LI GII CHI TIT THI KHI A NM 2010

Mn: HO HC; Khi A

Thi gian lm bi: 90 pht, khng k thi gian pht
M thi 728
Cho bit nguyn t khi (theo vC) ca cc nguyn t:
H = 1; He = 4; Li = 7; Be = 9; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; S = 32; Cl = 35,5; K
= 39; Ca = 40; Cr = 52; Mn = 55; Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Zn = 65; Br = 80; Rb = 85; Sr = 88; Ag = 108; Sn =
119; Cs = 133; Ba = 137; Pb = 207.
I. PHN CHUNG CHO TT C TH SINH (40 cu, t cu 1 n cu 40)
Cu 1: Hn hp M gm ancol no, n chc X v axit cacboxylic n chc Y, u mch h v c
cng s nguyn t C, tng s mol ca hai cht l 0,5 mol (s mol ca Y ln hn s mol ca X). Nu
t chy hon ton M th thu c 33,6 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 25,2 gam H2O. Mt khc, nu un nng
M vi H2SO4 c thc hin phn ng este ho (hiu sut l 80%) th s gam este thu c l
A. 27,36.
B. 22,80.
C. 18,24.
D. 34,20.
Li gii
C: = 1,5: 0,5 = 3 =>X l C3H8O (k1 = 0) v Y c th l CH3CH2COOH (k2 = 1) hoc
CH2=CH-COOH (k2 =2) hoc CHC-COOH (k2 =3)
C: = (1,5 1,4) : 0,5 + 1 = 1,2
1,8 (loi v nX > nY))
X c
k1 = 0
0,8 (tha mn nX < nY)
0,2 mol
1,2
Y c (k2 = 3) 2
1,2
0,3 mol.
Vy Y l CH2=CH-COOH, v nancol < naxit nn hiu sut tnh theo ancol.
C
= 0,2.0,8.114 = 18,24 gam.
Chn C.
Cu 2: t chy hon ton mt este n chc, mch h X (phn t c s lin kt nh hn 3), thu
c th tch kh CO2 bng 6/7 th tch kh O2 phn ng (cc th tch kh o cng iu kin).
Cho m gam X tc dng hon ton vi 200 ml dung dch KOH 0,7M thu c dung dch Y. C cn Y
thu c 12,88 gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 10,56.
B. 6,66.
C. 7,20.
D. 8,88.

Li gii
Vi k = 1, este l CnH2nO2 => neste = (3
- 2 ) : 2 = (3.6 7.2) : 2 = 2 mol (bo ton oxi)
=> Ceste = 6 : 2 = 3
C3H6O2 c 2 ng phn: HCOOC2H5 hoc CH3COOCH3.
Nu l HCOOC2H5 ( x 0,14 mol v KOH c th d).
C mcht rn = mKOH + mmui = 56.(0,14 x) + 84x = 12,88
x = 0,18 (loi)
Nu l CH3COOCH3 (x 0,14 mol)
mcht rn = mKOH + mmui = 56.(0,14 x) + 98x = 12,88 x = 0,12 (tha mn)
m = 0,12.74 = 8,88 gam. (c th s dng tng gim khi lng s nhanh hn)
Chn D.
Cu 3: un nng hn hp kh X gm 0,02 mol C2H2 v 0,03 mol H2 trong mt bnh kn (xc tc Ni),
thu c hn hp kh Y. Cho Y li t t vo bnh nc brom (d), sau khi kt thc cc phn ng,
khi lng bnh tng m gam v c 280 ml hn hp kh Z (ktc) thot ra. T khi ca Z so vi H2 l
10,08. Gi tr ca m l
A. 0,205.
B. 0,585.
C. 0,328.
D. 0,620.
Li gii
C : m =
+
- mZ = 0,02.26 + 0,03.2 0,0125.10,08.2 = 0,328 gam.
Chn C.
Trang 1/6 - M thi 728

Cu 4: Ho tan hon ton 8,94 gam hn hp gm Na, K v Ba vo nc, thu c dung dch X v
2,688 lt kh H2 (ktc). Dung dch Y gm HCl v H2SO4, t l mol tng ng l 4 : 1. Trung ho dung
dch X bi dung dch Y, tng khi lng cc mui c to ra l
A. 13,70 gam.
B. 14,62 gam.
C. 18,46 gam.
D. 12,78 gam.

Li gii
HCl (4x mol) v H2SO4 ( x mol). Ta c n in tch m = ne nhn
4x + 2x = 0,12.2 = 0,24 mol => x = 0,04 mol
mmui = 8,94 + 35,5.4.0,04 + 96.0,04 = 18,46 gam.
Chn C.
+
2+

Cu 5: Cho dung dch X gm: 0,007 mol Na ; 0,003 mol Ca ; 0,006 mol Cl ; 0,006 mol HCO3 v

2+
0,001 mol NO3 . loi b ht Ca trong X cn mt lng va dung dch cha a gam Ca(OH)2.
Gi tr ca a l
A. 0,444.
B. 0,180.
C. 0,222.
D. 0,120.

