt ln , thng ln gp t 109 n 1011 ln tc ca cng phn ng nh xt ha hc . 2/ Axit nucleic a) khi nim Axit nucleic l polieste ca axit photphoric v pentoz . b) C 2 loi quan trng: AND,ARN c) vai tr Axit nucleic c vai tr quan trng bc nht trong cc hot ng sng ca c th , nh s tng hp protein, s chuyn cc thng tin di truyn AND cha cc thng tinh di truyn , m ha cho hot ng sinh trng v pht trin ca cc c th sng . ARN ch yu nm trong t bo cht , tham gia vo qu trnh gii m thng tin di truyn Phn 2. Cu hi trc nghim
Cu1: S ng phn amin bc mt ng vi cng thc phn t C4H11N l A. 4. B. 3. C. 2. D. 5. Cu 2: C bao nhiu amin cha vng benzen c cng cng thc phn t C7H9N ? A. 3 amin. B. 5 amin. C. 6 amin. D. 7 amin. Cu 3: Anilin c cng thc l A. CH3COOH. B. C6H5OH. C. C6H5NH2. D. CH3OH. Cu 4: Trong cc cht sau, cht no l amin bc 2? A. H2N-[CH2]6NH2 B. CH3CH(CH3)NH2 C. CH3NHCH3 D. C6H5NH2 Cu 5: C bao nhiu amin bc hai c cng cng thc phn t C5H13N ? A. 4 amin. B. 5 amin. C. 6 amin. D. 7 amin. Cu 6: Trong cc tn gi di y, cht no c lc baz mnh nht ? A. NH3 B. C6H5CH2NH2 C. C6H5NH2 D. (CH3)2NH Cu 7: Trong cc tn gi di y, cht no c lc baz yu nht ? A. C6H5NH2 B. C6H5CH2NH2 C. (C6H5)2NH D. NH3 Cu 8: Trong cc tn gi di y, tn no ph hp vi cht C6H5-CH2-NH2? A. Phenylamin. B. Benzylamin. C. Anilin. D. Phenylmetylamin. Cu 9: Trong cc cht di y, cht no c tnh baz mnh nht ? A. C6H5NH2. B. (C6H5)2NH C. p-CH3-C6H4-NH2. D. C6H5-CH2-NH2 Cu 10: Cht khng c kh nng lm xanh nc qu tm l A. Anilin B. Natri hiroxit. C. Natri axetat. D. Amoniac. Cu 11: Cht khng phn ng vi dung dch NaOH l A. C6H5NH3Cl. B. C6H5CH2OH. C. p-CH3C6H4OH. D. C6H5OH. Cu 12: Dy gm cc cht u lm giy qu tm m chuyn sang mu xanh l: ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9-

A. anilin, metyl amin, amoniac. B. amoni clorua, metyl amin, natri hiroxit. C. anilin, amoniac, natri hiroxit. D. metyl amin, amoniac, natri axetat. Cu 13: Kt ta xut hin khi nh dung dch brom vo A. ancol etylic. B. benzen. C. anilin. D. axit axetic. Cu 14: Anilin (C6H5NH2) phn ng vi dung dch A. NaOH. B. HCl. C. Na2CO3. D. NaCl. Cu 15: C 3 cht lng benzen, anilin, stiren, ng ring bit trong 3 l mt nhn. Thuc th phn bit 3 cht lng trn l A. dung dch phenolphtalein. B. nc brom. C. dung dch NaOH. D. giy qu tm. Cu 16: Anilin (C6H5NH2) v phenol (C6H5OH) u c phn ng vi A. dung dch NaCl. B. dung dch HCl. C. nc Br2. D. dung dch NaOH. Cu 17: Dung dch metylamin trong nc lm A. qu tm khng i mu. B. qu tm ha xanh. C. phenolphtalein ho xanh. D. phenolphtalein khng i mu. Cu 18: Cht c tnh baz l A. CH3NH2. B. CH3COOH. C. CH3CHO. D. C6H5OH. Cu 19: Cho 9,3 gam anilin (C6H5NH2) tc dng va vi axit HCl. Khi lng mui thu c l A. 11,95 gam. B. 12,95 gam. C. 12,59 gam. D. 11,85 gam. Cu 20: Cho anilin tc dng va vi dung dch HCl thu c 38,85 gam mui. Khi lng anilin phn ng l A. 18,6g B. 9,3g C. 37,2g D. 27,9g. Cu21: Trung ha 11,8 gam mt amin n chc cn 200 ml dung dch HCl 1M. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C2H5N B. CH5N C. C3H9N D. C3H7N Cu 22: trung ha 20 gam dung dch ca mt amin n chc X nng 22,5% cn dng 100ml dung dch HCl 1M. Cng thc phn t ca X l (Cho H = 1; C = 12; N = 14) A. C2H7N B. CH5N C. C3H5N D. C3H7N Cu 23: Cho 10 gam amin n chc X phn ng hon ton vi HCl (d), thu c 15 gam mui. S ng phn cu to ca X l A. 8. B. 7. C. 5. D. 4. Cu24: t chy hon ton 0,2 mol metylamin (CH3NH2), sinh ra V lt kh N2 ( ktc). Gi tr ca V l A. 4,48. B. 1,12. C. 2,24. D. 3,36. Cu 25: Mt amin n chc c cha 31,111%N v khi lng. Cng thc phn t v s ng phn ca amin tng ng l A. CH5N; 1 ng phn. B. C2H7N; 2 ng phn. C. C3H9N; 4 ng phn. D. C4H11N; 8 ng phn. Cu26: Cho 11,25 gam C2H5NH2 tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch HCl x(M). Sau khi phn ng xong thu c dung dch c cha 22,2 gam cht tan. Gi tr ca x l A. 1,3M B. 1,25M C. 1,36M D. 1,5M Cu 27: Ba cht lng: C2H5OH, CH3COOH, CH3NH2 ng trong ba l ring bit. Thuc th dng phn bit ba cht trn l A. qu tm. B. kim loi Na. C. dung dch Br2. D. dung dch NaOH. Cu 28. Dy gm cc cht c xp theo chiu tnh baz gim dn t tri sang phi l A. CH3NH2, NH3, C6H5NH2. B. CH3NH2, C6H5NH2, NH3. C. C6H5NH2, NH3, CH3NH2. D. NH3, CH3NH2, C6H5NH2. Cu 29: Cho dy cc cht: phenol, anilin, phenylamoni clorua, natri phenolat, etanol. S cht trong dy phn ng c vi NaOH (trong dung dch) l A. 3. B. 2. C. 1. D. 4. Cu 30: Cht lm giy qu tm m chuyn thnh mu xanh l A. C2H5OH. B. CH3NH2. C. C6H5NH2. D. NaCl.

AMINOAXIT PEPTIT - PROTEIN


Cu 1: Amino axit l hp cht hu c trong phn t A. cha nhm cacboxyl v nhm amino. B. ch cha nhm amino. C. ch cha nhm cacboxyl. D. ch cha nit hoc cacbon. Cu 2: C bao nhiu amino axit c cng cng thc phn t C4H9O2N? A. 3 cht. B. 4 cht. C. 5 cht. D. 6 cht. Cu 3: C bao nhiu amino axit c cng cng thc phn t C3H7O2N? A. 3 cht. B. 4 cht. C. 2 cht. D. 1 cht. Cu 4: Trong cc tn gi di y, tn no khng ph hp vi cht CH3CH(NH2)COOH ? ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10-

A. Axit 2-aminopropanoic. B. Axit -aminopropionic. C. Anilin. D. Alanin. Cu 5: Trong cc cht di y, cht no l glixin? A. H2N-CH2-COOH B. CH3CH(NH2)COOH C. HOOC-CH2CH(NH2)COOH D. H2NCH2-CH2COOH Cu 6: Dung dch ca cht no sau y khng lm i mu qu tm : A. Glixin (CH2NH2-COOH) B. Lizin (H2NCH2-[CH2]3CH(NH2)-COOH) C. Axit glutamic (HOOCCH2CHNH2COOH) D. Natriphenolat (C6H5ONa) Cu 7: Cht X va tc dng c vi axit, va tc dng c vi baz. Cht X l A. CH3COOH. B. H2NCH2COOH. C. CH3CHO. D. CH3NH2. Cu 8: Cht no sau y va tc dng c vi H2NCH2COOH, va tc dng c vi CH3NH2? A. NaCl. B. HCl. C. CH3OH. D. NaOH. Cu 9: Cht rn khng mu, d tan trong nc, kt tinh iu kin thng l A. C6H5NH2. B. C2H5OH. C. H2NCH2COOH. D. CH3NH2. Cu 10: Cht tham gia phn ng trng ngng l A. C2H5OH. B. CH2 = CHCOOH. C. H2NCH2COOH. D. CH3COOH. Cu 11: Cho dy cc cht: C6H5NH2 (anilin), H2NCH2COOH, CH3CH2COOH, CH3CH2CH2NH2, C6H5OH (phenol). S cht trong dy tc dng c vi dung dch HCl l A. 4. B. 2. C. 3. D. 5. Cu 12: chng minh aminoaxit l hp cht lng tnh ta c th dng phn ng ca cht ny ln lt vi A. dung dch KOH v dung dch HCl. B. dung dch NaOH v dung dch NH3. C. dung dch HCl v dung dch Na2SO4 . D. dung dch KOH v CuO. Cu 13: Axit aminoaxetic (H2NCH2COOH) tc dng c vi dung dch A. NaNO3. B. NaCl. C. NaOH. D. Na2SO4. Cu 14: Dung dch ca cht no trong cc cht di y khng lm i mu qu tm ? A. CH3NH2. B. NH2CH2COOH C. HOOCCH2CH2CH(NH2)COOH. D. CH3COONa. Cu 15: phn bit 3 dung dch H2NCH2COOH, CH3COOH v C2H5NH2 ch cn dng mt thuc th l A. dung dch NaOH. B. dung dch HCl. C. natri kim loi. D. qu tm. Cu 16: C cc dung dch ring bit sau: C6H5-NH3Cl (phenylamoni clorua), H2N-CH2-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH, ClH3N-CH2-COOH, HOOC-CH2-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH, H2N-CH2-COONa. S lng cc dung dch c pH < 7 l A. 2. B. 5. C. 4. D. 3. Cu 17: Glixin khng tc dng vi A. H2SO4 long. B. CaCO3. C. C2H5OH. D. NaCl. Cu 18: Cho 7,5 gam axit aminoaxetic (H2N-CH2-COOH) phn ng ht vi dung dch HCl. Sau phn ng, khi lng mui thu c l (Cho H = 1, C = 12, O = 16, Cl = 35, 5) A. 43,00 gam. B. 44,00 gam. C. 11,05 gam. D. 11,15 gam. Cu19: Trong phn t aminoaxit X c mt nhm amino v mt nhm cacboxyl. Cho 15,0 gam X tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH, c cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 19,4 gam mui khan. Cng thc ca X l A. H2NC3H6COOH. B. H2NCH2COOH. C. H2NC2H4COOH. D. H2NC4H8COOH. Cu 20: 1 mol - amino axit X tc dng va ht vi 1 mol HCl to ra mui Y c hm lng clo l 28,287% Cng thc cu to ca X l A. CH3-CH(NH2)COOH B. H2N-CH2-CH2-COOH C. H2N-CH2-COOH D. H2N-CH2-CH(NH2 )-COOH Cu 21: Este A c iu ch t ancol metylic v amino axit no B(cha mt nhm amino v mt nhm cacboxyl). T khi hi ca A so vi oxi l 2,78125. Amino axit B l A. axit amino fomic. B. axit aminoaxetic. C. axit glutamic. D. axit -amino propionic. Cu 22: C 0,01 mol aminoaxit (A) phn ng va vi 40 ml dung dch NaOH 0,25M. Mt khc 1,5 gam aminoaxit (A) phn ng va vi 80 ml dung dch NaOH 0,25M. Khi lng phn t ca A l A. 150. B. 75. C. 105. D. 89. Cu 23: Mt - amino axit X ch cha 1 nhm amino v 1 nhm cacboxyl. Cho 10,68 gam X tc dng vi HCl d thu c 15,06 gam mui. Tn gi ca X l A. axit glutamic. B. valin. C. alanin. D. glixin Cu 24: T glyxin (Gly) v alanin (Ala) c th to ra my cht ipeptit ? A. 1 cht. B. 2 cht. C. 3 cht. D. 4 cht. Cu 25: Sn phm cui cng ca qu trnh thy phn cc protein n gin nh cht xc tc thch hp l A. -aminoaxit. B. -aminoaxit. C. axit cacboxylic. D. este. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11-

CHNG 4: POLIME - VT LIU POLIME


PHN 1. Tm tt l thuyt . BI 13. DI CNG V POLIME. I. KHI NIM Polime l nhng hp cht c phn t khi rt ln do nhiu n v c s (gi l mt xch) lin kt vi nhau to nn. - Th d: polietilen: (CH2 - CH2 )n , xenluloz : (C6H10O5)n *Phn loi : **Theo ngun gc : -polime tng hp :Vd: polietilen -Polime thin nhin : vd : tinh bt -Polime bn tng hp : vd : t visco **Theo cch tng hp : -Polime trng hp :vd : polipropilen -Polime trng ngng : vd : nilon-6,6 III.TNH CHT VT L -Cht nhit do : polime nng chy , ngui thnh rn . -Cht nhit rn : polime khng nng chy , m b phn hy . IV.TNH CHT HA HC 1/ Phn ng phn ct mch polime - Polime c nhm chc trong mch d b thy phn Th d : tinh bt , xenluloz b thy phn thnh glucoz 2/ Phn ng gi nguyn mch polime Nhng polime c lin kt i trong mch hoc nhm chc ngoi mch c th tham gia cc phn ng c trng 3/ Phn ng tng mch polime ( phn ng khu mch polime ) Khi c iu kin thch hp cc mch polime c th ni vi nhau BI 14. VT LIU POLIME . I. Cht do: 1. Khi nim v cht do v vt liu compozit * Cht do l nhng cht liu polime c tnh do. - Thnh phn: polime Cht n, cht ho do, cht ph gia. *Vt liu Com pozit l vt liu hn hp gm t nht 2 thnh phn phn tn vo nhau m khng ho tan vo nhau. Thnh phn: Cht nn (polime) Cht n, si bt (silicat), bt nh (CaCO3 ) 2. Mt s polime dng lm cht do: a/ Polietilen: (P.E) b/ poli (Vinylclorua) (PVC) c/ poli(metyl metacrylat) thu tinh hu c (plexiglas) CH3 ( CH2 C )
n

COOCH3 d/ poli (phenol-fomandehit) (P.P.F) II. T: 1. Khi nim T l nhng vt liu polime hnh si di v mnh, bn nht nh. 2. Phn loi: c 2 loi - T t nhin: Len, t tm, bng - T ho hc
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12-

+ T tng hp: Ch to t polime tng hp: tpoliamit, vinylic + T bn tng hp: (t nhn to): ch to t polime thin nhin nh t visco, xenluloz axetat. 3. Mt s loi t tng hp thng gp: a/ T nilon-6.6 b/ T nitron (olon)
RCOOR`

n CH2= CH
CN

(CH2-CH )

CN poliacrilonnitrin

III. Cao su: 1. Khi nim: Cao su l vt liu polime c tnh n hi. 2. Phn loi: C 2 loi: cao su thin nhin v cao su tng hp a/ Cao su thin nhin: ly t m cy cao su - Cu to: l polime ca isopren. ( CH2-C=CH-CH2 ) n
CH3

b/ Cao su tng hp: + cao su buna v Cao su buna-S v cao su buna-N IV. Keo dn tng hp. 1/ Khi nim: Keo dn l loi vt liu c kh nng kt dnh 2 mnh vt liu rn ging hoc khc nhau m khng lm bin i bn cht ca vt liu c kt dnh. 2. Mt s loi keo dn tng hp thng dng: C/ Keo dn ure-fomandehit a/ Nha v sm: l dung dch c ca cao su trong dung mi hu c b/ keo dn epoxi: lm t polime c cha nhm epoxi Phn 2. Cu hi trc nghim
Cu 1: Polivinyl clorua c cng thc l A. (-CH2-CHCl-)2. B. (-CH2-CH2-)n. C. (-CH2-CHBr-)n. D. (-CH2-CHF-)n. Cu 2: Cht khng c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng hp l A. stiren. B. isopren. C. propen. D. toluen. Cu 3: Cht c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng hp l A. propan. B. propen. C. etan. D. toluen. Cu 4: Qu trnh nhiu phn t nh (monome) kt hp vi nhau thnh phn t ln (polime) ng thi gii phng nhng phn t nc gi l phn ng A. nhit phn. B. trao i. C. trng hp. D. trng ngng. Cu 5: Tn gi ca polime c cng thc (-CH2-CH2-)n l A. polivinyl clorua. B. polietilen. C. polimetyl metacrylat. D. polistiren. Cu 6: T monome nao sau y co th iu ch c poli(vinyl ancol)? A. CH2=CH-COOCH3. B. CH2=CH-OCOCH3. C. CH2=CH-COOC2H5. D. CH2=CH-CH2OH. Cu 7: Cht tham gia phn ng trng hp to ra polime l A. CH3-CH2-Cl. B. CH3-CH3. C. CH2=CH-CH3. D. CH3-CH2-CH3. Cu 8: Monome c dng iu ch polietilen l A. CH2=CH-CH3. B. CH2=CH2. C. CHCH. D. CH2=CH-CH=CH2. Cu 9: Dy gm cc cht c dng tng hp cao su Buna-S l: A. CH2=C(CH3)-CH=CH2, C6H5CH=CH2. B. CH2=CH-CH=CH2, C6H5CH=CH2. C. CH2=CH-CH=CH2, lu hunh. D. CH2=CH-CH=CH2, CH3-CH=CH2. Cu 10: Cho cc polime sau: (-CH2 CH2-)n ; (- CH2- CH=CH- CH2-)n ; (- NH-CH2 -CO-)n Cng thc ca cc monome khi trng hp hoc trng ngng to ra cc polime trn ln lt l A. CH2=CHCl, CH3-CH=CH-CH3, CH3- CH(NH2)- COOH. B. CH2=CH2, CH2=CH-CH= CH2, NH2- CH2- COOH. C. CH2=CH2, CH3- CH=C= CH2, NH2- CH2- COOH. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13-

