Tuyen Tap He PT

Mc lc
Li ni u
Cc thnh vin trong ban qun tr, trong nhm bin son
1 S dng php bin i i s v php th
2 S dng phng php t n ph
75
3 S dng phng php hm s
110
S dng phng php nh gi
123
S dng php th lng gic
143
http://boxmath.vn/
Li ni u
Chng ti rt vui mng khi Tuyn tp h phng trnh ca BoxMath c hon thnh,
bi n p ng c nhiu mong mi ca qu c gi, c bit l cc em hc sinh. C th ni tuyn
tp h phng trnh ca BoxMath l s tp hp nhiu bi ton hay v k thut thng dng khi gii
h phng trnh.
Ni dung ca tuyn tp h phng trnh ca BoxMath c chia theo phng php gii ton
nh sau:
1. S dng php bin i i s v th
2. S dng phng php t n ph
3. S dng phng php hm s
4. S dng phng php nh gi
5. S dng php th lng gic
Hy vng, tuyn tp h phng trnh ca BoxMath gp phn nh em li nhiu thnh cng cho
cc bn c gi, c bit l qu Thy C trong cng tc ging dy, cc em hc sinh trong hc tp,
trong cc k thi cp khu vc, cp quc gia.
Cui cng thay ban qun tr xin chc cc bn li chc sc, thnh t trong cng sng, v tha
thit n nhn kin ng gp qu bo ca bn c v nhng ti ti, thiu st tuyn tp h
phng trnh ca BoxMath hon thin hn.
Hng Ng, ngy 16 thng 6 nm 2012.
Thay mt nhm bin son
l trung tn
http://boxmath.vn/
Cc thnh vin trong ban qun tr, trong nhm bin son
1. Hunh Ch Ho - THPT Chuyn Nguyn Quang Diu - ng Thp.
2. Phm Tun Khi - THPT Trn Vn Nng - ng Thp.
3. L Trung Tn - THPT Hng Ng 2 - ng Thp.
4. H Hong Vit - G en - Long An.
5. Nguyn Vn Thoan - Nam nh.
6. Nguyn Mnh Tun - Khnh Ha.
7. Thi Mnh Cng - Ngh An.
8. inh Vn Minh - Vnh Phc.
9. Giang Hong Kit - TP H Ch Minh.
10. Ng Cng Bnh - THPT Qung Xng 1 - Thanh Ha.
11. Nguyn c Hunh - THPT Hng Vng - TP H Ch Minh.
12. Nguyn Quc Oanh - THPT So Nam -Qung Nam.
LATEX
H tr k thut Latex
Chu Ngc Hng - THPT Ninh Hi - Ninh Thun.
Trnh by ba
Phm Tun Khi
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S dng php bin i i s v php th
1 Gii h phng trnh:
x3 + 4y = y 3 + 16 (1)
1 + y 2 = 5 (1 + x2 ) (2)
**** http://boxmath.vn - http://boxmath.vn - http://boxmath.vn - http://boxmath.vn - http://boxmath.vn - http://boxmath.vn - http://boxmath.vn ****
Li gii:
Phng trnh (2) tng ng vi y 2 5x2 = 4 (3)
Thay vo phng trnh (1) ta c:
"
x3 + y 2 5x

2
y = y 3 + 16 x3 5x2 y 16x = 0
x=0
x2 5xy 16 = 0
- Vi x = 0 y 2 = 4 y = 2
x2 16
- Vi x2 5xy 16 = 0 y =
, thay vo (3) ta c
5x
"
2
2
x = 1 y = 3
x 16
5x2 = 4 124x4 + 132x2 256 = 0 x2 = 1
5x
x = 1 y = 3
Vy h phng trnh cho c 4 nghim l: (x; y) = (0; 2) , (1; 3) , (1; 3)
2 Gii h phng trnh:
1
1

= 2 (y 4 x4 )
x 2y
1
1
+
= (x2 + 3y 2 ) (3x2 + y 2 )
x 2y
Li gii:
(
iu kin:
x 6= 0
y 6= 0
H phng trnh tng ng vi
2
= 2y 4 2x4 + 3x4 + 3y 4 + 10x2 y 2

x
1 = 3x4 + 3y 4 + 10x2 y 2 2y 4 + 2x4

y
(
2 = 5y 4 x + x5 + 10x3 y 2
1 = 5x4 y + y 5 + 10x2 y 3
( 5
x + 5x4 y + 10x3 y 2 + 10x2 y 3 + 5xy 4 + y 5 = 2 + 1
x5 5x4 y + 10x3 y 2 10x2 y 3 + 5xy 4 y 5 = 2 1
5
3+1
(
(
5
5
x
=
(x + y) = 3
x+y = 3
2
5
5
(x y) = 1
xy =1
y = 3 1
2
!
5
3+1 531
Vy h phng trnh cho c 1 nghim l: (x; y) =
;

2
2
http://boxmath.vn/
3 Gii h phng trnh:
x3 (2 + 3y) = 1
x (y 3 2) = 3
Li gii:
iu kin: x 6= 0
Bin i h phng trnh thnh
2 + 3y = 3 (1)
x
3
y3 2 =
(2)
x
Ly (1) + (2) v theo v ta c:

1
1
3
1
3
y + 3y = 3 + y 3 + 3 y
=0
x
x
x
x

1
1
1
y
2
y
y + 2+
+3 y
=0
x
x
x
x

1
y
1
2
y + 2 + +3 =0
y
x
x
x
#

"
2
1
1
3
y
y+
+ 2 +3 =0
x
2x
4x
3
y =
1
x
x = 1 y = 1
3
1
3
2
2
=
2x
+
3x
1
=
0
1
x3
x
x= y=2

2
1
Vy h phng trnh c 2 nghim l: (x; y) = (1; 1) ,
;2
2
Thay vo (2) ta c :
4 Gii h phng trnh:
x4 y 4 = 240
x3 2y 3 = 3 (x2 4y 2 ) 4 (x 8y)
Li gii:
Nhn phng trnh th hai vi -8 ri cng vi phng trnh th nht ta c
x4 8x3 + 24x2 32x + 16 = y 4 16y 3 + 96y 2 256y + 256
"
"
x2=y4
x=y2
(x 2)4 = (y 4)4
x2=4y
x=6y
- Vi x = y 2, thay vo phng trnh u ta c:
8y 3 + 24y 2 32y + 16 = 240
y 3 3y 2 + 4y + 28 = 0

(y + 2) y 2 5y + 14 = 0
y = 2 x = 4
http://boxmath.vn/
- Vi x = 6 y, thay vo phng trnh u ta c:

24y 3 + 216y 2 864y + 1296 = 240
y 3 9y 2 + 36y 44 = 0

(y 2) y 2 7y + 22 = 0
y=2x=4
Vy h phng trnh cho c 2 nghim l: (x; y) = (4; 2) , (4; 2)
5 Gii h phng trnh:
x3 8x = y 3 + 2y
(1)
x2 3 = 3 (y 2 + 1)
(2)
Li gii:
Th (2) vo (1) ta c:

3 x3 y 3 = x2 3y 2 (4x + y)
x3 + x2 y 12xy 2 = 0

x x2 + xy 12y 2 = 0
x = 0 x = 3y x = 4y
- Vi x = 0, thay vo (2) ta c: y 2 = 2 (v nghim).
- Vi x = 3y, thay vo (2) ta c: y 2 = 1 y = 1 rx = 3.
r
6
6
6
2
- Vi x = 4y, thay vo (2) ta c: y =
y=
x = 4
.
13
13
13
Vy h phng trnh cho c 4 nghim l:
r !
r
r !
r
6
6
6
6
;
, 4
;
(x; y) = (3; 1) , (3; 1) , 4
13
13
13
13
6 Gii h phng trnh:
x3 + y 3 xy 2 = 1
4x4 + y 4 = 4x + y
(1)
(2)
Li gii:
Thay (1) vo (2), ta c:

4x4 + y 4 = (4x + y) x3 + y 3 xy 2

xy 3y 2 4xy + x2 = 0
x=0y=1
y = 0 x = 1
"
3y 2 4xy + x2 = 0 x = y
x = 3y
Thay vo (1), ta c: x = y = 1
3
1
,y =
Thay vo (1), ta c: x =
3
3
25
25

Vy h phng trnh cho c nghim l: (x; y) = (0; 1) , (1; 0) , (1; 1) ,
http://boxmath.vn/

3
1
;

3
25 3 25
6
7 Gii h phng trnh:

2y = 4
3
y + 42x

x=2
3+
y + 42x
(I)
Li gii:
iu kin: x > 0, y > 0
1
2
5
x y = y + 42x
(I)
1
2
+ = 3 (2)
y
x
(1)
Ly (1) nhn (2) v theo v ta c:

15
1 2
=
x y
y + 42x
(y 2x) (y + 42x) = 15xy
y 2 84x2 + 25xy = 0
(y 3x) (y + 28x) = 0
y = 3x ( do y + 28x > 0)
5+2 6
5+2 6
T th vo (2) ta c: x =
;y =
27
9
!
5+2 6 5+2 6
;

27
9
8 Gii h phng trnh:
xy + x + y = x2 2y 2
x2y y x 1 = 2x 2y
(1)
(2)
Li gii:
iu kin: x 1, y 0
(1) x2 xy 2y 2 (x + y) = 0
(x + y) (x 2y) (x + y) = 0
(x + y) (x 2y 1) = 0
x 2y 1 = 0 ( do x + y > 0)
x = 2y + 1
Th vo (2) ta c:
p
p
2y + 2y = 2y + 2
p

(y + 1)
2y 2 = 0
p
2y 2 = 0 ( do y 0 y + 1 > 0)
y
2y = 4
y = 2 x = 5
Vy h phng trnh cho c 1 nghim l: (x; y) = (5; 2)
http://boxmath.vn/
9 Gii h phng trnh:
2x3 + 3x2 y = 5
y 3 + 6xy 2 = 7
Li gii:
Ly (1) + (2) v theo v ta c:
8x3 + 12x2 y + 6xy 2 + y 3 = 27
(2x + y)3 = 27
2x + y = 3
y = 3 2x
Thay vo (2) ta c:
2y 3 9y 2 + 7 = 0
y=1x=1
y = 7 + 105 x = 5 105
4
8
7 105
5 + 105
y=
x=
4
8
(x; y) = (1; 1) ,
5+
105 7 105
;
,
8
4
105 7 + 105
;
8
4
10 Gii h phng trnh:

9x2 4y 2 = 5
log (3x + 2y) log (3x 2y) = 1
5
3
Li gii:
3x + 2y > 0
iu kin:
3x 2y > 0
http://boxmath.vn/
Khi h phng trnh tng ng vi
(3x 2y) (3x + 2y) = 5

log5 (3x 2y)
=1
log5 (3x + 2y)
log5 3
(
(3x 2y) (3x + 2y) = 5
log5 3.log5 (3x + 2y) log5 (3x 2y) = log5 3
5
3x + 2y =
3x 2y
log5 3 [log5 5 log5 (3x 2y) 1] log5 (3x 2y) = 0

(
(3x 2y) (3x + 2y) = 5
log5 3.log5 (3x 2y) + log5 (3x 2y) = 0

(
(3x 2y) (3x + 2y) = 5
log5 (3x 2y) (log5 3 + 1) = 0

(
(3x 2y) (3x + 2y) = 5
3x 2y = 1
(
x=1
y = 1
11 Gii h phng trnh:
x4 + x3 y + 9y = y 3 x + x2 y 2 + 9x (1)
x (y 3 x3 ) = 7
(2)
Li gii:
T (2) ta suy ra: x 6= y

(1) x4 xy 3 + x3 y x2 y 2 9 (x y) = 0

(x y) x x2 + xy + y 2 + x2 y 9 = 0

(x y) x(x + y)2 9 = 0
x(x + y)2 9 = 0
x(x + y)2 = 9
(do x 6= y)
(3)
r
T (3) ta suy ra x > 0. T phng trnh (2) ta suy ra y =
7
x3 + , thay vo (3) ta c:
x
!2
7
x x + x3 +
=9
x
s
r
2
7
7
3
3
x x2 + 2x. x3 + +
x3 +
9=0
x
x
s
r
2
7
7
3
3
2 3
3
3
x + 2x . x + + x.
x +
9=0
x
x
q
3
3
x3 + 2x x6 + 7x2 + x(x4 + 7)2 9 = 0 (4)
r
3
http://boxmath.vn/
Xt hm s: f (x) = x + 2x
x6
7x2
q
+ 3 x(x4 + 7)2 9, x > 0
6
6x + 14x 1 9x8 + 70x4 + 49

> 0, x > 0
f 0 (x) = 3x2 + 2 x6 + 7x2 + q
+ . q
3 3
2
3
2 2
6
2
4
3 (x + 7x )
x(x + 7)
Suy ra f (x) ng bin trn (0; +) M f (1) = 0
Suy ra (4) c nghim duy nht x = 1 y = 2
Vy h phng trnh cho c 1 nghim: (x; y) = (1; 2)
12 Gii h phng trnh:
x4 + 2x3 y + x2 y 2 = 2x + 9
x2 + 2xy = 6x + 6
(I)
Li gii:

2
2
x
+
6x
+
6
2
x +
= 2x + 9
2
2
(I)
2
xy = x + 6x + 6
xy = x + 6x + 6
2
2

3
2
x = 0 x = 4
x x + 12x + 48x + 64 = 0
2
2
xy = x + 6x + 6
xy = x + 6x + 6
2
2
x = 0
x = 4
2
2
(v
nghim)
xy = x + 6x + 6
xy = x + 6x + 6
2
2
x = 4
y = 17
4

17
Vy h phng trnh cho c 1 nghim l: (x; y) = 4;

4
2
2
x + xy = 2x + 9
13 Gii h phng trnh:

2x2 + 4xy + 2y 2 + 3x + 3y 2 = 0 (1)
x2 + y 2 + 4xy + 2y = 0
(2)
Li gii:
x + y = 2
1
x+y =
2
- Vi x + y = 2 x = 2 y thay vo phng trnh (2) ta
c
"
y = 1 x = 3
(2 y)2 + y 2 4(2 + y)y + 2y = 0 2y 2 + 2y 4 = 0
y = 2 x = 0
1
1
- Vi x + y = x = y thay vo phng trnh (2) ta c
2
2
Ta c phng trnh (1) 2(x + y)2 + 3(x + y) 2 = 0
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10

y =
1
1
y y + 2y = 0 2y 2 + 3y + = 0
+y +4
2
4
y=
!
3 + 11 1 11
;
;
Vy nghim ca h l:(x; y) = (1; 3); (2; 0);
4
4

1
y
2
2
1 11
x=
4
4
3 11
1 + 11
x=
4
4!
3 11 1 + 11
;

4
4
3+
11
14 Gii h phng trnh:
x4 x3 y + x2 y 2 1 = 0 (1)
x3 y x2 + xy + 1 = 0
(2)
Li gii:
Ly phng trnh (1) + (2) v vi v ta c
x4 x2 + x2 y 2 + xy = 0
x(x3 x + xy 2 + y) = 0
"
x=0
3
x x + xy 2 + y = 0
- Vi x = 0, thay vo (1) khng tha mn.
1 xy
x2 1
=
, thay vo (2) ta c
- Vi x3 x + xy 2 + y = 0
y
x
x3 + x =
1 xy
x4 x2 1
y=
x
x
(3)
Th (3) vo phng trnh (2) ta c:

x2 (x4 x2 1) x2 x4 x2 1 + 1 = 0 x6 + 2x4 + 3x2 = 0
"
x = 0 (loi)
x2 (x4 + 2x2 + 3) = 0
x4 + 2x2 + 3 = 0 (v nghim)
Vy h phng trnh cho v nghim
15 Gii h phng trnh:
2x2 y 3y = 1
xy 2 3y 2 = 2
Li gii:
Vit li h phng trnh thnh
(
(2x2 3)y = 1
(x 3)y 2 = 2
http://boxmath.vn/
11
D thy y = 0 khng phi nghim ca h. Nh vy ta c
2x 3 =
y
2
(x 3) = 2
y
2
1
2x2 x = 2
y
y
2
1
(x )(2x + 1) = 0
y
y
1
x y = 0
2
2x + 1 = 0
y
1
thay vo phng trnh th (2) ta c:
y
y=1x=1
y 3y 2 + 2 = 0
2
3
y=
x=
3
2
2
1 1
- Vi 2x + 1 = 0 x = thay vo phng trnh th (2) ta c:
y
2 y
7 2 21
1 + 21
x=
y =
5 2
5
10
y y+2=0
2
1 21
7 + 2 21
y=
x=
5
10
- Vi x =
Kt lun:Vy h phng trnh c 4 cp nghim
!

3 2
7 2 21 1 + 21
(x; y) = (1; 1),
;
,
;
,
2 3
10
5
!
7 + 2 21 1 21
;

10
5
16 Gii h phng trnh:
x3 4xy 2 + 8y 3 = 1
2x4 + 8y 4 = 2x + y
Li gii:
T h phng trnh trn nhn cho 2 v ta c:
(2x + y)(x3 4xy 2 + 8y 3 ) = 2x4 + 8y 4
x3 y 8x2 y 2 + 12xy 3 = 0
(1)
Vi y = 0 x = 1
Vi y =
6 0
3
2

x
x
x
(1)
8
+ 12
=0
y
y
y
x
= 2 x = 2y
y
x
= 6 x = 6y
y
x
=0x=0y=0
y
http://boxmath.vn/
12
- Vi x = 2y thay vo phng trnh u ta c

r
3
(2y) 4 8y 3 + 8y 3 = 1 8y 3 = 1 y =
1
x=1
8
- Vi x = 6y thay vo phng trnh u ta c

r
r
1
3 216
(6y) 24y 3 + 8y 3 = 1 200y 3 = 1 y =
x=
200
200
!
r ! r
r
1
3 1
3 216
3
Vy h phng trnh c 4 nghim (x; y) = (1; 0), (0; 0); 1;
;
;

8
200
200
3
17 Tm m h phng trnh
c nghim:
x3 y 3 + 3y 2 3x 2 = 0
p
x2 + 1 x2 3 2y y 2 + m = 0
Li gii:
(
iu kin:
1x1
0y2
T phng trnh th nht ta c:

(x + 1 y) x2 + (y 1)x + y 2 2y 2 = 0
Do x2 + (y 1)x + y 2 2y 2 > 0 bi iu kin bi ton nn ta c y = x + 1

Thay vo phng trnh s (2) ta c
x2 2 1 x2 = m
Xt hm s f (x) = x2 2 1 x2 trong tp [1; 1]

2 f (x) 1 2 m 1 1 m 2
Vy gi tr ca m h c nghim l 1 m 2
18 Gii h phng trnh:
2 px2 y 4 + 2xy 2 y 4 + 1 = 2(3 2 x)y 2

p
x y2 + x = 3
(1)
(2)
Li gii:
D thy y = 0 th h phng trnh v nghim.
Xt y 6= 0 chia hai v phng trnh (1) cho y 2 , ta c phng trnh mi nh sau:
r
2x
2
1
2+
x
+
1
=
6
2
2 2x
y2
y2
y4

s
2
1
1
2 x + 2
x+ 2 1=62 2
y
y
http://boxmath.vn/
13
1
= t. Ta c 2t t2 1 = 6 2 2 t = 3
2
y
1
1
Vi t = 3. Ta c x + 2 = 3 y 2 =
, thay vo phng trnh (2) ta c
y
3x
r
x=2y=1
1
q
+x=3
x
3x
2+1
x=4 2y =

p
p
2 + 1 ; 4 2;
2+1
Vy h phng trnh trn c 3 nghim l (x; y), (2; 1), 4 2;
t x +
19 Gii h phng trnh:
2x2 + 3xy = 3y 13 (1)

(I)
3y 2 + 2xy = 2x + 11 (2)
Li gii:
11 3y 2
T phng trnh (2) ta rt x =
th vo phng trnh (1) ta c
2y 2

2
11 3y 2
3(11 3y 2 )y
2
+
= 3y 13
2y 2
2y 2
(y 3)(y + 7)(3y 7)
=0
y1
y = 3 x = 4
17
y = 7 x =
7
y = x = 2
3

17
7
Vy h phng trnh c 3 cp nghim (x; y) = (3; 4); 7;
; 2
;
2
3
20 Gii h phng trnh:
4x2 + 3y(x 1) = 7
3y 2 + 4x(y 1) = 3
Li gii:
Ta c h phng trnh
(
http://boxmath.vn/
4x2 + 3y(x 1) = 7
"
4x + 3y(x 1) = 7
y=1
(y 1) [3(y + 1) + 4x] = 0
3y = 3 4x
x= 4
(
y=1
4x2 + 3x 10 = 0
(
y=1
x = 2
3y = 3 4x
y=1
x = 4
x=4
y = 19
3
14

Kt lun :Vy h phng trnh c 3 cp nghim(x; y) =

5
19
; 1 , (2; 1) 4;

4
3
21 Gii h phng trnh:
x2 + 2 = x(y 1) (1)
y 2 7 = y(x 1) (2)
Li gii:
Ly (1) cng (2) ta c:
(x y)2 + (x + y + 1) = 6 (3)
Ly (1) tr (2) ta c:
x2 y 2 + 9 = x + y
(x y)(x + y + 1) = 9
9
x + y + 1 =
(x 6= y)
xy
Th vo (3) ta c:
(x y)2
9
=6
xy
(x y)3 9 = 6(x y)
xy =3
Th vo (2) ta c
x =
2
7
y =
2
1
7
Vy nghim ca h phng trnh l x =
;y =

2
2
22 Gii h phng trnh:
xy x + y = 3
(1)
4x3 + 12x2 + 9x = y 3 + 6y + 5 (2)
Li gii:
(
3xy 3x + 3y = 9
4x3 + 12x2 + 9x = y 3 + 6y + 5
(
http://boxmath.vn/
3y(xy + y 3) + 3x 3y = 9 (3)
4x3 + 12x2 + 9x = y 3 + 6y + 5
(4)
15
Ly (3) cng (4) vi theo v ta c:

4x3 + 12x2 + 12x 3xy 2 + y 3 3y 2 + 4 = 0
4(x + 1)3 + 4y 3 3y 2 (y + x + 1) = 0

(x + y + 1) 4(x + 1)2 4(x + 1)y + y 2 = 0
(x + y + 1)2 (2x + 2 y)2 = 0
"
x+y+1=0
2x + 2 y = 0
- Vi x + y + 1 = 0 y = x 1 thay vo (1) ta c x2 + 3x + 4 = 0 (v nghim)
3 + 17
x =
4
- Vi 2x + 2 y = 0 y = 2 + 2x thay vo (1) ta c 2x2 + 3x 1 = 0
3 17
x=
!
!4
3 + 17 1 + 17
3 17 1 17
Vy h cho c 2 nghim: (x; y) =
;
,
;

4
2
4
2
23 Gii h phng trnh:
4x2 + y 4 4xy 3 = 1 (1)

2x2 + y 2 2xy = 1 (2)
Li gii:
Nhn v ca (2) vi 2 ri cng cho (1) v theo v ta c: y 4 2y 2 4xy 3 + 4xy + 1 = 0
2

y 2 1 4xy y 2 1 = 0

y 2 1 y 2 1 4xy = 0
y = 1 y = 1 y 2 1 4xy = 0
"
Nu y = 1, thay vo (1) ta c: 4x2 + 1 4x = 1 x (x 1) = 0
Nu y = 1, thay vo (1) ta c: 4x2 + 1 + 4x = 1 x (x + 1) = 0
x=0
x=1
"
x=0
x = 1
Nu y 2 1 4xy = 0 x =
y 1
, thay vo (1) ta c:
4y
2
2

2
y 1
y 1
4
3
4
2
4
+y 4
y = 1 5y 6y + 1 = 0
y
4y
4y
=1x=0
= 1 x = 0
5
5
=
x=
5
5
5
5
=
x=
5
5
Vy h phng trnh c 4 nghim l:
!
5 5
(x; y) = (1; 1) , (0; 1) , (1; 1) , (0; 1) ,
,
;
5 5
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!
5
5
;
5
5
16
24 Gii h phng trnh:
x4 + 5y = 6
(1)
x2 y 2 + 5x = 6 (2)
Li gii:
Ly (1) tr (2) v theo v ta c:
x4 x2 y 2 + 5 (y x) = 0

x2 x2 y 2 5 (x y) = 0
x2 (x y) (x + y) 5 (x y) = 0

(x y) x2 (x + y) 5 = 0
x = y x2 (x + y) 5 = 0
Nu x = y, thay vo (1) ta c:
"
x4 + 5x = 6 x2 x + 3 (x + 2) (x 1) = 0
x = 2 y = 2
x=1y=1
5
x Thay vo (1) ta c:
x2

5
4
x +5
x = 6 x6 5x3 6x2 + 25 = 0
x2
Nu x2 (x + y) 5 = 0 y =
6
5
3
2
6
6
432
3
2
5x + 6x 5.
+6
< 25 x6 5x3 6x2 + 25 > 0

5
5
25
T (2) ta c: 5x = 6 x2 y 2 6 x
Do :
Suy ra trng hp ny h v nghim

Vy h phng trnh cho c nghim duy nht: (x; y) = (2; 2) , (1; 1)
25 Gii h phng trnh:
1 + y = 2 x + 2
(1)
y
x x
y x2 + 1 + 1 = 3x2 + 3 (2)
Li gii:
(
iu kin:
x>0
y 6= 0
Phng trnh (1) tng ng vi
y x + y 2 = 2x x + 2xy
y 2 +
x 2x y 2x x = 0
"
y= x
y = 2x
- Nu y = x, thay vo (2) ta c:

2
x
x + 1 + 1 = 3x2 + 3
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17

Ta c: x x2 + 1 + 1 < 0 < 3x2 + 3 nn phng trnh ny v nghim
- Nu y = 2x, thay vo (2) ta c:

2x
x2 + 1 + 1 = 3x2 + 3

x2 + 1 2x 3 = 2x
2x
x2 + 1 =
(3)
2x 3
2x
, x (0; +)
x2 + 1, x (0; +) v g (x) =
2x 3
2 3
x
< 0, x (0; +)
> 0, x (0; +); g 0 (x) =
f 0 (x) =
2
x +1
2x 3
Suy ra f (x) ng bin (0; +) trn v g (x) nghch bin trn (0; +)
Ta thy f ( 3) = g( 3) x = 3 l nghim duy nht ca phng trnh (3)
Suy ra (4) c nghim duy nht x = 3 y = 2 3

Vy h phng trnh cho c nghim duy nht (x; y) =
3; 2 3
Xt 2 hm s: f (x) =
26 Gii h phng trnh:
x3 8 + x 1 = y
(x 1)4 = y
(1)
(2)
Li gii:
iu kin: x 1
Vi iu kin , thay (2) vo (1), ta c
x 1 = (x 1)2
x3 x2 + 2x 9 + x 1 = 0
x3 8 +
Xt f (x) = x3 x2 + 2x 9 +
x1
2
2
Ta c f 0 (x) = 3x2 2x + 2 +
= 2x2 + 1 + (x 1)2 +
> 0, x > 1
x1
x1
Nh vy f (x) ng bin trn [1; +), li c f (2) = 0 nn phng trnh f (x) = 0 c nghim duy
nht x = 2. Suy ra y = 1.
Vy h phng trnh c nghim duy nht (x; y) = (2; 1)
27 Gii h phng trnh:
1 + x3 y 3 = 19x3
y + xy 2 = 6x2
(1)
(2)
Li gii:
Nu x = 0, th h phng trnh v nghim.
Xt x 6= 0. Nhn hai v ca (2) vi x, ta c: xy + x2 y 2 = 6x3
Thay vo (1), ta c:
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18

6 1 + x3 y 3 = 19 xy + x2 y 2
2
xy =
xy =
2
xy = 1
1
x = ; y = 2
Vi tng trng hp, thay vo (1), ta suy ra c cc cp nghim x = 1 ; y = 3
2
x = 0 (loi)

1
1
Vy phng trnh c hai nghim (x; y) l:
; 2 v
;3
3
2
28 Gii h phng trnh:
y + xy 2 = 6x2
1 + x2 y 2 = 5x2
(1)
(2)
Li gii:
Nu x = 0,th t (1) suy ra y = 0, loi do khng tha mn (2)
Nu y = 0, th t (1) cng suy ra x = 0, loi do khng tha mn (2)
Vy x 6= 0, y 6= 0
Chia (1) cho y, chia (2) cho y 2 ta c
1
1
(10 )
+ x = 6x.
y
y
1
1
2 + x2 = 5x2 . 2 (20 )
y
y
Suy ra
1

2
2
x =0
1
1
1
y
6x
2x = 5 x
1
2
y
y
y
x =
y
31
1
Trng hp x = 0 loi do x 6= 0, y 6= 0
y
2
1
x =
y
31
Vy t (10 ) suy ra
1
12
x + =
y
31
1
12
2
Suy ra x, l nghim ca phng trnh t2 t +
= 0.
y
31
31
2
12
8
Phng trnh ny c t =
< 0 nn v nghim.
31
31
Vy h phng trnh cho v nghim.
29 Gii h phng trnh:
x2 (1 2y) = y 2 (4x + 2y) (1)

2x2 + xy y 2 = x
(2)
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19
Li gii:
Nu x = 0 th y = 0. Vy (0; 0) l mt nghim
Xt x 6= 0, nhn c hai v ca (2) vi x, ta c
( 2
x = 4xy 2 + 2y 3 + 2x2 y
x2 = 2x3 + x2 y y 2 x
Suy ra
2x3 x2 y 5xy 2 2y 3 = 0
(x 2y) (x + y) (2x + y) = 0
x = 2y
x = y
1
x= y
2
y=0
2
- Vi x = 2y, thay vo (2) ta c 9y 2y = 0

2
y=
9

2 4
;
Trong trng hp ny h c nghim (0, 0) ,
9 9
- Vi x = y, thay vo (2) ta c x = 0. Vy hc nghim (0; 0)
1
y=
1
1
2
2
- Vi x = y, thay vo (2) ta c y = y
2
2
y=0

1 1
Trong trng hp ny h c nghim:
;
, (0; 0)
2 4

1 1
2 4
Vy h phng trnh cho c 3 nghim:
;
, (0; 0) v
;

2 4
9 9
30 Gii h phng trnh:
y(xy 2) = 3x2
(1)
y 2 + x2 y + 2x = 0 (2)
Li gii:
H phng trnh cho tng ng vi
(
y(xy 2) = 3x2 (1)
y(y + x2 ) = 2x (2)
xy 2
3x
4 3x3
=
y
=
y + x2
2
5x
Suy ra
(3)
Th (3) vo (1), ta c
4 3x3
5x

4 3x3
x.
2 = 3x2
5x
2
(4 3x3 ) 10.(4 3x3 ) 75x3 = 0

9x6 69x3 24 = 0
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20
t=8
1
t=
3
- Vi t = 8 suy ra x = 2 dn
r n y = 2
r
r
1
1
3 1
3 1
2
suy ra x =
dn n y +
y + 2 3 = 0.
- Vi t =
3
3
9
3
r !2
r
1
1
Phng trnh ny v nghim do = 3
8. 3 < 0
9
3
3
t x = t, ta c 9t 69t 24 = 0
Vy h phng trnh cho c nghim (x; y) duy nht l: (2; 2)

31 Gii h phng trnh:
5x3 + 3y 3 2xy = 6
3x3 + 2y 3 + 3xy = 8
Li gii:
H phng trnh cho tng ng
( 3
5x + 3y 3 = 6 + 2xy
3x3 + 2y 3 = 8 3xy
x3 = 13xy 12
y 3 = 21xy + 22
()
Suy ra
(xy)3 = (13xy 12) (21xy + 22)

(xy 1) (xy)2 + 274xy 264 = 0
xy = 1
xy
=
137
19033
xy = 137 + 19033
- Vi xy = 1, thay vo (*) ta c nghim
ca h phng trnh l (1; 1)
(
x = 3 13a 12
- Vi xy = 137 19033, ta c
vi a = 137 19033
3
y = 21a + 22
(
x = 13b 12
19033
- Vi xy = 137 + 19033, ta c
vi
b
=
137
+
3
y = 21b + 22

(1; 1), x = 3 13a 12; y = 3 21a + 22 v x = 3 13b 12; y = 3 21b + 22
vi a = 137 19033 v b = 137 + 19033.