Li gii
Coi l Ca(HCO3)2 (0,003 mol)
C: Ca(HCO3)2 + Ca(OH)2 2CaCO3 + 2H2O.
Loi b ht Ca2+ th
= 0,003.74 = 0,222 gam.(trong TH ny lm phn t li hay hn c).
Chn C.
Cu 6: Cho cn bng: 2SO2 (k) + O2 (k) 2SO3 (k). Khi tng nhit th t khi ca hn hp kh
so vi H2 gim i. Pht biu ng khi ni v cn bng ny l:
A. Phn ng thun to nhit, cn bng dch chuyn theo chiu nghch khi tng nhit .
B. Phn ng thun thu nhit, cn bng dch chuyn theo chiu nghch khi tng nhit .
C. Phn ng nghch to nhit, cn bng dch chuyn theo chiu thun khi tng nhit .
D. Phn ng nghch thu nhit, cn bng dch chuyn theo chiu thun khi tng nhit .

Li gii
= (2.64 + 1.32) : 3 = 53,33 v
= 80
Khi tng (+) nhit th thy gim => chuyn dch sang tri (chuyn dch theo chiu nghch) (-)
H < 0, theo chiu thun phn ng l phn ng ta nhit => A ng
Chn A.
(c th suy lun lun phn ng trn l phn ng ta nhit, bi a s phn ng thun nghch l phn ng ta
nhit).
Cu 7: Hn hp kh X gm N2 v H2 c t khi so vi He bng 1,8. un nng X mt thi gian trong
bnh kn (c bt Fe lm xc tc), thu c hn hp kh Y c t khi so vi He bng 2. Hiu sut ca
phn ng tng hp NH3 l
A. 50%.
B. 25%.
C. 36%.
D. 40%.

Li gii

N2

28

5,2

1 mol. (

<

7,2

=> hiu sut tnh theo N2)

=> nX = 5 mol.

H2
2
20,8
4 mol
nhn hp Y = mX : 8 = (1.28 + 4.2) : 8 = 4,5 mol =>
= 5 4,5 = 0,5 mol

= 0,5 : 2 = 0,25 mol => HP/ = 0,25 : 1.100% = 25%.

Chn B.
(mo: ta bit hiu sut tng hp NH3 25%) , ta c th chn B trong trng hp thiu thi gian)
Cu 8: Ho tan hon ton m gam ZnSO4 vo nc c dung dch X. Nu cho 110 ml dung dch
KOH 2M vo X th thu c 3a gam kt ta. Mt khc, nu cho 140 ml dung dch KOH 2M vo X th
thu c 2a gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 16,10.
B. 32,20.
C. 17,71.
D. 24,15.

Li gii
Tng s mol KOH th kt ta gim (bi ton thuc dng nghch bin => s xy ra 2TH, TH cng pha v
TH khc pha).
Trang 2/6 - M thi 728

Xt TH cng pha:

= 0,1 mol.

=161.0,1 = 16,1 gam

(Nu khng ra ta lm tip trng hp 2)
Cu 9: Pht biu ng l:
A. Axit nucleic l polieste ca axit photphoric v glucoz.
B. Khi thy phn n cng cc protein n gin s cho hn hp cc -aminoaxit.
C. Enzim amilaza xc tc cho phn ng thy phn xenluloz thnh mantoz.
D. Khi cho dung dch lng trng trng vo Cu(OH)2 thy xut hin phc mu xanh m.

=> Chn A.

Li gii
A sai v axit nucleic l polieste ca axit photphoric vi pentoz (ng 5C)
B ng, thy phn n cng protein n gin thu c hn hp cc -amino axit => Chn B.
C sai enzim amilaza ch dng xc tc cho phn ng thy phn tinh bt (tinh bt cn c tn l amilium,
xut pht t tn m enzim c tn l amil + ui aza) cho mantoz.
D sai phc cht phi c mu tm (dng nhn bit protein).
Cu 10: Cho 4 dung dch: H2SO4 long, AgNO3, CuSO4, AgF. Cht khng tc dng c vi c 4
dung dch trn l
A. NH3.
B. NaNO3.
C. BaCl2.
D. KOH.
Chn B.
26
Cu 11: Nhn nh no sau y ng khi ni v 3 nguyn t: 2613X, 5526 Y, 12 Z?
A. X v Y c cng s ntron.
B. X, Z l 2 ng v ca cng mt nguyn t ho hc.
C. X, Y thuc cng mt nguyn t ho hc.
D. X v Z c cng s khi.
Chn D.
Cu 12: Thu phn hon ton 0,2 mol mt este E cn dng va 100 gam dung dch NaOH 24%, thu
c mt ancol v 43,6 gam hn hp mui ca hai axit cacboxylic n chc. Hai axit l
A. CH3COOH v C2H5COOH.
B. HCOOH v CH3COOH.
C. HCOOH v C2H5COOH.
D. C2H5COOH v C3H7COOH.