D. CH2=CH2, CH3- CH=CH-CH3, NH2- CH2- CH2- COOH. Cu 11: Trong s cc loi t sau: (1) [-NH-(CH2)6-NH-OC-(CH2)4-CO-]n (2) [-NH-(CH2)5-CO-]n (3) [C6H7O2(OOC-CH3)3]n . T nilon-6,6 l A. (1). B. (1), (2), (3). C. (3). D. (2). Cu 12: Polivinyl axetat (hoc poli(vinyl axetat)) l polime c iu ch bng phn ng trng hp A. C2H5COO-CH=CH2. B. CH2=CH-COO-C2H5. C. CH3COO-CH=CH2. D. CH2=CH-COO-CH3. Cu 13: Nilon6,6 l mt loi A. t axetat. B. t poliamit. C. polieste. D. t visco. Cu 14: Polime dng ch to thu tinh hu c (plexiglas) c iu ch bng phn ng trng hp A. CH2=C(CH3)COOCH3. B. CH2 =CHCOOCH3. C. C6H5CH=CH2. D. CH3COOCH=CH2. Cu 15: Polivinyl clorua (PVC) iu ch t vinyl clorua bng phn ng A. trao i. B. oxi ho - kh. C. trng hp. D. trng ngng. Cu 16: Cng thc cu to ca polibutaien l A. (-CF2-CF2-)n. B. (-CH2-CHCl-)n. C. (-CH2-CH2-)n. D. (-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-)n. Cu 17: T c sn xut t xenluloz l A. t tm. B. t capron. C. t nilon-6,6. D. t visco. Cu 18: Monome c dng iu ch polipropilen l A. CH2=CH-CH3. B. CH2=CH2. C. CHCH. D. CH2=CH-CH=CH2. Cu 19: T c sn xut t xenluloz l A. t visco. B. t nilon-6,6. C. t tm. D. t capron. Cu 20: T capron thuc loai A. t poliamit. B. t visco. C. t polieste. D. t axetat. Cu 21: T nilon - 6,6 c iu ch bng phn ng trng ngng A. HOOC-(CH2)2-CH(NH2)-COOH. B. HOOC-(CH2)4-COOH v HO-(CH2)2-OH. C. HOOC-(CH2)4-COOH v H2N-(CH2)6-NH2. D. H2N-(CH2)5-COOH. Cu 22: Cho s chuyn ho: Glucoz X Y Cao su Buna. Hai cht X, Y ln lt l A. CH3CH2OH v CH3CHO. B. CH3CH2OH v CH2=CH2. C. CH2CH2OH v CH3-CH=CH-CH3. D. CH3CH2OH v CH2=CH-CH=CH2. Cu 23: Cao su buna c to thnh t buta-1,3-ien bng phn ng A. trng hp B. trng ngng C. cng hp D. phn ng th Cu 24: Cng thc phn t ca cao su thin nhin A. ( C5H8)n B. ( C4H8)n C. ( C4H6)n D. ( C2H4)n Cu 25: T nilon -6,6 thuc loi A. t nhn to. B. t bn tng hp. C. t thin nhin. D. t tng hp. Cu26. Trong cc loi t di y, t nhn to l A. t visco. B. t capron. C. t nilon -6,6. D. t tm. Cu 27. Teflon l tn ca mt polime c dng lm A. cht do. B. t tng hp. C. cao su tng hp. D. keo dn. Cu 28: Phn t khi trung bnh ca PVC l 750000. H s polime ho ca PVC l A. 12.000 B. 15.000 C. 24.000 D. 25.000

CHNG 5: I CNG KIM LOI V TR CA KIM LOI TRONG HTTH


PHN 1. Tm tt l thuyt . BI 17. V TR CA KIM LOI TRONG BTH . I. V tr ca kim loi trong bng h thng tun hon: _ Nhm IA ( tr hidro), nhm IIA, nhm IIIA( tr bo) v mt phn ca nhm IVA,VA,VIA. _ Cc nguyn t nhm B ( t IB n VIIIB). _ H latan v actini. II. Cu to ca kim loi: 1. cu to nguyn t: Nguyn t ca hu ht cc nguyn t kim loi iu c t electron lp ngoi cng ( 1,2 hoc 3).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------14-

2. Cu to tinh th: nhit thng cc kim loi th gn v c cu to tinh th( tr thy ngn th lng). Tinh th kim loi c 3 kiu mng tinh th ph bin sau: a) Mng tinh th lc phng: V d: Be,Mg,Zn, b) Mng tinh th lp phng tm din: V d: Li,Na,K, c) Mng tinh th lp phng tm khi: V d: Cu,Ag,Al, 3. Lin kt kim loi: L lin kt c hnh thnh gia cc nguyn t v ion kim loi trong mng tinh th do s tham gia ca cc electron t do BI 18. TNH CHT CA KIM LOI . DY IN HA CA KIM LOI . I TNH CHT VT L . 1 .Tnh cht vt l chung . iu kin thng cc kim loi u trng thi rn (tr Hg) c tnh do dn in ,dn nhit v nh kim . Tm li ;tnh cht vt l chung ca kim loi gy nn bi s c mt ca cc e t do trong mng tinh th kim loi II TNH CHT HO HC Tnh cht ho hc chung ca kim loi l tnh kh M Mn+ + ne 1 Tc dng vi phi kim t a/ Vi clo 2Fe + 3 Cl2 2 FeCl3 . t b/ Vi Oxi 3Fe + 2O2 Fe3O4 c/ Vi lu hunh phn ng cn un nng (tr Hg to thng ) 2 Tc dng vi dung dch axit . a/Vi dd HCl,H2SO4 long .Tr cc kim loi ng sau hidro trong dy in ha . b/ vi dd HNO3 ,H2SO4 c Hu ht kim loi (tr Au,Pt) kh c N+5(HNO3 loang) N+2 v S+6 (H2SO4 c nng) S+4 Ch ; HNO3 ,H2SO4 c ngui lm th ng ho Al,Fe, Cr, . . . . 3 Tc dng vi nc -Ch c cc kim loi nhm IAv IIA BTH (tr Be,Mg) kh H2O nhit thng . 2Na + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2 -Cc kl cn li c tnh kh yu hn nn kh nc t0cao : Fe, Zn, 4 Tc Dng Vi Dung Dch Mui. VD: Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu Fe cht kh : Cu2+ cht oxh III. DY IN HO KIM LOI 1 Cp oxi ha kh ca kim loi . Vd Ag+ /Ag ,Cu2+/Cu,. . . . 2 So snh tnh cht cp oxi ha kh Tnh oxh cc ion ; Ag+> Cu2+> Zn2+ Tnh kh .Zn>Cu>Ag 3 Dy in ha ca kim loi
o o

K+ Na+ Mg2+ Al3+ Zn2+ Fe2+ Ni2+ Sn2+ Pb2+ H+ Cu2+ Fe3+ Ag+ Hg2+ Au3+ K Na Mg Al Zn Fe Ni Sn Pb H2 Cu Fe2+

4 ngha dy in ha Cho php d on chiu ca p gia 2 cp oxh-kh theo qui tc vd phn ng gia 2 cp Cu2+/Cu v Fe2+/Fe. Fe + Cu2+ Fe2+ +

Cu

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------15-

c.k m c. oxh m c. oxh y c.k y BI 19. HP KIM . I KHI NIM H p kim l vt liu kim loi c bn v mt s kim loi hoc phi kim khc . II TNH CHT . Hp kim c nhiu tnh cht ha hc tng t tnh cht ca cc n cht tham gia thnh hp kim ,nhng tnh cht vt l v tnh cht c hc ca hp kim li khc nhiu tnh cht cc n cht . III NG DNG Trn thc t ,hp kim c s dng nhiu hn kim loi nguyn cht . Hp kim Au vi Ag , Cu ( vng ty) p v cng , dng ch to trang sc v trc y mt s nc dng c tin . BI 20. S N MN KIM LOI Khai niem chung : An mon kim loai: s pha huy kim loai hay hp kim do tac dung cua cac chat trong moi trng M ne = Mn+ II.Cac dang an mon kim loai 1. An mon hoa hoc Khai niem: An mon hoa hoc la qua trnh oxi hoa kh, trong o cac e cua kim loai c chuyen trc tiep en cac chat trong moi trng. ac iem : -Khong phat sinh dong ien -Nhiet o cang cao th toc o an mon cang nhanh 2. An mon ien hoa a.Khai niem:An mon ien hoa la qua trnh oxi hoa kh, trong o kim loai b an mon do tac dung cua dung dch chat ien li va tao nen dong e chuyen di t am sang dng. -Cc m (anot) : xy ra qu trnh oxi ha ( qtrnh nhng e ) -Cc dng (catot) : xy ra qu trnh kh ( qtrnh nhn e ) b. n mn in ha hc hp kim ca st trong khng kh m -Kim loai hoat ong manh hn ong vai tro la cc am (anot) s b n mn . C.ieu kien co an mon ien hoa: -Cac ien cc phai khac nhau: cap kim loai khac nhau hoc kim loi vi phi kim -Cac ien cc phai tiep xuc trc tiep hoac gian tiep vi nhau qua dy dn -Cac ien cc phai cung tiep xuc vi mt dd chat ien li II- CACH CHONG AN MON KIM LOAI 1-Phng phap bao ve be mat: sn , m , 2-Dung phng phap ien hoa Nguyen tac: Gan kim loai co tnh kh manh vi kim loai can c bao ve ( co tnh kh yeu hn) BI 21 . IU CH KIM LOI . I-NGUYEN TAC :Kh ion kim loai thanh nguyen t : Mn+ + ne M II- PHNG PHAP: 1. Phng phap nhiet luyen Dung cac chat kh nh CO, H2, C, NH3, Al e kh cac ion kim loai trong oxit nhiet o cao. t Fe2O3+3CO 2Fe+ 3CO2 Dung e ieu che cac kim loai co o hoat ong trung bnh ( sau Al) 2. Phng phap thuy luyen Dung kim loai t do co tnh kh manh hn e kh ion kim loai trong
0

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------16-

dung dch muoi. Vd:Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu . Dung e ieu che cackim loai hoat ong yeu (sau H2) 3. Phng phap ien phan: a) ien phan hp chat nong chay: Dung dong ien e kh ion kim loai trong hp chat nong chay(oxit, hydroxit, muoi halogen) 2Al2O3 dpnc 4Al + 3O2 ; 4NaOH dpnc 4Na+O2 +2H2O Dung e ieu che kim loai co o hoat ong manh (t au Al) b) ien phan dung dch: - Dung dong ien e kh ion trong dung dch muoi. dpdd CuCl2 Cu + Cl2 dpdd 2CuSO4 + 2H2O 2Cu + O2 + 2H2SO4 Dung ieu che cac kim loai trung bnh, yeu. c) Tnh lng chat thu c cac ien cc: m = Phn 2. cu hi trc nghim
Cu 1: S electron lp ngoi cng ca cc nguyn t kim loi thuc nhm IIA l A. 3. B. 2. C. 4. D. 1. Cu2: Cng thc chung ca oxit kim loi thuc nhm IA l A. R2O3. B. RO2. C. R2O. D. RO. Cu 3: Cng thc chung ca oxit kim loi thuc nhm IIA l A. R2O3. B. RO2. C. R2O. D. RO. Cu 4: Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t Na (Z =11) l A. 1s22s2 2p6 3s2. B. 1s22s2 2p6. C. 1s22s22p63s1. D. 1s22s22p6 3s23p1. Cu 5: Hai kim loi u thuc nhm IIA trong bng tun hon l A. Sr, K. B. Na, Ba. C. Be, Al. D. Ca, Ba. Cu 6: Nguyn t Cr c Z = 24, cu hnh e ca Cr l A. [Ar ] 3d4 4s2. B. [Ar ] 4s23d4. C. [Ar ] 3d5 4s1. D. [Ar ] 4s13d5. + 2 6 Cu7: Cation M c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng 2s 2p l A. Rb+. B. Na+. C. Li+. D. K+. A.I .t n.F

TNH CHT CA KIM LOI DY IN HA CA KIM LOI


Cu 8: Kim loi no sau y c tnh dn in tt nht trong tt c cc kim loi? A. Vng. B. Bc. C. ng. D. Nhm. Cu 9: Kim loi no sau y do nht trong tt c cc kim loi? A. Vng. B. Bc. C. ng. D. Nhm. Cu 10: Kim loi no sau y c cng ln nht trong tt c cc kim loi? A. Vonfam. B. Crom C. St D. ng Cu 11: Kim loi no sau y l kim loi mm nht trong tt c cc kim loi ? A. Liti. B. Xesi. C. Natri. D. Kali. Cu 12: Kim loi no sau y c nhit nng chy cao nht trong tt c cc kim loi? A. Vonfam. B. St. C. ng. D. Km. Cu 13: Kim loi no sau y nh nht ( c khi lng ring nh nht ) trong tt c cc kim loi ? A. Natri B. Liti C. Kali D. Rubidi Cu 14: Tnh cht ha hc c trng ca kim loi l A. tnh baz. B. tnh oxi ha. C. tnh axit. D. tnh kh. Cu 15: Hai kim loi u phn ng vi dung dch Cu(NO3)2 gii phng kim loi Cu l A. Al v Fe. B. Fe v Au. C. Al v Ag. D. Fe v Ag. Cu 16: Cp cht khng xy ra phn ng l A. Fe + Cu(NO3)2. B. Cu + AgNO3. C. Zn + Fe(NO3)2. D. Ag + Cu(NO3)2. Cu 17: Hai kim loi Al v Cu u phn ng c vi dung dch A. NaCl long. B. H2SO4 long. C. HNO3 long. D. NaOH long Cu 18: Kim loi Cu phn ng c vi dung dch ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17-

A. FeSO4. B. AgNO3. C. KNO3. D. HCl. Cu19: Dung dch FeSO4 v dung dch CuSO4 u tc dng c vi A. Ag. B. Fe. C. Cu. D. Zn. Cu 20: ho tan hon ton hn hp gm hai kim loi Cu v Zn, ta c th dng mt lng d dung dch A. HCl. B. AlCl3. C. AgNO3. D. CuSO4. Cu 21: Hai dung dch u tc dng c vi Fe l A. CuSO4 v HCl. B. CuSO4 v ZnCl2. C. HCl v CaCl2. D. MgCl2 v FeCl3. Cu 22: Cho cc kim loi: Ni, Fe, Cu, Zn; s kim loi tc dng vi dung dch Pb(NO3)2 l A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4. Cu 23: Dung dch mui no sau y tc dng c vi c Ni v Pb? A. Pb(NO3)2. B. Cu(NO3)2. C. Fe(NO3)2. D. Ni(NO3)2. Cu 24: Tt c cc kim loi Fe, Zn, Cu, Ag u tc dng c vi dung dch A. HCl. B. H2SO4 long. C. HNO3 long. D. KOH. Cu 25: Cho cc kim loi: Na, Mg, Fe, Al; kim loi c tnh kh mnh nht l A. Al. B. Na. C. Mg. D. Fe. Cu 26: Cho phn ng: aAl + bHNO3 cAl(NO3)3 + dNO + eH2O. H s a, b, c, d, e l cc s nguyn, ti gin. Tng (a + b) bng A. 5. B. 4. C. 7. D. 6. Cu 27: Dy no sau y ch gm cc cht va tc dng c vi dung dch HCl, va tc dng c vi dung dch AgNO3 ? A. Zn, Cu, Mg B. Al, Fe, CuO C. Fe, Ni, Sn D. Hg, Na, Ca Cu 28: Cho phn ng ha hc: Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu. Trong phn ng trn xy ra A. s kh Fe2+ v s oxi ha Cu. B. s kh Fe2+ v s kh Cu2+. C. s oxi ha Fe v s oxi ha Cu. D. s oxi ha Fe v s kh Cu2+. Cu29: Cp cht khng xy ra phn ng ho hc l A. Cu + dung dch FeCl3. B. Fe + dung dch HCl. C. Fe + dung dch FeCl3. D. Cu + dung dch FeCl2. Cu 30: Cho kim loi M tc dng vi Cl2 c mui X; cho kim loi M tc dng vi dung dch HCl c mui Y. Nu cho kim loi M tc dng vi dung dch mui X ta cng c mui Y. Kim loi M c th l A. Mg B. Al C. Zn D. Fe Cu 31: kh ion Cu2+ trong dung dch CuSO4 c th dng kim loi A. K B. Na C. Ba D. Fe Cu 32: kh ion Fe3+ trong dung dch thnh ion Fe2+ c th dng mt lng d A. Kim loi Mg B. Kim loi Ba C. Kim loi Cu D. Kim loi Ag Cu 33: Th t mt s cp oxi ha - kh trong dy in ha nh sau : Fe2+/Fe; Cu2+/Cu; Fe3+/Fe2+. Cp cht khng phn ng vi nhau l A. Cu v dung dch FeCl3 B. Fe v dung dch CuCl2 C. Fe v dung dch FeCl3 D. dung dch FeCl2 v dung dch CuCl2 Cu34: Dy gm cc kim loi c xp theo th t tnh kh tng dn t tri sang phi l A. Mg, Fe, Al. B. Fe, Mg, Al. C. Fe, Al, Mg. D. Al, Mg, Fe. Cu 35: Dy gm cc kim loi u phn ng vi nc nhit thng to ra dung dch c mi trng kim l A. Na, Ba, K. B. Be, Na, Ca. C. Na, Fe, K. D. Na, Cr, K. 2+ Cu 36: Trong dung dch CuSO4, ion Cu khng b kh bi kim loi A. Fe. B. Ag. C. Mg. D. Zn. Cu 37: Cho dy cc kim loi: Fe, Na, K, Ca. S kim loi trong dy tc dng c vi nc nhit thng l A. 4. B. 1. C. 3. D. 2. Cu38: Kim loi phn ng c vi dung dch H2SO4 long l A. Ag. B. Au. C. Cu. D. Al. Cu 39: Cho dy cc kim loi: Na, Cu, Fe, Ag, Zn. S kim loi trong dy phn ng c vi dung dch HCl l A. 5. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4. Cu 40: ng (Cu) tc dng c vi dung dch A. H2SO4 c, nng. B. H2SO4 long. C. FeSO4. D. HCl. Cu 41: Cho dy cc kim loi: Na, Cu, Fe, Zn. S kim loi trong dy phn ng c vi dung dch HCl l A. 3. B. 1. C. 4. D. 2. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------18-

Cu 42: Cho dy cc kim loi: K, Mg, Na, Al. Kim loi c tnh kh mnh nht trong dy l A. Na. B. Mg. C. Al. D. K.