32 Gii h phng trnh:
4x2 + y 4 4xy 3 = 1 (1)

4x2 + 2y 2 4xy = 2 (2)
Li gii:
Tr v theo v c
y 4 2y 2 + 4xy(1 y 2 ) = 1
2
(y 2 1) = 4xy(y 2 1)

y 2 1 y 2 1 4xy = 0
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21
- Vi y 2 = 1 y = 1. Ta c 4 nghim (0;1) v (1;1) v (-1;-1) v (0;-1)

- Vi y 2 1 = 4xy, thay vo (2), ta c 4x2 + y 2 = 1 y 2 = 1 4x2 (3)
Li thay (3) vo (1) ta c
(1 4x2 )2 4xy(1 4x2 ) = 1 4x2
Nu 1 4x2 = 0 th y = 0 khng tho h. Vy 1 4x2 4xy = 1 x2 + xy = 0
Vi x = 0 y = 1
1
Vi x = y thay vo h c x =
5

1 1
1
1
Vy h cho c cc nghim (x; y)l: (0;1),(0;-1),(1;1),(-1;-1) , ; , ;
5
5
5 5
33 Gii h phng trnh:
2x2 y + 3xy = 4x2 + 9y

7y + 6 = 2x2 + 9x
Li gii:
2
Ta c t (2) suy ra: y =
2x + 9x 6
7
(3)
Thay (3) v (1), ta c

2

2

2x2 + 9x 6
2x + 9x 6
7.4x2
2x + 9x 6
2x
+ 3x
=
+9
7
7
7
7

2
2
2
2x + 9x 6 (2x + 3x 9) = 28x
2
4x4 + 24x3 31x2 99x + 54 = 0

1
x
(x + 2)(4x2 + 18x 54) = 0
2
Suy ra
1
x = 2
x = 2
9
+
3
33
x =
9 3 33
x=
4

1
1
1 1
x= y=
. Suy ra h phng trnh c nghim
;
2
7
2 7

16
16
x = 2 y =
. Suy ra h phng trnh c nghim 2;
7
7
!
9 + 3 33
9 + 3 33
x=
y = 3. Suy ra h phng trnh c nghim
;3
4
4
!
9 3 33
9 3 33
x=
y = 3. Suy ra h phng trnh c nghim
;3
4
4
Vi
Vi
Vi
Vi
Vy h phng trnh cho c 4 nghim!(x; y) l:

!

1 1
16
9 + 3 33
9 3 33
;
, 2;
,
; 3 v
; 3 .
2 7
7
4
4
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22
34 Gii h phng trnh:
x + y + x + 3 = y 3
x
x + y + x = x + 3
(1)
(2)
Li gii:
iu kin: x > 0
y3
y3
(1)
=
x
x+y x+3
"
y=3
x+y x+3=x
Vi y = 3, thay vo (1), suy ra x = 0
Vi x + y x + 3 = x (3). Thay vo (2) ta c
x+3=x
2x + 3 + 2 x2 + 3x = 9
x2 + 3x = 3 x
(
x3
9 6x + x2 = x2 + 3x
x+3
x=1
Thay vo (3), suy ra y = 8
Vy h phng trnh c nghim (x; y) l (1; 8)
35 Gii h phng trnh:
(x y)4 = 13x 4
x + y + 3x y = 2
Li gii:
Ta c
x + y + 3x y = 2
p
p
x + y + 3x y + 2 (x + y) (3x y) = 2 1 2x = (x + y) (3x y)
1
4x2 4x + 1 = 3x2 + 2xy y 2 , x
2
2
(x y) = 4x 1
Thay vo (1), ta c
(4x 1)2 = 13x 4
5
x=
16
x=1
1
5
3
nn loi nghim ny. Vy x = . Suy ra y =
.
2
16
16

5 3
Vy h phng trnh cho c nghim duy nht l:
;

16 16
Do x = 1 >
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23
36 Gii h phng trnh:
2y(x2 y 2 ) = 3x
x(x2 + y 2 ) = 10y
Li gii:
Nu x = 0 th y = 0 v ngc li. Vy (0; 0) l 1 nghim ca h
Xt xy 6= 0. T phng trnh th 2 suy ra x, y cng du
Nhn cho 2 v ca 2 phng trnh trong h cho, ta c
20x2 y 2 20y 4 = 3x4 + 3x2 y 2
3x4 17x2 y 2 + 20y 4 = 0
2
x = 4y 2
5
x2 = y 2
3
"
x = 2y
(v x, y cng du)
3x = 15y
- Nu x = 2y, th vo (1) ta c (x; y) = (2; 1) v (x; y) = (2;!1)
!
30375 4 135
4 30375 4 135
;
v (x; y) =
;
- Nu 3x = 15y, th vo (1) ta c (x; y) =
6
2
6
2
!
!
4
30375 4 135
4 30375 4 135
;
v
;
.
Vy h c 5 nghim (x; y) l: (0; 0), (2; 1), (2; 1),
6
2
6
2
37 Gii h phng trnh:
x + 2y
x + 2
= 2 (1)
x + y2
2x y
y +
= 0 (2)
x2 + y 2
Li gii:
iu kin: x, y khng ng thi bng 0
- Nu x = 0 th thay vo (1), ta c y = 1. Nghim (0; 1) tha mn h phng trnh
- Nu y = 0 th thay vo (2), ta c x = 1. (x; y) = (1; 0) khng tha mn h phng trnh
Xt x, y 6= 0
Nhn c hai v ca (1) vi y, nhn c hai v ca (2) vi x, ta c
xy + 2y 2
= 2y (3)
xy + 2
x + y2
2x2 xy
xy +
= 0 (4)
x2 + y 2
y1
Cng v theo v (3) v (4), suy ra xy + 1 = y x =
(y 6= 0)
y
Thay vo (2) ta c
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24
2 (y 1) y y 3
+y =0
(y 1)2 + y 4

y4 1
y
=0
(y 1)2 + y 4
y = 1
- Nu y = 1, thay vo (2) suy ra x = 0 hoc x = 2
- Nu y = 1, thay vo (2), cng suy ra c x = 0 hoc x = 2
Vy h phng trnh cho c 4 nghim (0; 1) , (2; 1) , (0; 1) , (2; 1)
38 Gii h phng trnh:
2x2 + x + y 2 = 7 (1)
xy x + y = 3
(2)
Li gii:
Nu x = 1 th khng tha mn (2). Vy x 6= 1
x+3
T phng trnh (2) ta c xy x + y = 3 y =
x+1
Thay y vo phng trnh (1)

2
x+3
2
=7
(1) 2x + x +
x+1
"
#
2
x
+
3
(2x2 + x 6) +
1 =0
x+1
4
.(x + 2) = 0
(x + 2)(2x 3) +
(x + 1)2
3

2x + x2 4x + 1
(x + 2).
=0
(x + 1)2
"
x = 2
2x3 + x2 4x + 1 = 0
x = 2
x = 1

1
3 17
x =

1
x=
3 + 17
4
- Vi x = 2, ta c nghim (2; 1)
- Vi x = 1, ta c nghim (1; 2)

1
- Vi x =
3 17 , ta c nghim
4
- Vi x =

1
3 + 17 , ta c nghim
4
!
9 17
1
3 17 ;
4
1 + 17
!
9 + 17
1
3 17 ;
4
1 + 17
Vy h phng trnh c 4 nghim:

!
9 17
1
(2; 1), (1; 2),

3 17 ;
,
4
1 + 17
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!
9 + 17
1
3 17 ;

4
1 + 17
25
39 Gii h phng trnh:

x2 + 3y = 9
y 4 + 4(2x 3)y 2 48y 48x + 155 = 0
Li gii:
9x
3
Thay vo (2) ta c:
Ta c (1) y
y + 4 (2x 3) y 48
9 x2
3

48x + 155 = 0
y 4 + 4 (2x 3) y 2 + 16x2 48x + 11 = 0

y 2 + 4x 11 y 2 + 4x 1 = 0
" 2
y = 4x + 11 (3)
y 2 = 4x + 1 (4)
9 x2
y =
3
2
Thay (1) vo (3), ta c
9 x2
= 4x + 11 ()
3
" 2
3
2x
+
3
2 = 0 (6)
Ta c () x4 18x2 + 36x 18 x4 = 18(x 1)2
x2 + 3 2x 3 2 = 0 (7)
p
p
12 2 6 36 24 2
3 2 + 18 12 2
y=
x =
2
12
p
p
(6)
3 2 18 12 2
12 2 + 6 36 24 2
x=
y=
2
12
p
p
12 2 + 6 36 24 2
3 2 + 18 12 2
y=
x =
2
12
p
p
(7)
3 2 18 12 2
12 2 6 36 24 2
x=
y=
2
12
Thay (1) vo (4) ta c
9 x2
y
=
3

2 2
= 4x + 1()
3
() x4 18x2 + 36x + 72 = 0

x2 6x + 12 x2 + 6x + 6 = 0
x2 + 6x + 6 = 0 (do x2 6x + 12 > 0, x)
"
x = 3 + 3 y = 1 + 2 3
y = 3 3 y = 1 2 3
Vy h phng trnh c 6 nghim nh trn.
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26
40 Gii h phng trnh:
x 2 + y 2 = x y
y 3 x 3 = y x 2
Li gii:
Ta c
x2 + y 2 = x y
3
y x =yx
x(x 1) = y(y + 1)
(1)
y(y 1)(y + 1) = x (x 1) (2)
Th (1) vo (2) c
x(x 1)(y 1) = x2 (x 1)
- Nu x = 0 thay vo (1), ta c
x(x 1)(x + y 1) = 0
x=0
x = 1
x=1y
"
y=0
y = 1
"
- Nu x = 1 thay vo (1), ta c
y=0
y = 1
- Nu x = 1 y thay vo (1), ta c (1 y) (y) = y (y + 1) y 2 = 0 y = 0
Vy h phng trnh c cc nghim
(x; y) l: (0; 0) , (0; 1) , (1; 0) , (1; 1)
41 Gii h phng trnh:
x3 y 3 = 4x + 2y
x2 1 = 3(1 y 2 )
Li gii:
Xt 4 x = 0 x = 2, y = 0 hoc x = 2, y = 0 (c hai u tha mn).
Xt y = 0 suy ra x = 2 hoc x = 2 (tha mn)
Xt y 6= 0 v x 6= 2
Ta c:
(
(
4x x3 = (y 3 + 2y)
x(4 x2 ) = y(y 2 + 2)
()
4 x2 = 3y 2
4 x2 = 3y 2
( 2
y = 3xy 2 (1)
Suy ra 3xy = (y 2 + 2). Vy
x2 = 10 + 9xy (2)
(
(x y)(x2 + y 2 + xy) = 2(2x + y)
Mt khc h phng trnh cng c th vit thnh
(x y)(x + y) = 4(1 y 2 )
(
(x y)(8 + 7xy) = 2(2x + y)
Thay (1), (2) vo ta c:
(x + y)(x + y) = 12(1 + xy)
2
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27
(
Mt khc, x khc y
nu x = y th h tr thnh
2x = y
x = y = 1
!
v nghim
nn
12(8 + 7xy)(1 + xy) = 2(2x + y)(x + y)

6(8 + 7xy)(1 + xy) = 2x2 + y 2 + 3xy
Li thay (1), (2) vo cho ta 6(8 + 7xy)(1 + xy) = 18(xy + 1) xy =
5
7
- Vi xy = 1 ta c x = 1, y = 1 hoc x = 1, y = 1.
5
5
1
5
1
ta c x = , y = hoc x = , y =
- Vi xy =
7
7
7
7
7

Vy h phng trnh c su nghim (x; y) l: (1; 1); (1; 1); (2; 0); (2; 0);
5 1
;
7 7

5 1
; ;
7 7
42 Gii h phng trnh:

2x2 + xy y 2 5x + y + 2 = 0 (1)
x 2 + y 2 + x + y 4 = 0
(2)
Li gii:
Ta c (1) 2x + x (y 5) y y + 2 = 0
Xt x = (y 5)2 4.2. (y 2 y + 2) = 9y 2 + 18y + 9 = 9(y + 1)2
Vy suy ra
"
x = 5 y + 3 (y + 1) = 2y + 8
2
x = 5 y 3 (y + 1) = 4y + 2
Nu x = 2y + 8, thay vo (2) ta c
(2y + 8)2 + y 2 + 2y + 8 + y 4 = 0 5y 2 + 35y + 68 = 0 (v nghim)
Nu x = 4y + 2, thay vo (2) ta c
(4y + 2)2 + y 2 4y + 2 + y 4 = 0
17y 2 19y + 2 = 0
y=1
2
y=
17
- Vi y = 1, suy ra x = 2
2
26
- Vi y = , suy ra x =
17
17
Vy h phng trnh c hai nghim (x; y) l: (2; 1) ;

26 2
;

17 17
43 Gii h phng trnh:
3 (x3 y 3 ) = 4xy
(1)
x 2 y 2 = 9
(2)
Li gii:
http://boxmath.vn/
28
"
T (2) suy ra
xy = 3
xy = 3
Nu xy = 3 th thay vo (1) ta c
3
3
x
=4
x
3
"
3
3
x
=
2
31; y = p
3
x = 2 31
2 31
3
3
x3 = 2 + 31
x = 2 + 31; y = p
3
2 + 31
Nu xy = 3th thay vo (1), ta c

3
3
x
3
= 4 x3
2
4x3 + 27 = 0 (v nghim)
Vy h phng trnh cho c hai nghim.

44 Gii h phng trnh:
cos2 x = sin x. sin y
(1)
sin2 x = cos x. cos y
(2)
Li gii:
Cng v theo v ca h phng trnh, ta c cos (y x) = 1 y = x + k2, k Z
Thay vo (1), ta c
cos2 x = s inx. sin (x + k2)
cos2 x = sin2 x
l
x = + ,l Z
4
2
m
+
,m Z
4
2

Vy h phng trnh c nghim (x; y) l:
+l ; +m
(l, m Z)
4
2 4
2
Suy ra y =
45 Gii h phng trnh:

2 x + 2 + y 1 = 5
2y + 2 + x 1 = 5
Li gii:
Tr v theo v ca 2 phng trnh trong h ta c:
xy
xy
y1+ x1
x+2+ y+2
x=y
p

p
2
x+2+ y+2 = y1+ x1
Trng hp 1: x = y
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29
Th vo phng trnh th nht ca h, ta c:
2 x+2+ x1=5
5x 18 + 4 x2 + x 2 = 0
x 18
5
2
16 x + x 2 = 25x2 + 180x + 324
18
x=2y=2
x=2
x = 178
9
Trng hp 2: Vit li
p
p
2 y1+2 x1= x+2+ y+2

5 x1
2 52 x+2 +2 x1= x+2+
2
2 x+2= x1+3
4 (x + 2) = x + 8 + 6 x 1
x=2 x1
x2 4x + 4 = 0 x = 2 y = 2
Vy h phng trnh c nghim duy nht l (2; 2)
46 Gii h phng trnh:
p
y x2 y 2 = 48
p
x + y + x2 y 2 = 24
Li gii:
2
iu kin: x y
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30
Bin i h phng trnh cho:

p
48
x2 y 2 =
y
48
x+y+
= 24
y
48
x = 24 y
y
2
48
x2 y 2 =
y2
48
x = 24 y
y2

48
482
24
y
=
y
y2
48
x = 24 y
y
2.24.48
242 2.24.y
+ 2.48 = 0
y
48
x = 24 y y
"
y=6
y=8
"
y=6
y=8
x = 10
Vy h phng trnh c nghim (x; y) l (10; 6) v (10; 8)
47 Gii h phng trnh:
x4 x3 y + x2 y 2 = 1
x3 y x2 + xy = 1
Li gii:
H phng trnh cho
tng ng vi h :
x2 (x2 2xy + y 2 ) + x3 y = 1
x2 (x y)2 + x3 y = 1
x(x y) + x3 y = 1
x(x y) + x3 y = 1
x3 y = 1 + x(x y)
(1)
x2 (x y)2 + x(x y) 2 = 0 (2)

Gii phng trnh (2), ta t x(x y) = a, nn c: "
a2 + a 2 = 0
a=1
a = 2
Vi a = x(x y) = 1, ta em th vo phng trnh "
(1), vy nn dn n:
x=0
x3 y = 0
y=0
Vi x = 0 h phng trnh cho v nghim
Vi y = 0 th vo ta c nghim x = 1
Vy h phng trnh cho c 1 b nghim (x; y) = (1; 0)
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31
48 Gii h phng trnh:
(x2 + x + 1)(y 2 + y + 1) = 3
(1 x)(1 y) = 6
Li gii:
Phng trnh th nht ca h tng ng:

(x 1)2 + 3(x 1) + 3 (y 1)2 + 3(y 1) + 3 = 3
(x 1)2 (y 1)2 + 3(x 1)(y 1)(x + y + 1) + 3(x 1)2 + 9(x 1) + 3(y 1)2 + 9(y 1) + 6 = 0 (1)
Vi y = 1 khng l nghim ca h. Vi y 6= 1, phng trnh th hai ca h tng ng:
x1=
6
(2)
y1
Th (2) vo (1), ta c:
(y 1)2 + 9(y 1) +
36
54
+
+ 32 = 0
y 1 (y 1)2
t t = y 1, iu kin t 6= 1 Ta c phng trnh sau:

"
t4 + 9t3 + 32t2 + 54t + 36 = 0 (t + 2)(t + 3)(t2 + 4x + 6) = 0
t = 2
t = 3
Vi t = 2, ta c: y = 1, x = 2
Vi t = 3, ta c: y = 2, x = 1
Vy h c hai nghim: (x, y) = (2; 1), (1; 2)
49 Gii h phng trnh:
2x2 + xy y 2 5x + y + 2 = 0
x 2 + y 2 + x + y = 4
Li gii:
Nhm nhn t phng trnh th (1) ta c:
(x + y 2)(2x y + 1) = 0
Ta th y = 2 x vo phng trnh (2), ta c nghim x = 1
Ta th y = 2x + 1 vo phng trnh (2), ta c kt qu:
5x2 + 7x 2 = 0
7 + 89
2 + 89
Vi x =
th y =
10
5
7 89
2 89
Vi x =
th y =
10
5
Vy h phng trnh cho c 3 b nghim
!
7 + 89 2 + 89
7 89 2 89
(x; y) = (1; 1),
;
,
;

10
5
10
5
50 Gii h phng trnh:
y 3 = x3 (9 x3 )
x2 y + y 2 = 6x
http://boxmath.vn/
32
Li gii:
Vi y = 0 th x = 0, vy (0; 0) l nghim ca h
Vi y 6= 0, th h phng trnh
cho tng ng vi:

3
2

x +y
x2 + y
3y
=9
x
x
2
x + y = 6
x
y
Dn n ta c kt qu sau sau y 3 = 8 y = 2
Vi y = 2 th x = 2 hoc x = 1
Vy h phng trnh cho c 3 nghim (x; y) = (2; 2), (1; 2), (0; 0)
51 Gii h phng trnh:
2y 2 x + 2x + y 3 y 2 1 = 7y
2y 2 + 2xy + 1 = 7y
Li gii:
H phng trnh cho tng
ng :
y(2y 2 + 2y 1) + 2x + y 3 y 2 1 = 7y
2y 2 + 2xy + 1 = 7y
2x = y 3 6y 2 + 8y + 1
2y 2 + 2xy + 1 = 7y
2x = y 3 6y 2 + 8y + 1
2y 2 + y(y 3 6y 2 + 8y + 1) + 1 = 7y
2x = y 3 6y 2 + 8y + 1
y 4 6y 3 + 10y 2 6y + 1 = 0
2x = y 3 6y 2 + 8y + 1
x = 2
(y 1)4 = 0
y = 1
Vy h phng trnh cho c nghim l (x; y) = (2; 1)
52 Gii h phng trnh:
x3 3xy 2 x + 1 = y 2 2xy x2
y 3 3yx2 + y 1 = y 2 + 2xy x2
Li gii:
H phng trnh cho
tng ng vi h sau:
x(x2 y 2 ) 2xy 2 + (x2 y 2 ) + 2xy x + 1 = 0 (1)
y(y 2 x2 ) 2x2 y + (x2 y 2 ) 2xy + y 1 = 0 (2)
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33
Ly (1) i(2) ta c phn tch sau:

x(x2 y 2 ) 2xy 2 + (x2 y 2 ) + 2xy x + 1 i[y(y 2 x2 ) 2x2 y + (x2 y 2 ) 2xy + y 1] = 0
(x2 y 2 )(x + yi) 2xy(xi y) + (x2 y 2 )(1 i) + 2xy(1 + i) (x + yi) + 1 + i = 0
(x + yi)(x2 y 2 ) + 2xyi(x + yi) + (x2 y 2 )(1 i) 2xyi(i 1) (x + yi) + 1 + i = 0
(x + yi)(x2 + 2xyi y 2 ) + (x2 + 2xyi y 2 )(1 i) (x + yi) + 1 + i = 0
(x + yi)3 + (1 i)(x + yi)2 (x + yi) + 1 + i = 0
t z = x + yi, vy nn dn n:
z 3 + (1 i)z 2 z + 1 + i = 0 (z 1)(z 2 + z + i 1) = 0
Vi z = i th x = 0 v y = 1
Vi z 2 + z + i 1 = 0 (bn c t gii).
53 Gii h phng trnh:
x2 y 2x + 3y 2 = 0
y 2 x + 2y + x2 = 0
Li gii:
Nhn thy x = y = 0 l 1 nghim ca h.
Vi xy 6= 0. t x = ty, ta c h:
t2 y 2 2t + 3y = 0
ty 2 + 2 + t2 y = 0
Nhn (2) vi t ri cng v tr v theo v ta c: y =
"
t = 1
T y ta c: t6 8t3 9 = 0
t= 39
- Vi t = 1 y = 1
x=1
239
3
- Vi t = 9 y =
x = 2 3 3
3
t3 3
4t
=
2
2t
3 t3
!
239

Vy h phng trnh c 3 nghim: (x; y) = (0; 0), (1; 1), 2 3;
3
54 Gii h phng trnh:
4(xy + x2 + y 2 ) +
3
= 7 (1)
(x + y)2
2x + 1
=3
x+y
(2)
Li gii:
T phng trnh (2), ta c: x = 1 3y
Th (3) vo (1) ta c
(3)
4[(1 3y)y + (1 3y)2 + y 2 ] +
3
=7
(1 3y)2
56y 4 + 40y 3 + 34y 2 20y = 0

1
y y
(56y 2 + 12y + 40) = 0
2
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34
- Vi y = 0 th x = 1
1
1
- Vi y = th x =
2
2
3 569
19 + 3 569
- Vi y =
th x =
28
28
3 + 569
19 3 569
- Vi y =
th x =
28
28
Vy h phng trnh cho c nghim
!

1 1
19 3 569 3 + 569
(x; y) = (1; 0),
;
,
;
,
2 2
28
28
19 + 3 569 3 569
;

28
28
55 Gii h phng trnh:
x 1 + x(3x y) + xx = 3y + y 1
3xy 2 + 4 = 4x2 + 2y + x
Li gii:
x 1
iu kin:
y 1
Vi x = 1, ta c:
y 1 = 4y 4
y=1
3y 2 2y 1 = 0
Suy ra (x; y) = (1; 1) l mt nghim ca h.

Vi x > 1, phng trnh th nht tng ng:
p
x 1 y 1 + 3(x y) + x(x y) = 0
xy
+ 3(x y) + x(x y) = 0
x1+ y1
1
+ 3 + x) = 0
(x y)(
x1+ y1
x = y
Th y = x vo phng trnh th hai ta c:
3x3 4x2 3x + 4 = 0
(x 1)(x + 1)(3x 4) = 0
4
x =
3
4
4
Vi x = , ta c y = x =
3
3
Vy h cho c 2 nghim (x; y) = (1; 1),

4 4

;
3 3
56 Gii h phng trnh:

x2 y + 2xy 2 + 3y 3 4(x + y) = 0
xy(x2 + y 2 ) 1 = 3xy (x + y)2
Li gii:
http://boxmath.vn/
35
Phng trnh th nht tng ng:

x2 y xy 2 + 3xy 2 + 3y 3 4(x + y) = 0
(x + y)(3y 2 xy 4) = 0
"
y = x
3y 2 xy 4 = 0 ()
Th y = x vo phng trnh th hai ca h cho,ta c:
2x4 3x2 + 1 = 0
x = 1
2
x=
2
!
!
2 2
2
2
;
,
;
l bn nghim ca h cho.
Suy ra (x; y) = (1; 1), (1; 1),
2 2
2
2
Phng trnh th hai ca h cho tng ng:
(xy + 1)(x2 + y 2 1) = 0
"
xy = 1
x2 + y 2 1 = 0 ()
+ Th xy = 1 vo (*), ta c: y 2 = 1 y = 1.
Suy ra (x; y) = (1; 1), (1; 1) l hai nghim ca h cho.
3y 2 4
+ T x2 + y 2 = 1 ta c y 6= 0. Do () x =
.
y
3y 2 4
vo (**), ta c:
Th x =
y
10y 4 25y 2 + 16 = 0 (v nghim)
!
2 2
Vy h cho c 4 nghim (x; y) = (1; 1), (1; 1),
;
,
2 2
57 Gii h phng trnh:
!
2
2
;

2
2
x(y + 1 + 1) = 7y + 1 1
x2 y + xy + 1 = 13y x2 + 12
Li gii:
iu kin: y 1
phng trnh th hai ca h cho, tng ng:
p
(x2 13)(y + 1) + x y + 1 + 1 = 0 ()
Ta thy x = 7 khng l nghim ca h.
Ta thy x =
6 7, phng trnh th nht h cho tng ng:
p
p
x( y + 1 + 1) = 7 y + 1 1
p
(7 x) y + 1 = x + 1
p
x+1
y+1=
7x
http://boxmath.vn/
36
Th
y+1=
x+1
vo (*), ta c:
7x

(x 13)
x+1
7x
2
+
x(x + 1)
+1=0
7x
x4 + x3 5x2 33x + 36 = 0
(x 1)(x 3)(x2 + 5x + 12) = 0
"
x=1
x=3
1
8
y+1= y =
3
9
Vi x = 3, ta c y + 1 = 1 y =
0

8
, (3; 0)
Vy h cho c 2 nghim (x; y) = 1;
9
Vi x = 1, ta c
58 Gii h phng trnh:

p
x + y + px y = 2
p
p
y + x y x = 1
Li gii:
iu kin: x 0, y 0.
H phng cho tng ng:
x + px2 y = 2
p
2y 2 y 2 x = 1
Chuyn v sau bnh phng ln v thu gn ta c :
4x + y + 4 = 0
4y + 4x + 1 = 0

Vy h c 1 nghim (x; y) =
59 Gii h phng trnh:

17 5
;

12 3
x
x 2y = 6y + 2
y
px + x 2y = x + 3y 2
Li gii:
iu kin: y 6= 0
p
y 2 25y 2
x 2y
=
2
4
"
x 2y = 2y (1)

x 2y = 3y
(2)
- Vi
x 2y = 2y, thay vo phng trnh th hai ta c:

p
x 2y = x + 3y 2 2y = x + 3y 2 x = 5y + 2
http://boxmath.vn/
37

y 0
Thay x = 5y + 2 vo (1) ta c 7y + 2 = 2y
y = 2 x = 12
4y 2 + 7y 2 = 0
- Vi x 2y = 3y, thay vo phng trnh th hai ta c:

"
p
x + 3y = 1 (loi)
x + 3y = x + 3y 2
x + 3y = 2 x = 4 3y
y 0
8
4
Thay x = 4 3y vo (2) ta c 4 5y = 3y
y= x=
9y 2 + 5y 4 = 0
9
3

8 4
Vy h phng trnh c 2 nghim: (x; y) =
;
, (12; 2).
3 9
60 Gii h phng trnh:
16x3 y 3 9y 3 = (2xy y)(4xy 2 + 3)
4x2 y 2 2xy 2 + y 2 = 3
Li gii:
Vi y = 0 khng l nghim h.
Vi y 6= 0, ta chia phng trinh th nht cho y 3 , phng trnh th hai cho y 2 ta c

16x3 9 = (2x 1) 4x + 2
(1)
y
4x2 2x + 1 = 3
(2)
y2
Th (2) vo (1) ta c:
16x3 9 = (2x 1)(4x2 + 2x + 1) 16x3 9 = 8x3 1 x3 = 1 x = 1
Thay x = 1 vo (2) ta c y = 1
Vy h phng trnh c 2 nghim: (x; y) = (1; 1), (1; 1).
61 Gii h phng trnh:

1
=3
2x 1 + 2
x + y2

1
=1
2y 1 2
x + y2
Li gii:
iu kin: xy 6= 0
H phng trnh cho tng ng:

1
=
2 1 + 2
x + y2

1
=
2 1 2
x + y2
Nhn v theo v ta c:
x2
3
()
x
1
y
3 1
4 = +
x y
4
3 1
x2 + y 2
x y
16
9
1
= 2 2
2
+y
x
y
9y 4 8x2 y 2 x4 = 0
y 2 = x2
http://boxmath.vn/
38
Th y 2 = x2 vo (*), ta c:
2x2 3x + 1 = 0

Th li ta thy nghim (x; y) = (1; 1),
1 1
;
2 2
x = 1 y = 1
1
1
x= y=
2
2
tha mn.