Li gii
C nNaOH : neste = 0,6 : 0,2 = 3 => este 3 chc.
C cng thc chung cho 2 mui: COONa => = 43,6 : 0,6 67 = 5,67 => c HCOONa.
V este l 3 chc nn c 2TH xy ra:
TH1: HCOONa chim 0,4 mol v RCOONa (chim 0,2 mol)
R = (43,6 68.0,4) : 0,2 - 67 = 15 => CH3COONa => Chn B.
Cu 13: Tng s cht hu c mch h, c cng cng thc phn t C2H4O2 l
A. 4.
B. 1.
C. 3.
D. 2.

Li gii
C 3 ng phn l HCOOCH3, CH3COOH v HO-CH2-CHO.
Chn C.
Cu 14: t chy hon ton m gam hn hp 3 ancol n chc, thuc cng dy ng ng, thu c
3,808 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 5,4 gam H2O. Gi tr ca m l
A. 7,42.
B. 5,72.
C. 4,72.
D. 5,42.

Li gii
Thy
= 0,3 >
= 0,17 mol => cng thc 3 ancol l CnH2n + 2O
p dng G1: mancol = 14.0,17 + 18.(0,3 0,17) = 4,72 gam.
Chn C.
Cu 15: Cho m gam NaOH vo 2 lt dung dch NaHCO3 nng a mol/l, thu c 2 lt dung dch X. Ly
1 lt dung dch X tc dng vi dung dch BaCl2 (d) thu c 11,82 gam kt ta. Mt khc, cho 1 lt dung
dch X vo dung dch CaCl2 (d) ri un nng, sau khi kt thc cc phn ng thu c 7,0 gam kt ta.
Gi tr ca a, m tng ng l
A. 0,04 v 4,8.
B. 0,14 v 2,4.
C. 0,07 v 3,2.
D. 0,08 v 4,8.
Trang 3/6 - M thi 728

Li gii
3

HCO + OH-
+ H2O v 2HCO
+ CO2 + H2O.
un si dung dch c thm kt ta (0,07 mol > 0,06 mol) => chng t trong dung dch c HCO3- d.
1 lit dung dch X c
= 0,06 mol v
= 2.(0,07 0,06) = 0,02 mol
mNaOH = 2. 0,06.40 = 4,8 gam v a = 2. (0,02 + 0,06) : 2 = 0,08 M.
Chn D.
Cu 16: Thc hin cc th nghim sau:
(I) Sc kh SO2 vo dung dch KMnO4. (II)
Sc kh SO2 vo dung dch H2S.
(III) Sc hn hp kh NO2 v O2 vo nc. (IV)
Cho MnO2 vo dung dch HCl c, nng. (V) Cho
Fe2O3 vo dung dch H2SO4 c, nng. (VI) Cho
SiO2 vo dung dch HF.
S th nghim c phn ng oxi ho - kh xy ra l
A. 3.
B. 4.
C. 6.
D. 5.

Li gii
(I) SO2 + KMnO4 + H2O H2SO4 + K2SO4+ MnSO4
(II) SO2 + H2S S + H2O.
(III) NO2 + O2 + H2O HNO3
(IV) MnO2 + HCl MnCl2 + H2O + Cl2
Chn B.
Cu 17: Cho 0,15 mol H2NC3H5(COOH)2 (axit glutamic) vo 175 ml dung dch HCl 2M, thu c
dung dch X. Cho NaOH d vo dung dch X. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, s mol NaOH
phn ng l
A. 0,55.
B. 0,70.
C. 0,65.
D. 0,50.

Li gii
Bn cht l

=> nNaOH = 2naxit glutamic + nHCl = 0,15.2 + 0,175.2 = 0,65 mol.

Chn C.
Cu 18: Trong s cc cht: C3H8, C3H7Cl, C3H8O v C3H9N; cht c nhiu ng phn cu to nht l
A. C3H8.
B. C3H8O.
C. C3H7Cl.
D. C3H9N.

Li gii
C3H8 c 1 ng phn, C3H7Cl c 2 ng phn, C3H8O c 3 ng phn, C3H9N c 4 ng phn.
(Ngoi ra khng cn vit ng phn ta c th xc nh nhanh nh sau: khi gc chc c ha tr cng
ln th s c cng nhiu ng phn => N ha tr 3 cao nht, s c nhiu ng phn nht).
Chn D.
Cu 19: Cho 19,3 gam hn hp bt gm Zn v Cu c t l mol tng ng l 1 : 2 vo dung dch cha
0,2 mol Fe2(SO4)3. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c m gam kim loi. Gi tr ca m l
A. 12,80.
B. 12,00.
C. 6,40.
D. 16,53.