S N MN KIM LOI
Cu 43: Mt s ho cht c trn ngn t c khung bng kim loi. Sau 1 thi gian, ngi ta thy khung kim loi b g. Ho cht no di y c kh nng gy ra hin tng trn? A. Ancol etylic. B. Dy nhm. C. Du ho. D. Axit clohydric. Cu 44: Cho cc cp kim loi nguyn cht tip xc trc tip vi nhau : Fe v Pb; Fe v Zn; Fe v Sn; Fe v Ni. Khi nhng cc cp kim loi trn vo dung dch axit, s cp kim loi trong Fe b ph hy trc l A. 4 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3 Cu 45: bo v v tu bin lm bng thp ngi ta thng gn vo v tu (phn ngm di nc) nhng tm kim loi A. Cu. B. Zn. C. Sn. D. Pb. Cu 46: C 4 dung dch ring bit: a) HCl, b) CuCl2, c) FeCl3, d) HCl c ln CuCl2. Nhng vo mi dung dch mt thanh Fe nguyn cht. S trng hp xut hin n mn in ho l A. 0. B. 1. C. 2. D. 3. Cu 47: Cho cc hp kim sau: Cu-Fe (I); Zn-Fe (II); Fe-C (III); Sn-Fe (IV). Khi tip xc vi dung dch cht in li th cc hp kim m trong Fe u b n mn trc l: A. I, II v III. B. I, II v IV. C. I, III v IV. D. II, III v IV.

IU CH KIM LOI
Cu 48: Khi iu ch kim loi, cc ion kim loi ng vai tr l cht A. b kh. B. nhn proton. C. b oxi ho. D. cho proton. Cu 49: loi b kim loi Cu ra khi hn hp bt gm Ag v Cu, ngi ta ngm hn hp kim loi trn vo lng d dung dch A. AgNO3. B. HNO3. C. Cu(NO3)2. D. Fe(NO3)2. Cu 50: Cht khng kh c st oxit ( nhit cao) l A. Cu. B. Al. C. CO. D. H2. Cu 51: Hai kim loi c th iu ch bng phng php nhit luyn l A. Ca v Fe. B. Mg v Zn. C. Na v Cu. D. Fe v Cu. Cu 52: Phng php thch hp iu ch kim loi Ca t CaCl2 l A. nhit phn CaCl2. B. in phn CaCl2 nng chy. C. dng Na kh Ca2+ trong dung dch CaCl2. D. in phn dung dch CaCl2. Cu53: Oxit d b H2 kh nhit cao to thnh kim loi l A. Na2O. B. CaO. C. CuO. D. K2O. Cu 54: Phng trnh ho hc no sau y th hin cch iu ch Cu theo phng php thu luyn ? A. Zn + CuSO4 Cu + ZnSO4 B. H2 + CuO Cu + H2O C. CuCl2 Cu + Cl2 D. 2CuSO4 + 2H2O 2Cu + 2H2SO4 + O2 Cu 55: Phng trnh ha hc no sau y biu din cch iu ch Ag t AgNO3 theo phng php thu luyn ? A. 2AgNO3 + Zn 2Ag + Zn(NO3)2 B. 2AgNO3 2Ag + 2NO2 + O2 C. 4AgNO3 + 2H2O 4Ag + 4HNO3 + O2 D. Ag2O + CO 2Ag + CO2. Cu 56: Trong phng php thu luyn, iu ch Cu t dung dch CuSO4 c th dng kim loi no lm cht kh? A. K. B. Ca. C. Zn. D. Ag. Cu 57: Cho kh CO d i qua hn hp gm CuO, Al2O3, MgO (nung nng). Khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c cht rn gm A. Cu, Al, Mg. B. Cu, Al, MgO. C. Cu, Al2O3, Mg. D. Cu, Al2O3, MgO. Cu 58: Cho lung kh H2 (d) qua hn hp cc oxit CuO, Fe2O3, ZnO, MgO nung nhit cao. Sau phn ng hn hp rn cn li l: A. Cu, FeO, ZnO, MgO. B. Cu, Fe, Zn, Mg. C. Cu, Fe, Zn, MgO. D. Cu, Fe, ZnO, MgO. Cu 59: Hai kim loi c th c iu ch bng phng php in phn dung dch l A. Al v Mg. B. Na v Fe. C. Cu v Ag. D. Mg v Zn. Cu 60: Cp cht khng xy ra phn ng ho hc l A. Cu + dung dch FeCl3. B. Fe + dung dch HCl. C. Fe + dung dch FeCl3. D. Cu + dung dch FeCl2. Cu 61: Dy cc kim loi u c th c iu ch bng phng php in phn dung dch mui ca chng l: A. Ba, Ag, Au. B. Fe, Cu, Ag. C. Al, Fe, Cr. D. Mg, Zn, Cu. Cu 62: Khi in phn NaCl nng chy (in cc tr), ti catt xy ra A. s kh ion Cl-. B. s oxi ho ion Cl-. C. s oxi ho ion Na+. D. s kh ion Na+. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------19-

Cu 63: Oxit d b H2 kh nhit cao to thnh kim loi l A. Na2O. B. CaO. C. CuO. D. K2O. Cu 64: Trong cng nghip, kim loi c iu ch bng phng php in phn hp cht nng chy ca kim loi l A. Na. B. Ag. C. Fe. D. Cu.

CC DNG BI TP PHN I CNG KIM LOI


DNG 1: KIM LOI TC DNG VI PHI KIM Cu1. Bao nhiu gam Cu tc dng va vi clo to ra 27 gam CuCl2? A. 12,4 gam B. 12,8 gam. C. 6,4 gam. D. 25,6 gam. Cu2: t 1 lng nhm(Al) trong 6,72 lt O2. Cht rn thu c sau phn ng cho ho tan hon ton vo dung dch HCl thy bay ra 6,72 lt H2 (cc th tch kh o kc). Khi lng nhm dng l A. 8,1gam. B. 16,2gam. C. 18,4gam. D. 24,3gam. DNG 2: KIM LOI TC DNG VI DUNG DCH AXIT Cu 1. Cho 10 gam hn hp cc kim loi Mg v Cu tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl long d thu c 3,733 lit H2(kc). Thnh phn % ca Mg trong hn hp l: A. 50%. B. 35%. C. 20%. D. 40%. Cu 2. Mt hn hp gm 13 gam km v 5,6 gam st tc dng vi dung dch axit sunfuric long d. Th tch kh hidro (ktc) c gii phng sau phn ng l. A. 2,24 lit. B. 4,48 lit. C. 6,72 lit. D. 67,2 lit. Cu 3. Cho 4,05 gam Al tan ht trong dung dch HNO3 thu V lt N2O (kc) duy nht. Gi tr V l A. 2,52 lt. B. 3,36 lt. C. 4,48 lt. D. 1,26 lt. Cu 4: Hn hp X gm Fe v Cu, trong Cu chim 43,24% khi lng. Cho 14,8 gam X tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl thy c V lt kh (ktc) bay ra. Gi tr ca V l A. 1,12 lt. B. 3,36 lt. C. 2,24 lt. D. 4,48 lt. Cu 5: Ho tan hon ton 1,5 gam hn hp bt Al v Mg vo dung dch HCl thu c 1,68 lt H2 (kc). Phn % khi lng ca Al trong hn hp l A. 60%. B. 40%. C. 30%. D. 80%. Cu 6: Ho tan m gam Fe trong dung dch HCl d, sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c 4,48 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Gi tr ca m l (Cho Fe = 56, H = 1, Cl = 35,5) A. 2,8. B. 1,4. C. 5,6. D. 11,2. Cu 7: Ho tan 6,4 gam Cu bng axit H2SO4 c, nng (d), sinh ra V lt kh SO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca V l A. 4,48. B. 6,72. C. 3,36. D. 2,24. Cu 8: Ho tan m gam Al bng dung dch HCl (d), thu c 3,36 lt H2 ( ktc). Gi tr ca m l A. 4,05. B. 2,70. C. 5,40. D. 1,35. Cu 9: Ho tan 5,6 gam Fe bng dung dch HNO3 long (d), sinh ra V lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca V l A. 6,72. B. 4,48. C. 2,24. D. 3,36. Cu 10: Cho 10 gam hn hp gm Fe v Cu tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long (d). Sau phn ng thu c 2,24 lt kh hiro ( ktc), dung dch X v m gam cht rn khng tan. Gi tr ca m l (Cho H = 1, Fe = 56, Cu = 64) A. 6,4 gam. B. 3,4 gam. C. 5,6 gam. D. 4,4 gam. Cu 11: Cho 20 gam hn hp bt Mg v Fe tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl thy c 1 gam kh H2 bay ra. Lng mui clorua to ra trong dung dch l bao nhiu gam ? A. 40,5g. B. 45,5g. C. 55,5g. D. 60,5g. Cu 12: Cho m gam hn hp X gm Al, Cu vo dung dch HCl (d), sau khi kt thc phn ng sinh ra 3,36 lt kh ( ktc). Nu cho m gam hn hp X trn vo mt lng d axit nitric (c, ngui), sau khi kt thc phn ng sinh ra 6,72 lt kh NO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca m l A. 15,6. B. 10,5. C. 11,5. D. 12,3. Cu 13. Cho 1,86 gam hn hp Al v Mg tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 long d th thu c 560 ml lt kh N2O (ktc, sn phm kh duy nht) bay ra. Khi lng mui nitrat to ra trong dung dch l: A. 40,5 gam. B. 14,62 gam. C. 24,16 gam. D. 14,26 gam. DNG 3 : XC NH CNG THC Cu 1. Ho tan 2,52 gam mt kim loi bng dung dch H2SO4 long d, c cn dung dch thu c 6,84 gam mui khan. Kim loi l: A. Mg. B. Al. C. Zn. D. Fe. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------20-

Cu2. Nhit phn hon ton 3,5 gam mt mui cacbonat kim loi ho tr 2 thu c 1,96 gam cht rn. Mui cacbonat ca kim loi dng l: A. FeCO3. B. BaCO3. C. MgCO3. D. CaCO3. Cu 3. Ho tan hon ton 0,575 gam mt kim loi km vo nc. trung ho dung dch thu c cn 25 gam dung dch HCl 3,65%. Kim loi ho tan l: A. Li. B. K. C. Na. D. Rb. Cu 4. Cho 9,1 gam hn hp hai mui cacbonat trung ho ca 2 kim loi kim 2 chu k lin tip tan hon ton trong dung dch HCl d thu c 2,24 lt CO2(ktc). Hai kim loi l: A. K v Cs. B. Na v K. C. Li v Na. D. Rb v Cs. Cu 5. Ho tan 1,3 gam mt kim loi M trong 100 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,3M. trung ho lng axit d cn 200 ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M. Xc nh kim loi M? A. Al. B. Fe. C. Zn. D. Mg. Cu 6. Cho 19,2 gam kim loi (M) tan hon ton trong dung dch HNO3 long th thu c 4,48 lt kh NO (ktc, sn phm kh duy nht). Kim loi (M) l: A. Cu. B. Zn. C. Fe. D. Mg. DNG 4: KIM LOI TC DNG VI DUNG DCH MUI Cu 1. Ho tan 58 gam CuSO4. 5H2O vo nc c 500ml dung dch CuSO4. Cho dn dn mt st vo 50 ml dung dch trn, khuy nh cho ti khi dung dch ht mu xanh th lng mt st dng l: A. 0,65g. B. 1,2992g. C. 1,36g. D. 12,99g. Cu 2. Ngm mt inh st sch trong 200 ml dung dch CuSO4 sau khi phn ng kt thc, ly inh st ra khi dung dch ra nh lm kh nhn thy khi lng inh st tng thm 0,8 gam. Nng mol/lt ca dung dch CuSO4 dng l: A. 0,25M. B. 0,4M. C. 0,3M. D. 0,5M. Cu 3. Nhng mt inh st c khi lng 8 gam vo 500ml dung dch CuSO4 2M. Sau mt thi gian ly inh st ra cn li thy nng 8,8 gam. Nng mol/l ca CuSO4 trong dung dch sau phn ng l: A. 0,27M B. 1,36M C. 1,8M D. 2,3M Cu 4: Ngm l km trong dung dch cha 0,1 mol CuSO4. Phn ng xong thy khi lng l km: A. tng 0,1 gam. B. tng 0,01 gam. C. gim 0,1 gam. D. khng thay i. Cu5: Nhng 1 thanh nhm nng 50 gam vo 400ml dung dch CuSO4 0,5M. Sau mt thi gian ly thanh nhm ra cn nng 51,38 gam. Hi khi lng Cu thot ra l bao nhiu? A. 0,64gam. B. 1,28gam. C. 1,92gam. D. 2,56gam.

DNG 5: NHIT LUYN


Cu 1: Cho kh CO kh hon ton n Fe mt hn hp gm: FeO, Fe 2O3, Fe3O4 thy c 4,48 lt CO2 (ktc) thot ra. Th tch CO (ktc) tham gia phn ng l A. 1,12 lt. B. 2,24 lt. C. 3,36 lt. D. 4,48 lt. Cu 2. kh hon ton 45 gam hn hp gm CuO, FeO, Fe3O4, Fe v MgO cn dng va 8,4 lt CO (ktc). Khi lng cht rn thu c sau phn ng l: A. 39g B. 38g C. 24g D. 42g

KIM LOI KIM V HP CHT


PHN 1. Tm tt l thuyt . BI 25: KIM LOI KIM V HP CHT CA KIM LOI KIM. A.KIM LOI KIM I. V tr - cu hnh e ngt :Kloi kim thuc nhm IA,gm Na,K,Rb,Cs,Fr. Cu hnh e ngoi cng ns1 II. Tnh cht vt l: Cc kloi kim c mu trng bc v c nh kim, dn in tt, tonc, tos thp, khi lng ring nh, cng thp v chng c mng tinh th lp phng tm khi. III. Tnh cht ha hc: Cc nguyn t kim loi kim c nng lng ion ha nh, v vy kim loi kim c tnh kh rt mnh. Tnh kh tng dn t liti n xesi.MM++1e. Trong hp cht, cc kim loi kim c s oxi ha+1. 1. Tc dng vi pk a/ Vi O2 2Na + O2(kh)Na2O2 4Na+O2(kk)2Na2O b/ Vi Cl2 2K + Cl22KCl 2. Tc dng vi axit 2Na+2HCl2NaCl+H2 ; 2Na+H2SO4Na2SO4+H2 3. Tc dng vi H2O 2K+2H2O2KOH+H2 Na nng chy v chy trn mt nc, K bn chy, Rb&Cs p mnh lit.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------21-

KLK tc dng d dng vi H2O nn ngi ta bo qun n trong du ha. IV: ng dng, trng thi t nhin v iu ch 1.ng dng : Ch to hp kim c t0nc thp. Hp kim Li-Al dng trong k thut hng khng. Cs lm t bo quang in 2. Trng thi t nhin : tn ti dng hp cht( trong nc bin, silicat, alumiunat) 3. iu ch : Kh ion ca KLK thnh KL t do M++eM bng cch pnc mui halogenua ca KLK c 2NaCl p n 2Na+Cl2 B.HP CHT CA KIM LOI KIM. I. Natri hidroxit -NaOH(xt n da) l cht rn, khng mu, d nng chy, ht m mnh ta nhiu nhit -NaOH l cht in li mnh: NaOHNa+ + OH-NaOH td c vi axit, oxitaxxit, mui *CO2+2NaOHNa2CO3 + H2O CO2+2OH-CO32-+H2O hoc CO2+NaOHNaHCO3 *HCl+NaOHNaCl+H2O: H+ + OH- H2O *CuSO4+2NaOH Na2SO4+Cu(OH)2: Cu2+ + 2OH- Cu(OH)2 -NaOH Lm x phng, phm nhum, t nhn to,luyn nhm, tinh ch du m. II. Natri hirocacbonat - Na2CO3 l cht rn, mu trng tan nhiu trong nc. nhit thng Na2CO3.10H2O, nhit cao kt tinh to Na2CO3. Na2CO3 l mui ca axit yu v c nhng tnh cht chung ca mui. - Na2CO3 dng trong cng nghip thy tinh, bt git, phm nhum. III. Kali nitrat: KNO3 l nhng tinh th khng mu, bn trong kk, tan nhiu trong nc. B nhit phn 2KNO3 2KNO2+O2; nhit cao KNO3 l cht oxi ha mnh . 2. ng dng : Dng lm phn bn, to thuc n 2KNO3+3C+S N2 +3CO2+K2S PHN 2. CU HI TRC NGHIM
to
to