1 1
;

Vy h phng trnh c 2 nghim: (x; y) = (1; 1),
2 2
62 Gii h phng trnh:
x2 + y 2 + 2xy = 1
x+y
x + y = x2 y
Li gii:
iu kin: x + y > 0.
(x + y 1)(x2 + y 2 + x + y) = 0 x + y = 1
"
x=1y=0
Thay y = 1 x vo phng trnh th hai ta c: x2 + x 2 = 0
x = 2 y = 3
Vy h phng trnh c 2 nghim (x; y) = (1; 0), (2; 3)
63 Gii h phng trnh:
xy + x + y = x2 2y 2
x2y y x 1 = 2x 2y
Li gii:
iu kin: x 1, y 0
"
(x + y)(y + 1 x + y) = 0
x+y =0
x 2y = 1
T iu kin suy ra x + y > 0, do ta ch nhn x = 2y + 1

Th x = 2y + 1 vo phng trnh th hai ta c
p
(y + 1)( 2y 2) = 0 y = 2 x = 5
Vy h phng trnh c nghim duy nht: (x; y) = (5; 2)
64 Gii h phng trnh:
(x 1) (y 2 + 6) = y (x2 + 1)
(y 1) (x2 + 6) = x (y 2 + 1)
Li gii:
Ta vit h phng trnh di dng:
http://boxmath.vn/
39

xy 2 + 6x y 2 6 = x2 y + y
(1)
x2 y + 6y x2 6 = xy 2 + x (2)
Ly (1) tr (2) ta c:
xy (x y) + 6 (x y) + (x y) = xy (x y) (x y)
(x y) (x + y 2xy + 7) = 0
"
x=y
x + y 2xy + 7 = 0
- Vi: x = y thay li vo phng trnh (1) ta c: "
x2 5x + 6 = 0
x=y=2
x=y=3
- Vi: x + y 2xy + 7 = 0
Ly (1) cng vi (2) ta c:
6 (x + y) (x + y)2 + 2xy 12 = x + y (x + y)2 5 (x + y) 2xy + 12 = 0
Ta t S= x + y, P = xy (S 2 4P ) khi
ta c:
S 2P + 7 = 0
S = 2P 7
S 2 5S 2P + 12 = 0
(2P 7)2 5 (2P 7) 2P + 12 = 0
P = 6
S = 2P 7
S = 4
(
2
P 10P + 24 = 0
P =4
(loi)
S=1
P = 5
Vi
suy ra x; y l nghim ca phng trnh:
S = 6
"
t=3
t2 5t + 6 = 0
t=2
Vy h cho c 4 nghim (x; y) = (2; 2), (3; 3), (2; 3), (3; 2)
65 Gii h phng trnh:
x2
y2
1
+
2
2 =
2
(y + 1)
(x + 1)
3xy = x + y + 1
(1)
(2)
Li gii:
iu kin: x, y > 1
Cch 1
T phng trnh (2) ca h ta c:
y + 1 = (3y 1) x
x + 1 = (3x 1) y
Thay vo phng trnh (1) ta c
h mi:
1
1
1
2 +
2 =
2
(3x 1)
(3y 1)
3xy = x + y + 1
http://boxmath.vn/
40
t: u = 3x 1; v = 3y 1 suy ra: uv = 9xy 3 (x + y) + 1 = 3 (x + y + 1) 3 (x + y) + 1 = 4

Vy ta c h mi l:
u + v = 4
( 2
uv = 4
1 + 1 =1
u + v2 = 8
2
2
u
v
2
uv
=
4
u + v = 4
uv = 4
uv = 4
u + v = 4
u = 4 v
- Vi:
u = v = 2 x = y = 1 (tha)
uv = 4
v 2 4v + 4 = 0
u + v = 4
u = 4 v
1
- Vi:
u = v = 2 x = y = (tha)
uv = 4
v 2 + 4v + 4 = 0
3

1 1
Vy h cho c 2 nghim (x; y) = (1; 1), ;
3 3
Cch 2
Ta c nh gi quen thuc sau y:
a2 + b2 2ab a, b R
Du "=" xy ra a = b
Do t (1) ta c:
y2
2xy
1
x2
+
=
2
2
2
(x + 1) (y + 1)
(y + 1)
(x + 1)
(x + 1) (y + 1) 4xy
3xy x + y + 1
2
y2
x = y
x
=
2
2
(y
+
1)
(x
+
1)
Du "=" xy ra
3x2 2x 1 = 0
3xy = x + y + 1
x=y=1
(tha)
1
x=y=
(tha)
3

1 1
Vy h cho c 2 nghim (x; y) = (1; 1), ;
3 3
Cch 3
T phng trnh (2) ca h ta c:
4xy = x + y + xy + 1 4xy = (x + 1) (y + 1)
xy
1
=
(x + 1) (y + 1)
4
Kt hp vi (1) ta c c:

2
x2
y2
2xy
x
y
+
=
=0
(x + 1) (y + 1)
y+1 x+1
(y + 1)2 (x + 1)2
x
y
=
y+1
x+1
x=y
Vi x = y th li vo (2) ta c:
http://boxmath.vn/
41
x=y=1
(tha)
3x 2x 1 = 0
1
x=y=
3

1 1
Vy h cho c 2 nghim (x; y) = (1; 1), ;
3 3
(tha)
66 Gii h phng trnh:

p
x
+
x2 y 2
9x
=
5
x x2 y 2
5
+
3x
x
=
y
6 (5 y)
(1)
(2)
Li gii:
iu kin:
y 6= 0
x2 y 2 0
x x2 y 2 6= 0
(?)
Ta bin i phng trnh (2):

(2) 30x 6xy = 5y + 3xy
5 + 9x
10x 5
x
=
x=
(??)
y
30
3y
9
Thc hin trc cn thc (1) ta c:

2
2
p
s
2
x + x2 y 2
9x
x
x
9x
=
+
(1)
1 =
2
y
5
y
y
5
s
s
2
2
2
x
x
x x
x
9x
x
x
2
=6 1 +
+2
11=
1 3 = 0
y
y
y
5
y
y y
y
x
=0
y
s
2
x
x
+
13=0
y
y
- Vi:
x = 0
x
(v nghim)
=0
x = 5 (t (??))
y
9
- Vi:
x
s
s
3
2
2
y
x
x
x
x

2
2
+
13=0
1=3
x
x
x
y
y
y
y
1=96 +
y
y
y
x
5
=
3
y
x=5
5
x
T = v (??) suy ra:
.Th li iu kin (?) ta thy tha.
y = 3
y
3
http://boxmath.vn/
42
67 Gii h phng trnh:
4x2 + 3y (x 1) = 7 (1)
3y 2 + 4x (y 1) = 3 (2)
Li gii:
Xut pht t phng trnh (2) ta c:

(2) 3 y 2 1 + 4 (y 1) = 0
(y 1) [3 (y + 1) + 4x] = 0
"
y=1
3 (y + 1) + 4x = 0
- Vi: y = 1 thay vo (1) ta c:
5
4
4x + 3x 10 = 0
x = 2
- Vi:
3 (y + 1) + 4x = 0 kt hp
vi (1) ta c h sau y:
4x2 + 3y (x 1) = 7
3x + 3y = 7
3x (3 + 4x) = 7
3x (y + 1) + 4x2 = 0
3 (y + 1) + 4x = 0
y = 3 + 4x
3

19
5
; 1 , 4;

Vy h cho c nghim (x; y) = (2; 1),
4
3
x=
x = 4
y = 19
3
68 Gii h phng trnh:
4x2 + 3y (x 1) = 60
3y 2 + 4x (y 1) = 48
Li gii:
Ta bin i:
4x2 + 3xy 3y = 60
(1)
3y 2 + 4xy 4x = 48
(2)
Ly (1) nhn 4 ri cng vi (2) nhn 3 ta c:
4 (4x2 + 3xy 3y) + 3 (3y 2 + 4xy 4x) = 384 (4x + 3y)2 12 (x + y) = 384 (3)
Ly (1) cng (2) ta c:
(4x2 + 3xy 3y) + (3y 2 + 4xy 4x) = 108 (4x + 3y) (x + y) (4x + 3y) = 108 (4)
t2 384
t: t = 4x + 3y, t (3) suy ra: x + y =
thay vo (4) ta c:
12
2

t 384
t
t = 108 t3 396t 1296 = 0 (t + 18) t2 18t 72 = 0
12
t = 18
t = 9 + 317
t = 9 3 17
- Vi t = 18 suy ra:
4x + 3y = 18
x = 3
x + y = 5
y = 2
- Vi 9 + 3 17 suy ra:
http://boxmath.vn/
43
x = 93 21 17
4x + 3y = 9 + 3 17
2
25 + 9 17
y = 59 + 15 17
x + y =
2
- Vi 9 3 17 suy ra:
x = 93 + 21 17
4x + 3y = 9 3 17
2
25 9 17
y = 59 15 17
x + y =
2
Vy h cho c nghim
!
!
93 21 17
93 + 21 17
; 59 + 15 17 ,
; 59 15 17
(x; y) = (3; 2),
2
2
69 Gii h phng trnh:
x3 + y = 2 (1)
y 3 + x = 2 (2)
Li gii:
Cch 1
Tr v theo v hai phng trnh trong h ta c:
(x y) (x2 + xy + y 2 1) = 0
- Trng hp x = y. Thay li vo (1) ta c:
x3 + x = 2 (x 1) (x2 + x + 2) x = 1 (v x2 + x + 2 > 0 x R)
- Trng hp x2 + y 2 + xy = 1
Khng mt tnh tng qut ta gi s x y, t (1) ta c:
2 = x3 + y x3 + x x3 + x 2 0

(x 1) x2 + x + 2 0
x 1 (v x2 + x + 2 > 0 x R)
1 x 2 0 y 1 khi ta c:
x3 + y x + y 3
Du "=" xy ra khi v ch khi x = y = 1
Th li thy khng tha mn x2 + xy + y 2 = 1
x 2. Ta c:

2
1
3
2
2
x + xy + y =
x + y + x2 3 > 1 h v nghim
2
4
Vy nghim ca h phng trnh l: x = y = 1
Cch 2
Tr v theo v hai phng trnh trong h ta c:
(x y) (x2 + xy + y 2 1) = 0
- Vi x = y. Thay li vo (1) ta c:
x3 + x = 2 (x 1) (x2 + x + 2) x = 1 (v x2 + x + 2 > 0 x R)
- Vi x2 + y 2 + xy = 1 (x + y)2 xy = 1
Cng v theo v hai phng trnh ban u ta c:
x3 + y 3 + x + y = 4 (x + y)3 3xy (x + y) + x + y = 4
t: a = x + y ; b = xy (a2 4b) khi ta c h:
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44
a b=1
a3 3ab + a = 4
a2 b 1 = 0
a (a2 3b + 1) = 4
T (3) suy ra: a 6= 0, b 6= 1 v a =
a (2b + 2) = 4
(3)
a2 b 1 = 0
(4)
2
1b
Thay vo (4):

2
1b
2
b 1 = 0 b3 b2 b 3 = 0

(b 2) b2 + b + 1 = 1
b>2
T suy ra:
a2 4b 4b = 8 < 0 v l h v nghim
Vy h c nghim (x; y) = (1; 1)
Ch : Ta c th chng minh x2 + xy + y 2 1 = 0 v nghim nh sau: T a2 b = 1 v a2 4b
ta c:
4
2
a2
a2 |a|
1 = a2 b a2
4
3
3
2
3
Thay b = a 1 vo a 3ab + a = 4 ta c:
a3 2a + 2 = 0
2 2
Kho st hm s f (a) = a3 2a + 2 trn on ;
3 3

2 2
Ta d thy phng trnh f (a) = 0 vi a ; v nghim h v nghim
3 3
Cch 3
Cng, tr hai v tng ng ca hai phng trnh ta c:
(x y) (x2 + xy + y 2 1) = 0
(x + y) (x2 xy + y 2 + 1) = 4
Trng hp 1: x = y d thy l h c nghim (x; y) = (1; 1)
Trng hp 2: Xt h hai n S, P :
S 2 P = 1
(1)
S (S 2 3P + 1) = 4 (2)
vi S = x + y v P = xy (S 2 4P )
T (1) v iu kin S 2 4P ta suy ra: 1 P
Thay S 2 = 1 + P vo (2) ta c:
1
3
S (1 P ) = 2
T y suy ra S > 0
Mt khc (2) c vit li theo n S l:
S 3 2S + 2 = 0
Xt: f (S) = S 3 2S + 2 vi S > 0. Lp bng bin thin ta thy f (S) > 0 vi mi S > 0 nn trng
hp 2 v nghim.
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45
70 Gii h phng trnh:
x3 + 4y = y 3 + 16x
1 + y 2 = 5 (1 + x2 )
Li gii:
Cch 1
H cho tng ng vi:
y (y 2 4) = x (x2 16)
y 2 4 = 5x2
T suy ra:
x=0
5x y = x (x 16) x (5xy x + 16) = 0
1
y=
5
16
x
x
- Vi x = 0 ta c:
y 2 4 = 0 y = 2

1
6
- Vi y =
x
ta c:
5
x

2
1
16
256
x
4 = 5x2 x2 32x + 2 100 = 125x2
25
x
x
64
31x2 + 33 2 = 0
x

1
64
x
31x +
=0
x
x
" 2
x =1
31x2 = 64 (v nghim)
"
x = 1 y = 3
x = 1 y = 3
Vy h cho c nghim (x; y) = (0; 2), (0; 2), (1; 3), (1; 3)
Cch 2
Vit li h cho di dng:
( 3
x y 3 = 16x 4y (1)
y 2 5x2 = 4
(2)
Nhn (1) vi 4 v kho lo thay (2) vo ta c phng trnh:

4 x3 y 3 = (16x 4y) y 2 5x2

x3 y 3 = (4x y) y 2 5x2
x3 y 3 = 4xy 2 20x3 y 3 + 5x2 y

x 21x2 4y 2 5xy = 0
x=0
7
x (4y 7x) (y + 3x) = 0
y = 4x
y = 3x
- Vi x = 0 th li vo (2) ta suy ra y = 2
7
- Vi y = x vo (2) ta c:
4
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46
31x2 = 64 (v nghim)
- Vi y = 3x vo (2) ta c:
"
4x2 = 4
x = 1 y = 3
x=1
y = 3
Vy h phng trnh cho c nghim (x; y) = (0; 2), (0; 2), (1; 3), (1; 3)
Cch 3
Vit h phng trnh cho li di dng:
x3 y 3 = 16x 4y (1)
y 2 5x2 = 4
(2)
Xt x = 0 ta thy h c nghim (x; y) = (0; 2); (0; 2)
Xt x 6= 0 ta t y = mx. H tr thnh:
x3 (mx)3 = 16x 4mx

x2 (1 m3 ) = 16 4m (3)
(mx)2 5x2 = 4
x2 (m2 5) = 4
(4)
- Ta thy m = 1; m = 4 khng tha mn h nn chia theo v (3) v (4) ta thu c:
1
m2 5
=
1 m3 = 4m2 20 m3 + 5m
3
1m
4m
4m2 + 5m 21 = 0
m = 3
7
m=
4
- Vi m = 3 suy ra y = 3x th vo (2) ta thu c:
"
x = 1 y = 3
2
4x = 4
x=1
y = 3
- Vi m =
7
7
suy ra y = x thay vo (2) ta c:
4
4
31x2 = 64 (v nghim)
Vy h phng trnh cho c nghim (x; y) = (0; 2), (0; 2), (1; 3), (1; 3)
71 Gii h phng trnh:
y 3 = x3 (9 x3 )
x2 y + y 2 = 6x
Li gii:
Cch 1
H phng trnh cho tng
ng vi h sau:
9x3 = (x2 + y) (x4 x2 y + y 2 )
y (x2 + y) = 6x
(1)
(2)
Nhn thy (x; y) = (0; 0) l mt nghim ca h

http://boxmath.vn/
47
Vi xy 6= 0:
- Chia (1) cho (2) ta c:
x4 x2 y + y 2
3
3
= x2 x4 x 2 y + y 2 = x2
y
2
2

9
2
x2 + y = x2 y (?)
2
- Thay (2) vo (?) ta c:
36x2
9
= x2 y y 3 = 8
2
y
2
y=2
- Thay y = 2 li vo (2) ta c:
"
x2 3x + 2 = 0
x=1
x=2
Vy h cho c nghim (x; y) = (0; 0), (1; 2), (2; 2)

Cch 2
- Ta thy h cho c nghim (x; y) = (0; 0)
- Xt xy 6= 0. Chia (1) cho x6 v chia (2)cho x4 ta c h phng trnh:
3
y 9 = 1
x6 x23
y +y = 6
x2 x4
x3
t:
u = 2
x
(u; v 6= 0)
v = 1
x3
Ta c h mi:
u = 1 v = 0 (loi)
3
u3 9v = 1
v = u + 1
v = 1
9
u = 2
u + u2 = 6v
3
2
1
1
2u 3u 3u + 2 = 0
u=
v =
2
8
u = 2
x = 1
Vi:
ta suy ra:
v = 1
y = 2
u = 1
x = 2
2
Vi:
ta suy ra:
1
y = 2
v =
8
Vy h cho c nghim (x; y) = (0; 0), (1; 2), (2; 2)
72 Gii h phng trnh:
y 2 + x + xy 6y + 1 = 0
y 3 x 8y 2 + x2 y + x = 0
Li gii:
H phng trnh tng ngvi:
(1 + y) x = y 2 + 6y 1
yt + (1 + y 3 ) x = 8y 2
(vi t = x2 )
Ta c:
http://boxmath.vn/
48
D = y (1 + y)

Dt = (y + 1) y 4 + 7y 3 16y 2 + 7y 1

Dx = y y 2 6y + 1
Nhn thy y = 0 hay y = 1 khng phi l nghim h phng trnh suy ra D 6= 0
T h c nghim duy nht:
t = t
D
x = Dx
D
Suy ra:
2
Dt
Dx
=
DDt = (Dx )2
D
D
Ta c:

DDt = (y + 1) y 4 + 7y 3 16y 2 + 7y 1 [y (1 + y)]
= y 7 5y 6 + 3y 5 + 18y 4 + 3y 3 5y 2 + y

2
(Dx )2 = y y 2 6y + 1
= y 6 12y 5 + 38y 4 12y 3 + y 2
Do :
DDt = (Dx )2 y 7 5y 6 + 3y 5 + 18y 4 + 3y 3 5y 2 + y = y 6 12y 5 + 38y 4 12y 3 + y 2

y 7 6y 6 + 15y 5 20y 4 + 15y 3 6y 2 + y = 0

y y 6 6y 5 + 15y 4 20y 3 + 15y 2 6y + 1 = 0
y (y 1)6 = 0
"
y = 0 (loi)
y = 1 (tha)
Vi y = 1 thay li vo phng trnh u tin ca h ta suy ra x = 2
Vy h cho c nghim duy nht (x; y) = (2; 1)
73 Gii h phng trnh:
x3 xy 2 + 2000y = 0 (1)
y 3 yx2 500x = 0 (2)
Li gii:
Nhn thy (x; y) = (0; 0) l mt nghim ca h
Vi xy 6= 0 t hai phng trnh ca h ta c:

2000y
(1) x x2 y 2 + 2000y = 0 x2 y 2 =
x

500x
(2) y x2 y 2 + 500x = 0 x2 y 2 =
y
Suy ra:
2000y
500x
=
2000y 2 = 500x2
x
y
4y 2 x2 = 0
(2y x) (2y + x) = 0
"
x = 2y
x = 2y
- Vi x = 2y th vo (1) ta c:
http://boxmath.vn/
49
"
6y 3 + 2000y = 0 y (6y 2 + 2000) = 0
y = 0 (loi)
6y 2 + 2000 = 0 (v nghim)
- Vi x = 2y th vo (1) ta c:

6y 3 + 2000y = 0 y 6y 2 2000 = 0
"
y = 0 (loi)
6y 2 2000 = 0
20 30
10 30
x=
y=
3
3
10 30
20 30
y=
x=
!
3
! 3
20 30 10 30
20 30 10 30
Vy h c nghim (x; y) =
;
,
;

3
3
3
3
74 Gii h phng trnh:
x3 + 3xy 2 = 49
x2 8xy + y 2 = 8y 17x
(1)
(2)
Li gii:
Nhn hai v phng trnh (2) vi 3 ta c:
3x2 24xy + 4y 2 = 24y 51
Sau cng v vi v phng trnh (1) nhm cc s hng thch hp ta c:

3 (x + 1) y 2 24 (x + 1) y + x3 + 3x2 + 51x + 49 = 0

(x + 1) 3y 2 24y + x2 + 2x + 49 = 0

(x + 1) 3 (y 4)2 + (x + 1)2 = 0
x = 1

x = 1
y = 4
Vi x = 1 ; y = 4 ta thy tha mn h cho
Vi x = 1 thay li vo (1) ta c:
48 3y 2 = 0 y = 4
Vy h phng trnh cho c nghim (x; y) = (1; 4), (1; 4)
75 Gii h phng trnh:
x 3 = y + 3
y 3 = x + 3
Li gii:
y l h i xng loi 2 tr v theo v hai phng trnh trong h ta c:
x3 y 3 = (x y) (x y) x2 + xy + y 2 + 1 = 0
#
"
3
1
3 2
(x y) x + y + y + 1 = 0
2
4
x=y
Thay x = y li vo h ta c:
http://boxmath.vn/
50
x3 x 3 = 0 (?)
Xt hm s:
f (x) = x3 x 3
Lp bng bin thin ta thy rng f (x) = 0 c ch c 1 nghim thc duy nht
t: x = a + b, ta c:
(?) (a + b)3 (a + b) 3 = 0
a3 + b3 + (3ab 1) (a + b) 3 = 0
1
khi ta c c:
3
a3 + b 3 = 3
a3 b 3 = 1
27
Suy ra a3 , b3 l nghim ca phng trnh bc hai:
1
t2 3t +
=0
v27 r
v
r
u
u
u
u
239
239
u
u
3 3 +
3 3
t
t
27
27
x = a + b = 3 t1 + 3 t2 =
+
2
2
v
v
r
r
u
u
u
u
239
239
u
u
3 3 +
3 3
t
t
27
27
Vy h cho c nghim x = y =
+

2
2
Ta chn a, b sao cho ab =
76 Gii h phng trnh:

x6 y 3 15y 14 = 3 (2y 2 x2 ) (1)
4xy + 11x + 6y + 13 = 0
(2)
Li gii:
Trcht ta i gii phng trnh (1)
a = x2 (a 0)
t:
y = b 2
Ta c:

(1) a3 + (b 2)3 15 (a 2) 14 = 3 2 (a 2)2 b
a3 + 3a = b3 + 3b

(a b) a2 + ab + b2 + 3 (a b) = 0

(a b) a2 + ab + b2 + 3 = 0 (?)
Ta c:

2
b
3b2
a + ab + b + 3 = a +
+
+ 3 > 0, a, b
2
4
2
Do :
(?) a b = 0 a = b y = x2 2
Thay y = x2 2 vo (2) ta c:

4x x2 2 + 11x + 6 x2 2 + 15 = 0 4x3 + 6x2 + 3x + 1 = 0

(x 1) 4x2 + 2x + 1 = 0
"
4x2 + 2x + 1 = 0 (v nghim)
x=1
http://boxmath.vn/
51
Vi x = 1 y = 1 th li ta thy tha mn h
Vy h phng trnh cho c nghim (x; y) = (1; 1)
77 Gii h phng trnh:
x 2y xy = 0
(1)
x 1 + 4y 1 = 2 (2)
Li gii:
x 1
iu kin:
y 1
4
Ta c:

x+ y
x2 y =0
(1) x 2 xy 2y + xy = 0
"
x + y = 0 (v nghim vi iu kin ca h)

x = 2 y x = 4y
Th x = 4y vo (2) ta c:
2 x1=2 x1=1
x = 2 (tha)
1
Vi x = 2 y = (tha)
2

1
Vy h c nghim (x; y) = 2;

2
78 Gii h phng trnh:
x3 (21y 20) = 1 (1)

x (y 3 + 20) = 21 (2)
Li gii:
Cch 1
D thy x = 0 khng tha mn h, t (2) ta c:
20 =
21
y3
x
Thay vo (1) ta c:

21
3
3
x 21y + y
= 1 21x3 y + x3 y 3 21x2 = 1
x

(xy 1) 21x2 + x2 y 2 + xy + 1 = 0

3y 2
y 2
2
(xy 1) x +
+ 20x +
+1 =0
2
4
xy = 1
1
x=
y
Thay x =
1
vo (2) ta c:
y
http://boxmath.vn/
52
20
= 21 y 2 21y + 20 = 0
y
1
y = 5 x =
y = 1
x = 1
1
y=4
x =

4
1
1
Vy h cho c cc nghim (x; y) = (1; 1) ; ; 5 ;
;4
5
4
y2 +
Cch 2
D thy x = 0 khng tha mn h, t h cho ta c:
1
21y 20 =
x3
3
1
y
+
20
=
21
x
Suy ra:
3
3
y + 20
21y 20 =
21
y 3 + 20
t: t =
ta c:
21
t3 = 21y 20
y 3 = 21t 20
Tr v theo v hai phng trnh trong h mi ta c:

t3 y 3 = 21 (t y) (t y) t2 + ty + y 2 + 21 = 0

y 2 3y 2
+
+ 21 = 0
(t y) t +
2
4
t=y
y 3 21y + 20 = 0
1
y = 5 x =
y = 1
x=1
1
y=4
x=

4
1
1
Vy h cho c cc nghim (x; y) = (1; 1) ; ; 5 ;
;4
5
4
79 Gii h phng trnh:
2x 3 = (y 2 + 2011) (5 y) + y
y (y x + 2) = 3x + 3
(1)
(2)
Li gii:
x 3
2
iu kin:
y 0
T phng trnh (2) ta c:
"
(y + 3) (x y + 1) = 0
y = 3 (loi)
x=y1
Th x = y 1 (1) ta c:
http://boxmath.vn/
53
2y 5

y5
= y 2 + 2011 (5 y)
2y 5 + y

1
2
(5 y)
+ y + 2011 = 0
2y 5 + y

y = y 2 + 2011 (5 y)
V:
1
5
+ y 2 + 2011 > 0, y > y = 5 x = 4
2
2y 5 + y
i chiu iu kin ta suy ra h c nghim duy nht (x; y) = (4; 5)
Ch : Ta phn tch c (2) thnh tch l v:
(2) y 2 + y (2 x) (3x + 3) = 0
"
y = 3
C: = (x + 4)2
(2) (y + 3) (y x 1) = 0
y =x+1
80 Gii h phng trnh:
x + p1 y 2 = 1
y + 1 x 2 = 3
Li gii:
Vit li h cho di
dng:
p
1 y2 = 1 x
1 x2 = 3 y
Ly (1)-(2) ta c c:
1 y 2 = 1 2x + x2
1 x2 = 3 2 3y + y 2
(1)
(2)
x2 y 2 = 2 3y 2x + x2 y 2 2 x = 3y 1
Th li vo (1) ta c:

2
3y 1 +
3y 1 4y 2 4 3y + 3 = 0
3
1
y=
x=
2
2
Th li gi tr x; y ta thy tha mn
h
!
1 3
Vy h c nghim (x; y) =
;

2 2
1 y2 = 1 2
81 Gii h phng
trnh:
2 log
2
1x (2 2x + y xy) + log2y (x 3x + 1) = 6
log
(y + 5) log
(x + 4) = 1
1x
2+y
(1)
(2)
Li gii:
iu kin:
0 < 1 x 6= 1
2 2x + y xy > 0
0 < 2 + y 6= 1
x2 2x + 1 > 0
x+4>0
y + 5 > 0
4 < x < 1
x 6= 0
2 < y 6= 1

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54
(1) 2 log1x [(2 + y) (1 x)] + log2+y (1 x)2 = 6

log1x (2 + y) + log2+y (1 x) = 2
1
log1x (2 + y) +
=2
log1x (2 + y)
log21x (2 + y) 2 log1x (2 + y) + 1 = 0
log1x (2 + y) = 1
y = 1 x
Th y = 1 x vo (2) ta c:
4x
log1x (4 x) log1x (4 + x) = 1
= 1 x x2 + 2x = 0
4+x
"
x = 0 (loi)
x = 2(tha)
Vi x = 2 y = 1. i chiu iu kin ta thy tha.

82 Gii h phng trnh:
r
2
y 2 x y + 2 = 2x 2
x
3
py 2 + 1 +
2x 1 = 1
(1)
(2)
Li gii:
iu kin: x > 0
T (1) ta c:
! r
!
r
y2 + 2
y2 + 2
y2 + 2
2=0
+1
2 = 0 (?)
x
x
x
r
y2 + 2
Vi mi x > 0; y R ta c:
+ 1 > 0. Do :
xr
y2 + 2
2 = 0 y 2 + 1 = 4x 1
(?)
x
Th y 2 + 1 = 4x 1 vo (2) ta c:
4x 1 + 3 2x 1 = 1 (??)
u = 4x 1
Ti y ta tip tc t:
(u 0). T y ta c c:
3
v =
2x 1
u + v = 1
u = 1 v
u = 1
(??)
(tha)
u2 2v 3 = 1
2v 3 v 2 + 2v = 0
v = 0
y2 + 2
(1)
x
T suy ra:
Vi: x =
4x 1 = 1
3
2x 1 = 0
4x 1 = 1
x=
2x 1 = 0
1
y=0
2
Vy h phng trnh cho c nghim (x; y) =
1
(tha)
2

1
;0
2
83 Gii h phng trnh:
x2 y + xy 2 + x 5y = 0
2xy + y 2 5y + 1 = 0
http://boxmath.vn/
(1)
(2)
55
Li gii:
Ta thy rng y = 0 khng tha mn h phng trnh cho. T phng trnh (2) trong h ta c
c:
5y y 2 1
x=
2y
Th vo (1) ta c:
2

5y 1 y 2
5y 1 y 2
5y 1 y 2
2
.y +
.y +
5y = 0
2y
2y
2y

2
5y 1 y 2 + 2y 2 5y 1 y 2 + 2 5y 1 y 2 20y 2 = 0
y 4 3y 2 + 1 = 0

1
1
y = 2 1 5 x = 2 5 + 5

1
1
y =
1 + 5 x =
5 5
2
2

1
1
1+ 5 x=
5 5
y =
2
2

1
1
y=
1 5 x=
5+ 5
2
2
!
5+ 5 51
;
;
Vy h phng trnh cho c nghim: (x; y) =
2
2
84 Gii h phng trnh:
4x 3 + y 3 4y 2 4y 5 = y
y (y 2x + 2) = 6x + 3
!

5 5 51
;

2
2
(1)
(2)
Li gii:
x 3
4
iu kin:
y 0
Ta bin i phng trnh (2):
(2) y 2 2 (x 1) 6x 3 = 0
(y + 3) (y 2x 1) = 0
"
y = 3 (loi)
y = 2x + 1
Thay y = 2x + 1 vo (1) ta c:
4x 3 + (2x + 1)3 4 (2x + 1)2 4 (2x + 1) 5 = 2x + 1
4x 3 + 8x3 4x2 18x 12 = 2x + 1
4x 3 2x + 1 + 8x3 4x2 12x 12 = 0

2 (x 2)
+ (x 2) 8x2 + 12x + 6 = 0
4x 3 + 2x + 1

2
2
(x 2)
+ 8x + 12x + 6 = 0 (?)
4x 3 + 2x + 1
3
V vi mi x th:
4
2
+ 8x2 + 12x + 6 > 0

4x 3 + 2x + 1
http://boxmath.vn/
56
Do :
(?) x = 2 (tha)
Vi: x = 2 y = 5 (tha)
Vy h phng trnh cho c nghim: (x; y) = (2; 5)
85 Gii h phng trnh:
2x y = 1 + px(y + 1)
x 3 y 2 = 7
Li gii:
iu kin: x(y + 1) 0
r
r
x
y+1
=
+1
(1) 2x = 1 + y + x(y + 1) 2
y+1
x
r
t = 1
y+1
t t =
, t > 0 ta c t2 + t 2 = 0
t = 2 (loi)
x
p
Vi t = 1 y = x 1 th vo (2) ta c:
x3 x2 + 2x 8 = 0 x = 2
86 Gii h phng trnh:
3x y
x + 2
= 3 (1)
x + y2
x + 3y
y
= 0 (2)
x2 + y 2
Li gii:
Nhn phng trnh(1) vi x, nhn phng
vi y ta c:
trnh(2)
2
3x
xy
x2 + 2
= 3x
x + y2
xy + 3y 2
=0
y 2 2
x + y2
Tr hai phng trnh cho nhau ta c : x2 y 2 + 3 3x = 0 y 2 = x2 3x + 3
1
Th y 2 vo phng trnh (2 ) loi trng hp x = 0 ta c: y =
2x 3
Th y vo (1) a v phng trnh bc 5, phn tch nhn t ta c:
(x 1)(x 2)(4x2 12x + 13) = 0
"
x=2
x=1
Vy h phng trnh cho c 2 nghim (x; y) = (2; 1), (1; 1).
87 Gii h phng trnh:
x2 + 2xy + 2y 2 + 3x = 0 (1)
xy + y 2 + 3y + 1 = 0
(2)
Li gii:
http://boxmath.vn/
57
Ly phng trnh (1) cng vi 2 ln phng trnh (2), ta c :

(x + 2y)2 + 3 (x + 2y) + 2 = 0 (x + 2y + 1) (x + 2y + 2) = 0
TH1: x + 2y + 1 = 0 x = 2y 1 thay vo
c
" (2) ta
y
=
1
+
2
x
=
3
2
2
y 2 2y 1 = 0
y = 1 2 x = 3 + 2 2
TH2: x + 2y + 2 = 0 x = 2y 2 thay vo (2) ta
c
1 5
y=
x = 3 + 5
2
y2 y 1 = 0
1+ 5
x = 3 5
y=
2
Do h phng trnh cho c 4 nghim:
!
!
1+ 5

1 5
(x; y) = 3 2 2; 1 + 2 ; 3 + 2 2; 1 2 ; 3 + 5;
; 3 5;

2
2
88 Gii h phng trnh:
x4 + y 2 + 4x2 4y = 2 (1)
x2 y + 2x2 + 6y = 23
(2)
Li gii:
T phng trnh (2) ta c: x2 =
23 6y
thay vo phng trnh u sau thu gn ta c :
y+2
(y 4 2y 2 256y + 705)
=0
(y + 2)2
Nn ta c :
y 4 2y 2 256y + 705 = 0
Phn tch thnh nhn t ta c :
"
y = 3 x2 = 1
y = 5 x2 = 1 (v nghim)
Vy h phng trnh cho c 2 nghim: (x; y) = (1; 3), (1; 3)
(y 3) (y 5) (y 2 + 8y + 17) = 0
89 Gii h phng trnh:

2
x
5
=
x +
y + 1 2 4
y
5
y 2 +
=
x+1
4
Li gii:
iu kin: x, y 6= 1.
Tr hai phng trnh ca h cho, ta thu c:
http://boxmath.vn/
58

x
y
x
y
(x y) (x + y) +
+
=0
y+1 x+1
y+1 x+1

(x y) (x + y)
x
y
(x y) (x + y) +
+
=0
(x + 1) (y + 1) y + 1 x + 1
x = y

x
y
1
+
=0
1+
(x + 1) (y + 1) y + 1 x + 1
"
x = y
(x + 1)2 (y + 1)2 + x2 + 1 + y 2 + 1 = 0 (v nghim)

Trng hp : x = y, ta phi gii
2 trnh sau:
phng
5
x
=
x2 +
x+1
4
4x2 (x2 + 2x + 2) = 5(x + 1)2
8x2 + 8x3 + 4x4 5x2 5 10x = 0
1
x=
(x 1)(2x 1)(2x + 5x + 5) = 0
2
x=1
2
Trng hp 2: x = y, ta phi
trnh sau:
gii phng
2
x
5
x2 +
=
1x
4
4x2 (x2 2x + 2) = 5(x + 1)2
3x2 8x3 + 4x4 5x2 5 + 10x = 0
1
x=
(x + 1)(2x 1)(2x 5x + 5) = 0
2
x = 1
1
Th li, ta ch nhn cc nghim x = y = 1 v x = y =
2