Li gii
D thy: 2nZn = 2.0,1 = 0,2 mol <
= 0,4 mol < 2nZn + 2nCu = 0,6 mol.
3+
Fe ha tan ht Zn v ang xy ra phn ng vi Cu th Fe3+ ht (Cu d)
mCu = (2nZn + 2nCu ) : 2. 64 = (0,6 0,4) : 2.64 = 6,4 gam.
Chn C.
Cu 20: Trong s cc pht biu sau v phenol (C6H5OH):
(1) Phenol tan t trong nc nhng tan nhiu trong dung dch HCl.
(2) Phenol c tnh axit, dung dch phenol khng lm i mu qu tm. (3)
Phenol dng sn xut keo dn, cht dit nm mc.
(4) Phenol tham gia phn ng th brom v th nitro d hn benzen. Cc
pht biu ng l:
A. (2), (3), (4).
B. (1), (2), (3).
C. (1), (2), (4).
D. (1), (3), (4).

Li gii
(1) sai phenol tan t trong nc lnh v khng xy ra phn ng vi HCl (do c tnh axit yu) nn khng tan
trong dung dch HCl (to phn lp) => loi (1)
Chn A.
Trang 4/6 - M thi 728

Cu 21: Axeton c iu ch bng cch oxi ho cumen nh oxi, sau thu phn trong dung dch
H2SO4 long. thu c 145 gam axeton th lng cumen cn dng (gi s hiu sut qu trnh iu
ch t 75%) l
A. 400 gam.
B. 300 gam.
C. 600 gam.
D. 500 gam.

Li gii

Cumen (isopropyl benzen c CTPT l C9H12) v axeton l CH3COCH3

mCumen = 145 : 58 : 0,75. 120 = 400 gam.
Chn A.
Cu 22: C bao nhiu tripeptit (mch h) khc loi m khi thy phn hon ton u thu c 3
aminoaxit: glyxin, alanin v phenylalanin?
A. 6.
B. 9.
C. 3.
D. 4.

Li gii

C th c cc sp nh sau: A-B-C; A-C-B, 3 amino axit c vai tr nh nhau nn ta c 2.3 = 6 ng phn.

Chn A.
Cu 23: Anken X hp nc to thnh 3-etylpentan-3-ol. Tn ca X l
A. 3-etylpent-1-en.
B. 3-etylpent-3-en.
C. 3-etylpent-2-en.
D. 2-etylpent-2-en.

Li gii
CH3CH=C-CH2-CH3
(3-etylpent-2-en) + H2O CH3CH2-C(OH)-C2H5
CH2-CH3
Chn C.
C2H5
Cu 24: Cho cc cht: NaHCO3, CO, Al(OH)3, Fe(OH)3, HF, Cl2, NH4Cl. S cht tc dng c vi
dung dch NaOH long nhit thng l
A. 6.
B. 4.
C. 5.
D. 3.

Li gii
Cc cht phn ng vi dung dch NaOH nhit thng l NaHCO3, Al(OH)3, HF, Cl2, NH4Cl.
Chn C.
Cu 25: Mt phn t saccaroz c
A. hai gc -glucoz.
B. mt gc -glucoz v mt gc -fructoz.
C. mt gc -glucoz v mt gc -fructoz.
D. mt gc -glucoz v mt gc -fructoz.
Chn D.
Cu 26: Cho 7,1 gam hn hp gm mt kim loi kim X v mt kim loi kim th Y tc dng ht
vi lng d dung dch HCl long, thu c 5,6 lt kh (ktc). Kim loi X, Y l
A. natri v magie.
B. kali v canxi.
C. liti v beri.
D. kali v bari.

Li gii
C

= mkl : ne nhn. n = 7,1 : (0,25. 2). n = 14,2n => 14,2 < < 28,2 => Chn A (loi B, C, D).
Chn A.
+
Cu 27: Dung dch X c cha: 0,07 mol Na ; 0,02 mol SO 4 2- , v x mol OH - . Dung dch Y c cha
ClO4- v NO3- v y mol H+, tng s mol ClO4- v NO3- l 0,04 mol. Trn X v Y c 100 ml dung dch Z.
Dung dch Z c pH l
A. 1.
B. 12.
C. 13.
D. 2.

Li gii
p dng nh lut bo ton in tch:
= y = 0,04 mol; x =
= 0,07 2.0,02 = 0,03 mol => sau phn ng H+ d 0,01 mol
=> pH = -log(0,01 : 0,1) = 1
Chn A.
Cu 28: Hn hp kh X gm imetylamin v hai hirocacbon ng ng lin tip. t chy hon
ton 100 ml hn hp X bng mt lng oxi va , thu c 550 ml hn hp Y gm kh v hi nc.
Nu cho Y i qua dung dch axit sunfuric c (d) th cn li 250 ml kh (cc th tch kh v hi o
cng iu kin). Cng thc phn t ca hai hirocacbon l
A. C2H6 v C3H8.
B. CH4 v C2H6.
C. C3H6 v C4H8.
D. C2H4 v C3H6.