Cu 1: Cht phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH to kt ta l A. KNO3. B. FeCl3. C. BaCl2. D. K2SO4. Cu 2: Dung dch lm qu tm chuyn sang mu xanh l A. NaCl. B. Na2SO4. C. NaOH. D. NaNO3. Cu 3: Sn phm to thnh c cht kt ta khi dung dch Na2CO3 tc dng vi dung dch A. KCl. B. KOH. C. NaNO3. D. CaCl2. Cu 4: Khi nhit phn hon ton NaHCO3 th sn phm ca phn ng nhit phn l A. NaOH, CO2, H2. B. Na2O, CO2, H2O. C. Na2CO3, CO2, H2O. D. NaOH, CO2, H2O. Cu 5: bo qun natri, ngi ta phi ngm natri trong A. nc. B. ru etylic. C. du ha. D. phenol lng. Cu6: Mt mui khi tan vo nc to thnh dung dch c mi trng kim, mui l A. Na2CO3. B. MgCl2. C. KHSO4. D. NaCl. Cu 7: C th dng NaOH ( th rn) lm kh cc cht kh A. NH3, O2, N2, CH4, H2 B. N2, Cl2, O2, CO2, H2 C. NH3, SO2, CO, Cl2 D. N2, NO2, CO2, CH4, H2 Cu 8: Trong cng nghip, natri hiroxit c sn xut bng phng php A. in phn dung dch NaCl, khng c mng ngn in cc. B. in phn dung dch NaCl, c mng ngn in cc C. in phn dung dch NaNO3 , khng c mn ngn in cc D. in phn NaCl nng chy Cu 9: Cho dy cc cht: FeCl2, CuSO4, BaCl2, KNO3. S cht trong dy phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH l A. 2. B. 1. C. 3. D. 4. Cu 10: Phn ng nhit phn khng ng l A. 2KNO3 t 2KNO2 + O2. B. NaHCO3 t NaOH + CO2. C. NH4Cl t NH3 + HCl. D. NH4NO2 t N2 + 2H2O. + Cu 11: Qu trnh no sau y, ion Na khng b kh thnh Na? A. in phn NaCl nng chy. B. in phn dung dch NaCl trong nc C. in phn NaOH nng chy. D. in phn Na2O nng chy + Cu 12: Qu trnh no sau y, ion Na b kh thnh Na?
0 0
0 0

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------22-

A. Dung dch NaOH tc dng vi dung dch HCl. B. in phn NaCl nng chy. C. Dung dch Na2CO3 tc dng vi dung dch HCl. D. Dung dch NaCl tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3. Cu 13: Trong qu trnh in phn dung dch NaCl, cc m xy ra: A. s kh ion Na+. B. S oxi ho ion Na+. C. S kh phn t nc. D. S oxi ho phn t nc Cu 14: Trong qu trnh in phn dung dch KBr, phn ng no sau y xy ra cc dng? A. Ion Br b oxi ho. B. ion Br b kh. C. Ion K+ b oxi ho. D. Ion K+ b kh. Cu 15: in phn NaCl nng chy vi in cc tr, catt thu c A. Na. B. NaOH. C. Cl2. D. HCl. Cu16: Trng hp khng xy ra phn ng vi NaHCO3 khi : A. tc dng vi kim. B. tc dng vi CO2. C. un nng. D. tc dng vi axit.
Cu 17: Cho s phn ng: NaHCO3 + X Na2CO3 + H2O. X l hp cht A. KOH B. NaOH C. K2CO3 D. HCl Cu 18: Cho 0,02 mol Na2CO3 tc dng vi lng d dung dch HCl th th tch kh CO2 thot ra ( ktc) l A. 0,672 lt. B. 0,224 lt. C. 0,336 lt. D. 0,448 lt. Cu 19: Trung ho V ml dung dch NaOH 1M bng 100 ml dung dch HCl 1M. Gi tr ca V l A. 400. B. 200. C. 100. D. 300. Cu 20: Hp th hon ton 2,24 lt kh CO2 ( ktc) vo dung dch cha 8 gam NaOH, thu c dung dch X. Khi lng mui tan c trong dung dch X l (Cho C = 12, O = 16, Na = 23) A. 10,6 gam. B. 5,3 gam. C. 21,2 gam. D. 15,9 gam. Cu 21: in phn mui clorua kim loi kim nng chy thu c 1,792 lt kh (ktc) anot v 6,24 gam kim loi catot. Cng thc ho hc ca mui em in phn l A. LiCl. B. NaCl. C. KCl. ,D. RbCl. Cu 22: Cho 0,69 gam mt kim loi kim tc dng vi nc (d) thu c 0,336 lt kh hiro ( ktc). Kim loi kim l (Cho Li = 7, Na = 23, K = 39, Rb = 85) A. Rb. B. Li. C. Na. D. K. Cu 23: tc dng ht vi dung dch cha 0,01 mol KCl v 0,02 mol NaCl th th tch dung dch AgNO3 1M cn dng l A. 40 ml. B. 20 ml. C. 10 ml. D. 30 ml. Cu 24: Cho 6,08 gam hn hp NaOH v KOH tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl to ra 8,30 gam hn hp mui clorua. S gam mi hidroxit trong hn hp ln lt l: A. 2,4 gam v 3,68 gam. B. 1,6 gam v 4,48 gam. C. 3,2 gam v 2,88 gam. D. 0,8 gam v 5,28 gam. Cu 25: Cho 100 gam CaCO3 tc dng vi axit HCl d. Kh thot ra hp th bng 200 gam dung dch NaOH 30%. Lng mui Natri trong dung dch thu c l A. 10,6 gam Na2CO3 B. 53 gam Na2CO3 v 42 gam NaHCO3 C. 16,8 gam NaHCO3 D. 79,5 gam Na2CO3 v 21 gam NaHCO3 Cu 26: Cho hn hp cc kim loi kim Na, K ha tan ht vo nc c dung dch A v 0,672 lt kh H2 (ktc). Th tch dung dch HCl 0,1M cn trung ha ht mt phn ba dung dch A l A. 100 ml. B. 200 ml. C. 300 ml. D. 600 ml. Cu 27: Cho 1,15 gam mt kim loi kim X tan ht vo nc. trung ho dung dch thu c cn 50 gam dung dch HCl 3,65%. X l kim loi no sau y? A. K. B. Na. C. Cs. D. Li. Cu 28: Nng phn trm ca dung dch thu c khi cho 3,9 gam Kali tc dng vi 108,2 gam H2O l A. 5,00% B. 6,00% C. 4,99%. D. 4,00% Cu 29: Ho tan m gam Na kim loi vo nc thu c dung dch X. Trung ho dung dch X cn 100ml dung dch H2SO4 1M. Gi tr m dng l A. 6,9 gam. B. 4,6 gam. C. 9,2 gam. D. 2,3 gam. Cu 30: Nung 13,4 gam hn hp 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi ha tr 2, thu c 6,8 gam cht rn v kh X. Lng kh X sinh ra cho hp th vo 75 ml dung dch NaOH 1M, khi lng mui khan thu c sau phn ng l A. 5,8 gam. B. 6,5 gam. C. 4,2 gam. D. 6,3 gam.

KIM LOI KIM TH V HP CHT


BI 26:KIM LOI KIM TH. MT S HP CHT QUAN TRNG CA KIM LOI KIM TH Phn 1- l thuyt A. KIM LOI KIM TH
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------23-

I.V tr v cu to :Kim loi kim th thuc nhm IIA, gm Be,Mg,Ca,Sr,Ba,Ra. electron lp nggoi cng nS2, II.Tnh cht vt l: Nhit nng chy v nhit si tng i thp. cng c cao hn kim loi kim nhng vn thp. Khi lng ring tng i nh,l nhng kim loi nh hn nhm.(tr Ba) II.Tnh cht ho hc: Cc nguyn t kim loi kim c nng lng ion ha tng i nh, v vy Kim lo i ki m th c tnh kh manh.Tnh kh tng dn t Be n Ba: MM2+ +2e. Trong cc hp cht , klk th c s oxh l +2. 2MgO 1/Tc dng vi phi kim: VD: 2Mg + O2 + a) Kim loi kim th kh c H trong cc dung dch axit HCl, H2SO4 thnh kh H2 M + 2H+ M2+ + H2 b) Kim loi kim th kh c N+5 trong HNO3 long xung N-3; S+6 trong H2SO4 c xung S-2. 4Mg+10HNO3long 4Mg(NO3)2+NH4NO3+ 3H2O 4Mg+50H2SO4 4MgSO4+H2S+ 4H2O 3/ Td vi H2O : -Ca,Sr,Ba tc dng vi nc nhit thng thnh dung dch baz Vd : Ca +2 H2O = Ca(OH)2 + H2 - Be khng tc dng vi nc. Mg tc dng chm vi nc nhit thng to ra Mg(OH)2,Mg tc dng nhanh vi hi nc nhit cao to thnh MgO: 2Mg +O2=2MgO B. MT S HP CHT QUAN TRNG CA KIM LOI KIM TH 1/ Canxi hiroxit:Ca(OH)2 rn ,mu trng , t tan trong nc -dd canxi hiroxit l mt dd baz mnh :Ca(OH)2 Ca2+ +2OH- tc dng vi oxit axit, axit ,mui. Ca(OH)2+CO2 CaCO3 + H2O Nhn bit CO2 -ng dng:ch to to va xy nh,kh chua, ty trng ,kh trng, sx amoniac, clorua vi, vt liu xy dng. 2/ canxi cacbonat:CaCO3 Cht rn mu trng ,khng tan trong nc -y l mui ca mt axit yu v khng bn,tc dng vi nhiu axit v c v hu c gii phng kh CO2: CaCO3+ 2HCl CaCl2 +H2O +CO2 CaCO3 + 2CH3COOH Ca(CH3COO)2+H2O+CO2 c bit:CaCO3 tan dn trong nc c cha kh CO2 : CaCO3+ H2O +CO2 Ca(HCO3)2 ph n ng x y ra theo 2 chi u :chiu (1) gii thch s xm thc ca nc ma,chiu (2) gii thch s to thnh thch nh trong hang ng. 3/Canxi sunphat:CaSO4cht rn mu trng , t tan trong nc.C 3 loi: + CaSO4 . 2H2O :thch cao sng,bn nhit thng. CaSO4 . H2O :thch cao nung, iu ch bng cch nung thch cao sng. + CaSO4:thch cao khan, iu ch bng cch nung th ch cao sng nhi t cao h n. +th ch cao nung th ng d ng c t ng,ph n vi t b ng,b b t khi g y x ng II.N C CNG: 1/khi nim: -Nc cng l nc c cha nhiu ion Canxi,Magi. -Nc cha it hoc khng c cha ion Canxi ,magi gi l nc mm. 2./phn loi nc cng: -Nc cng tm thi : nc c cha cc mi :Ca(HCO3)2 ,Mg(HCO3)2 -Nc cng vnh cu: nc c cha cc mui: CaCl2,MgCl2,CaSO4,MgSO4. -Nc cng ton phn:nc c c tnh tm thi v tnh vnh cu. 3/ tc hi ca nc cng:nc cng lm x phng t bt, nu thc phm b lu chin v gim mi v, gy tc hi trong cc ngnh sn xut. 4/ Cc bin php lm mm nc cng:Nguyn tc:gim nng cation :Ca2+,Mg2+ trong nc cng. *Phng php kt ta: -Vi nc cng tm thi: un si hoc dung Ca(OH)2 hoc Na2CO3 d kt ta ion canxi,magie ,loi b kt ta ta c nc mm: M(HCO3)2 MCO3+CO2 +H2O -Vi nc cng vnh cu: Dung Na2CO3,Na3PO4,Ca(OH)2 d lm mm : Ca2+ + CO32- CaCO3 3Ca2+ +2PO43- Ca3(PO4)2 2+ 2Mg + CO3 MgCO3 3Mg2+ +2PO43- Mg3(PO4)2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------24-

*Phng php trao i ion: Dng cht trao i ion(ht zeolit), hoc nha trao i ion. Nc cng i qua cht trao i ion l cc ht zeolit th ion canxi ,magi c trao i bng nhng ion khc nh H+,Na+ .ta c nc mm. PHN 2. CU HI TRC NGHIM
Cu 1: S electron lp ngoi cng ca cc nguyn t kim loi thuc nhm IIA l A. 3. B. 2. C. 4. D. 1. Cu 2: Trong bng tun hon, Mg l kim loi thuc nhm A. IIA. B. IVA. C. IIIA. D. IA. Cu 3: Dy gm cc kim loi u phn ng vi nc nhit thng to ra dung dch c mi trng kim l A. Be, Na, Ca. B. Na, Ba, K. C. Na, Fe, K. D. Na, Cr, K. Cu 4: phn bit hai dung dch KNO3 v Zn(NO3)2 ng trong hai l ring bit, ta c th dng dung dch A. HCl. B. NaOH. C. NaCl. D. MgCl2. Cu 5: Kim loi khng phn ng vi nc nhit thng l A. Fe. B. Na. C. Ba. D. K. Cu 6: Hai kim loi u thuc nhm IIA trong bng tun hon l A. Sr, K. B. Na, Ba. C. Be, Al. D. Ca, Ba. Cu7: Cht c th dng lm mm nc cng tm thi l A. NaCl. B. NaHSO4. C. Ca(OH)2. D. HCl. Cu8: Cht phn ng c vi dung dch H2SO4 to ra kt ta l A. NaOH. B. Na2CO3. C. BaCl2. D. NaCl. Cu 9: Nc cng l nc c cha nhiu cc ion A. Cu2+, Fe3+. B. Al3+, Fe3+. C. Na+, K+. D. Ca2+, Mg2+. Cu 10: Hai cht c dng lm mm nc cng vnh cu l A. Na2CO3 v HCl. B. Na2CO3 v Na3PO4. C. Na2CO3 v Ca(OH)2. D. NaCl v Ca(OH)2. Cu 11: Nc cng khng gy ra tc hi no di y? A. Gy ng c nc ung. B. Lm mt tnh ty ra ca x phng, lm h hi qun o. C. Lm hng cc dung dch pha ch. Lm thc phm lu chn v gim mi v thc phm. D. Gy hao tn nhin liu v khng an ton cho cc ni hi, lm tc cc ng ng dn nc. Cu 12: Cho cc hiroxit: NaOH, Mg(OH)2, Fe(OH)3, Al(OH)3. Hiroxit c tnh baz mnh nht l A. NaOH. B. Mg(OH)2. C. Fe(OH)3. D. Al(OH)3. Cu 13: Cp cht khng xy ra phn ng l A. Na2O v H2O. B. dung dch NaNO3 v dung dch MgCl2. C. dung dch AgNO3 v dung dch KCl. D. dung dch NaOH v Al2O3. Cu 14: Khi dn t t kh CO2 n d vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 thy c A. bt kh v kt ta trng. B. bt kh bay ra. C. kt ta trng xut hin. D. kt ta trng, sau kt ta tan dn. Cu 15: Cho dy cc kim loi: Fe, Na, K, Ca. S kim loi trong dy tc dng c vi nc nhit thng l A. 4. B. 1. C. 2. D. 3. Cu 16: Sn phm to thnh c cht kt ta khi dung dch Ba(HCO3)2 tc dng vi dung dch A. HNO3. B. HCl. C. Na2CO3. D. KNO3. Cu 17: Cho 10 gam mt kim loi kim th tc dng ht vi nc thot ra 5,6 lt kh (ktc). Tn ca kim loi kim th l A. Ba. B. Mg. C. Ca. D. Sr. Cu 18: Cho 10 lt hn hp kh (ktc) gm CO2 v 68,64% CO v th tch i qua 100 gam dung dch Ca(OH)2 7,4% thy tch ra m gam kt ta. Tr s ca m bng A. 10 gam. B. 8 gam. C. 6 gam. D. 12 gam. Cu 19: Thi V lt (ktc) kh CO2 vo 300 ml dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,02M th thu c 0,2 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V l: A. 44,8 ml hoc 89,6 ml B. 224 ml C. 44,8 ml hoc 224 ml D. 44,8 ml Cu 20: Dn 17,6 gam CO2 vo 500 ml dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,6M. Phn ng kt thc thu c bao nhiu gam kt ta? A. 20 gam. B. 30 gam. C. 40 gam. D. 25 gam. Cu 21: Dn V lit CO2 (ktc) vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 thu c 25 gam kt ta v dung dch X, un nng dung dch li thu thm c 5 gam kt ta na. Gi tr ca V l A. 7,84 lit B. 11,2 lit C. 6,72 lit D. 5,6 lit ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------25-

Cu 22: Khi trn ln dung dch cha 0,15 mol NaHCO3 vi dung dch cha 0,10 mol Ba(OH)2, sau phn ng thu c m gam kt ta trng. Gi tr m l (Cho C = 12, O = 16, Na = , Ba = 137) A. 39,40 gam. B. 19,70 gam. C. 39,40 gam. D. 29,55 gam. Cu 23: Ho tan ht 5,00 gam hn hp gm mt mui cacbonat ca kim loi kim v mt mui cacbonat ca kim loi kim th bng dung dch HCl thu c 1,68 lt CO2(kc). C cn dung dch sau phn ng s thu c mt hn hp mui khan nng A. 7,800 gam. B. 5,825 gam. C. 11,100 gam. D. 8,900 gam. Cu 24: Cho mt mu hp kim Na-Ba tc dng vi nc (d) thu c dung dch X v 3,36 lt H2 ( ktc). Th tch dung dch axit H2SO4 2M cn dng trung ha dung dch X l A. 150 ml B. 60 ml C. 75 ml D. 30 ml