1 1
Vy h phng trnh cho c nghim (x; y) = (1; 1); ;
2 2
2
90 Gii h phng trnh:
6 x 2 = 3x y + 3y
(1)
y
2p3x + 3x y = 6x + 3y 4 (2)
Li gii:
"
3y 2 3x y = 0 (3)
Phng trnh (1) tng ng vi (3y 2 3x y)(y + 3x y) = 0
y + 3x y = 0 (4)
Th phng trnh (3) vo phng tnh (2):
6x + 3y = 8
3y 23x y = 0
http://boxmath.vn/
6x + 3y = 8
3y 2 16 + 10y = 0
1
x = (13 + 73)
6
1
y = (5 73)
3
1
x = (13 73)
6
1
y = (5 + 73)
3
59
Th phng trnh (4) vo phng tnh (2):
y + 3x y = 0
6x + 5y = 4
y + 3x y = 0
2y 2 4 + 7y = 0
x=4
y = 4
1
x=
4
1
y=
2
Vy h phng
trnh
cho
c
nghim

1

1

1
1
1 1
(x; y) =
13 + 73 ; 5 73 ;
13 73 ; 5 + 73 ; (4; 4);
;

6
3
6
3
4 2
91 Gii h phng trnh:
|x| + |y| = 1
x 2 + y 3 = 1
Li gii:
Ta thy nu x l nghim ca h th x cng l nghim nn ch cn xt x 0.
Ta xt hai trng hp:
Nu y 0 th ta c h:
x=1
x + y = 1
y=0

x2 + y 3 = 1
x=0
y=1
Nu y < 0 th ta c h:
x y = 1
x 2 + y 3 = 1
x = 1
y = 0
Vy h phng trnh cho c nghim (x; y) = (1; 0), (1; 0), (0; 1)
92 Gii h phng trnh:
p
5y 4 x4 6 (x2 y 2 ) 2xy = 0
(1)
1
(5y 2 + x2 )2 18 = xy (6 5y 2 x2 ) (2)
2
Li gii:
xy 0
iu kin:
5y 4 x4 0
Phng trnh (2) tng ng vi
(x2 + 5y 2 6)(x2 + 5y 2 + 2 xy + 6) = 0 x2 + 5y 2 = 6 (3)

Th vo (1) ta c:
http://boxmath.vn/
60
p
2
p
5y 4 x4 +
5y 4 x4 = 2xy + (2xy)2
p

p
5y 4 x4 2xy
5y 4 x4 + 2xy + 1 = 0
p
p

4
4
4
4
5y x 2xy
5y x + 2xy + 1 = 0
p
5y 4 x4 = 2xy
x = y
"
y = 1; x = 1
y = 1; x = 1
Vy h phng trnh c 2 nghim: (x; y) = (1; 1), (1; 1).
Thay x = y vo (3) gii ra c
93 Gii h phng trnh:
x2 y + 2(x2 + y) = 8
xy + x + y = 5
Li gii:
T phng trnh th nht ta c:
x=
5y
y+1
Th vo phng trnh cn li, sau quy ng, rt gn ta c:

3y 3 12y 2 9y + 42 = 0
Phn tch thnh nhn t ta c:
"

3 (y 2) y 2 2y 7 = 0
Vy h phng trnh cho c nghim (x; y) = (1; 2),
y=2
y =12 2
!
2 2
,1 + 2 2 ,
1+ 2
2+ 2
,1 2 2 .
1 2

94 Gii h phng trnh:
x2 + 5x + y = 9
3x3 + x2 y + 2xy + 6x2 = 18
Li gii:
http://boxmath.vn/
61
Vit li h phng trnh:
y = 9 x2 5x
3x3 + x2 (9 x2 5x) + 2x(9 x2 5x) + 6x2 18
y = 9 x2 5x
x4 4x3 + 5x2 + 18x 18 = 0
y = 9 x2 5x
(x 1)(x + 3)(x2 + 2x 6) = 0
y = 9 x2 5x
x=1

x=3
x = 1 7
x=1
y=3
x=3

y = 15
x = 1 7
y = 4 7 7
Vy h phng trnh cho c nghim (x; y) = (1; 3); (3; 15); 1

7; 4 7 7 .
95 Gii h phng trnh:
xlog 3 + log y = y + log x

2
2
2
xlog 12 + log x = y + log y
3
Li gii:
iu kin: x, y > 0
H phng trnh tng ng vi :
3x
y
=2
(1)
x
y
x
12 x = 3y y (2)
x
Nhn v theo v ta c: 36
= 6y y = 2x

x
4
= 2 x = log 4 2 y = 2 log 4 2
Thay vo (1) ta tm c
3
3
3

Vy h phng trnh cho c nghim guy nht: (x; y) = log 4 2; 2 log 4 2

3
96 Gii h phng trnh:
x(x2 + y 2 ) = 10y
(1)
2y(x2 y 2 ) = 3x (2)
Li gii:
http://boxmath.vn/
62
Nhn cho phng trnh (1) v phng trnh (2) ta c:

"
2
2 2
3x (x + y ) = 20y (x y ) 3x 17x y + 20y = 0
x2 = 4y (3)
3x2 = 5y 2 (4)
Kt hp (3) v (1) ta c h phng trnh:
x(x2 + y 2 ) = 10y
x2 = 4y
x=0
y=0
x=2
y=1
Kt hp (4) v (1) ta c h phng trnh:
x(x2 + y 2 ) = 10y
x=0
y=0
1
x = 4 375
3x2 = 5y 2
2
r
3 1
4
375
y=
52
!
r
1
3
1
4
4
Vy h phng trnh cho c nghim (x; y) = (0; 0), (2; 1),

375;
375
2
52
97 Gii h phng trnh:
3
xy = xy
(1)
x + y = x + y + 2 (2)
Li gii:
M 6 hai v ca phng trnh (1) ta c:
"
(x y)2 = (x y)3 (x y)2 (x y 1) = 0
x=y
x=y+1
+ Nu x = y tth phng trnh (2) tr thnh:
2x =
2x + 2
x 0
4x2 = 2x + 2
x0
x=1
x = 1
2
x=1
+ Nu x = y + 1 th vo (2) ta c:
y 1
p
2
2y + 1 = 2y + 3
4y 2 + 4y + 1 = 2y + 3

Vy h cho c hai nghim l (x; y) = (1; 1),
3 1
;
2 2
y=
1
2

98 Gii h phng trnh:
x 2 + y 2 + x + y = 4
x(x + y + 1) + y(y + 1) = 2
http://boxmath.vn/
63
Li gii:
Vit li h phng trnh:
x 2 + y 2 + x + y = 4
(1)
x2 + y 2 + xy + x + y = 2 (2)
Tr theo v cho hai phng trnh ta c:
xy = 2 (3)
Cng (2) v (3) theo v ta c:
"
x = y
(x + y)2 + x + y = 0 (x + y)(x + y + 1) = 0
x = y 1
"
x= 2 y= 2
+ Nu x = y th: (3) x2 = 2
x= 2y= 2
"
y = 1 x = 2
+Nu x = y + 1th (3)
y = 2 x = 1

2; 2 , 2; 2 , (1; 2), (2; 1)

Vy nghim ca h phng trnh cho l: (x; y) =
99 Gii h phng trnh:
x2 5xy + 6y 2 = 0
(1)
4x2 + 2xy + 6x 27 = 0 (2)
Li gii:
Xt y = 0 khng l nghim ca h.
x
Vi y 6= 0, chia hai v ca phng trnh (1) cho y 2 v t = t phng trnh (1) tr thnh:
y
t2 5t + 6 = 0 t = 2, t = 3
+Vi t = 3 x = 3y khi :
9 9 15
3 3 15
x=
y=
14
14
(2) 14y 2 + 6y 9 = 0
3 + 3 15
9 + 9 15
x=
y=
14
14
+Vi t = 2 x = 2y khi :
9
9
y = 10 x = 5
2
(2) 20y + 12y 27 = 0
3
y = x = 3
2
Vy nghim ca h phng trnh cho
l:
!

9 9 15 3 3 15
9 + 9 15 3 + 3 15
3
9 9
(x, y) =
;
,
;
, 3;
,
;

14
14
14
14
2
5 10
100 Gii h phng trnh:
4
4
x 16 = y 1 (1)
8x
y
x2 2xy + y 2 = 8 (2)
Li gii:
D thy:
"
(2)
http://boxmath.vn/
xy =2 2
x y = 2 2
(3)
64
Mt khc:
(1) x4 y 16y = 8xy 4 8x

(x 2y) xy(x2 + 2xy + 4y 2 ) + 8 = 0
"
x = 2y
xy(x2 + 2xy + 4y 2 ) + 8 = 0
+ Thay x = 2y vo (3)ta c:
x = 42
TH1: x y = 2 2
y = 2 2
x = 42
TH2: x y = 2 2
y = 2 2
+ Phng trnh xy(x2 + 2xy + 4y 2 ) + 8 = 0 v ngim

Vy h cho c 2 nghim: (x; y) = 4 2; 2 2 , 4 2; 2 2 .
y 3 = x3 (9 x3 ) (1)
x2 y + y 2 = 6x
(2)
Li gii:
D thy (x; y) = (0; 0) l nghim ca h phng trnh.
Xt x, y 6= 0. H phng trnh tng ng vi:
(y + x2 )(y 2 x2 y + x4 ) = 9x3
x2 + y = 6x
y
(3)
(4)
Thay (4) vo (3) ta c:

3
y 2 x2 y + x4 = x2 y
2
5
x4 x2 y + y 2 = 0
" 22
x = 2y
y
x2 =
2
+ Vi x2 = 2y th vo (2) ta c nghim x = 2; y = 2
y
+ Vi x2 = th vo (2) ta c nghim x = 1; y = 2
2
Vy h phng trnh cho c nghim l (x; y) = (2; 2), (1; 2)
1 x + 1 y = 2 (1)
1 + x + 1 + y = 6 (2)
Li gii:
iu kin: x.y [1; 1]
Cch 1:
http://boxmath.vn/
65
x + y + 2p(1 + x)(1 + y) = 4 (3)

p
x + y = 2 (1 x)(1 y)
(4)
p
p
(1 + x)(1 + y) + (1 x)(1 y) = 2
p
1 xy = (1 x2 )(1 y 2 )
(x y)2 = 0
x = y
1
T y th tr li (1) d dng suy ra c h cho c nghim duy nht x = y = .
2
Cch 2:
Vit li h phng trnh
2 1 x + 2 1 y = 1 ()
2
2
6
6
1+x+
1 + y = 3 ()
2
2
Cng theo v ca (), () ta c:
2
6
2p
6p
1x+
1+x+
1y+
1 + y = 4 (?)
2
2
2
2
p dng bt ng thc Bunhiacopxki ta c:

3 1
2
+
( 1 x + 1 + x) (1 x + 1 + x)
=4
2 2
3 1
+
=4
( 1 y + 1 + y)2 (1 y + 1 + y)
2 2
2
6
2
6
1x+
1+x+
1y+
1+y 4
2
2
2
2
1
Du "=" phng trnh (?) xy ra x = y = .
2

1 1
Vy h phng trnh c nghim duy nht (x; y) =
;

2 2
x + y + x + 3 = y 3
x
x + y + x = x + 3
(1)
(2)
Li gii:
x 0
iu kin:
x + y 0
Vit li phng trnh u ca h thnh:
"
x + y + x + 3 = 0 (3)
x + y (x + 3)
x+y+ x+3=

x
x + y x + 3 = x (4)
+ T (3) suy ra x = 3 v y = 3, khng tha iu kin nn loi
http://boxmath.vn/
66
+ Ly (4) tr phng trnh (2) ca h ta c:
x+ x+3=3
Gii phng trnh ny tm c x = 1 y = 8 (tha mn)
2x3 + 3x2 y = 5
y 3 + 6xy 2 = 7
Li gii:
Ta c h
phng trnh cho tng
ng vi:
8x3 + 12x2 y = 20
(2x + y)3 = 27
y = 3 2x
y 3 + 6xy 2 = 7
y 3 + 6xy 2 = 7
y 3 + 3y 2 (3 y) 7 = 0 ()
y=1
7 105
y=
Ta li c: () (y 1)(2y 2 7y 7) = 0
7 + 105
y=
4
T d dng ta thu c nghim ca h phng trinh
l:
! cho
!
5 105 7 + 105
5 + 105 7 105
;
,
;

(x; y) = (1; 1),
8
4
8
4
(x + y)(x2 y 2 ) = 45
(x y)(x2 + y 2 ) = 85
Li gii:
H cho tng ng vi:
(x + y)2 (x y) = 45
(1)
2(x y)(x2 + y 2 ) = 170 (2)

Tr v theo v ca phng trnh (2) cho phng trnh (1) ta c:
2(x + y)(x2 + y 2 ) (x y)(x + y)2 = 125 (x y)3 = 125 x y = 5
Th x = y + 5 vo (1) ta c:
"
y = 1 x = 4
(1) (2y + 5)2 = 9
y = 4 x = 1
Vy h phng trnh cho c nghim l: (x; y) = (4; 1); (1; 4)
xy + 6 = 3x + 2y
x2 2x + y 2 = 4y 3
Li gii:
http://boxmath.vn/
67
Ta c:
xy + 6 = 3x + 2y(1)
x2 2x + y 2 = 4y 3(2)
(x 2)(y 3) = 0
x2 2x + y 2 = 4y 3

x = 2
2
y 4y + 3 = 0

y=3
x2 2x = 0
y l cc h phng trnh c bn.

Gii ra ta thu c cc nghim ca phng trnh cho l: (x; y) = (0; 3), (2; 1), (2; 3)
x2 + 2xy 3y 2 = 0 (1)
x |x| + y |y| = 2
(2)
Li gii:
T phng trnh (1) d dng suy ra: x = y hoc x = 3y.
+ Vi x = y th vo phng trnh (2) ta c:
x < 0
(2) 2x|x| = 2
x = 1 x = y = 1
x 4 = 1
+ Vi x = 3y ta c:
y > 0
3
1
x=
2
2

3 1
Vy h phng trnh cho c 2 nghim l: (x; y) = (1; 1), ;

2 2
(2) 8y|y| = 2
y = 1
4
2
y=
108 Tm a h phng trnh sau

c nghim b [0; 1] :
ax + ay = 8
x + y = b 2 b + 1
Li gii:
iu kin: 0 < a 6= 1
Ta c:
ax + ay = 8
x + y = b 2 b + 1
a +a =8
2
ax+y = ab b+1
ax + ay = 8
ax .ay = ab2 b+1
Suy ra ax , ay l nghim ca phng trnh:

2
t2 8t + ab b+1 = 0 ()
2
h cho c nghim th (*) c nghim () 0 ab b+1 16 b [0; 1] 0 < a 16
Vy a (0; 16], a 6= 1 tha mn yu cu bi ton
2
2
x + y + xy = 37 (1)
x2 + z 2 + xz = 28
y 2 + z 2 + yz = 19
(2)
(3)
Li gii:
http://boxmath.vn/
68
Ta c
(1) (2) y 2 z 2 + x (y z) = 9 (y z) (x + y + z) = 9
(4)
(2) (3) x2 y 2 + z (x y) = 9 (x y) (x + y + z) = 9 (5)

"
x+y+z =0
(4) (5) [(y z) (x y)] (x + y + z) = 0
yz =xy
Trng hp: x + y + z = 0 z = (x + y). Thay vo h ta c:
x2 + y 2 + xy = 37
x2 + y 2 + xy = 28 (v nghim)
x2 + y 2 + xy = 19
(
Trng hp: y z = x y = t
x=y+t
z =yt
. Thay vo (4) ta c:
t (y + y + t + y t) = 9 ty = 3 t =
3
y
(6)
Thay vo (3) ta c:
y 2 + (y t)2 + y (y t) = 19 3y 2 3ty + t2 = 19 3y 2 + t2 = 28
(7)
y 2 = 9 y = 3 t = 1
9
3y 2 + 2 = 28 3y 4 28y 2 + 9 = 0
3
1
2
y
t = 3 3
y = y=
3
3
Gii tng trng hp
(
y=3
t=1
(
y = 3
x=4
z=2
(
x = 4
t = 1
z = 2
10
3
x =
y = 3
3
3
t = 3 3
z = 8 3
3
10 3
y = 3
x =
3
3
t = 3 3
z = 8 3
3
Vy h phng trnh c 4 nghim l:
(x; y; z) = (4; 3; 2) , (4; 3; 2) ,
http://boxmath.vn/
!
10 3
3 8 3
10 3 3 8 3
;
;
,
;
;

3
3
3
3
3
3
69
x + y + z + t = 15
x2 + y 2 + z 2 + t2 = 65
(1)
(2)
x3 + y 3 + z 3 + t3 = 315 (3)
xt = yz
(4)
Li gii:
(2) (x + t)2 + (y + z)2 2xt 2yz = 65
(x + y + z + t)2 2(x + t)(y + z) 4xt = 65 (do (4))
(x + y + z + t)2 2(x + t) [15 (x + t)] 4xt = 65 (do (1))
152 2(x + t) [15 (x + t)] 4xt = 65
(x + t)2 15(x + t) 2xt = 80 (5)
(3) (x + t)3 + (y + z)3 3xt(x + t) 3yz(y + z) = 315
(x + t)3 + (y + z)3 3xt(x + y + z + t) = 315 (do (4))
(x + y + z + t)3 3(x + t)(y + z)(x + y + z + t) 45xt = 315 (do (1))
153 45(x + t) [15 (x + t)] 45xt = 315
(x + t)2 15(x + t) xt = 68 (6)
Ly (6) tr (5), ta c: xt = 12
"
2
Thay vo (5) ta c: (x + t) 15(x + t) + 56 = 0
x+t=8
x+t=7
x=6
x=4
(
t=2
t=3
x+t=8
x+t=7
Ta c cc h phng trnh sau:
(x = 2 ;
(x = 3
xt = 12
xt = 12
t=6
t=4
(
(
(
x + t = 8
y+z =7
y=4
y=3
Vi
, thay vo h ta c:
xt = 12
yz = 12
z=3
z=4
(
(
(
x + t = 7
y+z =8
y=6
y=2
, thay vo h ta c:
Vi
xt = 12
yz = 12
z=2
z=6
(

(x; y; z; t) = (6; 4; 3; 2), (6; 3; 4; 2), (2; 4; 3; 6), (2; 3; 4; 6), (4; 6; 2; 3), (4; 2; 6; 3), (3; 6; 2; 4), (3; 2; 6; 4)
3
3
2
x + y + x (y + z) = xyz + 14 (1)
y 3 + z 3 + y 2 (x + z) = xyz 21 (2)
z 3 + x3 + z 2 (x + y) = xyz + 7 (3)
Li gii:
http://boxmath.vn/
70

(1) + (2) + (3) x3 + y 3 + z 3 + x2 + y 2 + z 2 (x + y + z) = 3xyz

(x + y + z)3 3 (x + y + z) (xy + yz + zx) + x2 + y 2 + z 2 (x + y + z) = 0

(x + y + z) x2 + y 2 + z 2 (xy + yz + zx) + x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 0
" 2
x + y 2 + z 2 (xy + yz + zx) + x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 0 ()
x + y + z = 0 ()
TH () ta c:
(
x2 + y 2 + z 2 (xy + yz + zx) 0
x2 + y 2 + z 2 0
Du 00 =00 xy ra khi: x = y = z = 0
TH() : x + y + z = 0 z = (x + y)
Thay vo (1) v (3) ta c h phng trnh sau:
( 3
y + xy (x + y) = 14
x3 + xy (x + y) = 7
Xt x = 0
(
(I)
y 3 = 14
V T(5) 0
(I)
(vn)
0=7
Xt x 6= 0 t: y = kx ta c:
(
(I)
(4) : (5)

x3 k 3 + k 2 + k = 14 (4)

x3 k 2 + k + 1 = 7 (5)
k3 + k2 + k
= 2 k 3 k 2 k 2 = 0 k = 2 y = 2x
2
k +k+1
Thay vo (5) ta c: x = 1 y = 2 z = 3
Vy h phng trnh c 1 nghim l: (x; y; z) = (1; 2; 3)
x + x(y z) = 2
y 3 + y(z x)2 = 30
z 3 + z(x y)2 = 16
Li gii:
Ta a h v dng:
x(x2 + y 2 + z 2 2yz) = 2 (1)
y(x2 + y 2 + z 2 2xz) = 30 (2)
z(x2 + y 2 + z 2 2xy) = 16 (3)

Ly (1) + (2) 2(3) ta c: (x + y 2z) (x2 + y 2 + z 2 ) = 0
"
x + y 2z = 0 y = 2z x
x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 0 x = y = z = 0 (l)
http://boxmath.vn/
71
Thay y = 2z x vo phng trnh (1) v (3) ta c:

x(2x2 + z 2 2xz) = 2 (4)
z(4x2 + 5z 2 4xz) = 16(5)
t z = kx ta tm c k = 2
Vy h phng trnh cho c 1 nghim l: (x, y, z) = (1, 3, 2)
1
4
3
+
3
3 (1)
x
+
2y
x
=
y 4 + 2x3 y = 41 3 3 (2)
z + y x = log (y x)
(3)
3
Li gii:
K: y x > 0 Ly (1) + (2) v theo v ta c:
1
1
x4 + 2x3 x + + y 4 + 2y 3 y + = 0
4
4

2
2
1
1
x2 + x
+ y2 + y
=0
2
2
(
)
1 3 1 + 3
;
x, y
2
2
Xt phng trnh: t2 + t 21 = 0 ()
Gi s l 1 nghim ca phng trnh ()
1
3 1 4
3
2 = + ; 3 = 2 + =
; = 2 +
2
2
2
4
Tc l:
3
3y 1
x4 = 2x + ; y 3 =
4
2
1 3
1+ 3
Thay vo (1) ta c: y x = 3 Suy ra: x = 2 ; y = 2 tha (1) ; (2) ; (4)
Vi y x = 3 (tha iu kin), thay vo (3) ta c:
1
z + 3 = log3 3 z = 3
2
Vy h phng
trnh cho c nghim
duy nht:

1 3 1+ 3 12 3
(x; y; z) =
; 2 ; 2

2
114 Gii h phng
trnh:
(2 x) (1 2x) (2 + y) (1 + 2y) = 410z + 1 (1)
x2 + y 2 + z 2 + 2xz + 2yz + x2 y 2 + 1 = 0
(2)
Li gii:
(2) (x + y + z)2 + (xy 1)2 = 0

z = (x + y)
z = x +
x+y+z =0
x
xy 1 = 0
y=
y = 1
x
x
http://boxmath.vn/
72
Thay vo (1) , ta c:
s

2
1
1
1+
= 4 1 10 x +
(2 x) (1 2x) 2 +
x
x
x
s

2x + 1
x+2
1
(2 x) (1 2x)
= 4 1 10 x +
x
x
x
s

1
(4 x2 ) (1 4x2 )
= 4 1 10 x +
x2
x
s

1
1
2
4 x + 2 17 = 4 1 10 x +
(3)
x
x

t: t = x + x1 ; |t| 2 x2 +
1
x2
= t2 2

(3) 4 t2 2 17 = 4 1 10t
4t2 25 = 4 1 10t
2
4t2 25 16 (1 10t) = 0

4t2 20t + 29 (2t + 3) (2t + 7) = 0
7
t = (do |t| 2)
2
1
7
x+ =
x
2
2
2x + 7x + 2 = 0
7 33
x=
4
7 + 33
7 33
7
Vi x =
y=
z=
4
4
2
7 + 33
7
7 33
y=
z=
Vi x =
4
4
2

Vy h phng trnh cho c 2 nghim l: (x; y; z) = 7+4 33 ; 74 33 ; 27 , 74 33 ; 7+4 33 ; 27

2 2
x
y
+
2
3xy y 2 = 1
z (yz 2) + y = 0
z 2 x + z 2 + x = 1
(1)
(2)
(3)
Li gii:
T (2) ta c:
yz 2 2z + y = 0 y (z 2 + 1) = 2z y =
2z
z2 + 1
T (3) ta c:
x (z 2 + 1) = 1 z 2 x =
1 z2
1 + z2
Th vo (1) ta c:
http://boxmath.vn/
73
Vy
2
4 3z (1 z 2 )
4z 2
(1 z 2 )
+
=
+1
(1 + z 2 )2
(1 + z 2 )2
(1 + z 2 )2
2
2

1 + z 2 + 4 3 1 z 2 = 4z 2 + 1 + z 2

4 3z 1 z 2 8z 2 = 0
i
h

z 4 3 1 z 2 8z = 0

z 4 3z 2 8z + 4 3 = 0
z=0
z = 3
3
z=
3
Vi z = 0 suy ra: y = 0; x =1
1
3
; x=
Vi z = 3 suy ra: y =
2
2
3
3
1
Vi z =
suy ra: y =
; x=
3
2
2
!
!
3
1 3 3
1
h cho c nghim (x; y; z) = (1; 0; 0); ;
; 3
;
;

2
2
2 2 3
xyz = 8
x2 y + y 2 z + z 2 x = 73
x(y z)2 + y(z x)2 + z(x y)2 = 98

Li gii:
Phng trnh 3 tng ng:
xy 2 + yz 2 + zx2 + (x2 y + y 2 z + z 2 x) 6xyz = 98
xy 2 + yz 2 + zx2 = 73
xy 2 + yz 2 + zx2 = 73 = x2 y + y 2 z + z 2 x
(x y)(y z)(z x) = 0 x = y; y = z; z = x
Vy h phng trnh cho c nghim (x; y; z) = () (Bn c t gii)
xy + x 3y = 4
yz + z 5y = 9
zx 5x 3z = 6
Li gii:
xy + x 3y = 4(1)
Ta c:
yz + z 5y = 9(2)
zx 5x 3z = 6(3)
Nu y=-1 th vo khng tha mn. Nu y khc
-1 th t (1) v (2) ta d c:
x = 4+3y
z =
http://boxmath.vn/
y+1
9+5y
y+1
74
Th vo (3) th:
(3) (4+3y)(9+5y)
3(9+5y)
= 6
5(4+3y)
(y+1)2
y+1
y+1
15y 2 + 30y + 11 = 6(y + 1)2
2
+5=0
9y + 18y
x = 9
1
y=
2
z = 11
3
x = 3
5
y=
2
z = 1
3
Vy h cho c 2 nghim k trn.
S dng phng php t n ph
1 Gii h phng trnh:
12xy + 12 (x2 + y 2 ) +
9
= 85
(x + y)2
6x (x + y) + 3 = 13 (x + y)
Li gii:
Vit li h phng trnh di
dng

2
1
9 x+y+
+ 3(x y)2 = 103
x+y

(I)
1
3 x+y+
+ 3 (x y) = 13
x+y
a = x + y + 1 (|a| 2)
x+y
. Ta c:
t
b=xy
10
9a2 + 3b2 = 103
2b2 13b + 11 = 0
b=1a= 3
(I)
11
7
3a + 3b = 13
3a = 13 3b
b=
a = (loi)
2
6
1
10

x + y +
=
10
2 1
x+y
3
Vi a = , b = 1 th:
(x; y) =
;
; (2; 1)
3
3 3
xy =1
Vy h cho c hai nghim nh trn
2 Gii h phng trnh:

4x+ 12 1 4y+ 12 1 = 7.2x+y1
(1)
4x + 4y + 2x+y 7.2x 6.2y + 14 = 0 (2)
Li gii:
(
u = 2x
t :
(u > 0; v > 0)
v = 2y
Phng trnh (2) tr thnh u2 + (v 7)u + v 2 6v + 14 = 0, c nghim khi
= (v 7)2 4v 2 + 24v 56 0
http://boxmath.vn/
75
7
3
2
2
Mt khc vit phng trnh (2) di dng v + (u 6)v + u 7u + 14 = 0, c nghim khi
3v 2 + 10v 7 0 1 v
= (u 6)2 4u2 + 28u 56 0

10
3u2 + 16u 20 0 2 u
3

1
7
1
2v
=
Phng trnh (1) tng ng vi 2u
u
v
2
1
1
0
Xt hm s : z = 2t , t 1, c z = 2 + 2 > 0, t 1
t
t
Do hm
s
z
ng
bin
vi
t
7
1

u 2 2u
1
1
7
u
2
2u
2v
Khi :
u
v
2
v 1 2v 1 1
v
(
(
u=2
x=1
Du bng trong phng trnh (1) xy ra khi
v=1
y=0
Vy h cho c 1 nghim l : (x; y) = (1; 0)
3 Gii h phng trnh:
y 2 + x + xy 6y + 1 = 0 (1)
y 3 x 8y 2 + x2 y + x = 0 (2)
Li gii:
Ly (2) tr (1) ta c:
xy(y 2 + x 1) = (3y 1)2
Ta c h phng trnh
xy(y 2 + x 1) = (3y 1)2
(3)
y 2 + x + xy 6y + 1 = 0 (4)
(
t
u = y2 + x
. T (3) v (4) ta c:
v = xy
v (u 1) = (3y 1)2
v (6y v 2) = (3y 1)2
u + v = 6y 1
u = 6y 1 v
v 2 2(3y 1)v + (3y 1)2 = 0

(v 3y + 1)2 = 0
u = 6y 1 v
u = 6y 1 v
v = 3y 1
xy = 3y 1
u = 3y
y 2 + x = 3y
(3y y 2 ) y = 3y 1
y 3 3y 2 + 3y 1 = 0
x = 3y y 2
x = 3y y 2
(y 1)3 = 0
y = 1
x = 3y y 2
x = 2
http://boxmath.vn/
76
Vy h phng trnh c 1 nghim l: (x; y) = (2; 1)

4 Gii h phng trnh:
x3 + 3xy 2 = 49
x2 8xy + y 2 = 8y 17x
(
Cch 1: t:
Li gii:
u
+
v
x =
u=x+y
2 Ta a h phng trnh v dng:
v =xy
y =
2
( 3
u + v 3 = 98
3u2 + 5v 2 = 9u 25v
Ta nhn phng trnh th hai vi 3 ri cng vi phng trnh th nht ta c:

(u 3)3 + (v + 5)3 = 0
u 3 = v 5
u = v 2
Thay vo phng trnh th nht ta c:
(v 2)3 + v 3 = 98
v 2 + 2v 15 = 0
"
v = 3 u = 5
v = 5 u = 3
Ta suy ra:
(
x = 1
y = 4
x = 1
y=4
Vy h phng trnh c 2 nghim l: (x; y) = (1; 4) , (1; 4)

Cch 2: Nhn phng trnh th hai ca h vi 3 ri cng cho phng trnh u ta c:

(x + 1) (x 1)2 + 3(y 4)2 = 0
T ta gii h tm nghim
5 Gii h phng trnh:
x 2 + y 2 = 1
5
57
4x2 + 3x
= y(3x + 1)
25
Li gii:
H phng trnh c vit li thnh
5(x2 + y 2 ) = 1
2x2 2y 2 + 3x + 3xy + y = 47
25
http://boxmath.vn/
77
Ta thy:
2x2 2y 2 + 3x + 3xy + y =
47
25
(2x y) (x + 2y) + (2x y) + (x + 2y) =

(
t
a = 2x y
47
25
. Ta c:
b = x + 2y
a2 + b 2 = 1
ab + a + b = 47
25
2
(a + b) 2ab = 1
2ab + 2a + 2b = 94
25
2
2ab = (a + b) 1
(a + b + 1)2 = 144
25
a+b= 5
12
ab =
25
17
a + b =
132
ab =
25
Ta thy h phng trnh th hai v nghim, h phng trnh th nht c 2 nghim l:
3
4
2
11
a =
a =
x =
x =
5
5
5
25
4
3
1
b =
b =
y =
y = 2
5
5
5
25

2 1
11 2
Vy h phng trnh cho c 2 nghim: (x; y) =
;
;
,

5 5
25 25
6 Gii h phng trnh:
x2 + y + x3 y + xy 2 + xy = 5
4
5
x4 + y 2 + xy (1 + 2x) =
4
(I)
Li gii:

5
x2 + y + xy x2 + y + xy =
4
(I)

5
x2 + y 2 + xy =
4
(
t:
u = x2 + y
. Ta c:
v = xy
u + uv + v =
(1)
4
u2 + v = 5 (2)
4
http://boxmath.vn/
78
Ly (2) (1) v theo v ta c:

"
u2 u uv = 0 u (u 1 v) = 0
u=0
u=1+v
5
4
- Vi u = 1 + v, th vo (2) ta c:
- Vi u = 0 v =
3
1
4u2 + 4u + 1 = 0 u = v =
2
2
Ta xt 2 trng hp sau:
u = 0
v = 5
4
u =
2
3
v =
2
Vy h phng trnh cho
3 5
2
2
x + y = 0
y = x
x =
4
r
5
5
3
xy =
x =
y = 3 25
4
4
16
1
3
1
x2 + y =
x2
x = 1
=
2
2x
2
y = 3
xy = 3
xy = 3
2
2
2
r !
r