Li gii

X gm
v C2H7N. D dng c = 2.(550-250):100 = 6 => < 6 v H (ca C2H7N) > 6
Loi A v C.
Mt khc c
= 250 : 100 = 2,5. t chy C2H7N th c CO2 + N2 = 2,5
t chy
th c CO2 + N2 =
=> = 2,5
Chn D.
Cu 29: C cc pht biu sau:
(1) Lu hunh, photpho u bc chy khi tip xc vi CrO3.
3+
5
(2) Ion Fe c cu hnh electron vit gn l [Ar]3d .
(3) Bt nhm t bc chy khi tip xc vi kh clo.
(4) Phn chua c cng thc l Na2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O.
Cc pht biu ng l:
A. (2), (3), (4).
B. (1), (2), (4).
C. (1), (3), (4).
D. (1), (2), (3).

Li gii

Phn chua phi l mui kp ca Al3+ v K+ khng th l Na+, Li+, NH4+ (cc loi phn ny gi l phn
nhm) => loi (4)
Chn D.
Cu 30: Cho cc loi t: bng, t capron, t xenluloz axetat, t tm, t nitron, nilon-6,6. S t tng
hp l
A. 5.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 2.
Li gii
T tng hp l t khng c ngun gc t xenlulozo. l t capron, t nitronm nilon-6,6.
Chn B.
Cu 31: Cho s chuyn ha:
Triolein + H2 d (Ni, to) X + NaOH d (to) Y + HCl Z
Tn ca Z l
A. Axit panmitic.
B. Axit stearic.
C. Axit oleic.
D. Axit linoleic.
Li gii
Triolein l (C17H33COO)3C3H5 + H2 d => (C17H35COO)3C3H5 => Z ch c th l axit stearic.
Chn B.
Cu 32: Hn hp kh no sau y khng tn ti nhit thng?
A. H2 v F2.
B. H2S v N2.
C. CO v O2.
D. Cl2 v O2.
Li gii
H2 v F2 phn ng mnh lit ngay c trong bng ti do khng th tn ti iu kin thng.
Chn A.
Cu 33: Cc nguyn t t Li n F, theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn th
A. bn knh nguyn t v m in u gim.
B. bn knh nguyn t gim, m in tng. C.
bn knh nguyn t v m in u tng. D.
bn knh nguyn t tng, m in gim.
Li gii
T Li n F th tnh kim loi gim => bn knh nguyn t gim => tnh phi kim tng => m in tng.
Chn B.
Cu 34: Cho s chuyn ha:
C3H6 + Br2 X + NaOH Y + CuO (to) Z + O2, xt T + CH3OH, to, xt E (Este a chc)
Tn gi ca Y l
A. Propan-1,2-iol.
B. Propan-2-ol.
C. Glixerol.
D. Propan-1,3-iol.
Li gii
C3H6 l (Xiclopropan) + Br2 CH2Br-CH2-CH2Br (X) CH2(OH)-CH2-CH2(OH) (Y)
Chn D.

Cu 35: Nung nng tng cp cht sau trong bnh kn: (1) Fe + S (r), (2) Fe2O3 + CO (k), (3) Au + O2 (k),
(4) Cu + Cu(NO3)2 (r), (5) Cu + KNO3 (r), (6) Al + NaCl (r). Cc trng hp xy ra phn ng oxi ho kim
loi l:
A. (1), (3), (6).
B. (1), (4), (5).
C. (2), (5), (6).
D. (2), (3), (4).
Li gii
Phn ng oxi ha kim loi th phi c kim loi tham gia phn ng => loi (2) => loi C v D.
Au khng b oxi ha bi oxi (nu b oxi ha bi oxi th ai di g mua vng v eo) => loi (3)
Chn B.
Cu 36: Cho x mol Fe tan hon ton trong dung dch cha y mol H2SO4 (t l x : y = 2 : 5), thu c
mt sn phm kh duy nht v dung dch ch cha mui sunfat. S mol electron do lng Fe trn
nhng khi b ho tan l
A. 2x.
B. 2y.
C. y.
D. 3x.
Li gii
Chon x = 2 mol, y = 5 mol.
ne nhng to mui Fe (II) = 2.2 = 4 mol, ne nhng to mui Fe (III) = 2.3 = 6 mol.
Sn phm kh c th l SO2, H2S, S, H2. T duy nhanh ta nn chn SO2.
4 H+ +
+ 2e SO2 + 2H2O.
10
5
V sau phn ng H2SO4 ht, Fe ht nn ne nhng do to mui Fe (II) ne nhn ne nhng do to mui Fe (III)
Vy thy sn phm kh SO2 tha mn => ne nhn = 5 = y = 2,5x = ne nhng
Chn C.
(trong gii t lun ta phi i tm sn phm kh, nhng khi lm trc ngim th khng nn i tm v
gii bt phng trnh s lu hn)
Cu 37: Phn ng in phn dung dch CuCl2 (vi in cc tr) v phn ng n mn in ho xy ra
khi nhng hp kim Zn-Cu vo dung dch HCl c c im l:
A. Phn ng cc m c s tham gia ca kim loi hoc ion kim loi.
B. Phn ng xy ra lun km theo s pht sinh dng in.
C. u sinh ra Cu cc m.