NHM V HP CHT CA NHM

Phn 1. Tm tt l thuyt . A. NHM I. V tr v cu to: Nhm c s hiu nguyn t 13, thuc chu k 3, nhm IIIA, chu k 3 BTH 2. Cu to ca nhm: Cu hnh e: 1s22s22p63s23p1 hay [Ne]3s23p1 . S oxi ho: +3. II. Tnh cht vt l: Al mu trng bc, mm, d ko si v dt mng, nh (2,7g/cm3), t0nc = 6600C, dn in v nhit tt. III. Tnh cht ha hc: Nhm l kim loi c tnh kh mnh sau kim loi kim v kim th. Al Al3+ + 3e 1. Tc dng vi phi kim: Tc dng trc tip v mnh vi nhiu phi kim nh: O2, Cl2, S, 2. Tc dng vi axit HCl v H2SO4 long H2: 2Al + 6HCl 2AlCl3 + 3H2 2Al + 6H+ 2Al3+ + 3H2 +5 + 6 Vi HNO3 long hoc c nng, H2SO4 c nng th nhm kh N v S xung s oxi ho thp hn. Al + 4HNO3 long Al(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O 2Al + 6H2SO4 c, nng Al2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O Vi HNO3 v H2SO4 c ngui: khng tc dng . 4. Tc dng vi nc. Nhm c th kh c nc H2: 2Al + 6H2O 2Al(OH)3 + 3H2 Nhng vt bng nhm c ph mng Al2O3 rt mng, mn, bn nn khng cho nc v kh thm qua. 5. Tc dng vi dung dch kim. Nhm tan trong dung dch kim : 2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O 2NaAlO2 (dd) + 3H2 Hin tng trn c gii thch nh sau: - Mng bo v Al2O3 b ph hy trong dung dch kim: Al2O3 + 2NaOH 2NaAlO2+ 2H2O - Nhm kh nc: 2Al + 6H2O 2Al(OH)3 +3H2 -Mng Al(OH)3 b ph hy: Al(OH)3 + NaOH 2NaAlO2 (dd) + 3H2 IV. ng dng v sn xut. 1. ng dng:Ch to my bay, t, tn la, tu v tr, trang tr ni tht, bt nhm trn bt st( tecmit) dng hn ng ray. 2. Sn xut: Trong cng nghip, nhm c sn xut t qung boxit bng phng php in phn. C 2 cng on:Tinh ch qung boxit(Al2O3.2H2O): loi b tp cht SiO2, Fe2O3in phn Al2O3 nng c chy( hn hp Al2O3 vi criolit Na3AlF6): 2Al2O3 p n 4Al + 3O2 B. TMOT SO HP CHAT QUAN TRONG CUA NHOM NHOM OXIT Al2O3 : 1.Ly tnh : Trang thai ran, mau trang, khong tac dung vi nc va khong tan trong nc, t0nc 20500C. 2/ Trang thai t nhien: ton tai 2 dang -dang ngam nc: boxit (Al2O3.nH2O) san xuat nhom -dang khan: emery co o cng cao dung lam a mai 3/ Tnh chat hoa hoc :
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------26-

a. Tnh ben vng: Lc hut gia Al3+ va O2- rat manh tao ra lien ket ben vng co t0nc rat cao, kho b kh thanh kim loai nhom. b. Tnh lng tnh : Al2O3 + 6H+ 2Al3+ + 3 - Tnh baz : Al2O3 + 6HCl 2 AlCl3 + 3 H2O H2O Al2O3 + 2OH- 2 AlO2-+2H2O - Tnh axit : Al2O3 + 2 NaOH 2NaAlO2+ 3 H2O 3.ng dung : Lam o trang sc, CN ky thuat cao, vat lieu mai ( a mai ), nguyen lieu san xuat nhom kim loai II. NHOM HiROXIT Al(OH)3 : 1.. Tnh chat vat ly : Chat ran, ket tua keo, mau trang 2.. Tnh chat hoa hoc a.. Hp chat kem ben : De b phan huy bi nhiet o
2 Al (OH ) 3 t Al 2 O3 + 3H 2 O
0

b.. La hp chat lng tnh : * Tnh baz : Al(OH)3 + 3 HCl AlCl3 + 3H2O Al(OH)3 + 3H+ Al3+ + 3H2O * Tnh axit : Al(OH)3 + NaOH NaAlO2+ 2H2O Al(OH)3 + OH- AlO2-+2H2O Al(OH)3 la hiroxit lng tnh III.NHOM SUNFAT : Phen chua K2SO4. Al2(SO4)3 .24H2O. viet gon: KAl(SO4)2.12H2O Neu thay K+ bang Na+, Li+ hay NH4+ muoi kep khac (phen nhom) Phen chua c s dung trong thuoc da, Cn giay, chat cam mau, lam trong nc. IV: CACH NHAN BIET ION Al3+ TRONG DUNG DCH: Cho t t dung dch NaOH n d, nu c kt ta keo ri kt ta tan dung dch c Al3+. Al3+ + 3OH- Al(OH)3 Al(OH)3 + OH- d AlO2-+2H2O PHN 2. CU HI TRC NGHIM
Cu 1: S electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t Al l A. 4. B. 3. C. 1. D. 2. Cu 2: Al2O3 phn ng c vi c hai dung dch: A. Na2SO4, KOH. B. NaOH, HCl. C. KCl, NaNO3. D. NaCl, H2SO4. Cu 3: Kim loi Al khng phn ng vi dung dch A. NaOH long. B. H2SO4 c, ngui. C. H2SO4 c, nng. D. H2SO4 long. Cu 4: nhit thng, kim loi Al tc dng c vi dung dch A. Mg(NO3)2. B. Ca(NO3)2. C. KNO3. D. Cu(NO3)2. Cu 5: Cht phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH l A. Mg(OH)2. B. Ca(OH)2. C. KOH. D. Al(OH)3. Cu6: phn bit dung dch AlCl3 v dung dch KCl ta dng dung dch A. NaOH. B. HCl. C. NaNO3. D. H2SO4. Cu7: Nguyn liu chnh dng sn xut nhm l A. qung pirit. B. qung boxit. C. qung manhetit. D. qung lmit. Cu 8: Ch dng dung dch KOH phn bit c cc cht ring bit trong nhm no sau y? A. Zn, Al2O3, Al. B. Mg, K, Na. C. Mg, Al2O3, Al. D. Fe, Al2O3, Mg. Cu 9: Kim loi phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH l A. Ag. B. Cu. C. Fe. D. Al. Cu 10: Cht c tnh cht lng tnh l A. NaCl. B. Al(OH)3. C. AlCl3. D. NaOH. Cu 11: Cho phn ng: aAl + bHNO3 cAl(NO3)3 + dNO + eH2O. H s a, b, c, d, e l cc s nguyn, ti gin. Tng (a + b) bng A. 5. B. 4. C. 7. D. 6. Cu 12: Kim loi Al khng phn ng vi dung dch A. H2SO4 c, ngui. B. Cu(NO3)2. C. HCl. D. NaOH. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------27-

Cu 13: Cht phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH l A. Al2O3. B. MgO. C. KOH. D. CuO. Cu 14: Cht khng c tnh cht lng tnh l A. NaHCO3. B. AlCl3. C. Al(OH)3. D. Al2O3. Cu 15: Phn ng ha hc xy ra trong trng hp no di y khng thuc loi phn ng nhit nhm? A. Al tc dng vi Fe2O3 nung nng B. Al tc dng vi CuO nung nng. C. Al tc dng vi Fe3O4 nung nng D. Al tc dng vi axit H2SO4 c nng Cu 16: Al2O3 phn ng c vi c hai dung dch: A. KCl, NaNO3. B. Na2SO4, KOH. C. NaCl, H2SO4. D. NaOH, HCl. Cu 17: Nh t t cho n d dung dch NaOH vo dung dch AlCl3. Hin tng xy ra l A. c kt ta keo trng v c kh bay ln. B. c kt ta keo trng, sau kt ta tan. C. ch c kt ta keo trng. D. khng c kt ta, c kh bay ln. Cu 18: Sc kh CO2 n d vo dung dch NaAlO2. Hin tng xy ra l A. c kt ta nu . B. c kt ta keo trng, sau kt ta li tan. C. c kt ta keo trng. D. dung dch vn trong sut. Cu 19: Nhm hidroxit thu c t cch no sau y? A. Cho d dung dch HCl vo dung dch natri aluminat. B. Thi kh CO2 vo dung dch natri aluminat. C. Cho d dung dch NaOH vo dung dch AlCl3. D. Cho Al2O3 tc dng vi nc Cu 20: Cc dung dch MgCl2 v AlCl3 u khng mu. phn bit 2 dung dch ny c th dng dung dch ca cht no sau y? A. NaOH. B. HNO3. C. HCl. D. NaCl. Cu 21: Cho 2,7 gam Al tc dng hon ton vi dung dch NaOH d. Sau khi phn ng kt thc, th tch kh H2 ( ktc) thot ra l (Cho Al = 27) A. 3,36 lt. B. 2,24 lt. C. 4,48 lt. D. 6,72 lt. Cu 22: Cho bt nhm tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (d) thu c 6,72 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Khi lng bt nhm phn ng l (Cho Al = 27) A. 2,7 gam. B. 10,4 gam. C. 5,4 gam. D. 16,2 gam. Cu 23: Cho 5,4 gam bt nhm tc dng vi 100 ml dung dch NaOH 0,2M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c V lt kh hiro ( ktc). Gi tr ca V l (Cho H = 1, Al = 27) A. 0,336 lt. B. 0,672 lt. C. 0,448 lt. D. 0,224 lt. Cu 24: Ho tan m gam Al vo dung dch HNO3 rt long ch thu c hn hp kh gm 0,015 mol N2O v 0,01 mol NO. Gi tr ca m l A. 8,1 gam. B. 1,53 gam. C. 1,35 gam. D. 13,5 gam. Cu 25: Ha tan ht m gam hn hp Al v Fe trong lng d dung dch H2SO4 long thot ra 0,4 mol kh, cn trong lng d dung dch NaOH th thu c 0,3 mol kh. Gi tr m dng l A. 11,00 gam. B. 12,28 gam. C. 13,70 gam. D. 19,50 gam. Cu 26: Ha tan hon ton hp kim Al - Mg trong dung dch HCl, thu c 8,96 lt kh H2 (ktc). Nu cng cho mt lng hp kim nh trn tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, thu c 6,72 lt kh H2 (ktc). Thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca Al trong hp kim l A. 69,2%. B. 65,4%. C. 80,2%. D. 75,4%. Cu27. Cho dung dch cha 2,8 gam NaOH tc dng vi dung dch cha 3,42 gam Al2(SO4)3. Sau phn ng khi lng kt ta thu c l Cu28: Cho 200 ml dung dch AlCl3 1,5M tc dng vi V lt dung dch NaOH 0,5M, lng kt ta thu c l 15,6 gam. Gi tr ln nht ca V l (cho H = 1, O = 16, Al = 27) A. 1,2. B. 1,8. C. 2,4. D. 2.

ST v HP CHT
PHN 1. Tm tt l thuyt . Bai 31 ST 1. V tr: Fe thuc 26, Nhm VIIIB, Chu k 4 2. Cu hnh electron nguyn t: Cu hnh electron : 1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2 hay [Ar] 3d64s2 KL: Fe l nguyn t d, c 2 e ngoi cng c th nhng 2e hoc 3e phn lp 4s v 3d tr thnh ion Fe2+v Fe3+. Fe Fe2+ [Ar]3d6 + 2e Fe Fe3+ [Ar]3d5 +3e II. Tnh cht vt l: St l kim loi mu trng, hi xm, do, dai, d rn, KLR ln (D = 7,9 g/cm3), nng chy 1540oC. Dn in, dn nhit tt, c tnh nhim t.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------28-

III. Tnh cht ha hc: Fe c tnh kh trung bnh - Khi tc dng vi cht oxi ha yu, st b oxi ha n s oxi ha +2: Fe Fe+2 + 2e - Khi tc dng vi cht oxi ha mnh, st b oxi ha n s oxi ha +3: Fe Fe+3 + 3e 1. Tc dng vi phi kim : nhit cao, st kh nguyn t phi kim thnh ion m v b oxi ha n s oxi ha +2 hoc +3 Fe + S
0

Fe S ( st II sunfua)

+2

3 Fe + 2 O2

+ /3 8

Fe 3 O 4 ( oxit st t)

(FeO. Fe2O3) 1 o o +3 2 Fe +3 Cl 2 t 2 Fe Cl 3 (st III clorua) 2. Tc dng vi axt a. Fe kh ion H+ ca dung dch HCl, H2SO4 long thnh H2, Fe b oxi ha n s oxi ha +2.
Fe + H 2 SO 4 Fe SO4 + H 2
o

+1

+2

b. Fe kh N hoc S trong dung dch HNO3 long hoc H2SO4, HNO3 c, nng n s oxi ha thp hn, cn Fe b oxi ha n s oxi ha +3 o +5 +3 + 2 o +5 +3 +4 t Fe +4H N O3(l) Fe (NO3)3+ N O+ H2O Fe +6H N O3() Fe (NO3)3 + 3 N O 2 + 3H2O
0

+5

+ 6

2 Fe + 6 H 2 S O4 () t Fe 2(SO4)3 + SO 2 + 6H2O Ch : St b th ng vi axt HNO3 c, ngui hoc H2SO4 c, ngui. 3. Tc dng vi dung dch mui Fe c th kh ion ca kim loi ng sau n trong dy in ha +2 +2 VD: Fe + Cu SO4 Fe SO4 + Cu 4. Tc dng vi nc - nhit thng, Fe khng kh c nc - nhit cao, Fe kh hi nc to ra H2 v Fe3O4 hoc FeO 3Fe + 4H2O Fe3O4 + 4 H2 Fe + H2O FeO + H2 IV- Trng thi t nhin: St tn ti ch yu dng hp cht trong: qung manhetit (Fe3O4), qung hematit (Fe2O3), qung hematit nu ( Fe2O3.nH2O), qung xirit (FeCO3), qung pirit (FeS2). St c trong hemoglobin (huyt cu t) ca mu. St t do c trong nhng thin thch. Bi 32: HP CHT CA ST I. HP CHT Fe(II): St(II) oxit, St(II) hiroxit, Mui st(II). - Tnh cht ha hc c trng ca Fe(II) l tnh kh (nhng 1e): Fe2+ Fe3+ + 1e 1/. St (II) oxt: FeO - FeO tan trong dd HNO3 long NO : 3FeO+10HNO3(l) 3Fe(NO3)3+NO+5H2O Phng trnh ion thu gn: 3FeO+NO3- +10H+ 3Fe3++NO+5H2O
0

+6

+3

+4

t o < 570o C

t o > 570 o C

C O - FeO cht rn, en, khng c trong t nhin. iu ch: Fe O + 2FeO+CO H2


2 3
5 0 00 c

2/. St (II) hiroxit Fe(OH)2 - Fe(OH)2 rn mu trng hi xanh, khng tan trong nc. Fe(OH)2 km bn trong khng kh => d b oxi ha thnh Fe(OH)3 mu nu : 4Fe(OH)2+O2+2H2O 4Fe(OH)3 - iu ch Fe(OH)2 tinh khit: iu ch trong iu kin khng c khng kh: Fe2+ +2OH- Fe(OH)3 3/. Mui Fe(II) - Mui st(II) + cht oxi ha Mui st(III) VD: 2 F eCl 2 + Cl 2 2 F eCl 3 - Mui st(II) a s tan trong nc, kt tinh dng ngm nc: FeSO4.7H2O , FeCl2.4H2O
+2 +3

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------29-

F e - iu ch: F e O +HCl F e H) (O 2

Mui st(II)

VD:Fe +2HCl FeCl2+ H2 hoc FeO+H2SO4

FeSO4+H2O II. HP CHT Fe(III) Fe2O3. Fe(OH)3. Cc mui st(III). Tnh cht ha hc c trng ca hp cht Fe(III) l tnh oxi ha (nhn e) Fe3+ +1e Fe2+ hoc Fe3++3e Fe 1/. St (III) oxit : Fe2O3 Rn, nu, khng tan trong nc - nhit cao, Fe2O3 b CO hoc H2 kh mnh c c Fe2O3+Al t0a o Al2O3+Fe Fe2O3+ 3CO t0a o 2Fe+3CO2 - Trong t nhin: di dng qung hmatit dng luyn gang - Fe2O3 l 1 oxit baz => tan trong axit mnh mui Fe(III) Fe2O3+6HCl 2FeCl3+3H2O t0 * iu ch: 2Fe(OH)3 Fe2O3+3H2O 2/. Fe(OH)3 rn, nu, khng tan trong nc. Fe(OH)3 tan trong axit mnh mui Fe(III) 2Fe(OH)3+3H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3+ 6H2O *iu ch:Fe3++3OH- Fe(OH)3 3/Mui Fe(III): Cc mui Fe(III) a s tan trong nc. Kt tinh thng dng ngm nc. FeCl3.6H2O, Fe2(SO4)3.9H2O *Mui st (III)+ KL Mui Fe(II) VD: 2 F eCl 3 + F e 3 F eCl 2
+3 0 +2

Oxi ha

kh

2 F eCl 3 + C u 2 F eCl 2 + C uCl 2

+3

+2

+2

* FeCl3 dng lm cht xc tc trong tng hp hu c BI 33: HP KIM CA ST I. GANG. 1. Khi nim gang: Gang l hp kim ca St vi Cacbon trong c t 2-5% khi lng Cacbon ngoi ra cn c mt lng nh cc nguyn t Si, Mn, S. . . 2. Phn loi gang: c 2 loi: - Gang xm( cha cacbon) Dng c b my, ng dn nc, cnh ca. . . - Gang trng Cha t cacbon hn v Cacbon ch yu dng xementit( Fe3C), dng luyn thp. 3. Sn xut gang: a. Nguyn tc: Kh qung st oxyt bng than cc trong l cao. b. Nguyn liu:Qung st oxyt( Hematit : Fe2O3). Than cc, cht chy( CaCO3 hoc SiO2). c. Cc phn ng xy ra: * Phn ng to cht kh CO: C + O2 CO2 CO2 + C 2CO * Phn ng kh st oxyt: (1) 3Fe2O3 + CO = CO2 + 3Fe3O4 (2) Fe3O4 + CO = 3CO2 + FeO (3) FeO + CO = CO2 + Fe * Phn ng to x: CaCO3 CaO + CO2 CaO + SiO2 CaSiO3( Canxi Silicat) II. THP. 1. Khi nim thp: Thp l hp kim ca ca st cha t 0.012% khi lng cacbon cng vi mt s nguyn t khc( Si, Mn, Cr, Ni. . .) 2. Phn loi thp: *Thp thng( Thp cacbon). Thp mm: (cha < 0.1% C).Thp cng: ( cha >0.9% C). *Thp c bit: - Thp cha 13% Mn Rt cng Dng lm my nghin . - Thp cha 20% Cr v 10% Ni Rt cng Dng lm dng c gia nh. - Thp cha 18% W v 5% Cr Rt cng Dng lm my nghin . . .
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------30-