5
3
3 25
3
c 2 nghim l: (x; y) =
;
, 1;
4
16
2
7 Gii h phng trnh:
x4 2x = y 4 y
2 3
(x2 y ) = 3
(1)
(2)
Li gii:
a=x+y
t: b = x y . Phng trnh (2) tr thnh: (ab)3 = c3 ab = c
c3 = 2
Ta c:
"
2
2 #
a
+
b
a
b
ab 2
x4 y 4 = (x y) (x + y) (x2 + y 2 ) = ab
+
=
(a + b2 )
2
2
2
3
2x y = a + b a b = a + 3b = a + c b
2
2
2
a + c3 b
ab 2
(a + b2 ) =
c (a2 + b2 ) = a + c3 b
2
2
H phng tng ng vi
(

c a2 + b2 = a + c3 b (3)
Phng trnh (1) tr thnh
ab = c
http://boxmath.vn/
(4)
79
c
T (4) ta suy ra b = , thay vo (3) ta c:
a

c2
c4
2
c a + 2 =a+
a
a
ca4 + c3 = a3 + ac4

(ca 1) a3 c3 = 0
1
a= a=c
c
3
3
c+1
3+1
31
Nu a = c b = 1 ta c: x =
=
,y =
2
2
2

1 1
1 + c3
2
1 c3
1
1
1 1
2
2
2
+c =
=
c
=
=
Nu a = , b = c th x =
;
y
=
3
3
c
2 c
2c
3 2 c
3
! 2c

3
3
3+1
31
2
1

;
,
;
3
3
2
2
3
3
8 Gii h phng trnh:
(2x y + 2)(2x + y) + 6x 3y = 6
2x + 1 + y 1 = 4
Li gii:
1
iu kin: x ; y 1
2
t a = 2x + 1; b = y 1. Ta c h:
( 2
(a b2 )(a2 + b2 ) + 3(a2 b2 2) = 6
a+b=4
(
4(a b)(a2 + b2 + 3) = 0
a+b=4
a=b
3
a = b = 2 x = ;y = 5
2
a+b=4
3
Vy nghim ca h phng trnh l x = ; y = 5
2
9 Gii h phng trnh:
8(x2 + y 2 ) + 4xy +
2x +
5
= 13
(x + y)2
1
=1
x+y
Li gii:
iu kin: x + y 6= 0
Vit h phng trnh di dng

1
2
2
5 (x + y) +
2 + 3(x y) = 13
(x + y)

+xy =1
(x + y) +
x+y
http://boxmath.vn/
80
t:
1
, |a| 2
x+y
. H phng trnh tr thnh
a = x + y +
b=xy
(
5a2 + 3b2 = 23
a+b=1
Vi
a = 2
a =
a=2
4 (v nghim)
b = 1 b =
4
, ta c:
b = 1
(
1
=2
(x + y)2 2 (x + y) + 1 = 0
x+y
x y = 1
x y = 1
(
(
(
(x + y 1)2 = 0
x+y =1
x=0
x y = 1
x y = 1
y=1
x + y +

10 Gii h phng trnh:
x y
x + y + + = 4
y x
2
y2
x
x + y +
+
=4
y
x
Li gii:
iu kin x 6= 0, y 6= 0.
H tng ng
x + y + x2 +y2 = 4
xy
(x + y) x2 +y2 = 4
xy
u = x + y
t
v = x2 +y2
Khi h tr thnh
xy
u + v = 4
uv = 4
u=v=2
x + y = 2
x2 +y2 = 2
x=y=1
Vi u = v = 2, ta c
xy

11 Gii h phng trnh:
xlog2 y = 4y
y log2 x = 8x
http://boxmath.vn/
81
Li gii:
iu kin: x, y 6= 0
Logarit c s 2 hai v phng trnh ca h, ta c
(
log2 xlog2 y = 2 + log2 y
log2 xlog2 y = 3 + log2 x
t a = log2 x, b = log2 y. Ta c h
(
(
ab = 2 + b
b a = 1 (10 )
ab = 3 + a
ab = 2 + b (20 )
Thay (1) vo (2) ta c b (b 1) = 2 + b b = 1 3.
- Vi b = 1 + 3 suy ra a = 3. T , ta c x = log2 3, y = log2 1 + 3

- Vi b = 1 3 suy ra a = 3. T , ta c x = log2 3 , y = log2 1 3

Vy h phng trnh c hai nghim (x; y) l: log2 3; log2 1 + 3 ; log2 3 ; log2 1 3
12 Gii h phng trnh:
x 1 + y 1 = 4
x + 6 + y + 4 = 6
Li gii:
iu kin: x 1, y 1
Cng v tr v theo v hai phng trnh, ta c h:
(
x + 1 + x + 6 + y 1 + y + 4 = 10
x+6 x+1+ y+4 y1=2
p
p
x + 1 + x + 6 + y 1 + y + 4 = 10
5
5
+
=2
y1+ y+4
x+1+ x+6
t a = x + 1 + x + 6, b = y + 4 + y 1. Ta c h :
(
a + b = 10
a + b = 10
5 5
+ =2
ab = 25
a b
Suy ra a, b l nghim ca phng trnh: X 2 10X + 25 = 0
Do a = b = 5, dn n x = 3, y = 5
Vy h phng trnh c nghim (x; y) l (3; 5)
13 Gii h phng trnh:
2y 2 x2 = 1
(1)
2x3 y 3 = 2y x (2)
Li gii:
Nu x = 0 th h tr thnh
(
2y 2 = 1
y 3 + 2y = 0
http://boxmath.vn/
(v nghim)
82
Vy x 6= 0
Chia phng trnh (1) cho x2 , phng trnh (2) cho x3 , ta c

2
2 y 1 = 1
x 3
x2y 1
y
1
2
=2
. 2 2
x
x x
x
y
a =
x . H tr thnh:
t n ph:
b = 1
x2
(
2a2 1 = b
(3)
3
2 a = 2ab b (4)
Th (3) vo (4), ta c:
5a3 2a2 2a 1 = 0 (a 1)(5a2 + 3a + 1) = 0 a = 1
"
x=y=1
y
Vi a = = 1; th vo (1) suy ra
x
x = y = 1
Vy h c hai nghim (1; 1) hoc (1; 1)
14 Tm m h c nghim
2(x 1) y 1 = m 2
2(y 1) x 1 = m 2
Li gii:
t
(p
y 1 = u, u 0
x 1 = v, v 0
H phng trnh tr thnh
(
2v 2 u = m 2
2u2 v = m 2
2(v 2 u2 ) + (v u) = 0
(v u)(2v + 2u + 1) = 0
v = u (2v + 2u + 1 > 0)
x=y
Thay vo h ban u ta c
2x
x1=m
4x2 4mx + m2 = x 1
4x2 (4m + 1)x + m2 + 1 = 0
h c nghim khi
4x2 (4m + 1)x + m2 + 1 = 0 x 0 m
http://boxmath.vn/
15
8
83
15 Gii h phng trnh:
1
1
x + + y + = 5
x
y
1
1
x2 +
+ y2 + 2 = 9
2
x
y
Li gii:
Phng trnh trong h ta vit h

di dng:
1
1
+ y+
= 5 (1)
x+
x
y

2
2
1
1
x+
+ y+
= 13 (2)
x
y
Lm gn li h, tat:
x + = a
a + b = 5
a = 5 b
x
a2 + b2 = 13
2b2 10b + 12 = 0 (3)
y + = b
y
Gii phng trnh (3), ta c nghim:
2b2 10b + 12 = 0
b=3
- Vi: b = 3 dn n a
= 2, ta c c h:
x + = 2
x2 2x + 1 = 0
x = 1
1
3
5
2
y 3y + 1 = 0
y + = 3
y =
y
2
!
!
3+ 5
3 5
Vy h cho c 2 b nghim (x; y) = 1;
, 1;

2
2
16 Gii h phng trnh:
2x + y + 1 x + y = 1
3x + 2y = 4
Li gii:
Ta t: a = x + y v b = x +1, h phng trnh cho
tr thnh:
a+b a=1
b2 2b + 1 = 4a
2a + b = 5
a = 5 b
2
Dn n ta c phng trnh sau b2 = 9
Vi b = 3 suy ra c a = 1, ta c h:
x + 1 = 3
x = 2
x + y = 1
y = 1
Vi b = 3 suy ra c a = 4, ta ch:
x + 1 = 3
x + y = 4
x = 4
y = 8
Vy h phng trnh cho c 2 b nghim (x; y) = (2; 1), (4; 8)
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84
18 Gii h phng trnh:
p
x2 + y 2 + 2xy = 82
x + y = 4
Li gii:
iu kin: x, y 0. Ta t nh sau x
+ y = a v 2 xy = b, ta c h sau:
2a2 b2 + b = 16
a + b = 16
Dn n ta c phng trnh sau : 2a2 b2 = a, nn:

(a b)(a + b) = 0 (b 0)
Vi a = b th ta c kt qu sau:
x + y = 2 xy ( x y)2 = 0 x = y x = y = 4
Vi a = b th ta c kt qu:
x + y = 2 xy ( x + y)2 = 0 x = y (loi trng hp ny)

Vy h phng trnh cho c b nghim (x; y) = (4; 4)
19 Tm m h phng trnh sauc nghim
x + y + x 2 + y 2 = 8
xy(x + 1)(y + 1) = m
Li gii:

1
2
2
Ta t: a = x + x v b = y + y vi iu kin a; b
4
a + b = 8
H phng trnh cho tng ng vi h:
ab = m
Suy ra a, b l nghim ca phng trnh: X 2 8X + m = 0(1)
iu kin (1) c nghim l 0 = 16 m 0 m 16 (I)
1
H c nghim khi v ch khi (1) c nghim X .
4
1
Mt khc, vi iu kin (I), phng trnh (1) c nghim x = 4 16 m, x = 4 + 16 m > .
4
Vy m 16 l gi tr cn tm.
20 Gii h phng trnh:
x + y 3 = 3
x 3 + y = 3
Li gii:
Vit li h phng trnh di dng nh sau:
x + x 3 + y + y 3 = 6
x+ x3+ y+ y3=6
3
3
x x 3 y + y 3 = 0
=0
y+ y3
x+ x3
Ta t a = x + x 3 v b = y + y 3, dn n h:
http://boxmath.vn/
85

a + b = 6
1 1 = 0
a b
Vy nn ta c: a = b = 3
Vy ta c h:
x + x 3 = 3
y + y 3 = 3
x = 4
y = 4
Vy h phng trnh cho c nghim: (4; 4)

21 Gii h phng trnh:
1 1
+ =9
x y

1
1
1
1
+
1+
1+
= 18

3
3
3 y
3 y
x
x
Li gii:
x 6= 0
iu kin:
y 6= 0
1
1
+
=u
3
3 y
x
t
1
=v
3 xy
H phng trnh tr thnh:
u3 3uv = 9
u(u + v + 1) = 18
u3 3uv = 9 (1)
uv = 18 u2 u (2)
Th (2) vo (1), ta c:
u3 + 3u2 + 3u 63 = 0
(u 3)(u2 + 6u + 21) = 0
u = 3
1
1
,
l hai nghim ca phng trnh:
Vi u = 3, ta c v = 2. Khi ,
3
3
x y
t2 3t + 2 = 0
"
t=1
t=2
Suy ra:
1
=
1
3
x=1
hoc
1
1
y=
=2
8
3 y

1
1
Vy h cho c 2 nghim (x; y) = 1;
,
;1
8
8
http://boxmath.vn/
=2
x= 1
3
x
8
1
y=1
=
1
3 y
86
22 Gii h phng trnh: r

r
2
2
x
+
xy
+
y
x2 + y 2
+
=x+y
3
2
x2xy + 5x + 3 = 4xy 5x 3
Li gii:
r
2
(x + y) xy
u =
3
r
t
, iu kin: u 0, v 0.
2
(x
+
y)
2xy
v =
2
Khi phng trnh th nht ca h tr thnh:
(u + v)2 = 6u2 2v 2
5u2 2uv 3v 2 = 0
(u v)(5u + 3v) = 0
u = v
Vi u = v, ta c
(x + y)2 2xy
(x + y)2 xy
=
(x y)2 = 0 y = x
3
2
Th y = x vo phng trnh th hai ca h cho, ta c:
x 2x2 + 5x + 3 = 4x2 5x 3
t u = 2x2 + 5x + 3, iu kin u 0.
Khi ta c h phng trnh sau:
u2 = 2x2 + 5x + 3
xu = 4x2 5x 3

Suy ra: u +
x 2
2

=
5x
2
"
2
u = 2x
u = 3x
Vi u = 2x, ta c y = x = 3.
Vi u = 3x, ta c y = x =
14
Vy h cho c 2 nghim (x; y) =
109
109 5 109
, (3; 3)
;
14
14
23 Gii h phng trnh:
x2 + xy + y 2 = 3y 1
x 3 + x 2 y = x 2 x + 1
Li gii:
Nu y = 0 th h phng trnh v nghim.
Xt y 6= 0, vit li h phng trnh di dng:
x2 + 1 + y(x + y 1) = 2y
(x2 + 1)y(x + y 1) = y 2
http://boxmath.vn/
87

x2 + 1 = a
t
(x + y 1)y = b
a + b = 2y
ab = y 2
. H cho tr thnh:
a = y
b = y
x 2 + 1 = y
(x + y 1)y = y
x2 + 1 = y (1)
y = 0 (loi)
y = 2 x (2)
5
5
y=
.
Thay y = 2 x vo phng trnh (1) ta c: x2 + x 1 = 0 x =
2
!
! 2
1 + 5 5 5
1 5 5 + 5
Vy h phng trnh c 2 nghim: (x; y) =
;
,
;

2
2
2
2
24 Gii h phng trnh:

(x 2010) 2011 + 2012
3
y 2013 = 1

3

x 2010 (y 4024) = 2012
Li gii:
3
u =
x 2010
t
v = 3 y 2013
H phng trnh trn tng ng
u3 (2011 + 2012v) = 1
u(v 3 2011) = 2012
1 2012v = 2011 (1)

3
u
2012
3
v
= 2011
(2)
u
Tr v theo v ca tng phng trnh trong h, ta c:

1
1
v
1
2
v
+ + v + 2012 = 0 v =
2
u
u
u
u
Thay v =
1
vo phng trnh (1) ta c:
u
v = 1
u = 1
v 3 2012v 2011 = 0 (v + 1)(v 2 v 2011) = 0

1 8045
u=
v=
1 8045
2
Vy h phng trnh c 3 nghim:
(x; y) = (2009; 2012), 2010 +

1
3
8045
; 2013 +
8045
!3
25 Gii h phng trnh:
x + y = 8
(1)
p
x2 + 9 + y 2 + 9 = 10 (2)
Li gii:
http://boxmath.vn/
88
Cch 1
H phng trnh cho tng
ng vi h:
x2 + 9 x + py 2 + 9 y = 2
p
x2 + 9 + x + y 2 + 9 + y = 18
t:
9
9
x2 + 9 + x =
x2 + 9 x u =
u
x2 + 9 + x
p
p
9
9
v = y2 + 9 y v = p
y2 + 9 + y =
v
y2 + 9 + y
u=
Khi ta c h
sau:
u + v = 2
u = 2 v
u + v = 2
u=v=1
uv = 1
v 2 2v + 1 = 0
9 + 9 = 18
u v
Vi u = v = 1 suy ra: x = y = 4
Cch 2
Trc ht ta c bt ng thc sau y:
q
p
p
2
2
2
2
x1 + y1 + x2 + y2 (x1 + x2 )2 + (y1 + y2 )2
x1
y1
Du "=" xy ra
=
x2
y2
Chng minh:
Xt vect:
u = (x1 ; y1 ) , v = (x2 ; y2 )
Khi :
u + v = (x1 + x2 ; y1 + y2 )
Ta c:
q

p
p

2
2
u + v u + v x21 + y12 + x22 + y22 (x1 + x2 ) + (y1 + y2 )
x1
y1

Du "=" xy ra u; v cng hng u = k v (k > 0)

=
> 0 pcm
x2
y2
p dng bt ng thc trn ta c:
q
p
2
2
2
2
x + 3 + y + 3 (x + y)2 + (3 + 3)2 = 82 + 62 = 10
x
=1
Du "=" xy ra y
x=y=4
x + y = 8
Cch 3
Bnh phng hai v (1) ta c:
(1) x2 + y 2 + 2xy = 64 x2 + y 2 = 64 2xy
Tip tc bnh phng hai v ca phng trnh
p (2) ta c:
2
2
(2) x + y + 2 (x2 + 9) (y 2 + 9) + 18 = 100
p
x2 + y 2 + 2 x2 y 2 + 9 (x2 + y 2 ) + 81 = 82
T hai iu trn ta c:
p
2 x2 y 2 + 9 (64 2xy) + 81 = 18 + 2yx (?)
t: t = xy ta c:
http://boxmath.vn/
89
t2 18t + 657 = 9 + t
t 9
t2 18t + 657 = 81 + 18t + t2
t = 16
xy = 16
Do ta c:
x + y = 8
xy = 16
x = 8 y
y 2 8y + 16 = 0
x=y=4

26 Gii h
phng trnh: s
2
2
2
2
1
1 + y + z + y + z =
2
2
2
2
2
x +y
x +y
x + y2
(x2 + y 2 ) px2 + y 2 + (y 2 + z 2 ) py 2 + z 2 = py 2 + x2 + 3py 2 + z 2

Li gii:
Cch
1 p
u = x 2 + y 2
t:
p
v = y 2 + z 2
(u, v 0)
Do h cho a
v dng:
2
1 + v + v = 1
u2 u
u2
3
u + v 3 = u + 3v
u2 + uv + v 2 = 1
(u + v) (u2 uv + v 2 1) = 2v
u2 + uv + v 2 = 1
2uv (u + v) = 2v
u2 + uv + v 2 = 1
(I)
v (u2 + uv + 1) = 0
Ta thy rng:
2

1
3
u + uv + 1 = u + v + v 2 + 1 > 0 u, v 0
2
4
u2 + uv + v 2 = 1
u = 1
u = 1
(I)
(v u, v 0)
v = 0
v = 0
v = 0
2
Do :
T suy ra:
x 2 + y 2 = 1
y 2 + z 2 = 0
x = 1
y = z = 0
Vy h phng trnh cho c nghim (x; y; z) = (1; 0; 0); (1; 0; 0)

Cch 2
D thy x = y = z = 0 khng l nghim ca h phng trnh
p
Chia hai v phng trnh cho (x2 + y 2 ) x2 + y 2 v t:
http://boxmath.vn/
90

y2 + z2
u = 2
x + y2
1
v =
2
x + y2
Ta c c h:
1 + u2 + u = v
1 + u3 = v + 3uv
Tr v theo v hai phng trnh trong h mi ta c:

u2 + u u3 = 3uv u (u2 u 1 3v) = 0 (?)
Th tip v = 1 + u2 + u vo (?) v bin i ta c tip:

u u2 + 2u + 2 = 0 u (u + 1)2 + 1 = 0
u=0v=1
T ta suy ra:
2
y + z2
y = z = 0
2
2
=
0
y +z =0
x + y2
x 2 + y 2 = 1
x = 1
1
=1
2
2
x +y
Vy h phng trnh cho c nghim (x; y; z) = (1; 0; 0); (1; 0; 0)
27 Gii h phng trnh:
(x + y)2 y = 9 (1)
x 3 y 3 = 7
(2)
Li gii:
Cch 1
Ta nhn thy y = 0 khng phi l nghim ca h
Chia hai v (1) v (2) cho y 3 ta c:

2
x
9
+1 = 3
y
y3
x
7
1= 3
y
y
t:
u = y
v = 1
y3
Khi ta c:
(u + 1)2 = 9v
u3 1 = 7v
T suy ra:

7 (u + 1)2 = 9 u3 1 9u3 7u2 14u 16 = 0

(u 2) 9u2 + 11u + 8 = 0
"
u=2v=1
9u2 + 11u + 8 = 0 (v nghim)

Vi:
http://boxmath.vn/
91

u = 2
v = 1
y =2
x = 2
y = 1
1 =1
y3
Vy h cho c nghim (x; y) = (2; 1)

Cch 2
Ta s gii bng phng php hm s nh sau
T phng trnh (1) ca h ta suy ra y > 0 kt hp iu ny vi phng trnh (2) ca h ta suy ra
x>0
Rt x theo phng trnh (1) ta c:
3
x= y
y
t y = t ; t > 0 th vo phng trnh th hai ca h v thc hin rt gn li ta c phng

trnh:
3
(3 t3 ) t9 7t3 = 0
Xt hm s:
3
f (t) = (3 t3 ) t9 7t3 vi t > 0
Ta c:
2
f 0 (t) = 9t2 (3 t3 ) 9t8 21t2 < 0 ; t > 0
Nh vy hm s f (t) l hm s nghch bin trn (0; +)
C f (1) = 0 nn t = 1 l nghim duy nht
T t = 1 suy ra y = 1 ; x = 2. Th li ta thy tha mn h cho
28 Gii h phng trnh:
x3 (2 + 3y) = 1
x (y 3 2) = 3
Li gii:
Cch 1
H phng trnh cho tng ng vi:
x3 (2 + 3y) = 1
x3 (y 3 2)3 = 27
Ta thy x = 0 khng tha mn h nn suy ra:
3
(y 2) = 27 (3y + 2)
t: t =
y3 2
3
3
= 3y + 2
y3 2
ta c h phng trnh i xng loi 2:
3
t3 = 3y + 2
y 3 = 3t + 2
T suy ra:

t3 y 3 = 3 (t y) (t y) t2 + yt + y 2 = 3 (t y)

(t y) t2 + yt + y 2 + 3 = 0
"
t=y
t2 + yt + y 2 + 3 = 0
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92
Vi t = y suy ra:
y = 1 x = 1
1
y=2x=
2
2
2
Vi t + yt + y + 3 = 0 (?) ta d dng c c phn tch nh sau:
2

3
1
2
2
t + yt + y + 3 = t + y + y 2 + 3 > 0 t, y R (?) v nghim
2
4

1
Vy h phng trnh cho c nghim (x; y) = (1; 1);
;2
2
y 3 2 = 3y y 3 3y 2 = 0
Cch 2
D thy x = 0 khng tha mn h nn ta
a h v dng:
2 + 3y = 1
x3
3
y 3 2 =
x
Cng theo v hai phng trnh trong h mi ta c:
1
3
y 3 + 3y = 3 + (?)
x
x
By gi ta xt hm s:
f (t) = t3 + 3t (t R)
Ta c:
f 0 (t) = 3t2 + 3 > 0 t R Hm s ng bin trn R
V vy:

1
1
(?) f (y) = f
y = xy = 1
x
x
Thay li vo phng trnh u tin ca h ban u ta c:
x = 1 (tha x 6= 0) y = 1
2x3 + 3x2 + 1 = 1 (x + 1)2 (2x 1) = 0
1
x = (tha x 6= 0) y = 2
2
1
Vy h phng trnh cho c nghim (x; y) = (1; 1);
;2
2
29 Tm m h phng trnh sau
c nghim :
2xy y + x + y = 5 (1)
5 x + 1 y = m (2)
Li gii:
T (1) suy ra:
2
[5 (x + y)]2 = 2 xy y (x + y)2 10 (x + y) + 25 = 4xy 4y

x2 + y 2 2xy 10x 6y + 25 = 0
x2 2 (y + 5) x + y 2 6y + 25 = 0(?)
Ta xem (?) l phng trnh bc hai n x. H cho c nghim
0 = (y + 5)2 y 2 + 6y 25 = 16y 0 y 0
iu kin ca bi ton s l:
1 x 5
0y1
x + y 5
http://boxmath.vn/
93
Khi :
2
x1+ y =4 x1+ y =2
(1)
t: a = x 1 ; b = y vi 0 a 2 ; 0 b 1 ta c h:
a + b = 2
4 a2 + 1 b 2 = m
f (a) = 4 a2 + a2 + 4a 3 = m (??) vi 1 a 2
Lp bng bin thin hm s f (a) trn on [1; 2] ta thy rng (??) c nghim 1 m 3
Vy iu kin ca m h c nghim l: 1 m 3
30 Tm m h phng
trnh sau c nghim :
x + 1 + y + 1 = 3
xy + 1 + y x + 1 + x + 1 + y + 1 = m
Li gii:
x 1
iu kin:
y 1
Ta vit
li h phng trnh di dng:
x + 1 + y + 1 = 3
y + 1 (x + 1) + x + 1 (y + 1) = m
t:
x + 1 + y + 1 = 3

x + 1y + 1 x + 1 + y + 1 = m
u = x + 1
v = y + 1
vi 0 u, v 3
u + v = 3
uv (u + v) = m
u + v = 3
uv = m
3
Ta c c h mi:
Suy ra u; v l nghim phng trnh:

m
t2 3t +
= 0 m = 3t2 + 9t (?)
3
Do yu cu bi ton tng ng vi tm m phng trnh (?) c nghim trn [0; 3]
Xt hm s:
f (t) = 3t2 + 9t ; t [0; 3]
- Ta c:
3
f 0 (t) = 6t + 9 = 0 t =
2
27
- Lp bng bin thin ta suy ra (?) c nghim trn [0; 3] 0 m
4
27
Vy gi tr m cn tm l: 0 m
4
31 Gii h phng trnh:
x4 + 4x2 + y 2 4y = 2
x2 y + 2x2 + 6y = 23
Li gii:
Bin i h phng trnh a v dng:
http://boxmath.vn/
94

(x2 + 2)2 + (y 2)2 = 10
(x2 + 2) (y 2) + 4 (x2 + 2) + 4 (y 2) = 19
t:
u = x 2 + 2
(u 2)
v = y 2
Ta c c:
u2 + v 2 = 10
uv + 4 (u + v) = 19
(u + v)2 2uv = 10
uv + 4 (u + v) = 19
(1)
(2)

(u + v)2 2 [19 4 (u + v)] = 10
(u + v)2 + 8 (u + v) 48 = 0
"
u+v =4
uv = 3
u + v = 12 uv = 67
2
Xt ti iu kin: (u +
v) 4uv ta c:
u + v = 4
v = 4 u
uv = 3
u2 4u + 3 = 0
v = 4 u
u = 1 (loi) hoc u = 3 (tha)
u = 3
v = 1
Vi u = 3; v = 1 ta c:
x 2 + 2 = 3
y 2 = 1
x = 1
y = 3
Vy h c nghim (x; y) = (1; 3) ; (1; 3)

32 Gii h phng trnh:
x4 4x2 + y 2 6y + 9 = 0
x2 y + x2 + 2y 22 = 0
Li gii:
t u = x 2; v = y 3 h phng trnh
(I) tng ng:
u2 + v 2 = 4
2
uv + 4(u + v) = 8
H phng trnh i xng trn c

u + v = 2
(II)

uv = 0

u + v = 10
(v nghim)
uv = 48
http://boxmath.vn/
95
H (II)
x 2 2 + y 3 = 2
(x2 2)(y 3) = 0

x = 2

y=3

x= 2
y = 5
Vy h phng trnh cho c nghim (x; y) = (2; 3), ( 2; 5)

33 Gii h phng trnh:
x + y +
4
xy =8
p
4 x3 + x2 y xy 2 y 3 = 12
Li gii:
x + y 0
iu kin:
x y 0
Vit li h phng trnh:
t u =
x + y, v =
x + y +
4
xy =8
(I)
p
4 (x + y)2 (x y) = 12
x y, (u, v 0). Hphng trnh (I) tng ng:

u+v =8
u=2
v=6
(
u=6
v=2
u.v = 12
(
x = 650
x+y =4
y = 646
x y = 64
x = 26
x + y = 36
y = 10
x y = 16
Vy h phng trnh cho c 2 nghim (x; y) = (650; 646), (26; 10).