D. Phn ng cc dng u l s oxi ho Cl .

Li gii
Vi in phn dung dch CuCl2 th cc m: Cu2+ + 2e Cu (kh Cu2+ to Cu)
cc dng Cl- Cl2 + 2e (oxi ha Cl- to Cl2)
phn ng khng pht sinh dng in
Vi n mn in ha: cc m Zn Zn2+ + 2e (Zn tan ra)
cc dng Cu th H+ + e H2 (e di chuyn t Zn sang) (to kh cc dng)
phn ng pht sinh dng in v c s chuyn di ca e.
Vy c hai phn ng u c s tham gia ca kim loi hoc ion kim loi ti cc m.
Chn A.
Cu 38: Oxi ho ht 2,2 gam hn hp hai ancol n chc thnh anehit cn va 4,8 gam CuO.
Cho ton b lng anehit trn tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c 23,76
gam Ag. Hai ancol l:
A. C2H5OH, C2H5CH2OH.
B. CH3OH, C2H5CH2OH.
C. C2H5OH, C3H7CH2OH.
D. CH3OH, C2H5OH.
Li gii
nhn hp ancol = 4,8 : 80 = 0,06 mol => = 0,22 : 0,06 =3,67 => CH3OH (x mol) v ancol cn li l
RCH2OH ( y mol). C h phng trnh

c 32.0,05 + M.0,01 = 2,2 => M = 60 (vC) => Y l CH3CH2CH2OH

Chn B.
Cu 39: Pht biu no sau y ng?
A. Cc kim loi: natri, bari, beri u tc dng vi nc nhit thng.
B. Kim loi magie c kiu mng tinh th lp phng tm din.
C. Theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn, cc kim loi kim th (t beri n bari) c nhit

nng chy gim dn.

D. Kim loi xesi c dng ch to t bo quang in.
Li gii
D dng nhn thy D ng v trong vt l ta bit Xesi c dng lm t bo quang in.
A sai v Be khng phn ng nc nhit thng.
B sai v Mg c kiu mng tinh th lc phng.
C. sai v do cu trc mng tinh th ca nhm IIA khng ging nhau nn nhit nng chy khng tun
hon
Chn D.
Cu 40: Pht biu khng ng l:
A. Kim cng, than ch, fuleren l cc dng th hnh ca cacbon.
B. Hiro sunfua b oxi ho bi nc clo nhit thng.
C. Trong cng nghip, photpho c sn xut bng cch nung hn hp qung photphorit, ct v
o
than cc 1200 C trong l in.
D. Tt c cc nguyn t halogen u c cc s oxi ho: -1, +1, +3, +5 v +7 trong cc hp cht.
Li gii
Trong nhm halogen F ch c 1 mc oxi ha duy nht l -1 => D sai
Chn D.
II. PHN RING [10 cu]
Th sinh ch c lm mt trong hai phn (phn A hoc B)
A. Theo chng trnh Chun (10 cu, t cu 41 n cu 50)
Cu 41: in phn (vi in cc tr) mt dung dch gm NaCl v CuSO4 c cng s mol, n khi
catot xut hin bt kh th dng in phn. Trong c qu trnh in phn trn, sn phm thu c
anot l
A. ch c kh Cl2.
B. kh Cl2 v H2.
C. kh Cl2 v O2.
D. kh H2 v O2.
Li gii
Hn hp in phn gm 1 mol NaCl v 1 mol CuSO4, Sp xp li l CuCl2 (0,5 mol) v CuSO4 (0,5 mol),
Na2SO4 (0,5 mol, bn cht in phn nc).
CuCl2 Cl2 ( anot)
CuSO4 O2 ( anot)
Chn C.
(Ch : H2 ch xut hin bn catot)
Cu 42: Cho m gam hn hp etanal v propanal phn ng hon ton vi lng d dung dch AgNO3
trong NH3, thu c 43,2 gam kt ta v dung dch cha 17,5 gam mui amoni ca hai axit hu c.
Gi tr ca m l
A. 10,2.
B. 10,9.
C. 14,3.
D. 9,5.
Li gii
nhn hp andehit = nAg : 2 = 0,2 mol
RCHO RCOOH4N
p dng tng gim khi lng m = 17,5 (62-29).0,2 = 10,9 gam.
Chn B.
Cu 43: Nh t t tng git n ht 30 ml dung dch HCl 1M vo 100 ml dung dch cha Na2CO3
0,2M v NaHCO3 0,2M, sau phn ng thu c s mol CO2 l
A. 0,015.
B. 0,010.
C. 0,020.
D. 0,030.
Li gii
=
= 0,03 - 0,02 =0,01mol
Chn B.
Cu 44: Cht c dng ty trng giy v bt giy trong cng nghip l
A. CO2.
B. SO2.
C. NO2.
D. N2O.
Chn B.
Cu 45: t chy hon ton mt lng hirocacbon X. Hp th ton b sn phm chy vo dung
dch Ba(OH)2 (d) to ra 29,55 gam kt ta, dung dch sau phn ng c khi lng gim 19,35 gam