3. Sn xut thp: * Nguyn tc: Gim hm lng cc tp cht C. Si, S, Mn. . . .c trong Gang bng cch oxy ha cc cht d thnh oxyt ri bin thnh x v tch ra khi thp. * Cc phng php luyn thp: a. Phng php Bet-x-me. b. Phng php Mac-tanh c. Phng php l in. PHN 2. CU HI TRC NGHIM
Cu 1: Cu hnh electron no sau y l ca ion Fe2+? A. [Ar]3d6. B. [Ar]3d5. C. [Ar]3d4. D. [Ar]3d3. Cu 2: Trong cc loi qung st, qung c hm lng st cao nht l A. hematit nu. B. manhetit. C. xierit. D. hematit . Cu 3: Hai dung dch u phn ng c vi kim loi Fe l A. CuSO4 v ZnCl2. B. CuSO4 v HCl. C. ZnCl2 v FeCl3. D. HCl v AlCl3. Cu 4: Cho st phn ng vi dung dch HNO3 c, nng thu c mt cht kh mu nu . Cht kh l A. NO2. B. N2O. C. NH3. D. N2. Cu 5: Ho tan m gam Fe trong dung dch HCl d, sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c 4,48 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Gi tr ca m l (Cho Fe = 56, H = 1, Cl = 35,5) A. 2,8. B. 1,4. C. 5,6. D. 11,2. Cu 6: Ho tan hon ton m gam Fe trong dung dch HNO3 long d, sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c 0,448 lt kh NO duy nht ( ktc). Gi tr ca m l (Cho Fe = 56, H = 1, Cl = 35,5) A. 11,2. B. 0,56. C. 5,60. D. 1,12. Cu 7. Bao nhiu gam clo tc dng va kim loi st to ra 32,5 gam FeCl3? A. 21,3 gam B. 14,2 gam. C. 13,2 gam. D. 23,1 gam. Cu 8: Cho mt t bt st nguyn cht tc dng ht vi dung dch H2SO4 long thu c 560 ml mt cht kh ( ktc). Nu cho mt lng gp i bt st ni trn tc dng ht vi dung dch CuSO4 th thu c m gam mt cht rn. Gi tr m l A. 1,4 gam. B. 4,2 gam. C. 2,3 gam. D. 3,2 gam. Cu 9: Hn hp X gm Cu v Fe, trong Cu chim 43,24% khi lng. Cho 14,8 gam X tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl thy c V lt kh (ktc). Gi tr ca V l: A. 1,12 lt. B. 2,24 lt. C. 4,48 lt. D. 3,36 lt. Cu 10: Cho 20 gam hn hp bt Mg v Fe tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl thy c 1 gam kh H2 bay ra. Lng mui clorua to ra trong dung dch l bao nhiu gam ? A. 40,5 gam. B. 45,5 gam. C. 55,5 gam. D. 60,5 gam. Cu 11. Cho m gam Fe vo dung dch HNO3 ly d ta thu c 8,96 lit(kc) hn hp kh X gm 2 kh NO v NO2 c t khi hi hn hp X so vi oxi bng 1,3125. Gi tr ca m l A. 0,56 gam. B. 1,12 gam. C. 11,2 gam. D. 5,6 gam. Cu 12: Phn hy Fe(OH)3 nhit cao n khi lng khng i, thu c cht rn l A. FeO. B. Fe2O3. C. Fe3O4. D. Fe(OH)2. Cu 13: Sn phm to thnh c cht kt ta khi dung dch Fe2(SO4)3 tc dng vi dung dch A. NaOH. B. Na2SO4. C. NaCl. D. CuSO4. Cu 14: Dy gm hai cht ch c tnh oxi ho l A. Fe(NO3)2, FeCl3. B. Fe(OH)2, FeO. C. Fe2O3, Fe2(SO4)3. D. FeO, Fe2O3. Cu 15: Cho s chuyn ho: Fe X FeCl3 Fe(OH)3 (mi mi tn ng vi mt phn ng). Hai cht X, Y ln lt l A. HCl, NaOH. B. HCl, Al(OH)3. C. NaCl, Cu(OH)2. D. Cl2, NaOH. Cu 16: Hp cht st (II) sunfat c cng thc l A. FeSO4. B. Fe(OH)3. C. Fe2O3. D. Fe2(SO4)3. Cu 17: St c th tan trong dung dch no sau y? A. FeCl2 . B. FeCl3. C. MgCl2. D. AlCl3. Cu 18: Hp cht no sau y ca st va c tnh oxi ha, va c tnh kh? A. FeO. B. Fe2O3. C. Fe(OH)3. D. Fe(NO3)3. Cu 19: Nhn nh no sau y sai? A. St tan c trong dung dch CuSO4. B. St tan c trong dung dch FeCl3. C. St tan c trong dung dch FeCl2. D. ng tan c trong dung dch FeCl3. Cu 20: Cht c tnh oxi ho nhng khng c tnh kh l A. Fe. B. Fe2O3. C. FeCl2. D. FeO. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------31Y

Cu 21: Cho phn ng: a Fe + b HNO3 c Fe(NO3)3 + d NO + e H2O Cc h s a, b, c, d, e l nhng s nguyn, n gin nht. Th tng (a+b) bng A. 3. B. 6. C. 4. D. 5. Cu 22: Cho dy cc cht: FeCl2, CuSO4, BaCl2, KNO3. S cht trong dy phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH l A. 2. B. 1. C. 3. D. 4. Cu 23: Cho dy cc kim loi: Na, Cu, Fe, Ag, Zn. S kim loi trong dy phn ng c vi dung dch HCl l A. 5. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4. Cu 24: Kh hon ton 16 gam Fe2O3 bng kh CO nhit cao. Kh i ra sau phn ng c dn vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 d. Khi lng kt ta thu c l A. 15 gam B. 20 gam. C. 25 gam. D. 30 gam. Cu:25 Ho tan hon ton 2,81 gam hn hp gm Fe2O3, MgO, ZnO trong 500 ml axit H2SO4 0,1M (va ). Sau phn ng, hn hp mui sunfat khan thu c khi c cn dung dch c khi lng l A. 3,81 gam. B. 4,81 gam. C. 5,81 gam. D. 6,81 gam. Cu 26: Cho 32 gam hn hp gm MgO, Fe2O3, CuO tc dng va vi 300ml dung dch H2SO4 2M. Khi lng mui thu c l A. 60 gam. B. 80 gam. C. 85 gam. D. 90 gam. Cu 27: Ha tn 10 gam hn hp bt Fe v Fe2O3 bng dd HCl thu c 1,12 lt kh (ktc) v dung dch A. Cho dung dch A tc dng vi NaOH d, thu c kt ta. Nung kt ta trong khng kh n khi lng khng i c cht rn c khi lng l: A. 11,2 gam. B. 12,4 gam. C. 15,2 gam. D. 10,9 gam. Cu 28: Ho tan 5,6 gam Fe bng dung dch H2SO4 long (d), thu c dung dch X. Dung dch X phn ng va vi V ml dung dch KMnO4 0,5M. Gi tr ca V l (cho Fe = 56) A. 40. B. 80. C. 60. D. 20.

CRM v HP CHT
Phn 1. Tm tt l thuyt . A. CROM 1. V tr ca - Cu to:Crom thuc 24, nhm VIB, chu k 4. Cu hnh electron: Cr (Z=24): 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s1 Hay [Ar]3d54s1 II. TNH CHT VT L: Crom c mu trng bc, rt cng, kh nng chy (tnc = 1890oC).Crom l kim loi nng, D = 7,2g/cm3. III. TNH CHT HA HC: Crom l kim loi c tnh kh mnh hn st km hn km, s oxi ha t +1 n +6( thng gp l +2, +3, +6). 1. Tc dng vi phi kim - nhit thng Crom ch tc dng vi Flo, bn trong kk v c lp Cr 2 O3 bo v. - nhit cao, crom kh nhiu phi kim: oxi, clo, lu hunh,
4Cr + 3O2 2Cr 2 O 3 2Cr + 3Cl2 2Cr Cl 3 4Cr + 3S 2Cr 2 S 3 2. Tc dng vi nc: Cr khng tc dng vi H2O 3. Tc dng vi axit HCl, H2SO4 long nng mui Cr(II) nu khng c kk v kh H2:
to to to

+3

+3

+3

+3

Cr + 2HCl Cr Cl 2 + H2

+2

Ch : Tng t nhm, crom khng tc dng vi axit HNO3 v H2SO4 c, ngui. V. SN XUT
tch

Qung cromit FeO.Cr2O3

oxit crom Cr2O3 Cr ( tinh khit 97 99%): Cr2O3 + 2Al 2Cr + Al2O3 B. MT S HP CHT CA CROM II.Hp cht crom(III). 1.Crom(III) oxit: Cr2O3 l cht rn ,mu lc lc thm, khng tan trong nc. Cr2O3: l oxt lng tnh tan trong axt v kim c. 2.Crom(III) hiroxit Cr(OH)3 l cht rn , mu lc xm ,khng tan trong nc . .iu ch: CrCl3+3NaOHCr(OH)3+3NaCl.
to

nhit nhm

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------32-

Cr(OH)3 : hiroxit lng tnh . Cr(OH)3+ NaOHNaCrO2+2H2O Cr(OH)3 + 3HClCrCl3+3H2O Tnh axit Natricromit Tnh baz 3.Mui crom(III): c tnh oxi ha v tnh kh. Trong mi trng axt mui Cr(III) d b khmui Cr(II) 2Cr+3 + Zn02Cr+2 + Zn+2 (c.oxh) (c.k) Trong mi trng kim mui Cr(III) b oxi ha thnh mui Cr(VI).2Cr+3+3Br20+16OH-2CrO4-2+16Br+8H2O III.Hp cht Crom(VI). 1.Crom(VI) oxt CrO3 l cht rn , mu thm . -L oxt axt tc dng vi nc 2axit: CrO3 + H2O H2CrO4 (axt cromic) 2CrO3+H2O H2Cr2O7(axit icromic) CrO3 c tnh oxi ha rt mnh ,mt s cht v c v hu c (S,C,P,NH3, C2H5OH) bc chy khi tip xc vi CrO3 Cr2O3 Vd:2CrO3 + 2 NH3 Cr2O3 +N2 + 3H2O 2.Mui Cromat v icromat. Mui Cromat CrO42-(mu vng) v mui icromat Cr2O72-(mu da cam) u c tnh oxi ha mnh. Trong mi trng axt mui crom(VI) b kh mui Crom(III). Vd: + K2Cr2O7 + 6 FeSO4 +7H2SO4 Cr2(SO4)3 +3Fe2(SO4)3 +K2SO4 +7H2O + K2Cr2O7 +6KI +7H2SO4 Cr2(SO4)3 + 4 K2SO4 +7H2O +3I2 .Trong mi trng thch hp :2CrO42- + 2H+ Cr2O72- + H2O (mu vng) (mu da cam) PHN 2. CU HI TRC NGHIM
Cu 1: Cu hnh electron ca ion Cr3+ l: A. [Ar]3d5. B. [Ar]3d4. C. [Ar]3d3. D. [Ar]3d2. Cu 2: Cc s oxi ho c trng ca crom l: A. +2; +4, +6. B. +2, +3, +6. C. +1, +2, +4, +6. D. +3, +4, +6. Cu 3: Nh t t dung dch H2SO4 long vo dung dch K2CrO4 th mu ca dung dch chuyn t A. khng mu sang mu vng. B. mu da cam sang mu vng. C. khng mu sang mu da cam. D. mu vng sang mu da cam. Cu 4: Oxit lng tnh l A. Cr2O3. B. MgO. C. CrO. D. CaO. Cu 5: Cho phan ng : NaCrO2 + Br2 + NaOH Na2CrO4 + NaBr + H2O Khi cn bng phan ng trn, h s cua NaCrO2 la A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4. Cu 6: Cp kim loai no sau y bn trong khng khi va nc do co mang oxit bao v? A. Fe va Al. B. Fe va Cr. C. Mn va Cr. D. Al va Cr. Cu 7: Khi so snh trong cng mt iu kin th Cr l kim loi c tnh kh mnh hn A. Fe. B. K. C. Na. D. Ca. Cu 8: Khi lung K2Cr2O7 cn dng oxi ho ht 0,6 mol FeSO4 trong dung dch c H2SO4 long lm mi trng l (Cho O = 16, K = 39, Cr = 52) A. 29,4 gam B. 59,2 gam. C. 24,9 gam. D. 29,6 gam Cu 9: Mun iu ch 6,72 lit khi clo (kc) thi khi lung K2Cr2O7 ti thiu cn dng tac dung vi dung dch HCl c, d la (Cho O = 16, K = 39, Cr = 52) A. 29,4 gam B. 27,4 gam. C. 24,9 gam. D. 26,4 gam Cu 10: Khi lng bt nhm cn dung thu c 78 gam crom t Cr2O3 bng phan ng nhit nhm (gia s hiu sut phan ng la 100%) la A. 13,5 gam B. 27,0 gam. C. 54,0 gam. D. 40,5 gam Cu 11: Cho 13,5 gam hn hp cc kim loi Al, Cr, Fe tc dng vi lng d dung dch H2SO4 long nng (trong iu kin khng c khng kh), thu c dung dch X v 7,84 lt kh H 2 ( ktc). C cn dung dch X (trong iu kin khng c khng kh) c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l A. 42,6. B. 45,5. C. 48,8. D. 47,1.

NG, KM v HP CHT
Phn 1. Tm tt l thuyt . A. NG
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------33-

I. V tr v cu to: Kim loi chuyn tip, thuc nhm IB, Chu k 4, S hiu NT l 29, K hiu Cu 64 29 Cu . Cu hnh e: 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s1. hoc: [ Ar ] 3d104s1.Trong cc hp cht ng c soh ph bin l: +1; +2. Cu hnh e ca: Ion Cu+: [ Ar ] 3d10 Ion Cu2+: [ Ar ] 3d9 b. Cu to ca n cht: - ng c BKNT nh hn kim loi nhm IA - Ion ng c in tch ln hn kim loi nhm IA - Kim loi ng c cu to kiu mng tinh th lp phng tm din l tinh th c chc lin kt trong n cht ng bn vng hn. 3. Mt s tnh cht khc ca ng: - BKNT: 0,128 (nm). - BK cc ion Cu2+: 0,076(nm); Cu+: 0,095 (nm) - m in: 1,9 - Nng ln ion ha I1, I2: 744; 1956 (KJ/mol) - Th in cc chun: E0Cu2+/Cu: +0,34(V). II. Tnh cht vt l: L kim loi mu , do, d ko si v trng mng. Dn in v nhit rt cao (ch km hn bc). D = 8,98g/cm3; t0nc = 10830C III. Ha tnh: Cu l KL km hot ng; c tnh kh yu. 1. P vi phi kim: - Khi t nng 2Cu + O2 2CuO (ng II oxit) - Cu td Vi Cl2, Br2, S nhit thng hoc un nng. PT: Cu + Cl2 CuCl2 (ng clorua) Cu + S CuS (ng sunfua). 2. Tc dng vi axit: a. Vi HCl, H2SO4(l): Khng phn ng nhng nu c mt O2 ca khng kh th Cu b oh Cu2+ (H 7.11) PT: 2Cu + 4HCl + O2 2CuCl2 + 2H2O. b. Vi HNO3, H2SO4 c nng:
3 Cu + 8 H NO3 (l ) 3 Cu ( N 0 3 ) 2 + 2 NO + 4 H 2 0
0 +5 +2 +2

Cu + 4 H NO3 ( ) Cu ( N 0 3 ) 2 + 2 N 0 2 + 2 H 2 0

+5

+2

+4

Cu + 2 H 2 SO 4 ( , n) Cu ( SO3 ) 2 + 2 S O2 + 4 H 2 0

+6

+2

+4

3. Tc dng vi dung dch mui: - ng kh c ion ca nhng kim loi ng sau n trong dy in ha trong dung dch mui KL t do TD: Cu + 2AgN03 Cu(N03)2 + 2Ag Cu + 2Ag+ Cu2+ + 2Ag B. Mt s hp cht ca ng: 1. ng (II) Oxit: CuO l cht rn, mu en Tnh oxi ha: TD: Cu O + C 0 Cu+ C 0 2 Cu O + 2 N H 3 3 Cu + N 2 +3H 2 0 Tnh baz : CuO + 2HCl CuCl2 + H2O 2. ng (II) hiroxit: Cu(OH)2 Cht rn, mu xanh Tnh baz: Phn ng vi axit M + H2O TD: Cu(OH)2 + 2HCl CuCl2 + 2H20 t Cu(OH)2 d b nhit phn: Cu(OH)2 CuO + H20 3. ng II sunfat: CuS04 (khan) mu trng, cht rn. CuSO4 hp th nc to thnh CuSO4.5H2O mu xanh dng CuSO4 khan dng pht hin du vt ca nc trong cc cht lng. PHN 2. CU HI TRC NGHIM
0

+2

t0

+2

t0

Cu 1: Cu hnh electron ca ion Cu l A. [Ar]4s13d10.B. [Ar]4s23d9. C. [Ar]3d104s1.D. [Ar]3d94s2. Cu 2: Cu hnh electron ca ion Cu2+ l A. [Ar]3d7. B. [Ar]3d8. C. [Ar]3d9. D. [Ar]3d10. Cu 3: C 4 dung dch mui ring bit: CuCl2, ZnCl2, FeCl3, AlCl3. Nu thm dung dch KOH (d) vo 4 dung dch trn th s cht kt ta thu c l ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------34-