34 Gii h phng trnh:
(x y)2 + y = 3
x2 + 2xy 5y 2 5x + 13y = 6
Li gii:
Vit li h phng trnh:
x2 2xy + y 2 + y = 3
x2 + 2xy 5y 2 5x + 13y = 6
(I)
t x = a + 1; y = b + 2 h phng
trnh (I) tng ng:
a2 2ab + b2 2a + 3b = 0
(1)
a2 + 2ab 5b2 + a 5b = 0
(2)
Nhn 3 cho (1) ri cng (2) ta c:
http://boxmath.vn/
96
2a2 + 8ab 8b2 + 7(a 2b) = 0

2(a2 4ab + 4b2 ) + 7(a 2b) = 0
(a 2b)(2a + 4b + 7) = 0
(
x=1
( y=2
x=3
y=3
x = 1 + 2(2 15)
1

y = (2 15))
2

x = 1 + 2(2 + 15)
y = 1 (2 + 15))
2
Vy h phng trnh cho c cc nghim:
!
!
1 + 2(2 15) 1
1 + 2(2 + 15) 1
(x; y) = (1; 2), (3; 3);
; (2 15) ,
; (2 + 15)

2
2
2
2
"
a = 2b
2a + 4b + 7 = 0
35 Gii h phng trnh:
x2 2xy + x + y = 0
x4 4x2 y + 3x2 + y 2 = 0
Li gii:
Nhn thy (x, y) = (0, 0) l 1 nghim ca h:
Xt (x, y) 6= (0, 0)
t: y = tx. H phng
trnh tng ng :
x2 2tx2 + x + tx = 0
x + t 2tx + 1 = 0
x4 4tx3 + 3x2 + t2 x2 = 0
x2 + t2 4tx + 3 = 0
t x + t = S, xt = P
S 2P + 1 = 0
S 2 6P + 3 = 0

(
x+t=0
S=0
x=2
(v nghim)
(v nghim)
x.t = 1
P =1
y
=
2
(
2 (
2
x=1
S=3
x+t=3
y=2
x.t = 2
P =2
Vy h phng trnh cho c nghim (x; y) = (0; 0), (1; 2), (2; 2)
36 Gii h phng trnh:
x3 y(1 + y) + x2 y 2 (2 + y) + xy 3 30 = 0
x2 y + x(1 + y + y 2 ) + y 11 = 0
Li gii:
t a = x + y; b = xy
http://boxmath.vn/
(a 4b)
97

ab(a + b) = 30
ab + a + b = 11
t ab = t; a + b = k
tk = 30
t + k = 11
(k 2 4t)
k=5
t=6
k=6
t = 5
a=3
b=2
x=5
y=1
x = (1; 2)
y = (2; 1)
5
+
5
21
21
x=
;
2
2
5
+
5
21
21
y=
2
2
Vy h phng trnh cho c nghim
!
5 + 21 5 21
(x; y) = (1; 2); (2; 1);
;
;
2
2
21 5 +
;
21
!
37 Gii h phng trnh:

x + 2y + 24x + y = 1
(1)
p
2(x + 3) = 46 2y(3 + 8x + 8y) (2)
Li gii:
Phng trnh (2) tng p
ng vi:
46 16y(x + y) 6y = 6 + 2x
x 3
4x2 + 16y(x + y) + 16y 2 + 24x + 6y 10 = 0 (3)
x 3
4(x + 2y) + 6(4x + y) = 10
t: x + 2y = u; 4x + y = v 0 cho ta h:
4u2 + 6v 2 = 10
v = 1
x = 3
7
5
u + 2v = 1
u = 1
y =
7

3 5
;
7 7
38 Gii h phng trnh:
1 + x3 y 3 = 19x3
y + xy 2 = 6x2
(1)
(2)
Li gii:
Nhn xt (x, y) = 0 khng l nghim ca h.
Xt x, y 6= 0
Chia hai v ca phng trnh (1) cho y 3 v phng trnh (2) cho y 2 , ta c
http://boxmath.vn/
98

1
x3
x3 + 3 = 19 3
y
y
2
6x
1
x + =
y
y2
1
t u = ; y 6= 0. Ta c h phng trnh:
y
x3 + u3 = 19x3 u3
x + u = 6x2 u2
(3)
(4)
Th (3) v (4) ta c phng trnh
2
y
=
19
19
3x
x3 + u3 = xu(x + u) x2 + u2 + xu = 0
3
6
6
y=
2x
1
2
th v phng trnh (2) c x = ; y = 2
3x
3
3
1
- Vi y =
th v phng trnh (2) c x = ; y = 3
2x

2
1
1
; 2 ; ; 3
3
2
- Vi y =
39 Gii h phng trnh:
7x + y + 2x + y = 5
2x + y + x y = 2
Li gii:
u = 7x + y > 0
t:
v = 2x + y > 0
. Suy ra x y =
3v 2 8u2
5
u+v =5
2
3v
8u2
v +
= 2 ()
5
Vi u = 5 v th vo (*) ta c:
"
v=3u=2
() v 2 17v + 42 = 0
v = 14 u = 9 (loi)
Vi v = 3, u = 1 ta d dng tm c x = 1, y = 11.
Th tr li vo h ban u ta c:
40 Gii h phng trnh:
9y 3 (3x3 1) = 125 (1)

45x2 y + 75x = 6y 2
(2)
Li gii:
D thy y = 0 khng l nghim ca h phng trnh.
Xt y 6= 0: chia c hai v ca (1) cho y 3 , chia hai v ca (2) cho y 2 ri t a = 3x, b =
5
y
Khi h phng trnh cho tng ng vi:
http://boxmath.vn/
99
a3 + b 3 = 9
a + b = 3
ab(a + b) = 6
ab = 2
x = 1
a = 1
b=2
y = 2

2

a=2
x=
3
b = 1
y = 5

2
1 5
;
,
;5

Vy h cho c nghim: (x; y) =
3 2
3
41 Gii h phng trnh:
x3 .(2 + 3y) = 8
x(y 3 2) = 6
Li gii:
Nhn thy x = 0 khng l nghim ca h phng trnh.
1
1
t x = z = . H phng trnh tr thnh:
z
x
2 + 3y = 8z 3
2 + 3y = 8z 3
y 3 2 = 6z
6z + 2 = y 3
()
Tr theo v hai phng trnh trn v d dng a v:

(2z y)(4z 2 + 2zy + y 2 + 3) = 0
Do 4z 2 + 2zy + y 2 + 3 > 0 nn 2z y = 0
Vi y = 2z th vo (*) ta c:
() 4z 3 3z 1 = 0
x = 1
z=1
y = 2
x = 2
z = 1
y = 1
2
Vy h cho c hai nghim l (x; y) = (1; 2), (2; 1).
42 Gii h phng trnh:
x 2 y 2 = 2
log (x + y) log (x y) = 1
2
3
Li gii:
iu kin: x > |y|
Ta c:
x2 y 2 = 2
log2 (x + y) + log2 (x y) = 1
log2 (x + y) + log2 3.log3 (x y) = 1
http://boxmath.vn/
100

u = log (x + y)
2
t:
Ta c h phng trnh:
v = log (x y)
3
u v = 1
(log2 3 + 1)v = 0 v = 0 x = y + 1
u + log 3.v = 1
2
Th li vo phng trnh u ca h ta c:
3
1
(y + 1)2 y 2 = 2 y = x =
2
2

3 1
;

V h cho c nghim duy nht (x; y) =
2 2
43 Gii h phng trnh:
1 1
x + y + + = 5
x y
1
1
2
2
x + y +
+ 2 =9
2
x
y
Li gii:
iu kin: x, y 6= 0.
1
1
t: x + = a; y + = b khi h cho tng ng vi:
x
y
a=5b
a + b = 5
a = 5 b
b=2
a2 + b2 = 13
(5 b)2 + b2 13 = 0
b=3
+ Trng hp 1:
a = 3
b = 2
x + = 3
x
y + = 2
y
x2 3x + 1 = 0
y 2 2y + 1 = 0

a = 3

b=2

a=2
b = 3
3
+
5
x=
2
3 5
x=
y=1
+ Trng hp cn li ta lm tng t.
!
!
!
!
3 5
3+ 5
3 5
3+ 5
(x; y) =
;1 ,
; 1 , 1;
, 1;

2
2
2
2
44 Gii h phng trnh:
2x 2 = y 1 +
y1
2y 2 = x 1 +
x1
Li gii:
iu kin: x, y > 1
Vit li h phng trnh
http://boxmath.vn/
2(x 1) = y 1 +
y1
2(y 1) = x 1 +
x1
101
y 1.H phng trnh tr thnh:
2u2 v = v 2 + 1 (1)
2u2 = v + 1
v
1
2v 2 u = u2 + 1 (2)
2v 2 = u +
u
Nhn phng trnh (1) cho v v phng trnh (2) cho u ri tr v vi v ta c:
u3 v 3 + u v = 0 (u v)(u2 + uv + v 2 + 1) = 0 u = v
T u = v d dng suy ra x = y v ta c:
1
2 (x 1) = x 1 +
x1
2 (x 1) x 1 = x
t u =
x 1; v =
(x 1)3 = x2
4x3 13x2 + 12x 4 = 0

(x 2) 4x2 5x + 2 = 0
x = 2 (4x2 5x + 2 > 0)
Vy h cho c nghim duy nht x = y = 2
45 Gii h phng trnh:
3
2
2
x (y + 3y + 3) = 3y
y 3 (z 2 + 3z + 3) = 3z 2
z 3 (x2 + 3x + 3) = 3x2
Li gii:
TH1: xyz = 0
(
x = 0, (I)
3y 2 = 0
3z 3 = 0
y=0
z=0
H c nghim x = y = z = 0
y = 0, z = 0 Cmtt h c nghim x = y = z = 0
TH2: xyz 6= 0
3
3
3
= 2 + +1
x
y
y
3
3
3
(I)
= 2 + +1
3
y
z
z
3
3
3
= 2 + +1
3
z
x
x
1
1
1
t a = , b = , c =
x
y
z
3a3 = 3b2 + 3b + 1(1)
(I) 3b3 = 3c2 + 3c + 1(2)
3c3 = 3a2 + 3a + 1(3)

T (1), (2), (3) a, b, c > 0
Nu a > b:
(1) (2) 0 < 3 (a3 b3 ) = 3(b c)(b + c + 1) b > c
(2) (3) 0 < 3(b3 c3 ) = 3(c a)(c + a + 1) c > a a > b > c > a (v l)
http://boxmath.vn/
102
Suy ra h v nghim
Nu a < b:
Cmtt nh trng hp: a > bta suy ra h v nghim.Ta suy ra a = b(4)
Nu b > c:
(2) (3) 0 < 3(b3 c3 ) = 3(c a)(c + a + 1) c > a
(3) (1) 0 < 3(c3 a3 ) = 3(a b)(a + b + 1) a > b b > c > a > b (v l)
Suy ra h v nghim
Nu b < c:
Cmtt nh trng hp: b > c ta suy ra h v nghim Ta suy ra b = c (5)
T (4) v (5) ta suy ra a = b = c x = y = z
Th vo h (I) ta c: x3 (x2 + 3x + 3) = 3x2 x3 + 3x2 + 3x = 3 (do x 6= 0)
(x + 1)3 = 4 x = 1 + 3 4

Vy h phng trnh c 1 nghim l: (x; y; z) = 1 + 3 4; 1 + 3 4; 1 + 3 4
46 Gii h
phng trnh:
3
2
x + x (13 y z) + x (2y + 2z 2yz 26) + 5yz 7y 7z + 30 = 0

x3 + x2 (17 y z) x (2y + 2z 2yz 26) + y + z 3yz 2 = 0
4 x 7
Li gii:
Gi (x
(0 , y0 , z0 ) l nghim ty ca h th ta c: 4 x0 7
u = y0 + z0
t:
v = y0 z0
Do (x0 , y0 , z0 ) l nghim, nn ta c h thc sau:
( 3
x0 + x20 (13 u) + x0 (2u 2v 26) + 5v 7u + 30 = 0
x30 + x20 (17 u) x0 (2u + 2v 26) + u 3v 2 = 0
(

u 2x0 x20 7 + v (5 2x0 ) + x30 + 13x20 26x0 + 30 = 0 (1)

u 1 2x0 x20 + v (2x0 3) + x30 + 17x20 + 26x0 2 = 0 (2)
Ly (1) (2) v theo v ta c:

u (4x0 8) + 8v 4x20 52x0 + 32 = 0

1
u (2 x0 ) + x20 + 13x0 8 (3)
v=
2

2u0 2x0 x20 7 + (5 2x0 ) u (2 x0 ) + x20 + 13x0 8 + 2 x30 + 17x20 + 26x0 2 = 0
u0 (5x0 + 4) + 5x20 + 29x0 + 20 = 0
u0 (5x0 + 4) = (5x0 + 4) (x0 + 5) (4)
Do: 4 x0 7 5x0 + 4 6= 0
Vy t (4) ta c: u0 = x0 + 5
Thay vo (3) ta li c: v0 = 5x0 + 1
http://boxmath.vn/
103
Nh th ta i n:
y0 + z0 = x0 + 5 (5)
y0 z0 = 5x0 + 1 (6)
Theo nh l Viet, t (5) , (6) ta suy ra y0 v z0 l cc nghim ca phng trnh:

t2 (x0 + 5) t + 5x0 + 1 = 0 (7)
= x20 10x0 + 21 = (x0 3) (x0 7)
T 4 x0 7 ta suy ra:
(
0
x0 3 x0 7
4 x0 7
x0 = 7
Vy vi x0 = 7 th (7) c nghim t1 = t2 = 6 y0 = z0 = 6
Nh th h cho c nghim (x0 , y0 , z0 ) th ch c th l: x0 = 7
Th li ta thy (7, 6, 6) tha mn h phng trnh
Vy h phng trnh c nghim duy nht l: (x; y; z) = (7; 6; 6)
47 Gii h phngtrnh:
2
2
(x + 2) + (y + 3) = (y + 3) (x + z 2)
x2 + 5x + 9z 7y 15 = 3yz
8x2 + 18y 2 + 18xy + 18yz = 84x 72y 24z 176

Li gii:
(
t:
a=x+2
b=y+3
2
2
a + ab + b + bz 4b = 0 (1)
(I) a2 + a 7b + 3bz = 0 (2)
8a2 2a + 18 b2 + ab + bz 4b 30z + 94 = 0 (3)

(1) b2 + ab + bz 4b = a2
Thay vo (3) ta c: 8a2 2a 18a2 30z + 94 = 0

10a2 + 2a + 30z 94 = 0
5a2 + a 47
z=
15
2

Thay vo (2) ta c: a2 + a 7b b 5a +a47
=0
5

5a2 + a 12
15
b = a2 + a
5 (a2 + a)
1 241
(V
a
=
khng l nghim ca phng trnh)
10
5a2 + a 12
Nhn 2 v ca phng trnh (1) vi 3 ri tr cho phng trnh (2) v theo v, ta c:
b=
2a2 a + 3ab + 3b2 5b = 0 (4)

http://boxmath.vn/
104
5 (a2 + a)
Thay b = 2
vo (4) ta c:
5a + a 12

2
15a (a2 + a)
5 (a2 + a)
25 (a2 + a)
2a a + 2
+3
=0
5a + a 12
5a2 + a 12
5a2 + a 12
2
2a2 a
2

2
5a2 + a 12 + 15a a2 + a 25 a2 + a
5a2 + a 12 + 75 a2 + a = 0
50a6 + 70a5 208a4 94a3 + 182a2 + 156a = 0

a (a + 2) 5a2 14a + 3 5a2 + 11a + 3 = 0
11 61
a = 0 a = 2 a =
10
Tng ng vi cc gi tr trn ta tm c
4 nghim ca h cho l:

31+61 26128 1361 6131 261+28 39+61
47
4 29
(x; y; z) = 2; 3; 15 , 4; 3 ; 15 , 10 ; 15 ; 15
,
; 15 ; 15

10
48 Cho cc tham s dng a,
b, c. Tm nghim dng ca h phng trnh sau::
x + y + z = a + b + c
(1)
4xyz a2 x b2 y c2 z = abc (2)
Li gii:
a2
b2
c2
abc
(2)
+
+
+
= 4 (3)
yz xz xy xyz
t: x1 =
a ; y1
yz
b ; z1
xz
c
xy
(3) x21 + y12 + z12 + x1 .y1 .z1 = 4 (4)

D thy: 0 < x1 , y1 , z1 < 2 nn tn ti cc gi tr u, v tha: 0 < u, v <
v x1 = 2 sin u; y1 = 2 sin v
(4) z12 + 4z1 . sin u. sin v + 4sin2 u + 4sin2 v 4 = 0

0 = (2 sin u. sin v)2 4sin2 u + 4sin2 v 4 = 4 1 sin2 u 1 sin2 v = 4cos2 u.cos2 v > 0
"
z1 = 2 sin u. sin v 2 cos u. cos v < 0
(4)
z1 = 2 sin u. sin v + 2 cos u. cos v > 0
Do : a = 2 yz. sin u; b = 2 zx. sin v; c = 2 xy (cos u. cos v sin u. sin v)

Thay vo (1) ta c:
x + y + z = 2 yz. sin u + 2 zx. sin v + 2 xy (cos u. cos v sin u. sin v)

2
2
x cos v y cos u +
x sin v + y sin u 2 = 0
x cos v y cos u = x sin v + y sin u 2 = 0
a y
b x
a+b
a+b
Ta tnh c: z = x sin v + y sin u = + = z =

2
2 zx 2 yz
2 z
c+a
b+c
Tng t, ta cng c: y =
;x =
2
2

b+c c+a a+b
Vy h phng trnh cho c 1 nghim l: (x; y; z) =
;
;

2
2
2
http://boxmath.vn/
105
49 Gii h phng trnh:
2
2
2
2 2
x (y + z) = (3x + x + 1)y z
y 2 (z + x)2 = (4y 2 + y + 1)z 2 x2
z 2 (x + y)2 = (5z 2 + z + 1)x2 y 2
Li gii:
Trc ht (x; y; z) = (0; 0; k), (0; k; 0).(k; 0; 0) l cc nghim ca phng trnh.
Vi (x; y; z) 6= (0; 0; 0), h phng trnh cho tng ng:

2
1
1 1
1
+
= 2 + +3
z y
x
x

2
1 1
1
1
+
= 2 + +4
x z 2 y
1 1
1
1
+
= 2 + +5
y x
z
z
t a =
1
1
1
, b = , c = Khi , h cho tr thnh:
x
y
z
2
2
(c + b) = a + a + 3
(a + c)2 = b2 + b + 4
(b + a)2 = c2 + c + 5
Cng v theo v ca h trn ta c:

"
(a + b + c)2 (a + b + c) 12 = 0
Vi a + b + c = 4, ta c:
2
2
(4 a) = a + a + 3
(4 b)2 = b2 + b + 4
(4 c)2 = c2 + c + 5
Vi a + b + c = 3, ta c:
(3 a)2 = a2 + a + 3
(3 b)2 = b2 + b + 4
(3 c)2 = c2 + c + 5
a+b+c=4
a + b + c = 3
13
a=
x=
b=
y=
c = 11
z=
9
9
13
3
4
9
11
6
5
a=
x=
5
6
b = 1
y = 1
c = 4
z = 5
5
4

l

9 3 9
5
5
(x; y; z) = (0; 0; k), (0; k; 0), (k; 0; 0),
; ;
, ; 1;

13 4 11
6
4
50 Gii h phng trnh:
2
2
x + y = 2
z 2 + 2z(x + y) = 8
z(y x) = 4 3
http://boxmath.vn/
106
Li gii:
t x + y = a, y x = b.
Khi , h tng ng:
2
2
a +b =4
z 2 + 2za = 8
zb = 4 3
a2 + b2 = 4 (1)
8 z2
(2)
a = 2z
4 3
b=
(3)
z
Th (2) v (3) vo phng trnh (1), ta c:

2
(8 z 2 )
48
+ 2 =4
2
4z
z
2
2
z 16 = 0
"
z = 4
z=4
Vi z = 4, ta c a = 1, b =
Suy ra
1
2
3 1 +
;
2
3. Khi ta co h:
(
1
x=
x + y = 1
2

1
+
3
x + y = 3
y=
2
!
;4
l nghim ca h.
Vi z = 4, ta c a = 1, b = 3. Khi ta co h:
(
1+ 3
x=
x+y =1
2

3
x + y = 3
y=
2
!
1+ 3 1 3
Suy ra
;
; 4 l nghim ca h.
2
2
!
!
1+ 3 1 3
1 3 1 + 3
;
;4 ,
;
; 4
Vy h c 2 nghim l (x; y) =
2
2
2
2
51 Gii h phng trnh:
1
1
1
x+ y+ z =3
y
x
z
1 1 1
118
x+y+z+ + + =
x y z
9
1
1
1
728
x x + y y + z z =
27
x x y y z z
Li gii:
Vi iu kin xc nh ca h ta t:
1
1
1
a = x x + = a2 + 2 ; x x + = a3 + 3a
x
x
x x
1
1
1
b = y y + = b2 + 2 ; y y + = b3 + 3b
y
y
y y
1
1
1
c = z z + = c2 + 2 ; z z + = c3 + 3c
z
z
z z
http://boxmath.vn/
107
T ta c h phng trnh:
a+b+c=
64
2
2
2
a +b +c =
a3 + b3 + c3 = 512
27
p dng hng ng thc:
(a + b + c)3 = a3 + b3 + c3 + 3 (a + b) (b + c) (c + a)
Thay gi tr vo ta suy ra:
a = b
(a + b) (b + c) (c + a) = 0 b = c
c = a
Thay ln lt vo li h ta c h sc cc
cp nghim:

8
8
8
;
; 0; 0 ; 0; ; 0
(a; b; c) = 0; 0;
3
3
3
T suy ra:
(x; y; z) = (1; 1; 9) ; (9; 1; 1) ; (1; 9; 1)
Th li ta thy tha mn h phng trnh ban u
Vy h cho c nghim l: (x; y; z) = (1; 1; 9), ; (9; 1; 1), ; (1; 9; 1)
52 Gii h phng trnh:
2
2
2 2
x (y + z) = (3x + x + 1) y z
y 2 (x + z)2 = (4y 2 + y + 1) x2 z 2
z 2 (x + y)2 = (5z 2 + z + 1) x2 y 2
Li gii:
H phng trnh lun c cc nghim (x; y; z) c dng (m; 0; 0) ; (0; n; 0) ; (0; 0; p) vi m, n, p l cc
s thc ty
Trng hp xyz 6= 0, chia hai v cc
trnh cho x2 y 2 z 2 ta c h:
phng

2
1 1
1
1
+
=3+ + 2
y z
x x

2
1 1
1
1
+
=4+ + 2
y y
z x 2
1 1
1
1
+
=5+ + 2
x y
z z
1
1
1
t: a = ; b = ; c = ta c h:
x
y
z

1
1
11
b
+
c
=
a
+
b
+
c
+
2
2
4
a + a + 3 = (b + c)

1
1
15
a+b+c+
c+ab
=
b2 + b + 4 = (c + a)2
2
2
4
c2 + c + 5 = (a + b)2
1
19
1
a+bc
=
a+b+c+
2
2
4
1
1
1
1
t: k = a + b + c + ; A = b + c a ; B = c + a b ; C = a + b c
2
2
2
2
Ta c:
http://boxmath.vn/
108
- Vi k =
9
ta c:
2
- Vi k =
A
B
C
A+B+C
k2
1
=
=
=
=
=
4k
11
15
19
45
45
2
4k 8k 45 = 0
9
k=2
5
k=
2
A=
B=
C =
5
ta c:
2
10
13
a=
x=
9
9
5
4
b=
y=
6
3
19
11
c =
z =
8
9
9
13
3
4
9
11
11
6
5
A
=
a=
x=
10
5
6
5
b = 1 y = 1
B=
19
z = 5
c=
C =
5
4
10
Vy h cho c cc nghim:

9 3 9
5
5
(x; y; z) = (m; 0; 0) ; (0; n; 0) ; (0; 0; p) ;
; ;
; ; 1;
, (m, n, p R)
13 4 11
6
4
53 Gii h phng trnh:
x+3=y 6
y + 2 = z 3 25
z + 1 = x3 + 1
Li gii:
t a = x + 3, b = y + 2, c = z + 1 (a, b, c 0).
H phng trnh tr thnh
3
3
a = b2 2 6
a b = b2 2 b 6 = f (b)
3
3
2
b = c 1 25 b c = c2 1 c 25 = g(c)
3
3
c = a2 3 + 1
c a = a2 3 a + 1 = h(a)
Ta c:
(
a0
b0
3
b2 2 6 > 13
b> 3
3
c> 3
c2 1 25 > 23
Suy ra:
3
a2 3 + 1 > 3
http://boxmath.vn/
a
>
3
a2 3 >
q
3
13 ()
1
31>
2
109
Ta c:
0
2
f (b) = 3 b2 2 .2b 1 > 3.1.2 3 1 > 0 b > 3
2
0
g (c) = 3 c2 1 .2c 1 > 3.22 .2 3 1 > 0 c > 3
23
2
1
1
0
2
h (a) = 3 a 3 .2a 1 > 3.

.2 3 1 > 3. .2 3 1 > 0 a()
2
2
Suy ra: f (b), g(c), h(a) l hm ng bin v f (2) = g(2) = h(2) = 0

Trng hp 1: a > 2 h(a) > h(2) = 0 c > a > 2 g(c) > g(2) = 0 b > c > 2 f (b) >
f (2) = 0 a > b > 2 a > b > c > a. Suy ra trng hp a > 2 v l.
Trng hp 2: a < 2, l lun tng t ta suy ra iu v l.
Vy ta c:
a = 2 c = a + h(a) = 2 b = c + g(c) = 2
x
+
3
=
2
x=1
p
a=b=c=2
y+2=2 y =2
z = 3
z+1=2
Th li : x = 1, y = 2, z = 3 l nghim ca h
Vy h phng trnh c 2 nghim l: (x; y; z) = (1; 2; 3)
S dng phng php hm s
1 Gii h phng
trnh:
(x y) (x2 + xy + y 2 2) = 6 ln
!
p
y + y2 + 9
(1)
x + x2 + 9
x3 2x + 1 = y 2
(2)
Li gii:
p
p
2
2
Nhn xt: x p
+ x + 9 > x + x |x| + x 0; y + y 2 + 9 > y 2 + y |y| + y 0
y + y2 + 9
Suy ra:
>0
x + x2 + 9

p
(1) x3 2x + 6 ln x + x2 + 9 = y 3 2y + 6 ln y + y 2 + 9 (3)
Xt hm s: f (t) = t3 2t + 6 ln t +

t2 + 9 , t R

6
2
2
2
f (t) = 3t 2 +
=3 t +
t2 + 9
t2 + 9 3
0
Theo bt ng thc Cauchy:

1
26 2
26
29
t2 + 9
1
26 2
+
+
+
t +9 1+
t + 9 1 + .9 =
27
27
27
3
t2 + 9
t2 + 9 27
2
2
t2 +
0
t2 + 9 3
Suy ra: f 0 (t) 0, t R
Do : f (t) ng bin trn R.
(3) f (x) = f (y) x = y
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110
Th vo phng trnh (2) ta c:

x3 x2 2x + 1 = 0 (4)
Xt hm s: f (x) = x3 x2 2x + 1 lin tc trn cc on [2; 0] , [0; 1] , [1; 2]
f (2) .f (0) < 0 (4) c nghim x1 (2; 0)
f (0) .f (1) < 0 (4) c nghim x2 (0; 1)
f (1) .f (2) < 0 (4) c nghim x3 (1; 2)
Vy (4) c t nht 3 nghim trn (2; 2)
Phng trnh (4) l phng trnh bc 3 c khng qu 3 nghim trn R, nn phng trnh (4) c ng
3 nghim x1 , x2 , x3 (2; 2)
t: x = 2 cos , (0; ) sin 6= 0
(4) 8cos3 4cos2 4 cos + 1 = 0
8 sin .cos3 4 sin .cos2 4 sin . cos + sin = 0
sin 4 = sin
= k2
2 (k Z)
= +k
7
7
3
5
; =
; =
7
7
7
3
; =
Vy h phng trnh cho c 3 nghim l: (x; y; z) = (2 cos ; 2 cos ; 2 cos ) , = ; =
7
7
5

7
Vi: (0; ) =
2 Gii h phng trnh:

(2x2 3x + 4) . (2y 2 3y + 4) = 18 (1)
x2 + y 2 + xy 7x 6y + 14 = 0 (2)
Li gii:
Ta xem (2) l phng trnh bc hai theo x: x2 + x (y 7) + y 2 6y + 14 = 0
Phng trnh ny c nghim = (y 7)2 4 (y 2 6y + 14) 0
3y 2 + 10y 7 0 1 y
7
3
Tng t, ta xem (2) l phng trnh bc hai theo y: y 2 + y (x 6) + x2 7x + 14 = 0

Phng trnh ny c nghim = (x 6)2 4 (x2 7x + 14) 0
3x2 + 16x 20 0 2 x
10
3
Xt hm s: f (t) = 2t2 3t + 4, t R; f 0 (t) = 4t 3

f 0 (t) = 0 t =
3
<1
4
Suy ra, trn [1, +) hm s ny ng bin.

Ta c: f (x) f (2) = 6; f (y) f (1) = 3 f (x) .f (y) 18
Du = xy ra x = 2, y = 1 Thay vo (2), ta thy khng tha
Vy h phng trnh cho v nghim
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111
3 Gii h phng trnh:
2y 3 + 2x1 x = 31 x y
y = 2x2 1 + 2xy 1 + x
(1)
(2)
Li gii:
iu kin: 1 x 1
t: a = 1 x x = 1 a2 . Khi

(1) 2y 3 + 2 1 a2 a = 3a y
2y 3 + y = 2a3 + a
(3)
Xt hm s: f (t) = 2t3 + t, t R; f 0 (t) = 6t2 + 1 > 0, t R

Suy ra f (t) ng bin trn R Nn:
(3) f (y) = f (a) y = a y =
Thay vo (2), ta c:
1 x = 2x2 1 + 2x 1 x2
1x
(4)
t: x = cos t, t [0; ]
1 cos t = 2cos2 t 1 + 2 cos t 1 cos2 t

r
t
2sin2 = cos 2t + sin 2t
2

t

2 sin = 2 sin 2t +
2
4

t

= sin
sin 2t +
4
2
t
2t + = + k2
4
2
t
2t + = + k2
4
2
4
t= +k
6
3 (k Z)
4
3
+k
t=
10
5
(4)
V t [0; ] t =
3
Khi :
10
3
3
= 2 sin
10
20

3
3
Vy h phng trnh cho c nghim duy nht l: (x; y) = cos ; 2 sin

10
20
3
x = cos ; y =
10
1 cos
4 Gii h phng trnh:

x11 + xy 10 = y 22 + y 12
(1)
p
7y 4 + 13x + 8 = 2y 4 3 x (3x2 + 3y 2 1) (2)
Li gii:
http://boxmath.vn/
112
D thy vi y = 0 th h phng trnh v nghim.

Chia 2 v phng trnh (1) cho y 11 , ta c:
11
x
x
+ = y 11 + y (3)
y
y
Xt hm s: f (t) = t11 + t, t R; f 0 (t) = 11t10 + 1 > 0, t R
Suy ra f (t) l hm s ng bin trn R

x
x
(3) f
= f (y) = y x = y 2 x > 0
y
y
Thay vo (2) ta c:
p
3
x (3x2 + 3x 1)
r
1
7 13
8
3
3
+ 2 + 3 = 2 3 + 2 (4)
x x
x
x x
7x2 + 13x + 8 = 2x2
t: t =
1
>0
x
3
(4) 7t + 13t2 + 8t3 = 2 3 + 3t t2
3
(2t + 1)3 + 2 (2t + 1) = 3 + 3t t2 + 2 3 + 3t t2 (5)
Xt hm s f (a) = a3 + 2a, a > 0; f 0 (a) = 3a2 + 2 > 0, a > 0

Suy ra f (a) l hm s ng bin trn (0, +)

3
2
3 + 3t t
(5) f (2t + 1) = f
3
2t + 1 = 3 + 3t t2
(2t + 1)3 = 3 + 3t t2
8t3 + 13t2 + 3t 2 = 0

(t + 1) 8t2 + 5t 2 = 0
5 + 89
t=
(dot > 0)
16
16
4
x=
y = p
89 5
89 5
(x; y) =
16
4
; p
89 5
89 5
!
,
16
4
; p
89 5
89 5
5 Gii h phng trnh:
2x2 y + y 3 = x6 + 2x4
(x + 2)y + 1 = (x + 1)2
(1)
(2)
Li gii:
iu kin y 1
Do x = 0 khng phi l nghim ca h nn
y 3
y
(1)
+ 2 = x3 + 2x
x
x
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113
Xt hm f (t) = t3 + 2t f 0 (t) = 3t2 + 2 0 f 0 (t) ng bin trn R

y
y
f
= f (x) = x y = x2
x
x
Thay y = x2 vo phng trnh (2) ta c:
(x + 2) x2 + 1 = x2 + 2x + 1
(x + 2)( x2 + 1 x) = 1
x + 2 = x2 + 1 + x
x2 + 1 = 4
"
x= 3
x= 3
Vy h phng trnh c 2 nghim (x; y) = ( 3; 3), ( 3; 3)

6 Gii h phng trnh:
(1 + 42xy ).512x+y = 1 + 22xy+1

y 3 + 4x + 1 + ln(y 2 + 2x) = 0
(1)
(2)
Li gii:
T phng trnh (1), t t = 2x y ta c
t
t
1
4
5
+5
= 1 + 2.2t
5
5
t
t
4
1
+5
v g (t) = 1 + 2.2t
t f (t) = 5
5
5
D dng nhn thy f (t) nghch bin cn g (t) ng bin, li c f (1) = g (1) nn t = 1 l nghim
duy nht ca phng trnh. Suy ra 2x y = 1 y = 2x 1
Thay vo (2) ta c: (2x 1)3 + 4x + 1 + ln (4x2 2x + 1) = 0 (3)
t h(x) = (2x 1)3 + 4x + 1 + ln(4x2 2x + 1)
16x2 + 2
8x 2
Ta c h0 (x) = 6(2x 1)2 + 4 + 2
= 6(2x 1)2 + 2
>0
4x 2x + 1
4x 2x + 1
Suy ra h(x) ng bin, li thy f (0) = 0. Do , x = 0 l nghim duy nht ca (3), dn n y = 1
Vy h phng trnh cho c nghim duy nht l (0; 1)
7 Gii h phng trnh:
x3 + 1 = 2(x2 x + y)
y 3 + 1 = 2(y 2 y + x)
H phng trnh tng ng
Li gii:
x3 2x2 + 2x + 1 = 2y
y 3 2y 2 + 2y + 1 = 2x
Xt f (t) = t3 2t2 + 2t + 1
Ta c f 0 (t) = 3t2 4t + 2 > 0 t. Suy ra f (t) ng bin trn R
H cho tng ng vi h:
http://boxmath.vn/
114
f (x) = 2y
f (y) = 2x
- Nu x > y, suy ra f (x) > f (y) dn n 2y > 2x. Li suy ra y > x, mu thun. Vy h khng c
nghim x > y
- Nu x < y, tng t nh trn, cng loi c trng hp ny
Vy nu h c nghim (x; y) th x = y
!
1 5 1 5
1+ 5 1+ 5
;
;
;

Th vo trn c h c 3 nghim : (1; 1) ;
2
2
2
2
8 Gii h phng trnh:
x3 (2 + 3y) = 8
x (y 3 2) = 6
Li gii:
Nhn thy x = 0 khng l nghim, chia
2
v cho
3 x 6= 0, ta c h sau:
2
= 3y + 2
x
y 3 = 6 + 2
x
V tr v ta c c phn tch sau:

3
2
2
+3
= y 3 + 3y
x
x
Xt hm c trng f (t) = t3 + t
Vi f 0 (t) = 3t2 + 1 > 0, t R
2
Dn n = y, th vo phng trnh (1) ta c:
x
y 3 3y 2 = 0 y = 1 y = 2
Vi y = 1 th x = 2
Vi y = 2 th x = 1
Vy h phng trnh cho c 2 b nghim (x; y) = (2; 1), (1; 2)
9 Gii h phng trnh:
(17 3x)5 x + (3y 14)4 y = 0

22x + y + 5 + 33x + 2y + 11 = x2 + 6x + 13
Li gii:
x5
y4
iu kin:
2x + y + 5 0
3x + 2y + 11 0
(3 (5 x) + 2)
http://boxmath.vn/
5 x = (3 (4 y) + 2) 4 y
(1)
115
Xt hm s f (t) = (3t2 + 2) t vi t R. Khi , f (t) l hm lin tc trn R.