so vi dung dch Ba(OH)2 ban u. Cng thc phn t ca X l

A. C3H6.
B. C2H6.
C. C3H8.
D. C3H4.
Li gii
= 0,15 mol =>
= (29,55-19,35 44.0,15) : 18 = 0,2 mol => X l ankan
C=
:(
) = 0,15 : ( 0,2 0,15) = 3 => X l C3H8.
Chn C.
Cu 46: Trong phn ng: K2Cr2O7 + HCl CrCl3 + Cl2 + KCl + H2O
S phn t HCl ng vai tr cht kh bng k ln tng s phn t HCl tham gia phn ng. Gi tr
ca k l
A. 3/14.
B. 1/7.
C. 3/7.
D. 4/7.
Li gii
K2Cr2O7 + 14HCl 2CrCl3 + 2KCl + 3Cl2 + 7H2O
Vy k = (3.2) : 14 = 3/7.
Chn C.
Cu 47: Hn hp X gm 1 mol aminoaxit no, mch h v 1 mol amin no, mch h. X c kh nng
phn ng ti a vi 2 mol HCl hoc 2 mol NaOH. t chy hon ton X thu c 6 mol CO2, x mol
H2O v y mol N2. Cc gi tr x, y tng ng l
A. 7 v 1,0.
B. 7 v 1,5.
C. 8 v 1,5.
D. 8 v 1,0.
Li gii
Cng thc tng qut chung cho amin no, aminoaxit l CnH2n + 2 2k + tNtO2k (v gc no).
k = nNaOH : nX = 2 : 2 = 1, v t = nHCl : nX = 2 : 2 = 1 => CTTQ l CnH2n + 2 2.1 + 1NO2 ( 2 mol)

=
+ (2- 2 + 1) : 2.nX = 6 + 0,5.2 = 7 mol, v
= 0,5.nX = 0,5.2 = 1 mol.
Chn B.
Cu 48: T 180 gam glucoz, bng phng php ln men ru, thu c a gam ancol etylic (hiu
sut 80%). Oxi ho 0,1a gam ancol etylic bng phng php ln men gim, thu c hn hp X.
trung ho hn hp X cn 720 ml dung dch NaOH 0,2M. Hiu sut qu trnh ln men gim l
A. 10%.
B. 80%.
C. 90%.
D. 20%.

Li gii

nancol etylic thu c sau phn ng ln men ru = 180 : 180.2.0,8 = 1,6 mol.
nancol etylic ln men gim = naxit = 0,72.0,2 = 0,144 mol
Hiu sut l 0,144 : 0,16. 100% = 90%.
Chn C.
Cu 49: Cc cht va tc dng c vi dung dch HCl va tc dng c vi dung dch AgNO3 l:
A. Zn, Cu, Fe.
B. MgO, Na, Ba.
C. CuO, Al, Mg.
D. Zn, Ni, Sn.

Chn D.

Cu 50: Hn hp gm 0,1 mol mt axit cacboxylic n chc v 0,1 mol mui ca axit vi kim
loi kim c tng khi lng l 15,8 gam. Tn ca axit trn l
A. axit etanoic.
B. axit propanoic.
C. axit metanoic.
D. axit butanoic.

Li gii

RCOOH (0,1 mol), RCOOM (0,1 mol)

R + 45 + R + 44 + M = 158 => 2R + M = 69 => M = 39 (K) v R = 15 => axit etanoic.
Chn A.
B. Theo chng trnh Nng cao (10 cu, t cu 51 n cu 60)
Cu 51: Hiro ho cht hu c X thu c (CH3)2CHCH(OH)CH3. Cht X c tn thay th l
A. 3-metylbutan-2-on.
B. 2-metylbutan-3-on.
C. 3-metylbutan-2-ol.
D. metyl isopropyl xeton.

Li gii

X c cng thc l (CH3)2CH-CO-CH3, Tn thay th ca X l 2-metylbutan-3-on.

Chn B.
Cu 52: t chy hon ton V lt hi mt amin X bng mt lng oxi va to ra 8V lt hn hp
gm kh cacbonic, kh nit v hi nc (cc th tch kh v hi u o cng iu kin). Amin X tc
dng vi axit nitr nhit thng, gii phng kh nit. Cht X l

A. CH3-CH2-NH-CH3.
C. CH2=CH-CH2-NH2.

B. CH3-CH2-CH2-NH2.
D. CH2=CH-NH-CH3.

Li gii

Amin X tc dng vi HNO2 thu c kh => X l amin bc 1 => loi A v D.

B c cng thc l C3H9N ta thy t chy 1mol cht ny sau phn ng thu c
3 mol CO2 + 4,5 mol H2O+ 0,5 mol N2 = 8 mol=> Chn B.
Cu 53: Cho m gam hn hp bt X gm ba kim loi Zn, Cr, Sn c s mol bng nhau tc dng ht vi
lng d dung dch HCl long, nng thu c dung dch Y v kh H2. C cn dung dch Y thu c
8,98 gam mui khan. Nu cho m gam hn hp X tc dng hon ton vi O2 (d) to hn hp 3
oxit th th tch kh O2 (ktc) phn ng l
A. 1,008 lt.
B. 2,016 lt.
C. 0,672 lt.
D. 1,344 lt.