A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4. Cu 4: Hai kim loi u phn ng vi dung dch Cu(NO3)2 gii phng kim loi Cu l A. Al v Fe. B. Fe v Au. C. Al v Ag. D. Fe v Ag. Cu 5: Cp cht khng xy ra phn ng l A. Fe + Cu(NO3)2. B. Cu + AgNO3. C. Zn + Fe(NO3)2. D. Ag + Cu(NO3)2. Cu 6: Dung dch FeSO4 v dung dch CuSO4 u tc dng c vi A. Ag. B. Fe. C. Cu. D. Zn. Cu 7: Kim loi Cu phn ng c vi dung dch A. FeSO4. B. AgNO3. C. KNO3. D. HCl. Cu 8: Hai kim loi c th iu ch bng phng php nhit luyn l A. Ca v Fe. B. Mg v Zn. C. Na v Cu. D. Fe v Cu. Cu 9: Cht khng kh c st oxit ( nhit cao) l A. Cu. B. Al. C. CO. D. H2. Cu 10: Dung dch mui no sau y tc dng c vi c Ni v Pb? A. Pb(NO3)2. B. Cu(NO3)2. C. Fe(NO3)2. D. Ni(NO3)2. Cu 11: loi b kim loi Cu ra khi hn hp bt gm Ag v Cu, ngi ta ngm hn hp kim loi trn vo lng d dung dch A. AgNO3. B. HNO3. C. Cu(NO3)2. D. Fe(NO3)2. Cu 12: Tt c cc kim loi Fe, Zn, Cu, Ag u tc dng c vi dung dch A. HCl. B. H2SO4 long. C. HNO3 long. D. KOH. Cu 13: Mt kim loi phn ng vi dung dch CuSO4 to ra Cu. Kim loi l A. Fe. B. Ag. C. Cu. D. Na. Cu 14: ng (Cu) tc dng c vi dung dch A. H2SO4 c, nng. B. H2SO4 long. C. FeSO4. D. HCl. Cu 15: Kim loi M phn ng c vi: dung dch HCl, dung dch Cu(NO3)2, dung dch HNO3 (c, ngui). Kim loi M l A. Al. B. Zn. C. Fe. D. Ag. Cu 16: Khi cho Cu tc dng vi dung dch cha H2SO4 long v NaNO3, vai tr ca NaNO3 trong phn ng l A. cht xc tc. B. cht oxi ho. C. mi trng. D. cht kh. Cu 17: Trng hp xy ra phn ng l A. Cu + Pb(NO3)2 (long) B. Cu + HCl (long) C. Cu + HCl (long) + O2 D. Cu + H2SO4 (long) Cu 18: Hp cht no sau y khng c tnh lng tnh? A. ZnO. B. Zn(OH)2. C. ZnSO4. D. Zn(HCO3)2. Cu 19: Cho dung dch NaOH vo dung dch mui sunfat ca mt kim loi c ho tr II thy sinh ra kt ta tan trong dung dch NaOH d. Mui sunfat l mui no sau y? A. MgSO4. B. CaSO4. C. MnSO4. D. ZnSO4. Cu 20: Dy no sau y sp xp cc kim loi ng theo th t tnh kh tng dn? A. Pb, Ni, Sn, Zn. B. Pb, Sn, Ni, Zn. C. Ni, Sn, Zn, Pb. D. Ni, Zn, Pb, Sn. Cu 21: St ty l st c ph ln b mt bi kim loi no sau y? A. Zn. B. Ni. C. Sn. D. Cr. Cu 22: Cho 19,2 gam kim loi M tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 long, d thu c 4,48 lt kh duy nht NO (ktc). Kim loi M l A. Mg. B. Cu. C. Fe. D. Zn. Cu 23: Cp cht khng xy ra phn ng ho hc l A. Cu + dung dch FeCl3. B. Fe + dung dch HCl. C. Fe + dung dch FeCl3. D. Cu + dung dch FeCl2. Cu 24: Hai kim loi c th c iu ch bng phng php in phn dung dch l A. Al v Mg. B. Na v Fe. C. Cu v Ag. D. Mg v Zn. Cu 25: Cho 7,68 gam Cu tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO3 long thy c kh NO thot ra. Khi lng mui nitrat sinh ra trong dung dch l A. 21, 56 gam. B. 21,65 gam. C. 22,56 gam. D. 22,65 gam. Cu 26: t 12,8 gam Cu trong khng kh. Ho tan cht rn thu c vo dung dch HNO3 0,5M thy thot ra 448 ml kh NO duy nht (ktc). Th tch ti thiu dung dch HNO3 cn dng ho tan cht rn l A. 0,84 lt. B. 0,48 lt. C. 0,16 lt. D. 0,42 lt.

Bi 3

S LC V NIKEN KM CH THIT

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------35-

Phn 1: l thuyt . I/NIKEN(Ni) Ni 28,nhm VIIIB,chu k 4 a.L tnh:Ni l kl mu trng bc,rt cng. b.Ha tnh Ni c tnh kh yu hn Fe,tc dng vi nhiu n cht v hp cht nhng khng tc dng vi H2. VD: Ni + Cl2 t0 NiCl2 2Ni + O2 5000C 2NiO c.ng dng: Ni c nhiu ng dng rt quang trng:chng g cho st,lm cht xc tc... II/KM(Zn) Zn 30,nhm IIB,chu k 4 a.L tnh:Zn l KL c mu lam nhc. - t0 thng Zn kh gin 100-1500C do v dai 2000C gin. -Zn v hp cht rn ca Zn khng c,ring ZnO(h) rt c. b.Ha tnh Zn l KL hat ng,c tnh kh mnh hn Fe -Zn tc dng vi O2,S...khi ung nng 2Zn + O2 t0 2ZnO Zn + Cl2 ZnCl2 -Zn tc dnh vi axit,kim,mui : Zn + HCl ZnCl2 + H2 ; Zn + FeCl2 ZnCl2 + Fe c.ng dng Zn dng Chng g cho st,to hp kim vi ng , Sx pin kh, ZnO lm thuc gim au,cha bnh nga.... III/CH(Pb) Pb 82,nhmIVA,ck 6 a.L tnh: -Pb l Kl mu trng hi xanh,mn d dt mng. Pb v hp cht ca ch rt c b.Ha tnh Tc dng vi O2 : 2Pb + O2 t PbO; Tc dng vi S :Pb + S t PbS c.ng dng Pb dng Ch to bn cc acquy,v dy cp. Ch to thit b bo v khi cc tia t ngoi. IV/THIC(Sn) Sn 50,nhm IVA,ck 5 a.L tnh: diu kin thng:Sn l KL trng bc,mm d dt mng. Sn tn ti 2 dng th hnh:Sn trng v Sn xm SnTrng Gim t0 SnXm b.Ha tnh Sn tan chm trong HCl lang Sn + 2HCl SnCl2 + H2 0 un nng,Sn tc dng vi O2 :Sn + O2 t SnO2 c.ng dng Sn dng chng g(st ty), l thit dng trong cc t in, Sn dng sx hp kim, SnO 2 lm men(gm,s) PHN 2. CU HI TRC NGHIM 1/ Dy no sau y sp xp cc kim loi theo th t tnh kh tng dn? A. Pb, Ni, Sn, Zn. B. Pb, Sn, Ni, Zn. C. Ni, Sn, Zn, Pb. D. Ni, Zn, Sn, Pb. 2/ St ty l st c ph ln b mt bi kim loi no sau y? A. Zn. B. Ni. C. Sn. D. Cr. 4/ Hp cht no sau y khng c tnh lng tnh? A. ZnO. B. Zn(OH)2. C. ZnSO4. D. Zn(HCO3)2. 5/ Cho dd NaOH vo dd mui sunfat ca mt kim loi c ha tr II thy sinh ra kt ta tan trong dd NaOH d. Mui sunfat l mui no sau y? A.MgSO4. B. CaSO4. C. MnSO4. D. ZnSO4. SBT 1/ ln sch mt loi thy ngn c ln tp cht Zn, Sn & Pb cn khuy loi thy ngn ny trong A. dung dch Zn(NO3)2. B. dung dch Sn(NO3)2. C. dung dch Pb(NO3)2. D. dung dch Hg(NO3)2. 2/ Hai mu km c khi lng bng nhau. Cho mt mu tan hon ton trong dung dch HCl to ra 6,8 g mui. Cho mu cn li tan hon ton trong dung dch H2SO4 th khi lng mui c to ra l A. 16,1 g. B. 8.05 g. C. 13,6 g. D. 7,42 g. 4/ Ngm mt bn km vo 0,2 lt dung dch AgNO3. Sau khi phn ng kt thc ly bn km ra, sy kh, thy khi lng bn km tng 15,1 g. Nng mol ca dung dch AgNO3 l A. 0.5 M. B. 1.0 M. C. 0,75 M. D. 1,5 M. 5/ Kim loi no sau y khng phi l kim loi chuyn tip( nhm B). A. Zn. B. Pb. C. Ni. D. Cu. Phn 3. Bi tp ca Crom, ng, Niken, Km, Ch, Thit cho hs kh- gii
0 0

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------36-

3/ Cho 20,4 g hn hp Mg, Zn, Ag vo cc ng 600ml dung dch HCl 1m (va ). Sau khi phn ng kt thc, thm dn NaOH vo t kt ta ti a. Lc kt ta v nung nhit cao n khi lng khng i c a gam cht rn. Gi tr ca a l A. 23,2. B. 25,2. C. 27,4. D. 28.1. 3/ Cho 32 gam hn hp gm MgO, Fe2O3, CuO td vi 300 ml dd H2SO4 2M. khi lng mui thu c l A. 60 gam. B. 80 gam. C. 85 gam. D. 90 gam. 6/ Ha tan hon ton 19,2 g Cu vo dung dch HNO3 long. Kh NO thu c em oxi ha thnh NO2 ri sc vo nc cng vi dng kh oxi chuyn ht thnh HNO3. Th tch kh oxi (ktc) tham gia vo qu trnh trn l A. 2,24 lt. B. 3,36 lt. C. 4,48 lt. D. 6,72 lt. 4/ Cho V lt kh H2(ktc) i qua bt CuO d, un nng, thu c 32 g Cu. Nu cho V lt H2 (ktc) i qua bt FeO d, un nng, th khi lng Fe thu c l bao nhiu? Gi s H cc phn ng l 100% A. 24 gam. B. 26 gam. C. 28 gam. D. 30 gam. 5/ Cho hn hp gm 0,1 mol Ag2O & 0,2 mol Cu td ht vi dung dch HNO3 long d. C cn dung dch thu c sau phn ng c hn hp mui khan A. Nung A n khi lng khng i thu c cht rn B c khi lng l A. 26,8 g. B. 13,4 g. C. 37,6 g. D. 34,4 g. 3/ Ha tan 58,4 g hn hp mui khan AlCl3 v CrCl3 vo nc, thm d dd NaOH sau tip tc cho thm nc, ri li thm d dd BaCl2 thu c 50,6 g kt ta. % v khi lng ca hn hp mui ban u l A. 45,7 % AlCl3 & 54,3% CrCl3 B. 46,7 % AlCl3 & 53,3% CrCl3 C. 47,7 % AlCl3 & 52,3% CrCl3 D. 48,7 % AlCl3 & 51,3% CrCl3

PHN BIT MT S CHT V C


Phn 1- l thuyt . I- Nhn bit cation: Catio Dung dch thuc n th + NH4 Kim 2+ Ba Dung dch H2SO4 l Al3+ Fe2+ Fe
3+

Hin tng NH3 BaSO4 trng Al(OH)3 keo tan Al(OH)3 keo khng tan Fe(OH)2 hi xanh sau chuyn thnh nu Fe(OH)3 nu xanh tan thnh dd xanh m xanh Mg(OH)2 trng Hin tng Bt kh khng mu, khng mi. BaSO4 trng AgCl trng Dung dch xanh, kh

Gii thch OH-+ NH4+ NH3+H2O Ba2++SO42- BaSO4 3OH-+ Al3+ Al(OH)3 Al(OH)3+OH- AlO2- + 2 H2O 3NH3+3H2O+Al3+ Al(OH)3+NH4+ Fe2+ + 2OH- Fe(OH)2 4Fe(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O 4Fe(OH)3 Fe3+ + 3OH- Fe(OH)3 3NH3+3H2O+Fe3+ Fe(OH)3+3NH4+ 2NH3+2H2O+Cu2+ Cu(OH)2+2NH4+ Cu2+ + 2OH- Cu(OH)2 Mg2+ + 2OH- Mg(OH)2 Gii thch CO32- + 2H+ CO2 + H2O Ba2++SO42- BaSO4 Ag+ + Cl- AgCl 3Cu+2NO3-+8H+ 3Cu2+

Kim d NH3 d Kim hoc NH3 d Kim hoc NH3 d NH3 d

Cu

2+

Kim Mg2+ Kim hoc NH3

d II- Nhn bit anion: Anio Dung dch thuc th n CO32SO42ClNO3dd HCl hoc H2SO4 long BaCl2 trong mtr axit long d AgNO3 trong mtr HNO3 long Cu(bt) +H2SO4 long

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------37-

khng mu ha nu trong khng kh III- Nhn bit cht kh Kh Mi SO2 Hc, gy ngt CO2 NH3 H2S khai Trng thi Dung dch thuc th Dung dch brom d Ca(OH)2 d hoc Ba(OH)2 d Qu tm Cu2+ hoc Pb2+

+2NO+4H2O 2NO+O22NO2(nu) Hin tng - Gii thch SO2 + Br2 + H2O H2SO4 + 2HBr CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O CO2 + Ba(OH)2 BaCO3 + H2O Chuyn mu xanh H2S + Cu2+ CuS mu en + 2H+ H2S + Pb2+ PbS mu en + 2H+

PHN 2. CU HI TRC NGHIM


Cu 1: Ch dng dung dch KOH phn bit c cc cht ring bit trong nhm no sau y? A. Zn, Al2O3, Al. B. Mg, K, Na. C. Mg, Al2O3, Al. D. Fe, Al2O3, Mg. Cu 2: phn bit CO2 v SO2 ch cn dng thuc th l A. dung dch Ba(OH)2.B. CaO. C. dung dch NaOH. D. nc brom. Cu 3: C 5 dung dch ring r, mi dung dch cha mt cation sau y: NH4+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Al3+ (nng khong 0,1M). Dng dung dch NaOH cho ln lt vo tng dung dch trn, c th nhn bit ti a c my dung dch? A. 2 dung dch. B. 3 dung dch. C. 1 dung dch. D. 5 dung dch. Cu 4: phn bit dung dch Cr2(SO4)3 v dung dch FeCl2 ngi ta dng lng d dung dch A. K2SO4. B. KNO3. C. NaNO3. D. NaOH. Cu 5: C 4 mu kim loi l Na, Ca, Al, Fe. Ch dng thm nc lm thuc th c th nhn bit c ti a A. 2 cht. B. 3 cht. C. 1 cht. D. 4 cht. Cu 6: nhn bit ion NO3- ngi ta thng dng Cu v dung dch H2SO4 long v un nng, bi v: A. to ra kh c mu nu. B. to ra dung dch c mu vng. C. to ra kt ta c mu vng. D. to ra kh khng mu ha nu trong khng kh. Cu 7: Sc mt kh vo nc brom, thy nc brom b nht mu. Kh l A. CO2. B. CO. C. HCl. D. SO2. Cu 8: Hn hp kh no sau ay tn ti bt k iu kin no? A. H2 v Cl2. B. N2 v O2. C. HCl v CO2. D. H2 v O2.

1/ C 5 dd ring l, mi dd cha 1 cation: NH4+,Mg2+, Fe3+, Al3+, Na+, nng khong 0,1M. Bng cch dng dd NaOH cho ln lt vo tng dd, c th nhn bit c ti a A. dd cha ion NH4+. B. hai dd cha ion NH4+ v Al3+. + 3+ 3+ C. ba dd cha ion NH4 , Fe v Al . D. nm dd cha ion NH4+,Mg2+, Fe3+, Al3+, Na+. 2/ C 5 dd ha cht khng nhn, mi dd nng khong 0,1M ca mt trong cc mui sau; KCl, Ba(OH)2, K2CO3, K2S, K2SO4.Ch dng dd H2SO4 long, nh trc tip vo tng dd, th c th nhn bit c ti a nhng dd no? A. K2CO3. B. Ba dd: Ba(OH)2, K2CO3, K2S. C. Hai dd: Ba(OH)2, K2S. D. Hai dd: Ba(OH)2, K2SO4. 1/ C cc l ha cht khng nhn, Mi l ng mt trong cc dd ha cht khng mu sau: Na2SO4, Na2S, Na2CO3, Na3PO4, Na2SO3. Ch dng thuc th l dung dch H2SO4 long, nh trc tip vo tng dung dch th c th nhn c cc dung dch A. Na2S, Na2CO3, Na2SO3. B. Na2S, Na2CO3. C. Na2S, Na2CO3, Na3PO4. D. Na2SO4, Na2S, Na2CO3, Na3PO4, Na2SO3. 1/C 5 ng nghim khng nhn, mi ng ng mt trong cc dd sau (nng khong 0,1M): NH4Cl, FeCl2, AlCl3, MgCl2, CuCl2 . Ch dng dd NaOH nh t t vo tng dd, c th nhn bit c ti a cc dd no sau y? A. Hai dd: NH4Cl, CuCl2 . B. Ba dd: NH4Cl, MgCl2,CuCl2 .
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------38-

C. Bn dd: NH4Cl, MgCl2, AlCl3,CuCl2 . D. C 5 dd. 2/ C 4 ng nghim khng nhn, mi ng ng mt trong cc dd sau( nng khong 0,01M) : NaCl, Na2CO3, KHSO4, CH3NH2. Ch dng giy qu tm ln lt nhng vo tng dd, quan st s i mu ca n c th nhn bit c dy cc dd no sau y? A. Hai dung dch KHSO4 & CH3NH2. B.Hai dung dch NaCl& KHSO4. C. Dung dch NaCl. D. Ba dung dch NaCl, KHSO4&Na2CO3. SBT 1/ C cc dung dch khng mu ng trong cc l ring bit, khng dn nhn: ZuSO4, Mg(NO3)2, Al(NO3)3. phn bit cc dung dch trn c th dng A. qu tm. B. dung dch NaOH. C. dung dch Ba(OH)2. D. dung dch BaCl2. 2/ phn bit cc dung dch ng trong cc l ring bit, khng dn nhn: MgCl2, AlCl3, ZnCl2, KCl, FeCl2 bng pphh, c th dng A. dung dch NaOH. B. dung dch NH3. C. dung dch Na2CO3. D. qu tm. 3/ phn bit 2 dung dch Na2CO3 v Na2SO3 c th ch cn dng A. dung dch NaOH. B. nc brom. C. dung dch Ca(OH)2. D. dung dch H2SO4. 1/ C th nhn bit cc kh CO2, SO2 v O2 ng trong cc bnh ring bit nu ch dng A. nc brom v tn m chy d. B. nc brom v dung dch Ba(OH)2. C. nc vi trong v nc brom. D. tn m chy d v nc vi trong. 2/ phn bit cc kh CO, CO2, O2, SO2 c th dng A. tn m chy d v nc vi trong v nc brom. B. tn m chy d v nc vi trong v dung dch K2CO3 C. dung dch Na2CO3 v nc brom. D. tn m chy d v nc brom. 3/ Phng th nghim b nhim bi kh Clo. Dng cht no sau y c th kh c clo mt cch an ton? A. Dung dch NaOH long. B. Dng kh NH3 hoc dung dch NH3. C. Dng kh H2S. D. Dng kh CO2. 1/ phn bit cc dung dch : ZnCl2, MgCl2, CaCl2, AlCl3 ng trong cc l ring bit c th dng A. dung dch NaOH & dung dch NH3. B. qu tm. C. dung dch NaOH & dung dch Na2CO3. D. natri kim loi. 2/ phn bit cc dung dch : Na2CO3, NaHCO3, Na2SO3, NaHSO3 ng trong cc l ring bit c th dng A. Axit HCl & nc brom. B. nc vi trong v nc brom. C. dung dch CaCl2 v nc brom. D. nc vi trong v Axit HCl. 3/ C th dng cht no sau y phn bit cc dung dch : BaCl2, Na2SO4, MgSO4, ZnCl, KNO3, KHCO3 A. Kim loi natri. B. Dung dch HCl. C. Kh CO2. D. Dung dch Na2CO3. 4/ phn bit cc dung dch long: HCl, HNO3, H2SO4 c th dng thuc th no sau y ? A. Dung dch Ba(OH)2 & bt ng kim loi . B. Kim loi st v ng. C. Dung dch Ca(OH)2. D. Kim loi nhm v st. Phn 1. Tm tt l thuyt . I - Ha hc gp phn gii quyt vn vt liu cho tng lai: Ha hc kt hp vi cc ngnh KH ngin cu v khai thc cc vt liu mi c trng lng nh, bn cao v c cng nng c bit: vt liu compozic; vt liu hn hp cht v c v hu c; vt liu hn hp nano. II - Ha hc v vn lng thc thc phm - Ha hc gp phn lm tng s lng v cht lng lng, thc thc phm. Nghin cu v sn xut cc cht ha hc c tc dng bo v v pht trin thc vt, ng vt .Th d : phn bn ha hc, thuc tr su,dit c, kch thch sinh trung Nghin cu ra cc cht mu, cht ph gia thc phm, hng liu gip ch bin c thc thc phm thm ngon, hnh thc p nhng vn m bo v sinh an ton thc phm.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------39-