Ta c
f 0 (t) = 9t2 + 2 > 0, t R
Do f (t) l hm s ng bin trn R. T phng trnh (1), ta c:
p

5x =f
4y
f
p
5x= 4y
y = x 1
Thay y = x 1 vo phng trnh th hai ca h, ta c:
x2 + 6x + 13 = 2 3x + 4 + 3 5x + 9
(2)
4
. Khi :
3

(4) x2 + x + 2 x + 2 3x + 4 + 3 x + 3 5x + 9 = 0
2 (x2 + x)
3 (x2 + x)
+
=0
x2 + x +
x + 2 + 3x + 4 x + 3 + 5x + 9

2
3
2
(x + x) 1 +
+
=0
x + 2 + 3x + 4 x + 3 + 5x + 9
x2 + x = 0
2
3
1+
+
=0
x + 2 + 3x + 4 x + 3 + 5x + 9
x = 0
x = 1
Vi x2 + x = 0, ta c:
,
.
y = 1
y = 2
iu kin xc nh ca phng trnh (4) l x
= 0 , do iu kin x 34 nn v tri lun dng.

x + 2 + 3x + 4 x + 3 + 5x + 9
Dn n phng trnh v nghim.
Vy h phng trnh cho c nghim l (x; y) = (0; 1) , (x; y) = (1; 2)
Vi 1 +
10 Gii h phng trnh:

x
x3 + x + log2 = 8y 3 + 2y + 1 (1)
y
1
2
y xy + = 0
(2)
4
Li gii:
x
>0
iu kin: y
y 6= 0
Ta c:
xy > 0
(1) x3 + x + log2 |x| log2 |y| = 8y 3 + 2y + 1

x3 + x + log2 |x| = 8y 3 + 2y + 1 + log2 |y|
x3 + x + log2 |x| = 8y 3 + 2y + log2 |2y| (?)
Xt hm s: f (t) = t3 + t + log2 |t| vi t 6= 0
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116
1
nu t>0
t. ln 2
.
Ta c: f 0 (t) =
3t2 + 1 1
nu t<0
t ln 2
C th thy f 0 (t) > 0 vi mi t 6= 0 nn f (t) l hm s ng bin trn (; 0) v (0; +)
Do :
"
x = 2y
(?) f (|x|) = f (|2y|) |x| = |2y|
x = 2y
Vi x = 2y ta c:
1
y=
x = 1
1
2
2
(2) y = = 0
1
4
y=
x = 1
2
Vi x = 2y ta c:
1
(2) 3y 2 = (v nghim)
4

1
1
, 1;
i chiu iu kin h phng trnh cho c cc nghim (x; y) = 1;
2
2
3t2 + 1 +
11 Gii h phng trnh:

x3 y 3 + 3y 2 3x 2 = 0
p
x2 + 1 x2 3 2y y 2 = 0
(1)
(2)
Li gii:
Ta c:
2
x2
q
= 3 1 (y 1)2
(2) x + 1
Do iu kin: |x| 1; |y 1| 1
Phng trnh (1) c vit li di dng:

y 3 3y 2 + 2 = x3 3x (y 1) (y 1)2 3 = x (x2 3) (3)
Xt hm c trng: f (t) = t (t2 3) vi |t| 1.
Ta c: f 0 (t) = 3t2 3 0, |t| 1. Do f (t) l hm nghch bin trn on [1; 1]
Do :
(3) f (y 1) = f (x) y 1 = x
Khi (2) tr thnh:
(1 x2 ) + 2 1 x2 1 = 0 (?)
t: t = 1 x2 (t 0). Phng trnh (?) tr thnh:

"
t = 2 1 (tha)
2
t + 2t 1 = 0
t = 2 1 (loi)
Vi t = 2 1 suy ra:
"
p
p
x
=
2
2
y
=
1
+
2 22
p
p
1 x2 = 2 1 x2 = 2 2 2
x= 2 22y =1 2 2+2
i chiup
iu kin suy raph c nghim:
p

p
2 2 2; 1 + 2 2 2 , 2 2 2; 1 2 2 2
(x; y) =
12 Gii h phng trnh:
http://boxmath.vn/
x2 + 91 = y 2 + y 2
p
y 2 + 91 = x 2 + x2
117
Li gii:
iu kin: x, y 2
Ly (1) tr (2) ta c:
x2 + 91 + x 2 + x2 = y 2 + 91 + y 2 + y 2
Xt hms
f (u) = u2 + 91 + u 2 + u2 , u (2; +)
u
1
f 0 (u) =
+
+ 2u > 0, t (0; +) Hm s ng bin f (x) = f (y) x = y
u2 + 91 2 u 2
Thay x = y vo phng trnh (1) ta c: x2 + 91 = . x 2 + x2

Xt hm s
g(x) = x2 + 91 = x 2 + x2 , x (2; +)
x
1
g 0 (x) =

2x < 0, t (0; +)
2
x + 91 2 x 2
g(x) c nghim duy nht x = 3.
13 Gii h phng trnh:
(x2 + 1)x + (y 4)p(3 y) = 0 (1)
p
22x2 + 9y 2 + 18 (4 3x) = 76 (2)
Li gii:
Bin i phng trnh (1) thnh:
x3 + x = (3 y)
p
p
3y+ 3y
Xt hm s: f (t) = t3 + t f 0 (t) = 3t2 + 1 > 0

Hm s f (t) ng bin f (x) = f

3y x= 3y
Thay vo phng trnh (2) ta c:
2
22x2 + 9 3 x2 + 18 4 3x = 76 9x4 32x2 + 18 4 3x + 5 = 0 ()

4
4
2
Xt hm s: f (x) = 9x 32x + 18 4 3x + 5 0 x
3
27
f 0 (t) = 4x(9x2 16)
< 0 f (x) nghch bin
4 3x
M f (x) = f (1) = 0 x = 1 l nghim duy nht ca phng trnh (*) y = 2
Vy h phng trnh cho c nghim duy nht (x; y) = (1; 2)
15 Gii h phng trnh:
x(x2 + y 2 ) = y 4 (y 2 + 1) (1)
p
4x + 5 + y 2 + 8 = 6 (2)
Li gii:
5
iu kin: x .
4
Nhn thy y = 0 khng l nghim ca phng trnh nn chia hai v phng trnh (1) cho y 3 ta c:
3
x
x
+ = y3 + y
y
y
http://boxmath.vn/
118

x
Xt hm s f (t) = t + t hm s ng bin v f
= f (y) suy ra x = y 2
y
Thay vo phng trnh (2) ta c 4x + 5 + x + 8 = 6 gii ra c x = 1, y 2 = 1

Vy h phng trnh cho c 2 nghim (x; y) = (1; 1); (1; 1)
3
16 Gii h phng trnh:
x(4x2 + 1) + (y 3)5 2y = 0
4x2 + y 2 + 23 4x = 7
Li gii:
x 3
4
iu kin:
1
y
2
Nhn hai v phng trnh (1) vi 2 ta c:
(4x2 + 1)2x = (5 2y + 1)
5 2y f (2x) = f
p

5 2y
Xt f (t) = (4t2 + 1)2t c f 0 (t) = 3t2 + 1 > 0 f (t) ng bin trn R

p
p
5 4x2
f (2x) = f ( 5 2y) 2x = 5 2y y =
2

2

5 4x2
3
2
Thay vo phng trnh (2) ta c: g(x) = 4x +
+ 2 3 4x = 7 trn 0,
2
4

1
1
Ta c g 0 (x) ngch bin, m g
= 0 x = l nghim duy nht.
2
2

1
;2
2
17 Gii h phng trnh:
8x2 + 18y 2 + 36xy 10x6xy 15y 6xy = 0 (1)

2x2 + 3y 2 = 30
(2)
Li gii:
iu kin: xy 0.
Nu x = 0 suy ra y = 0 khng tho mn phng trnh (2) ca h.
Nu y = 0 cng tng t, vy xy > 0.
Phng trnh (1) ca h tng ng vi
p
p
2x + 3y
6xy
5
8x + 18y + 36xy 10x 6xy 15y 6xy = 0
+
=
2x + 3y
2
6xy
2
2x + 3y
1
t2 1
t t =
, t 2. Xt hm s f (t) = t + , t 2, ta thy f 0 (t) =
> 0, t 2 suy ra
t
t2
6xy
5
f (t)
2
Du = xy ra khi t = 2 hay khi 2x = 3y.
Thay vo phng trnh (2) suy ra nghim: x = 3, y = 2.
Vy h phng trnh cho c nghim duy nht (x; y) = (3; 2).
http://boxmath.vn/
119
18 Gii h phng trnh:
x3 3x = y 3 3y
(1)
x 6 + y 6 = 1
(2)
Li gii:
T phng trnh (2) d dng suy ra: x, y [1; 1]
Xt hm s f (t) = x3 3t trn [-1;1]
Ta c f 0 (t) = 3(t2 1) 0 vi mi x [1; 1]
Do f (x) nghch bin trn [1; 1].
T phng trnh (1) ta c f (x) = f (y) x = y Khi
:
6 1
x
=
y
=
1
2
r
(2) x6 =
1
2
x=y=6
r
r 2
1
1
Vy h cho c 2 nghim l x = y = 6 hoc x = y = 6

2
2
19 Tm a h bt phng trnh sau

c nghim duy nht:
x + 1 + y a
y + 1 + x a
Li gii:
+ iu kin cn:
Ta c nu (x0 ; y0 ) l 1 nghim ca h bt phng trnh th (yo ; xo ) cng l mt nghim ca h bt
phng trnh.
h c nghim duy nht th ta c xo = yo .
Khi h bt phng trnh c vitli l:
x = y
x + 1 + x a ()
H bt phng trnh cho c nghim duy nht khi v ch khi bt phng trnh (*) c nghim duy
nht.
Xt hm s f (x) = x + 1 + x x 0.
1
1
f 0 (x) =
+ > 0 x > 0
2 x+1 2 x
Do hm s f(x) ng bin trn [0; +)
f (x) f (0) = 1 x 0
Suy ra bt phng trnh () c nghim duy nht khi v ch khi a = 1.
+ iu kin :
Vi a = 1 ta c h bt phng trnh:
x + 1 + y 1
(I)
y + 1 + x 1
x 0
iu kin:
.
y 0
http://boxmath.vn/
120

x + 1 + y 1
Vi iu kin trn ta c:
y + 1 + x 1
(II)
T (I) v (II) ta c: x = y = 0.
Vy a = 1 l gi tr cn tm
20 Gii h phng trnh:
1
1
1
+ + =3 3
y
z
x
x+y+z =1
xy + yz + zx = 7 + 2xyz
27
(1)
(2)
(3)
Li gii:
iu kin: x > 0, y > 0, z > 0
1
T phng trnh x + y + z = 1 ta thy trong cc s x, y, z phi c t nht mt s khng ln hn .
3

1
1
Khng mt tnh tng qut ta gi s z . Do z 0; .
3
3
t S = xy + yz + zx 2xyz = xy (1 2z) + z (x + y) = xy (1 2z) + z (1 z)

2
2
x+y
1z
Do xy
=
nn
2
2

S
1z
2
2
(1 2z) + z (1 z) =

1
2z 3 + z 2 + 1
4
1
(2z 3 + z 2 + 1).
4

1
1
1
0
2
Ta c f (z) = (6z + 2z) = z (3z + 1) 0, z 0; .
4
2
3

1
1
7
Suy ra f (z) f
= , z 0; .
3
27
3
1
7
Do : S . Du 00 =00 xy ra khi v ch khi: x = y, z = .
27
3
1
Thay vo (2) ta c: x = y = z = .

3
1 1 1
Th li ta thy (x; y; z) =
; ;
tha mn h phng trnh.
3 3 3

1 1 1
; ;

Vy h phng trnh c nghim duy nht (x; y; z) =
3 3 3
Xt hm s f (z) =
21 Gii h phng trnh:
3
3
2
2
x 2y 2 (x 3y ) + 3 (x 2y) 1 = 0
y 3 2z 3 2 (y 2 3z 2 ) + 3 (y 2z) 1 = 0
z 3 2x3 2 (z 2 3x2 ) + 3 (z 2x) 1 = 0

Li gii:
x3 2x2 + 3x 1 = 2y 3 6y 2 + 6y
(I) y 3 2y 2 + 3y 1 = 2z 3 6z 2 + 6z
z 3 2z 2 + 3z 1 = 2x3 6x2 + 6x
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121
t: f (t) = t3 2t2 + 3t 1; g (t) = 2t3 6t2 + 6t Ta c:

f 0 (t) = 3t2 4t + 3 > 0, t R; g 0 (t) = 6t2 12t + 6 = 6(t 1)2 0, t R
Do f (t) , g (t) ng bin trn R
f (x) = g (y) (1)
(I) f (y) = g (z) (2) (II)
f (z) = g (x) (3)

Gi s (x, y, z) tha mn h phng trnh cho. Khng mt tnh tng qut, gi s x y
T (1) v (2) suy ra:
g (y) g (z) y z
T (2) v (3) suy ra:
g (z) g (x) z x
Do : x = y = z
(
(II)
x=y=z
x3 4x2 + 3x + 1 = 0 (4)
t t = x 1
(4) (t + 1)3 4(t + 1)2 + 3 (t + 1) + 1 = 0
t3 t2 2t + 1 = 0 (5)
t h (t) = t3 t2 2t + 1, ta c h (t) lin tc trn R
V h (2) = 7 < 0; h (0) = 1 > 0; h (1) = 1 < 0; h (2) = 1 > 0
Nn phng trnh: h (t) = 0 c 3 nghim phn bit nm trong khong (2, 2)
t t = 2 cos , (0, ). Khi sin 6= 0
(5) 8cos3 4cos2 4 cos + 1 = 0

4 cos 2cos2 1 4 1 sin2 + 1 = 0
4 cos cos 2 + 4sin2 3 = 0
4 cos cos 2 sin = 3 sin 4sin3
sin 4 = sin 3
"
4 = 3 + k2
(k Z)
4 = 3 + k2
= k2
k2 (k Z)
= +
7
7
3 5
Vi (0, ) ta thu c: 7 ; 7 ; 7

5
Do : t = 2 cos , 7 ; 3
;
7
7
Vy h phng trnh c nghim:
http://boxmath.vn/
(x; y; z) = (2 cos + 1; 2 cos + 1; 2 cos + 1) , =
3 5
; ;
7 7 7
122
22 Gii h phng trnh:
px 2x + 6log3 (6 y) = x
y 2 2y + 6log3 (6 z) = y
z 2 2z + 6log (6 x) = z
3
Xt i din phng trnh (1):
Li gii:
x
x2 2x + 6log3 (6 y) = x log3 (6 y) =
= f (x)
x2 2x + 6
6x
C f 0 (x) =
3 > 0 do 6 x > 0 l k tn ti pt
x2 2x+ 6
log (6 x) < log (6 z) f (z) < f (y) < f (x)
3
3
Gi s x > y > z
f (x) > f (y) > f (z)
(V l).
Cm tng t vi x < y < z (V l).

Vy, x = y = z
Th vo ta c: log3 6 x = f (x)
C: f (x) ng bin, g(x) = log3 6 x nghch bin nn f (x) = g(x) c nghim duy nht.
Nhn thy x = 3 l nghim.
Vy h phng trnh cho c nghim (x; y; z) = (3; 3; 3)
S dng phng php nh gi
1 Gii h phng trnh:
x2 y 2 2x + y 2 = 0
(1)
2x3 + 3x2 + 6y 12x + 13 = 0 (2)
Li gii:
(1) 2x = x2 y 2 + y 2 0 x 0

2x
(1) y 2 x2 + 1 = 2x y 2 = 2
1 1 y 1
x +1
(2) 2x3 + 3x2 12x + 7 + 6y + 6 = 0 (x 1)2 (2x + 7) + 6 (y + 1) = 0
(
Ta c:
(x 1)2 (2x + 7) 0 (do x 0)
(x 1)2 (2x + 7) + 6 (y + 1) 0
6 (y + 1) 0 (1 y 1)
(
(
(x 1)2 (2x + 7) = 0
x=1
Du = xy ra khi v ch khi
y+1=0
y = 1
Th li ta thy x = 1, y = 1 l nghim ca h
2 Gii h phng trnh:
1
1
2
+p
=
2
2
1 + 2xy
1 + 2x
1 + 2y
p
p
x (1 2x) + y (1 2y) = 2
9
Li gii:
http://boxmath.vn/
123

0 x
iu kin:
0 y
1
2
1
2
Ta chng minh bt ng thc:
1
1
2
+p
1 + 2xy
1 + 2x2
1 + 2y 2
()
Tht vy, theo bt ng thc Bunhiacopxki, ta c:

!2

1
1
1
1
+p
+
2
1 + 2x2 1 + 2y 2
1 + 2x2
1 + 2y 2
Du = xy ra
Ta li c:
1 + 2x2 =
(1)
1 + 2y 2 x = y (do x, y 0)
2(y x)2 (2xy 1)

1
1
2
=
0
+
1 + 2x2 1 + 2y 2 1 + 2xy
(1 + 2x2 ) (1 + 2y 2 ) (1 + 2xy)
1
1
2
+
1 + 2x2 1 + 2y 2
1 + 2xy
(2)
Du = xy ra khi v ch khi x = y
T (1) v (2) ta c bt ng thc (). Du = xy ra khi v ch khi x = y
Ta c h phng trnh:
9 73
x = y
x = y =
36
p
p
x (1 2x) + x (1 2x) = 2
9 + 73
x=y=
9
36
!
!
9 73 9 73
9 + 73 9 + 73
;
;
Vy h phng trnh c 2 nghim l: (x; y) =
,

36
36
36
36
3 Gii h phng trnh:
4x3 + 3xy 2 = 7y
y 3 + 6x2 y = 7
(1)
(2)
Li gii:
D thy x = y = 0 khng l nghim ca h phng trnh

(2) y y 2 + 6x2 = 7 > 0 y > 0

(1) x 4x2 + 3y 2 = 7y > 0 x > 0
Ly phng trnh (1) tr phng trnh (2), ta c:
4x3 + 3xy 2 y 3 6x2 y = 7 (y 1)

(x y) 4x2 2xy + y 2 = 7 (y 1)
(3)
T phng trnh (3) ta suy ra x y v y 1 cng du

- Nu 0 < y < 1 y 1 < 0 x y < 0 0 < x < y < 1 y 3 + 6x2 y < 7 (mu thun vi (2))
- Nu y > 1 y 1 > 0 x y > 0 x > y > 1 y 3 + 6x2 y > 7 (mu thun vi (2))
http://boxmath.vn/
124
Nn y = 1 thay vo (2) ta suy ra x = 1

4 Gii h phng trnh:
x3 + 3xy 2 = x2 + y 2 + 2 (1)
x4 + y 4 + 6x2 y 2 = 8
(2)
Li gii:
T phng trnh (2) ta c

x x2 + 3y 2 = x2 + y 2 + 2 x > 0
(
x4 = 8
(v nghim) T suy ra: y 6= 0

x 3 = x2 + 2
Vit li h phng trnh di dng
( 2
2
x + y 2 + (2xy)2 = 8 (3)

x2 + y 2 + 2 = x x2 + y 2 + y (2xy) (4)
Nu y = 0 th h tr thnh
T (4) ta c:
h
i
2
2
2
(x2 + y 2 + 2) = [x (x2 + y 2 ) + y (2xy)] (x2 + y 2 ) (x2 + y 2 ) + (2xy)2 = 8 (x2 + y 2 ) () (do (3))
x2 + y 2
2

+ 4 x2 + y 2 + 4 8 x2 + y 2
2

x2 + y 2 4 x2 + y 2 + 4 0
2
x2 + y 2 2 0
x2 + y 2 2 = 0
x2 + y 2 = 2
2xy
2
x2 + y 2
=
= 2x x2 = 1 x = 1 ( do x > 0)
Du = trong (*) xy ra khi:
x
y(
x
(
4
2
4
1 + y + 6y = 8
y + 6y 2 7 = 0
Th vo h ta c:
1 + 3y 2 = 1 + y 2 + 2
y2 = 1
( 2
"
y = 1 y 2 = 7
y=1
2
y
=
1
y2 = 1
y = 1
Vy h phng trnh c 1 nghim l: (x; y) = (1; 1) , (1; 1)
5 Gii h phng trnh:

p
p
(1)
1 + 1 x2 = x 1 + 2 1 y 2
1
1
2
=p
+
(2)
1+y
1 + xy
1+x
Li gii:
iu kin: |x| 1, |y| 1, xy 0
T (1) suy ra 0 x 1. Do : 0 y 1
Theo bt ng thc Bunhiacopxki, ta c:

2

1
1
1
1
+
2
+
1+x 1+y
1+y
1+x
http://boxmath.vn/
(3)
125
Ta chng minh :
1
1
2
+
1+x 1+y
1 + xy
Tht vy:
(4)
(4) 2 + x + y + 2 xy + xy (x + y) 2 + 2 (x + y) + 2xy
(1 xy) (x + y) 2 xy (1 xy) 0
2
(1 xy) x y 0 (x, y [0, 1])
T (3) v (4), suy ra:
2
1
1
p
+
1+y
1 + xy
1+x
ng thc xy ra khi v ch khi: x = y

Thay x = y vo (2) ta c:
q

1 + 1 x 2 = x 1 + 2 1 x2
(5)
h i
t x = sin t, t 0;
2
(5) 1 + cos t = sin t (1 + 2 cos t)

h i
t
t
t
t
2t
2 cos = 2 sin cos
1 + 2 1 2sin
do t 0;
cos > 0
2
2
2
2
2
2
t
t
2
3 sin 4sin3 =
2
2
2
3t
sin = sin
4
2
k4
t= +
6
3 (k Z)
k4
t= +
2
3
h i
Vi t 0; , ta c:
2
1
t=
x=
6
2

t=
x=1
2

1 1
Vy h phng trnh cho c 2 nghim: (x; y) =
;
, (1; 1)
2 2
6 Gii h phng trnh:
x 3 + y 2 = 2
(1)
x2 + xy + y 2 y = 0 (2)
Li gii:
(2) x2 + yx + y 2 y = 0

= y 2 4 y 2 y = 3y 2 + 4y
Phng trnh c nghim x 0 3y 2 + 4y 0 0 y
4
3
(2) y 2 + (x 1) y + x2 = 0
http://boxmath.vn/
126
= (x 1)2 4x2 = 3x2 2x + 1

Phng trnh c nghim y 0 3x2 2x + 1 0 1 x
1
3
Ta c:
3 2
1
4
49
(1) x + y
<2
+
=
3
3
27
3
Vy h phng trnh v nghim

7 Gii h phng trnh:
2x2 + xy = 1
9x2
3xy
4 = 1+
2(1 x)
2(1 x)2
(1)
(2)
Li gii:
iu kin: x 6= 1. Xt phng trnh bc hai: 2t2 + yt 1 = 0 (3)
(1) 2x2 + yx 1 = 0
cho thy t = x l mt nghim ca phng trnh (3)
(2) 2.
3x
9x2
1=0
4 + y.
4(1 x)
2(1 x)2
3x
l mt nghim ca phng trnh (3)
2(1 x)2
3x
, nn p dng nh l Viet, ta c:
D thy phng trnh (3) c 2 nghim phn bit m x 6=
2(1 x)2
1 3
y=2
x =
3x
1
2
x.
=
2
2(1 x)2
1 + 3
y=2
x=
2
!
!
1 3
1 + 3
;2 ,
;2
2
2
cho thy t =
8 Gii h phng trnh:
2(x + y)2 + 4xy 3 = 0

(x + y)4 2x2 4xy + 2y 2 + x 3y + 1 = 0
Li gii:
Bin i h phng trnh thnh
(
2(x + y)2 + 4xy 3 = 0
(1)
(x + y)4 2(x + y)2 + (x + y) + (2y 1)2 = 0
(2)
Ta c: (x + y)2 4xy
2(x + y)3 + (x + y)2 3 2(x + y)2 + 4xy 3 = 0 ( do (1))
2(x + y)3 + (x + y)2 3 0
http://boxmath.vn/
127
t: t = x + y Ta c:
2t3 + t2 3 0

3
2
0
2 (t 1) t + t +
2

3
2
t 1 do t + t + > 0
2
Khi : (2) t4 2t2 + t + (2y 1)2 = 0
Xt hm s: f (t) = t4 2t2 + t, t 1
f 0 (t) = 4t3 4t + 1 > 0, t 1
Vy f (t) ng bin trn [1; +) , suy ra:
t 1 f (t) f (1) = 0
Do :
x + y = 1
f (t) = 0
1
x=y=
(4)
1
2
y =
2
(2y 1) = 0
2

1 1
;

2 2
(
9 Gii h phng trnh:

2 x 4 y 1 = 2
p
x + 12x + y 2 = 19
Li gii:
iu kin: x 4; y 1
T phng trnh th nht, ta c:
p
2 x44= y12
y5
2(x 8)
=
y1+2
x4+2
Xt x > 8 y > 5. Kh :
VT =x+
12x + y 2 > 8 + 121 = 19 = V P
Xt x < 8 y < 5. Kh :
VT =x+
12x + y 2 < 8 + 121 = 19 = V P
Do x = 8; y = 5. Th li tha mn h
10 Gii h phng trnh:
x+2 y =1
1
1
1
=
x p
6
4x + y 2
http://boxmath.vn/
128
Li gii:
iu kin x > 2, y 0 Ta thy y = 0 khng l nghim ca h. Vi y > 0, ta c
x+2>1
3(7 33)
x>
>1
1 < 1 + 1
2
x
4x
3(7 33)
Do , iu kin h c nghim l x >
, y > 0 (I)
2
Vi iu kin (I), ta c + Nu y < x 1 th
T (1), ta c
T (2), ta c
x > 3(7 33)

2
x+2<1+ x1
x > 3(7 33)

2
1 > 1 + 1
x
6
x+1
x>2
3(7 33)
<x<2
2
Do , trong trng hp ny h v nghim.

+Nu y > x 1 > 0 th
T (1), ta c
x > 3(7 33)

2
x+2>1+ x1
T (2), ta c
3(7 33)
<x<2
2
x > 3(7 33)

2
1 < 1 + 1
x
6
x+1
x>2
Do , trong trng hp ny h v nghim. + Do , ta c y = x 1. Khi , h tr thnh
x + 2 x 1 = 1
x=2y=1
1 1 = 1
x
x+1

11 Gii h phng trnh:
y 2 + (4x 1)2 = p
3
4x (8x + 1)
40x2 + x = y 14x 1
Li gii:
1
iu kin: x
14
http://boxmath.vn/
129

2
t: t = 4x t
. H phng trnh tr thnh
7
p
2
3
2
y + (t 1) = t (2t + 1) (1)
r
7
5 2 t
t + =y
t1
(2)
2
4
2
T (2) ta c: y > 0
p dng bt ng thc Cauchy, ta c
2t +
2t + 1
2t.
.1
2
r
p
3
t (2t + 1) =
2t + 1
+1
1
2
=t+
3
2
Do , t (1) suy ra:

y 2 + (t 1)2 t +
1
1
y 2 t2 + 3t
2
2
(3)
Cng theo bt ng thc Cauchy, ta c

r
y
7
2
y
+
t1
7
2
t1
2
2
Do , t (2) suy ra:

7
y2 + t 1
5 2 t
2
t +
5t2 3t + 1 y 2
2
4
2
(4)
T (3) v (4) suy ra:

5t2 3t + 1 t2 + 3t
1
2
(2t 1)2 0
1
t=
2
1
x=
8
1
vo h phng trnh ta c:
8
1
3
3
2
2
y + = 1
y =
y =
3
4
4
2
y=
2
y 3 = 3
y = 3
y = 3
2
4
2
2
!
1 3
Vy h phng trnh c nghim duy nht: (x; y) =
;

8 2
Thay x =
12 Gii h bt phng trnh:
x6 + y 8 + z 10 1
x2007 + y 2009 + z 2011 1
Li gii:
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130
T (1) ta c: 1 x, y, z 1
T (1) v (2) ta c:
x2007 + y 2009 + z 2011 x6 + y 8 + z 10

x6 1 x2001 + y 8 1 y 2001 + z 10 1 z 2001 0
(3)
T 1 x, y, z 1 ta thy:

x6 1 x2001 , y 8 1 y 2001 , z 10 1 z 2001 0
Do :

(3) x6 1 x2001 = y 8 1 y 2001 = z 10 1 z 2001 = 0 x, y, z = 1 x, y, z = 0
Kt hp vi (1) h bt phng trnh c cc nghim l: (x; y; z) = (1; 0; 0) , (0; 1; 0) , (0; 1; 0) , (0; 0; 1)
13 Gii h phng trnh:
x2 y 2 2x + y 2 = 0
2x3 + 3x2 + 6y 12x + 13 = 0
Li gii:
2x
. Suy ra x 0
+1
Do x 0, p dng bt ng thc AM GM , suy ra y 2 =
Ta c: (1) y 2 =
x2
2x
1, dn n 1 y 1
+1
x2
()
Mt khc
(2x 7)(x 1)2
2x3 3x2 + 12x 13
(2) y =
=
1 (3)
6
6
Do x 0 nn t (3) suy ra y 1 ()
T (*) v (**) suy ra y = 1
Thay y = 1, suy ra x = 1
Vy h phng trnh c nghim duy nht l (1; 1)
14 Gii h phng trnh:
y 2 + y 2 = x2 + 91
p
x 2 + x2 = y 2 + 91
Li gii:
iu kin : x, y 2
Do vi tr x, y nh nhau, nn gi s x y, vy nn:
p
p
x2 + 91 y 2 + 91 y 2 + y 2 x 2 + x2
p
y 2 x 2 + (y x)(y + x) 0
yx
+ (y x)(y + x) 0
yx+ x2
y x
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131
Vy nn x = y dn n ta c phn tch sau:
x 2 + x2 = x2 + 91
x 2 1 + x2 9 = x2 + 91 10
x3
(x + 3)(x 3)
+ (x + 3)(x 3) =
x2+1
x2 + 91 + 10

x+3
1
+1
=0
(x 3)
x2+1
x2 + 91 + 10
- Vi x = 3 y = 3
x+3
1
+1
= 0.
- Vi
x2+1
x2 + 91 + 10

1
1
Do 0 <
1 = (x + 3)
< 1 nn (x + 3)
x2+1
x2 + 91 + 10

1
1
Dn n
= (x + 3)
1 v nghim.
x2+1
x2 + 91
Vy h phng trnh ch c nghim (3; 3)
15 Gii h phng trnh:
9 x2 + 91
<0
x2 + 91 + 10
3x + 3y = 6
3x + 16 + 3y + 16 = 10
Li gii:
T phhng trnh 2 ta c:
q
q
p
2
2
2
2
2
3x + 16 + 3y + 16 = ( 3x) + 4 + ( 3y) + 4
3x + 3y + (4 + 4)2 = 10
Du bng xy ra khi x = y = 3
16 Gii h phng trnh:
x2 y 2 2x + y 2 = 0
(1)
2x3 + 3x2 + 6y 12x + 13 = 0 (2)
Li gii:
T (1) ta c:
y2 =
2x
x0
+1
x2
Mt khc ta c:
2x x2 + 1 x R
(x 1)2 0 x R (lun ng)
Do :
y2 =
2x
x2 + 1
= 1 1 y 1 (?)
x2 + 1
x2 + 1
T (2) ta li c:
2x3 + 3x2 12x + 13
2x3 + 3x2 12x + 7
(x 1)2 (2x + 7)
y=
=
1=
1
6
6
6
V x 0 suy ra: y 1 (??)
T (?) v (??) ta c:
y = 1 x = 1
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132
Th li ta thy x = 1; y = 1 tha mn h
17 Gii h phng trnh:
x2 y 2 54x + 9y 2 = 0 (1)
2x2 + y 3 = 12x 45 (2)
Li gii:
(2) 2 (x 3)2 = y 3 27 y 3 27 y 3
Xem (1) l phng trnh bc 2 n x phng trnh c nghim
0 0 272 9y 4 0 y 4 81 3 y 3
T ta suy ra: y = 3 th vo (2) ta c:
x2 6x + 9 = 0 x = 3
18 Tm nghim dng ca h phng trnh:
3x
4y
2z
+
+
=1
x+1 y+1 z+1
9 3 4 2
8 x y z =1
Li gii:
T phng trnh u tin ca h ta c c:
1
2x
4y
2z
=
+
+
x+1
x+1 y+1 z+1
1
3x
3y
2z
=
+
+
y+1
x+1 y+1 z+1
3x
4y
z
1
=
+
+
z+1
x+1 y+1 z+1
S dng bt ng thc AM-GM cho 8 ss
dng ln lt ta c:
1
x2 y 4 z 2
88
x+1
(x + 1)2 (y + 1)4 (z + 1)2
s
1
x3 y 3 z 2
88
y+1
(x + 1)3 (y + 1)3 (z + 1)2
s
1
x3 y 4 z
88
z+1
(x + 1)3 (y + 1)4 (z + 1)
Suy ra:
s
1
1
1
x24 y 32 z 20
9 8
8
(x + 1)3 (y + 1)4 (z + 1)2
(x + 1)24 (y + 1)32 (z + 1)20
Hay l ta c:
89 x3 y 4 z 2 1
x
y
z
1
1
Du "=" xy ra
=
=
= x=y=z=
x+1
y+1
z+1
9
8