Li gii

+
+
= 8,98
449x = 8,98 => x = 0,02 mol
Khi phn ng vi Oxi th Cr ln +3, Sn ln +4 => 2nZn + 3nCr + 4nSn = 4
=> V = (2 + 3 + 4).0,02 : 4.22,4 = 1,008 lit.
Chn A.
Cu 54: Tch nc hn hp gm ancol etylic v ancol Y ch to ra 2 anken. t chy cng s mol
mi ancol th lng nc sinh ra t ancol ny bng 5/3 ln lng nc sinh ra t ancol kia. Ancol Y
l
A. CH3-CH(OH)-CH3.
B. CH3-CH2-CH(OH)-CH3.
C. CH3-CH2-CH2-OH.
D. CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-OH.

Li gii

C2H6O => 3H2O => Y l C4H10O => 5H2O.

Y tch nc c 2 anken => CTCT Y l CH3-CH2-CH(OH)CH3
Chn B.
Cu 55: Trong s cc ngun nng lng: (1) thy in, (2) gi, (3) mt tri, (4) ho thch; nhng
ngun nng lng sch l:
A. (1), (2), (4).
B. (2), (3), (4).
C. (1), (3), (4).
D. (1), (2), (3).

Chn D.

Cu 56: Cho 0,448 lt kh NH3 (ktc) i qua ng s ng 16 gam CuO nung nng, thu c cht rn
X (gi s phn ng xy ra hon ton). Phn trm khi lng ca Cu trong X l
A. 12,37%.
B. 14,12%.
C. 85,88%.
D. 87,63%.

Li gii

Bi ton yu cu tnh % khi lng ca Cu, chng t CuO d

nCu = 3
: 2 = 0,02.3 : 2 = 0,03 mol
nCuO = 0,2 0,03 = 0,17 mol => %mCu = 0,03.64 : (16 0,03.16) .100% = 12,37%.
Chn A.
o
Cu 57: Xt cn bng: N2O4 (k) 2NO2 (k) 25 C. Khi chuyn dch sang mt trng thi cn bng
mi nu nng ca N2O4 tng ln 9 ln th nng ca NO2
A. gim 3 ln.
B. tng 4,5 ln.
C. tng 9 ln.
D. tng 3 ln.
2

Li gii

[NO2] = [N2O4]. Khi tng N2O4 ln 9 ln th [NO2] tng 3 ln.

Chn D.
Cu 58: Trong cc polime sau: (1) poli(metyl metacrylat); (2) polistiren; (3) nilon-7; (4) poli(etylenterephtalat); (5) nilon-6,6; (6) poli(vinyl axetat), cc polime l sn phm ca phn ng trng ngng
l:
A. (1), (3), (6).
B. (1), (2), (3).
C. (1), (3), (5).
D. (3), (4), (5).

Li gii

(1) poli metyl metacrylat l sn phm ca phn ng trng hp (CH2=CH(CH3)-COOCH3) => loi (1)
=> loi A, B, C.
Chn D.
Cu 59: in phn (in cc tr) dung dch X cha 0,2 mol CuSO4 v 0,12 mol NaCl bng dng
in c cng 2A. Th tch kh (ktc) thot ra anot sau 9650 giy in phn l

A. 1,792 lt.

B. 2,240 lt.

C. 1,344 lt.

Li gii

D. 2,912 lt.

ne nhn = It : 96500 = 2.9650 : 96500 = 0,2 mol.

Sp xp li ta c CuCl2 (0,06 mol), CuSO4 (0,14 mol), Na2SO4
CuCl2 Cl2 (0,06 mol) => ne nhn = 0,12 mol => ne nhn cn li = 0,2 0,12 = 0 ,08 mol.
CuSO4 O2 ( x mol) => 4x = 0,08 => x = 0,02 mol
V = (0,06 + 0,02).22,4 = 1,792 lit.
Chn A.
Cu 60: Cho hn hp X gm ancol metylic v hai axit cacboxylic (no, n chc, k tip nhau trong
dy ng ng) tc dng ht vi Na, gii phng ra 6,72 lt kh H2 (ktc). Nu un nng hn hp X (c
H2SO4 c lm xc tc) th cc cht trong hn hp phn ng va vi nhau to thnh 25 gam hn
hp este (gi thit phn ng este ho t hiu sut 100%). Hai axit trong hn hp X l
A. HCOOH v CH3COOH.
B. CH3COOH v C2H5COOH.
C. C3H7COOH v C4H9COOH.
D. C2H5COOH v C3H7COOH.
Li gii
CH3OH + COOH H2O + COOCH3.
Phn ng este l phn ng va nn naxit = nancol = (2.
) : 2 = 0,3 mol
= 25 : 0,3 59 =24,33 => 2 axit l CH3COOH v C2H5COOH.
Chn B.