- Bng phng php ha hc, tng cng ch bin thc phm nhn to hoc ch bin thc phm theo cng ngh ha hc t ra sn phm c cht lng cao hn ph hp vi nhng nhu cu khc nhau ca con ngi. III- Ha hc v vn may mc Cc loi t si ha hc c sn xut bng phng php cng nghip nn dn p ng uc nhu cu v s lng, cht lng v m thut IV- Ha hc v vn sc khe con ngi 1.Dc phm - Nhiu loi bnh khng th ch dng cc loi cy c t nhin trc tip cha tr. - Ngnh ha hc gp phn to ra nhng loi thuc tn dc c nhiu u th: s dung n gin, bnh khi nhanh, c hiu qu c bit i vi mt s bnh do virut v mt s bnh him ngho 2.Cht gy nghin, cht ma tuy, phong chng ma tuy Hoa hoc a gop phn lam ro thanh phn hoa hoc, tac dung tm, sinh li cua mt s cht gy nghin, ma tuy. Trn cow s o giup tao ra cac bin phap phong chng s dung cht ma tuy, cht gy nghin. V - Ho hc v vn nhim mi trng v phng chng nhim mi trng: 1. nhim khng kh nh: Gy hiu ng nh knh. nh hng khng tt n sc kho con ngi. nh hng n s sinh trng v pht trin ca ng - thc vt.To ma axit 2. nhim mi trng nc: Tc nhn ho hc gy nhim mi trng nc bao gm cc ion ca kim loi nng, cc anion NO 3 , PO 3, SO 2 , thuc bo v thc vt v phn bn ho hc. 4 4 3. nhim t: nhim t do kim loi nng l ngun nhim nguy him i vi h sinh thi t. * Nhn bit mi trng b nhim: Quan st. Xc nh bng cc thuc th, xc nh PH. Xc nh bng cc dng c o. Mt s phng php x l cht thi gy nhim mi trng + Phng php hp th. + Phng php hp th trong than bn, phn rc, t xp, than hot tnh. + Phng php oxi ho - kh. PHN 2. CU HI TRC NGHIM 1/ Nhin liu c coi l sch, t gy nhin mi trng hn c l A. ci, g, than cc. B. than , xng, du. C. xng, du. D. kh thin nhin. 2/ Theo tnh ton, nm 2000 c nc ta tiu th lng nhin liu tng ng 1,5 triu tn du v thi vo mi trng 113700 tn kh CO2. Trong 1 ngy lng nhin liu tiu th tng ng vi khi lng du v lng CO2 thi vo mi trng l A. 0,003 triu tn du, 200 tn CO2. B. 0,004 triu tn du, 311 tn CO2. C. 0,005 triu tn du, 415 tn CO2. D. 0,012 triu tn du, 532 tn CO2. 3/ Trong danh mc v sinh i vi lng thc thc phm. B y t qui nh c 5 cht ngt nhn to c dng trong ch bin lng thc, thc phm, nhng c qui nh liu lng s dng an ton. Th d cht Acesunfam k, liu lng c th chp nhn c l t 0-15 mg/kg trng lng c th mt ngy. Nh vy, mt ngi nng 60 kg, trong mt ngy c th dng lng ny ti a l A. 12mg. B. 1500 mg. C. 10 mg. D. 900 mg. 1/ Cc tc nhn ha hc gy nhim mi trng nc gm A. cc kim loi nng: Hg, Pb, Sb. B. cc anion: NO3-, PO43-, SO42-. C. thuc bo v thc vt, phn bn ha hc. D. c A, B, C. 2/ Khi nghin cu mu t ca mt lng ngh ti ch ch, ngi ta xc nh hm lng ch trong bn, trong t nh sau: Th t Mu nghin cu Hm lng Pb2+(ppm) 1 Mu bn cha nc thi c quy. 2166,0 2 Mu t ni nu ch. 387,6 3 Mu t gia cnh ng. 125,4 4 Mu t gn ni nu ch. 2911,4
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------40-

Hm lng ch ln hn 100ppm l t b nhim. Trong s cc mu t nghin cu trn, mu b nhim ch l A. mu 1, 4. B. mu 1, 2. C. mu 2, 3. D. c 4 mu. 3/ Mt loi than c cha 2% lu hunh dng cho mt nh my nhit in. Nu nh my t ht 100 tn than trong mt ngy m th khi lng kh SO2 do nh my x vo kh quyn trong mt nm l A. 1420 tn. B. 1250 tn. C. 1530 tn. D. 1460 tn. SBT 1/Trong s ngun nng lng sau y, nhm cc ngun nng lng no c coi l nng lng sch ? A. in ht nhn, nng lng thy triu. B. Nng lng gi, nng lng thy triu. C. Nng lng nhit in, nng lng a nhit. D. Nng lng mt tri, nng lnght nhn. 2/ Vit Nam c m qung rt ln Thi Nguyn nn xy dng khu lin hp gang thp ti y. Khu sn xut c xy dng gn khu vc khai thc m l do A. tin vn chuyn nguyn liu lm cho chi ph sn xut thp. B. khng th bo qun qung st lu di sau khi khai thc. C. ch c th xy dng nh my sn xut thp Thi Nguyn. D. c th bo qung qung st khi vn chuyn, nhng iu kin kh hu ni khc khng m bo. 3/ Trong s cc vt liu sau, vt liu no c ngun gc hu c? A. Gm, s. B. Xi nng. C. Cht do. D. t st nn. 1/ Ngi ht thuc l nhiu thng mc cc bnh nguy him v ng h hp. Cht gy hi ch yu c trong thuc l l A. becberin. B. nicotin. C. axit nicotinic. D. mocphin. 2/ Kh biogas sn xut t cht thi chn nui c s dng lm ngun nhin liu trong sinh hot nng thn. Tc dng ca vic s dng kh biogas l A. pht trin chn nui. B. t ly nhit v gim thiu mi trng. C. gii quyt cng n vic lm khu vc nng thn. D. gim gi thnh sn xut du, kh. 1/Hin tng tri t nng ln do hiu ng nh knh ch yu do cht no sau y ? A. Kh clo. B. Kh cacbonic. C. kh cacbon oxit. D. Kh hidro clorua. 2/ Ma axit ch yu l do nhng cht sinh ra trong qu trnh sn xut cng nghip nhng khng c x l trit . l nhng cht no sau y? A. SO2, NO2. C. H2S, Cl2. B.CO2, SO2. D. NH3, HCl. 3/ Nhm no sau y gm cc ion gy nhim ngun nc? A. NO3-, NO2-, Pb2+, Na+, Cl-. B. NO3-, NO2-, Pb2+, Na+, Cd2+, Hg2+. C. NO3-, NO2-, Pb2+, As3+, D. NO3-, NO2-, Pb2+, Na+, HCO3-. 4/ Nguyn nhn ca s suy gim tng ozon ch yu l do A. kh CO2. B. ma axit. C. clo v cc hp cht ca clo. D. qu trnh sn xut gang thp

HA HC V VN MI TRNG
Phn 1. Tm tt l thuyt . I - Ha hc gp phn gii quyt vn vt liu cho tng lai: Ha hc kt hp vi cc ngnh KH ngin cu v khai thc cc vt liu mi c trng lng nh, bn cao v c cng nng c bit: vt liu compozic; vt liu hn hp cht v c v hu c; vt liu hn hp nano. II - Ha hc v vn lng thc thc phm - Ha hc gp phn lm tng s lng v cht lng lng, thc thc phm. Nghin cu v sn xut cc cht ha hc c tc dng bo v v pht trin thc vt, ng vt .Th d : phn bn ha hc, thuc tr su,dit c, kch thch sinh trung Nghin cu ra cc cht mu, cht ph gia thc phm, hng liu gip ch bin c thc thc phm thm ngon, hnh thc p nhng vn m bo v sinh an ton thc phm.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------41-

- Bng phng php ha hc, tng cng ch bin thc phm nhn to hoc ch bin thc phm theo cng ngh ha hc t ra sn phm c cht lng cao hn ph hp vi nhng nhu cu khc nhau ca con ngi. III- Ha hc v vn may mc Cc loi t si ha hc c sn xut bng phng php cng nghip nn dn p ng uc nhu cu v s lng, cht lng v m thut IV- Ha hc v vn sc khe con ngi 1.Dc phm - Nhiu loi bnh khng th ch dng cc loi cy c t nhin trc tip cha tr. - Ngnh ha hc gp phn to ra nhng loi thuc tn dc c nhiu u th: s dung n gin, bnh khi nhanh, c hiu qu c bit i vi mt s bnh do virut v mt s bnh him ngho 2.Cht gy nghin, cht ma tuy, phong chng ma tuy Hoa hoc a gop phn lam ro thanh phn hoa hoc, tac dung tm, sinh li cua mt s cht gy nghin, ma tuy. Trn cow s o giup tao ra cac bin phap phong chng s dung cht ma tuy, cht gy nghin. V - Ho hc v vn nhim mi trng v phng chng nhim mi trng: 1. nhim khng kh nh: Gy hiu ng nh knh. nh hng khng tt n sc kho con ngi. nh hng n s sinh trng v pht trin ca ng - thc vt.To ma axit 2. nhim mi trng nc: Tc nhn ho hc gy nhim mi trng nc bao gm cc ion ca kim loi nng, cc anion NO 3 , PO 3, SO 2 , thuc bo v thc vt v phn bn ho hc. 4 4 3. nhim t: nhim t do kim loi nng l ngun nhim nguy him i vi h sinh thi t. * Nhn bit mi trng b nhim: Quan st. Xc nh bng cc thuc th, xc nh PH. Xc nh bng cc dng c o. Mt s phng php x l cht thi gy nhim mi trng + Phng php hp th. + Phng php hp th trong than bn, phn rc, t xp, than hot tnh. + Phng php oxi ho - kh. PHN 2. CU HI TRC NGHIM 1/ Nhin liu c coi l sch, t gy nhin mi trng hn c l A. ci, g, than cc. B. than , xng, du. C. xng, du. D. kh thin nhin. 2/ Theo tnh ton, nm 2000 c nc ta tiu th lng nhin liu tng ng 1,5 triu tn du v thi vo mi trng 113700 tn kh CO2. Trong 1 ngy lng nhin liu tiu th tng ng vi khi lng du v lng CO2 thi vo mi trng l A. 0,003 triu tn du, 200 tn CO2. B. 0,004 triu tn du, 311 tn CO2. C. 0,005 triu tn du, 415 tn CO2. D. 0,012 triu tn du, 532 tn CO2. 3/ Trong danh mc v sinh i vi lng thc thc phm. B y t qui nh c 5 cht ngt nhn to c dng trong ch bin lng thc, thc phm, nhng c qui nh liu lng s dng an ton. Th d cht Acesunfam k, liu lng c th chp nhn c l t 0-15 mg/kg trng lng c th mt ngy. Nh vy, mt ngi nng 60 kg, trong mt ngy c th dng lng ny ti a l A. 12mg. B. 1500 mg. C. 10 mg. D. 900 mg. 1/ Cc tc nhn ha hc gy nhim mi trng nc gm A. cc kim loi nng: Hg, Pb, Sb. B. cc anion: NO3-, PO43-, SO42-. C. thuc bo v thc vt, phn bn ha hc. D. c A, B, C. 2/ Khi nghin cu mu t ca mt lng ngh ti ch ch, ngi ta xc nh hm lng ch trong bn, trong t nh sau: Th t Mu nghin cu Hm lng Pb2+(ppm) 1 Mu bn cha nc thi c quy. 2166,0 2 Mu t ni nu ch. 387,6 3 Mu t gia cnh ng. 125,4 4 Mu t gn ni nu ch. 2911,4
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------42-

Hm lng ch ln hn 100ppm l t b nhim. Trong s cc mu t nghin cu trn, mu b nhim ch l A. mu 1, 4. B. mu 1, 2. C. mu 2, 3. D. c 4 mu. 3/ Mt loi than c cha 2% lu hunh dng cho mt nh my nhit in. Nu nh my t ht 100 tn than trong mt ngy m th khi lng kh SO2 do nh my x vo kh quyn trong mt nm l A. 1420 tn. B. 1250 tn. C. 1530 tn. D. 1460 tn. SBT 1/Trong s ngun nng lng sau y, nhm cc ngun nng lng no c coi l nng lng sch ? A. in ht nhn, nng lng thy triu. B. Nng lng gi, nng lng thy triu. C. Nng lng nhit in, nng lng a nhit. D. Nng lng mt tri, nng lnght nhn. 2/ Vit Nam c m qung rt ln Thi Nguyn nn xy dng khu lin hp gang thp ti y. Khu sn xut c xy dng gn khu vc khai thc m l do A. tin vn chuyn nguyn liu lm cho chi ph sn xut thp. B. khng th bo qun qung st lu di sau khi khai thc. C. ch c th xy dng nh my sn xut thp Thi Nguyn. D. c th bo qung qung st khi vn chuyn, nhng iu kin kh hu ni khc khng m bo. 3/ Trong s cc vt liu sau, vt liu no c ngun gc hu c? A. Gm, s. B. Xi nng. C. Cht do. D. t st nn. 1/ Ngi ht thuc l nhiu thng mc cc bnh nguy him v ng h hp. Cht gy hi ch yu c trong thuc l l A. becberin. B. nicotin. C. axit nicotinic. D. mocphin. 2/ Kh biogas sn xut t cht thi chn nui c s dng lm ngun nhin liu trong sinh hot nng thn. Tc dng ca vic s dng kh biogas l A. pht trin chn nui. B. t ly nhit v gim thiu mi trng. C. gii quyt cng n vic lm khu vc nng thn. D. gim gi thnh sn xut du, kh. 1/Hin tng tri t nng ln do hiu ng nh knh ch yu do cht no sau y ? A. Kh clo. B. Kh cacbonic. C. kh cacbon oxit. D. Kh hidro clorua. 2/ Ma axit ch yu l do nhng cht sinh ra trong qu trnh sn xut cng nghip nhng khng c x l trit . l nhng cht no sau y? A. SO2, NO2. C. H2S, Cl2. B.CO2, SO2. D. NH3, HCl. 3/ Nhm no sau y gm cc ion gy nhim ngun nc? A. NO3-, NO2-, Pb2+, Na+, Cl-. B. NO3-, NO2-, Pb2+, Na+, Cd2+, Hg2+. C. NO3-, NO2-, Pb2+, As3+, D. NO3-, NO2-, Pb2+, Na+, HCO3-. 4/ Nguyn nhn ca s suy gim tng ozon ch yu l do A. kh CO2. B. ma axit. C. clo v cc hp cht ca clo. D. qu trnh sn xut gang thp

Cu 1: Hi thu ngn rt c, bi vy khi lm v nhit k thu ngn th cht bt c dng rc ln thu ngn ri gom li l A. vi sng. B. ct. C. lu hunh. D. mui n. Cu 2: Hin tng tri t nng ln do hiu ng nh knh ch yu l do cht no sau y? A. Kh cacbonic. B. Kh clo. C. Kh hidroclorua. D. Kh cacbon oxit. Cu 3: T l s ngi cht v bnh phi do ht thuc l gp hng chc ln s ngi khng ht thuc l. Cht gy nghin v gy ung th c trong thuc l l A. nicotin. B. aspirin. C. cafein. D. moocphin. Cu 4: Tc nhn ch yu gy ma axit l A. CO v CH4. B. CH4 v NH3. C. SO2 v NO2. D. CO v CO2. Cu 5: Khng kh trong phng th nghim b nhim bn bi kh clo. kh c, c th xt vo khng kh dung dch no sau y? A. Dung dch HCl. B. Dung dch NH3. C. Dung dch H2SO4. D. Dung dch NaCl. Cu 6: Dn khng kh b nhim i qua giy lc tm dung dch Pb(NO3)2 thy dung dch xut hin mu en. Khng kh b nhim bn kh no sau y? A. Cl2. B. H2S. C. SO2. D. NO2. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------43-

Cu 7: Trong kh thi cng nghip thng cha cc kh: SO2, NO2, HF. C th dng cht no (r tin) sau y loi cc kh ? A. NaOH. B. Ca(OH)2. C. HCl. D. NH3.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------44-

You might also like