1 1 1
Vy h cho c nghim dng duy nht l (x; y; z) =
; ;

8 8 8
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133
19 Gii h phng trnh:
2
xy
y
x
+
=
y+1 x+1
xy + 1
5
3
+
=4
y1
x1
Li gii:
iu kin: x, y > 1 xy > 1
Ta chng minh:
1
1
2
+
x+1 y+1
xy + 1
(x + 1) ( xy + 1) + (y + 1) ( xy + 1) 2 (x + 1) (y + 1)
(x + y) xy + 2 xy x + y + 2xy
(x + y) ( xy 1) + 2 xy (1 xy) 0
2
( xy 1) x y 0
Lun ng xy > 1
Ta c:
2 xy
x
y
+
=
y+1 x+1
xy + 1
2 xy
x
y
+1+
+1=
+2
y+1
x+1
xy + 1

2 2 xy + 1
1
1
(x + y + 1)
+
=
x+1 y+1
xy + 1
Mt khc:
x + y + 1 2 xy + 1
1
1
2
x+1 y+1
xy + 1

2 2 xy + 1
1
1
(x + y + 1)
+
, xy > 1

x+1 y+1
xy + 1
Du bng xy ra khi x = y th vo phng trnh th hai ta c x = y = 5 l nghim ca h.
20 Gii h phng trnh: r
r
2
2
2
2
x + y + x + xy + y = x + y
2
3
x2xy + 5x + 3 = 4xy 5x 3
Li gii:
1
1
1
1
3
Ta c: x2 + xy + y 2 = (x + y)2 + (x2 + y 2 ) (x + y)2 + (x + y)2 = (x + y)2
2
2
2
4
4
v
u3
r
r
r
u (x + y)2
t
x2 + y 2
x2 + xy + y 2
1
2
(x + y) + 4
= |x + y| x + y
2
3
4
3
Du "=" xy ra khi: x = y 0
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134
Thay y = x vo phng trnh th hai ta c:
x 2x2 + 5x + 3 = 4x2 5x 3
2x2 + 5x + 3 + x 2x2 + 5x + 3 6x2 = 0

"
2x2 + 5x + 3 = 3x (v nghim)
2
2x + 5x + 3 = 2x
1
(loi)
x
=
2
2x + 5x + 3 = 0
2
x=3
Vy h phng trnh cho c 1 nghim (x; y) = (3; 3).
22 Gii h phng trnh:
p
3 + 2x2 y x4 y 2 + x4 (1 2x2 ) = y 4 (1)
q
1 + 1 + (x y)2 = x3 (x3 x + 2y 2 ) (2)
Li gii:
Vit li h phng trnh:
( p
4 (x2 y 1)2 = 2x6 x4 + y 4
q
1 + 1 + (x y)2 = x3 (x3 x + 2y 2 )
Ly phng trnh (2) tr (1) ta c:
p
p
4 (x2 y 1)2 1 1 + (x y)2 = (x3 y 2 )2 0
p
p
4 (x2 y 1)2 1 + 1 + (x y)2 (3)
p
p
Ta c 4 (x2 y 1)2 2 1 + 1 + (x y)2 . Do ng thc (3) xy ra x = y = 1
Vy h phng trnh cho c nghim duy nht (x; y) = (1; 1)
23 Gii h phng trnh:
(x 1)y + (y 1)x = 2xy
x2y 2 + y 2x 2 = 2xy
Li gii:
iu kin: x, y 1
Phng trnh th hai tng ng vi:
x1
y1
+
=1
x
y
x1 y1
1
Ta thy rng
,
nn ng thc xy ra x = y = 2.
x
y
2
Thay vo phng trnh th nht ta thy tho mn.
Vy h phng trnh cho c nghim duy nht: (x; y) = (2; 2)
24 Gii h phng trnh:
x2 + 2x 2 = py 2 4y 2
6x y 11 + 10 4x 2x2 = 0
Li gii:
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135
T phng trnh th hai, p dng bt ng thc Cauchy ta c:

p
4(10 4x 2x2 )
4 + 10 4x 2x2
2
y 6x + 11 = 10 4x 2x =
4
4
Thu gn ta c:
2x2 20x + 4y + 30 0 x2 10x + 2y + 15 0
(1)
Tip tc nh vy cho phng trnh th hai ta c:

p
p
1(y 2 4y 2)
y 2 4y 2
x2 + 2x 2 = y 2 4y 2 =
2
2
Thu gn ta c:
2x2 + 4x + y 2 + 4y 3 0
(2)
Ly (1) cng (2) v theo v ta c:

3x2 6x + y 2 + 6y + 12 0 3(x 1)2 + (y + 3)2 0
Nghim ca bt phng trnh trn
l:
x 1 = 0
y + 3 = 0
x = 1
y = 3

25 Tm a h sau c nghim
duy nht:
x2 + 2007 + |y + 1| =a
p
|x| y 2 + 2y + 2007 = 2007 x2 a

Li gii:
+ iu kin cn:
Cng v vi v hai phng trnh ta c:
p
x2 + 2007 + |y + 1| + |x|. y 2 + 2y + 2007 = 2007 x2

Nhn xt:
V T 2007
V P 2007
Suy ra: x = 0 v y = 1
Thay ngc li vo hai phng trnh ban u, suy ra a = 2007

+ iu kin :
Vi a = 2007. Th vo h, : x2 0; |y + 1| 0 suy ra:
2007 = x2 + 2007 + |y + 1| = 2007

Du "=" xy ra khi v ch khi x = 0; y = 1.
Vy a = 2007 l gi tr cn tm.
26 Gii h phng trnh:
x + y xy = 3
(1)
x + 1 + y + 1 = 4 (2)
Li gii:
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136
iu kin: x, y > 0.
T phng trnh (1) ta suy ra:
3 + xy = x + y 2 xy xy 3 ()
Tip tc t phng trnh (2) v bt ng thc Bunhiacopxki ta c:
4= x+1+ y+1 1+1 x+y+2
x + y 6 xy = x + y 3 3 ()
T (*) v (**) suy ra:
x + y = 6
xy = 3
x=y=3
xy = 9
Vy h phng trnh cho c nghim duy nht x = y = 3
27 Gii h phng trnh:
x + y + z = 1
x4 + y 4 + z 4 = xyz
Li gii:
p dng lin tip 2 ln bt ng thc quen thuc: a2 + b2 + c2 ab + bc + ca vi mi a, b, c
Ta s c:
x4 + y 4 + z 4 x2 y 2 + y 2 z 2 + z 2 x2 xy 2 z + xyz 2 + x2 yz = xyz(x + y + z) = xyz
Du "=" xy ta khi x = y = z.
1
Kt hp vi x + y + z = 1 ta suy ra nghim ca h phng trnh cho l: x = y = z =

3
28 Gii h phng trnh:
2002
22003
+ 2z 2
x + y + xy = z
2004
x4 + y 4 = 2z 2
(x + y)z1 = (z + 2004)xy
(1)
(2)
(3)
Li gii:
2004
2z 2
2003
= x4 + y 4 2x2 y 2 xy z 2
()
Ta li c:

(x + y)2 2 x2 + y 2
2

2004
(x + y)4 4 x2 + y 2 4.2 x4 + y 4 = 16z 2
2002
x + y 2z 2
()
T (*) v (**) cho ta:

2003
x + y + xy z 2
2002
+ 2z 2
2002
Du 00 =00 xy ra khi v ch khi: x = y = z 2

(
x=y=z
22002
(2x)z1 = (z + 2004)xy
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x=y=z=1
1
x = y = ;z =
2
22002
2
137

Vy h phng trnh c 3 nghim: (x; y; z) = (1; 1; 1) ,
1 1
; ;
2 2
2002
2

2
29 Gii h phng trnh:
2
2
x + y = y (x + z)
x2 + x + y = 2yz
3x2 + 8y 2 + 8xy + 8yz = 2x + 4z + 2

Li gii:
x (x + y) + y (y + z) = 0 (1)
(I)
(I) x (x + 1) + y (2z + 1) = 0 (2)
4(x + y)2 + 4(y + z)2 = (x + 1)2 + (2z + 1)2 (3)
Trong mt phng ta Oxy chn:

u = (x, y) ;
v = (x + y, y + z) ;
w = (x + 1, 2z + 1)
Khi :
u .
v =0
u .
v = 0 (4)
(I)
u .w = 0
u . w = 0 (5)
2
2
4|
v | = | w | (6)
|
w | = 2 |
v | (6)
Ta xt 2 trng hp sau:
TH1: Nu
u = 0 x = y = 0 (v lc (4) , (5) cng c tha mn) Thay x = y = 0 vo (6),
tc l thay vo (3) v ta c:
1
4z + 2 = 0 z =
2

Do h c nghim: 0; 0; 12
TH2: Nu
u 6= 0 .T (6) ta suy ra
w,
v hoc l cng 6= 0 , hoc l chng cng l vect khng.
a) Nu
w =
v = 0
x+1=0
x = 1
2z + 1 = 0
1
z=
2
x+y =0
z = x = y
y + z = 0
Trng hp ny v nghim
b) Nu
w,
v cng 6= 0 . Khi do (4) , (5) suy ra
w,
v l 2 vect cng phng (v chng cng
vung gc vi u ). Kt hp vi (6) suy ra: w = 2 v w = 2

v
Nu w = 2 v
(
x = 0
x + 1 = 2x + 2y
y = 1
2z + 1 = 2y + 2z
2
Thay x = 0, y = 12 vo (1), ta c: z = 21

Trng hp ny h c nghim: 0; 12 ; 21
Nu
w = 2
v
1 3x
(
y =
x + 1 = 2x 2y
2
3x
2z + 1 = 2y 2z
z =
4
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138
Thay vo (1), ta c:
8x2 = 2(1 + 3x)2 = 7x + 21x2
5x2 + 5x + 2 = 0
Trng hp ny v nghim

Vy h phng trnh c 2 nghim l: (x; y; z) = 0; 0; 21 , 0; 12 ; 21
30 Gii h phng trnh:
1 + 1 + 1 = 2 (1)
x
y
z
2 12 = 4
(2)
xy
z
Li gii:
2
1 1 1
+ +
=4
(1)
x y z

2
1 1 1
2
1
+ +
=
2
x y z
xy z
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
1
2+ 2+ 2+
+
+
=
2
x
y
z
xy yz zx
xy z

1
2
1
2
1
1
+
+
+
+
+
=0
x2 xz z 2
y 2 yz z 2

2
2
1 1
1 1
+
=0
+
+
x z
y z
1
1
=
x
z
1
x = y = z
1
=
y
z

Th vo h ta c nghim: x = 12 , y = 12 , z = 21
Vy h phng trnh cho c 1 nghim l: (x; y; z) =
1 1
; ; 21
2 2

31 Gii h phng trnh:
2009x + 2010y = (x y)
2010y + 2011z = (y z)2
2011z + 2009x = (z x)2

Li gii:
t: a = 2009 > 0
ax + (a + 1) y = (x y)2 (1)
(I)
(a + 1) y + (a + 2) z = (y z)2 (2) (I)
(a + 2) z + az = (z x)2 (3)
2
(yz)
= (x y) (x z)
Ta c: ax = (xy) +(zx)
2
Tng t: (a + 1) y = (y x) (y z) ; (a + 2) z = (z x) (z y)
T y suy ra: ax. (a + 1) y. (a + 2) z = [(x y) (y z) (z x)]2 0
T (I) ta thy tng ca tng cp ax, (a + 1) y, (a + 2) z u khng m, ta s chng minh c ba gi
tr ny u khng m.
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139
Tht vy, gi s ax < 0 x < 0 T (1) v (3), suy ra:

(a + 1) y > 0; (a + 2) z > 0 y, z > 0
hay x y < 0; x z < 0 ax = (x y) (x z) > 0 ( mu thun)
Do : ax 0
Tng t, ta cng c: (a + 1) y 0; (a + 2) z 0
Nhng tch ca ba s ny li khng m nn ta phi c: ax = (a + 1) y = (a + 2) z = 0 x = y =
z=0
Th li thy tha
Vy h phng trnh cho c 1 nghim: (x; y; z) = (0; 0; 0)
32 Gii h phng trnh:
3 3x1
33x
2
3 3x3

3 3x4
= cos (x2 )
= cos (x3 )
= cos (x4 )
= cos (x1 )
Li gii:
Gi s x1 = max (x1 ; x2 ; x3 ; x4 ).
1
Vy nn dn n c iu kin sau: 0 < x1 ; x2 ; x3 ; x4 <
2

Do y = cosx nghch bin trn 0;
nn t cc phng trnh trong h ta c kt qu sau:
2
x2 = min (x1 ; x2 ; x3 ; x4 )
x3 = max (x1 ; x2 ; x3 ; x4 )
x4 = min (x1 ; x2 ; x3 ; x4 )
Th nn h phng trnh cho tr thnh
h:
3 3x = cos (x )
1
2
3 3x2 = cos (x1 )

Ta suy ra c phn tch:
(x1 x2 )
(x1 + x2 )
3 3 (x1 x2 ) = 2 sin
. sin
2
2
Hay cng l:
3 3 (x1 x2 )
(x1 x2 )
(x1 x2 )
sin
(1)
2
2
2
M do gi thit x1 x2 v 3 3 > nn (1) xy ra khi x1 = x2 hay 3 3 = cos (x1 )
Vy nn ta c c phn tch sau: 3 3 cos (x1 ) = 0 (2) V tri ca (2) l mt hm ng

bin nn phng trnh (2) c nhiu nht mt nghim
1
D thy x1 = l nghim ca phng trnh (2)
6
1
Tm li l h phng trnh cho c nghim x1 = x2 = x3 = x4 +
6
33 Gii h phng trnh:
x + y + z = 3
1 1
+ + z1 = 3
x y
x, y, z > 0
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140
Li gii:
Ta c:
x+y+z =3
1 1
+ + z1 = 3
x
y
x, y, z > 0
(I)
1 1
Nhn theo v 2 phng trnh trong h ta c: (x + y + z)( + + z1 ) = 9()
x y
Mt khc, p dng bt ng thc C-S ta c:V T() (1 + 1 + 1)2 = 9 = V P()
Du "=" xy ra khi x=y=z=1
Vy h cho c nghim duy nht (1;1;1).
34 Gii h phng trnh:
3
2
x + 3x + 2x 5 = y
y 3 + 3y 2 + 2y 5 = z
z 3 + 3z 2 + 2z 5 = x
Li gii:
Cng theo v 3 phng trnh cho ta c:
x3 + y 3 + z 3 + 3(x2 + y 2 + z 2 ) + x + y + z = 15()
D thy x=y=z=1 l mt nghim.
Vit li h cho di dng:
(x 1)[(x + 2) + 2] = y 1
(y 1)[(y + 2)2 + 2] = z 1
(z 1)[(z + 2)2 + 2] = x 1
+Nu x > 1 y > 1 z > 1
Khi : VT(*)>15=VP suy ra h phng trnh v nghim.
+Nu x < 1 y < 1 z < 1
Khi VT(*)<15=VP nn h phng trnh cng v nghim.
Vy x = y = z = 1 l nghim duy nht ca h phng trnh cho.
Cch 2:
Vit li h phng trnh :
(x 1)(x + 4x + 6) = y 1
(y 1)(y 2 + 4y + 6) = z 1
(z 1)(z 2 + 4z + 6) = x 1
Trng hp 1: Nu x = 1 y = 1 z = 1. Suy ra (1; 1; 1) l mt nghim.
Trng hp 2: Nu x 6= 1 y 6= 1 z 6= 1. Khi , nhn v theo v ta c:
(x2 + 4x + 6)(y 2 + 4y + 6)(z 2 + 4z + 6) = 1
. iu ny khng th xy ra. Nn h c nghim duy nht k trn.
Vy h phng trnh cho c nghim duy nht (x; y; z) = (1; 1; 1)
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141
35 Cho h phng trnh:
2
2
2
x + xy + y = a
y 2 + yz + z 2 = b2
z 2 + zx + x2 = c2
Vi x; y; z l nghim, a, b, c l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng: x + y + z
ab + bc + ca
Li gii:
+Nu x+y+z < 0 ta c iu phi chng minh.
+Nu x + y + z 0. Bt ng thc cn chng minh tng ng vi:
Pp 2
(x + xy + y 2 ) (y 2 + yz + z 2 )
(x + y + z)2
Trong :
p
Pp 2
(x + xy + y 2 ) (y 2 + yz + z 2 ) = (x2 + xy + y 2 ) (y 2 + yz + z 2 )+
p
p
+ (y 2 + yz + z 2 ) (z 2 + zx + x2 ) + (z 2 + zx + x2 ) (x2 + xy + y 2 )
Mt khc p dng bt ng thc quen thuc:
p
p
p
m21 + n21 + m22 + n22 (m1 + m2 )2 + (n1 + n2 )2
Ta c:
s
2
2

Pp 2
P
y 2
3
z 2
2
2
2
(x + xy + y ) (x + xz + z ) =
x+ 2 + 2 y
x + 2 + 23 z

P
P
[ x + y2 x + z2 + 34 yz] = [x2 + yz + xy
+ xz
]
2
2
= (x + y + z)2
T suy ra iu phi chng minh
36 Cho h phng trnh:
x + 6 xy y = 6
p
x3 + y 3
2(x2 + y 2 ) = 3
x + 6 2
2
x + xy + y
Vi x; y; z l nghim, a, b, c l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng: x + y + z ab + bc + ca

Li gii:
T gi thit ta suy ra xy cng du. Hn na t phng trnh th (2) ta thy nu x, y < 0 th
phng trnh ny v nghim nn suy ra h c nghim khi x, y > 0 Theo bt ng thc AM GM
x+y
ta c : xy
6 = x + 6 xy y x + 3(x + y) y = 4x + 2y 2x + y 3
2
Ta s chng minh:
p
6 (x3 + y 3 )
x+ 2
2 (x2 + y 2 ) 2x + y 3
x + xy + y 2
p
6 (x3 + y 3 )
2
2 (x2 + y 2 ) + x + y (?)
x + xy + y 2
p
Ta c: x + y 2(x2 + y 2 ). chng minh (?) ta s chng minh bt ng thc mnh hn l:
p
6 (x3 + y 3 )
2 2(x2 + y 2 ) (1)
2
2
x + xy + y
http://boxmath.vn/
142
x2 + y 2
Mt khc ta cng c: xy
nn (1) s c chng minh nu ta ch ra c:
2
p
6(x3 + y 3 )
2(x2 + y 2 )
2
2
2
x
+
y
x2 + y 2 +
2
p
2(x3 + y 3 ) (x2 + y 2 ) 2(x2 + y 2 ) x6 + y 6 + 4x3 y 3 3x2 y 2 (x2 + y 2 ) 0 (2)
x
V y > 0 chia hai v cho y 6 t t = > 0 bt ng thc (2) tr thnh.
y
t6 3t4 + 4t3 3t2 + 1 0
Nhng bt ng thc ny hin nhin ng do: t6 3t4 + 4t3 3t2 + 1 = (t 1)2 (t4 + 2t3 + 2t + 1)
Nh vy ta c:
p
6 (x3 + y 3 )
x+ 2
2 (x2 + y 2 ) 3
x + xy + y 2
x, y > 0
Kt hp tt c cc vn va ch ra ta thy ch c b s x, y tha mn iu kin
2x + y = 3
x = y
x = y = 1 l nghim ca h phng trnh.
S dng php th lng gic
1 Gii h phng trnh:
x + p1 y 2 = 1
y + 1 x 2 = 3
Li gii:
1 x 1
iu kin:
1 y 1
t:
h
i
x = sin a ; a ;
2 2
y = cos b ; b [0; ]
H cho tr thnh:
sin a + sin b = 1
cos a + cos b = 3
T h trn ta thy cos
2 sin a + b cos a b = 1
2
2
a+b
ab
2 cos
cos
= 3
2
2
ab
6= 0 nn ta c:
2
a+b
1
tan
= = tan a + b =
2
6
3
3
T ta c:
http://boxmath.vn/
143

sin a + sin
a = 1 2 sin cos a
=1
3
6
6
cos a
=1
6
a =0
6
a=
6
x = sin =
6
2
Vi a = ta c:
6
y = cos = 3
6
2
!
1 3
;

i chiu iu kin tha nn h c nghim (x; y) =
2 2

2 Gii h phng trnh:
x2 + y 2 = 1
2 (x y) (1 + 4xy) = 3
(1)
(2)
Li gii:
T phng
trnh (1) gi cho ta t n ph a v lng gic.
x = sin
t:
( [0; 2])
y = cos
Khi phng trnh (2) c vit li di dng:
(sin cos ) (1 + 2 sin 2) =
6
2
6
sin cos + 2 sin 2 sin 2 sin 2 cos =
2
6
sin cos + cos cos 3 sin 3 sin =
2
6
sin 3 + cos 3 =
2

5
3
cos 3 +
=
= cos
4
2
6
7 k2
=
+
36
3
(k Z)
13 k2
=
+
36
3

7 31 55 11 35 59
V [0; 2] suy ra:
;
;
;
;
;
36 36 36 36
36 36

7 31 55 11 35 59
Vy h c nghim (x; y) = (sin ; cos ) vi

;
;
;
;
;
36 36 36 36 36 36
3 Gii h phng trnh:
z + 2xyz = 1
3x2 y 2 + 3xy 2 = 1 + x3 y 4
z + zy 4 + 4y 3 = 4y + 6y 2 z
(1)
(2)
(3)
Li gii:
http://boxmath.vn/
144
V z = 0 khng l nghim ca h phng trnh nn:

(1) xy =
1 z2
2z

\ {0}
t z = tan () vi ,
2 2
Ta c:
1 z2
1 tan2
xy =
=
= cot 2
2z
2 tan
Thay vo (2) ta c :
3cot2 2 + 3y cot 2 = 1 + ycot3 2 y =
3cot2 2 1
1
=
= tan 6
3
cot 2 3 cot 2
cot 6
Ta suy ra: x = cot 2. cot 6 Thay vo (3) ta c :

z=
4 tan 6 4tan3 6
= tan 24()
1 6tan2 6 + tan4 6
T ()v () ta c:
tan 24 = tan
24 = + k, k Z
k
, kZ
=
23

Vi ,
\ {0} ta thu c:
2 2
=
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
, , , , , , , , ,
,
23 23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
Vy h phng trnh c cc nghim l: (x; y; z) = (cot 2. cot 6; tan 6; tan )
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
vi = , , , , , , , , ,
,

23 23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
4 Gii h phng trnh:
2
2
2z (x + y) + 1 = x y (1)
y 2 + z 2 = 1 + 2xy + 2zx 2yz (2)
y (3x2 1) = 2x (x2 + 1) (3)

V x =
13
Li gii:
khng tha phng trnh (3) nn:
2x (x2 + 1)
3x3 x 2x (x2 + 1)
x3 3x
x
+
y
=
x
+
y
=
3x2 1
3x2 1
3x2 1

t: x = tan , 2 ; 2 \ 6 ; 6 cos 6= 0, cos 3 6= 0
Ta c:
tan3 3 tan
tan + y =
y = tan 3 tan
3tan2 1
(3) y =
http://boxmath.vn/
145
(1) z =
x2 y 2 1
2(x+y)
(do x = y khng tha phng trnh (1) tan 3 6= 0)
(2 tan tan 3) . tan 3 1

2 tan . tan 3 tan2 3 1
=
2 tan 3
2 tan 3

tan 3 + cot 3
1 sin 3 cos 3
z = tan
= tan
+
2
2 cos 3 sin 3
1
z = tan
sin 6
z=
(2) x2 + y 2 + z 2 2xy 2zx + 2yz = 1 + x2

(y + z x)2 = 1 + x2

2
1
tan 3 tan + tan
tan = 1 + tan2
sin 6
2

1
1
sin 3
tan =
cos 3 2 sin 3. cos 3

cos2

2
2sin2 3 1
1
tan =
2 sin 3. cos 3
cos2
2

1
cos 6
+ tan =
sin 6
cos2

2
cos 6. cos + sin 6. sin
1
=
sin 6. cos
cos2

2
cos 5
1
=
sin 6. cos
cos2
cos 5 = sin 6

6
cos 5 = cos
2

cos 5 = cos
6
2

cos 5 = cos
+ 6
2

6 + k2
2

5 =
+ 6 + k2
2
k2
=
+
, = k2
22
11
2
(k Z)
k2
= +
, = k2
22
11
2

3
5
7
Vi: 2 ; 2 \ 6 ; 6 = 22 ; 22 ; 22 ; 22 ; 9
22
Vy h phng
trnh
cho
c
nghim
l:

(x; y; z) = tan ; tan 3 tan ; tan sin16 , = 22

; 3
; 5
; 7
; 9

22
22
22
22
5 =
5 Gii h phng trnh:

3 x + 1 = 4 y + 1 = 5 z + 1 (1)
x
y
z
xy + yz + zx = 1
(2)
http://boxmath.vn/
146
Li gii:
K: xyz 6= 0
Nu (x, y, z) l mt nghim ca h th (x, y, z) cng l mt nghim ca h v t (1) suy ra
x, y, z cng du nn tach cn xt x, y, z dng l .
x = tan

x, y, z R\ {0} t: y = tan , ; ; 0; 2
z = tan
(I)
3 tan +
1
tan

= 4 tan +
1
tan
1
= 5 tan +
tan

(3)
tan tan + tan tan + tan tan = 1 (4)

(3) 3
tan2 + 1
tan2 + 1
tan2 + 1
=4
=5
tan
tan
tan
4
5
3
=
=
(5)
sin 2
sin
sin
(4) tan (tan + tan ) = 1 tan tan

1 tan tan
= cot ( + )
tan + tan
+ + = (6)
2
T (5) v(6), suy ra 2, 2, 2 l cc gc trong mt tam gic vung, c cc cnh l 3, 4, 5
Do : 2 = 2 = 4 tan = 1 = z T ta c:
tan = y =
2
tan = x = 1
3

Vy h phng trnh cho c nghim l: (x; y; z) = 13 ; 12 ; 1 , 31 ; 12 ; 1
tan =
6 Gii h phng trnh:
xy + yz + zx = 1
(1)

1
1
1
= 11 y +
= 2007 z +
(2)
20 x +
x
y
z
Li gii:
iu kin: xyz 6= 0
Nu (x; y; z) l mt nghim ca h th (x; y; z) cng l mt nghim ca h v t (1) suy ra
x, y, z cng du nn ta ch cn xt
x, y, z dng.
x = tan
Vi mi x, y, z R v khc 0, t: y = tan
vi 0 < , , <
z = tan
T h (1)v (2) tr thnh:
tan tan + tan tan + tan tan = 1

(3)

1
1
1
= 11 tan +
= 2007 tan +
(4)
20 tan +
tan
tan
tan
http://boxmath.vn/
147
Ta c:
(3) tan (tan + tan ) = 1 tan tan
1 tan tan
= cot ( + )
tan =
tan + tan
++ =
2
2, 2, 2 l cc gc trong mt tam gic
tan2 + 1
tan2 + 1
tan2 + 1
= 11
= 2007
tan
tan
tan
20
11
2007
=
=
sin 2
sin 2
sin 2
p dng nh l sin ta tnh c ba cnh ca
tam gic c 3 gc 2, 2, 2 l:
a = 20
b = 11
c = 2007
(4) 20
D thy a, b, c khng tha mn bt ng thc trong tam gic do tam gic trn khng tn ti.
Do h cho v nghim
7 Gii h phng trnh:
2 2
2
x y + 2 3xy y = 1
z (yz 2) + y = 0
z 2 x + z 2 + x = 1
(1)
(2)
(3)
Li gii:
T (2) ta c:
yz 2 2z + y = 0 y (z 2 + 1) = 2z y =
2z
+1
z2
T (3) ta c:
1 z2
x (z 2 + 1) = 1 z 2 x =
1 + z2
x = cos a
a
t: z = tan ; a (; )
y = sin a
2
Th vo phng trnh (1) ta c:
cos2 a + 2 3 sin a cos a = sin2 a + 1
cos 2a + 3 sin 2x = 1
1
3
1
cos 2x +
sin 2a =
2
2
2

1
cos 2a
= = cos
3
2
3
"
a = + k
3
a = k

4
V: a (; ) suy ra: a 0; ;
3 3
T ta c:
- Vi a = 0 suy ra: x = 1; y = 0; z = 0
http://boxmath.vn/
148
1
3
; z= 3
- Vi a = suy ra: x = ; y =
3
2
2
1
3
4
suy ra: x = ; y =
; z= 3
- Vi a =
3
2
2
!
3
1
; 3
Vy h cho c nghim (x; y; z) = (1; 0; 0); ;
2
2
!
1 3 3
;
;

2 2 3
8 Gii h phng trnh:
x = y + 2
y2 = z + 2
z 2 = x + 2
Li gii:
D thy x, y, x 2
Gi s: x = M ax(x; y; z)
+Nu x > 2 y > 2 z > 2.
Do x=Max(x;y;z) suy ra x>y nn z 2 = x + 2 > y + 2 = x2 z > x(V L)
+Nu x 2 suy ra x, y, z 2.
t:x = 2 cos a; y = 2 cos b; z = 2 cos c (a; b; c [0; ])
Thay vo h cho d c:
"
b = 2a
b = 2 2a
"
cos
b
=
cos
2a
c = 2b
cos c = cos 2b
c = 2 2b
"
cos a = cos 2c
a = 2c
a = 2 2c
y l h c bn, gii ra vi ch a, b, c [0; ] ta thu c nghim ca h phng trnh cho l
hon v vng quanh ca cc b s sau:
2 2 2 2 4 6
8 2
(a; b; c) = (0; 0; 0) ; 4
;
;
; 3; 3; 3 ; 7; 7; 7
9
9
9
http://boxmath.vn/
149

Tuyen Tap He PT

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1 S dng php bin i i s v php th

2 S dng phng php t n ph

3 S dng phng php hm s

S dng phng php nh gi

S dng php th lng gic

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1 Gii h phng trnh:

= 2y 4 2x4 + 3x4 + 3y 4 + 10x2 y 2

1 = 3x4 + 3y 4 + 10x2 y 2 2y 4 + 2x4

x5 5x4 y + 10x3 y 2 10x2 y 3 + 5xy 4 y 5 = 2 1

3 Gii h phng trnh:

4 Gii h phng trnh:

- Vi x = 6 y, thay vo phng trnh u ta c:

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7 Gii h phng trnh:

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Ly (1) nhn (2) v theo v ta c:

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9 Gii h phng trnh:

10 Gii h phng trnh:

Khi h phng trnh tng ng vi

(3x 2y) (3x + 2y) = 5

log5 3.log5 (3x + 2y) log5 (3x 2y) = log5 3

log5 3 [log5 5 log5 (3x 2y) 1] log5 (3x 2y) = 0

log5 3.log5 (3x 2y) + log5 (3x 2y) = 0

log5 (3x 2y) (log5 3 + 1) = 0

T (3) ta suy ra x > 0. T phng trnh (2) ta suy ra y =

6x + 14x 1 9x8 + 70x4 + 49

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13 Gii h phng trnh:

Ta c phng trnh (1) 2(x + y)2 + 3(x + y) 2 = 0

14 Gii h phng trnh:

Th (3) vo phng trnh (2) ta c:

D thy y = 0 khng phi nghim ca h. Nh vy ta c

Kt lun:Vy h phng trnh c 4 cp nghim

16 Gii h phng trnh:

- Vi x = 2y thay vo phng trnh u ta c

- Vi x = 6y thay vo phng trnh u ta c

Do x2 + (y 1)x + y 2 2y 2 > 0 bi iu kin bi ton nn ta c y = x + 1

Xt hm s f (x) = x2 2 1 x2 trong tp [1; 1]

2 px2 y 4 + 2xy 2 y 4 + 1 = 2(3 2 x)y 2

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19 Gii h phng trnh:

2x2 + 3xy = 3y 13 (1)

21 Gii h phng trnh:

Ly (3) cng (4) vi theo v ta c:

4x2 + y 4 4xy 3 = 1 (1)

Vy h phng trnh c 4 nghim l:

24 Gii h phng trnh:

< 25 x6 5x3 6x2 + 25 > 0

Suy ra trng hp ny h v nghim

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Ta thy f ( 3) = g( 3) x = 3 l nghim duy nht ca phng trnh (3)

Suy ra (4) c nghim duy nht x = 3 y = 2 3

26 Gii h phng trnh:

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Vi tng trng hp, thay vo (1), ta suy ra c cc cp nghim x = 1 ; y = 3

28 Gii h phng trnh:

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x2 (1 2y) = y 2 (4x + 2y) (1)

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