Vt l lp 12

CNG THC TNH NHANH KHI LM BI TP TRC NGHIM

I.CON LC L XO: k m 1 k , T = 2 , f = = m k 2 m v2 1.Cng thc c lp: x 2 + 2 = A2 Li x -A Vn tc v 0 Gia tc a +2A Lc hi phc kA 2. nh lut bo ton c nng: 3.Tm pha ban u ng vi thi im t= 0: * Ti v tr cn bng: x=0 , v>0 = v<0 = *Ti v tr bin * Ti v tr bt k c li x = A = 0 x = A =

T tm v, A hoc x ti cc thi im 0 A 0 0 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 mv + kx = mv0 max = kA 2 2 2 2 2 +A 0 +2A kA

x = x 0 , v = v0 Tan =

v 0 x 0

4..Lc tc dng ln gi , dy treo: - Con lc l xo nm ngang: F = Kl = Kx - Con lc l xo thng ng: F = K (l 0 x) ; lc n hi: Cc i khi x=+A F = K (l 0 A) , Cc tiu : +nu A < l 0 th x= -A + nu A > l 0 th x = l 0 (l xo ko bin dng ) F=0

Su Tm

Vt l lp 12

III.SNG C- GIAO THOA SNG DNG: v 2 2d = vT = = v lch pha: = f *V tr cc i : d 2 d1 = k.(k = 1,2,3,.........) , khi A= 2a 1 *V tr cc tiu : d 2 d1 = ( k + ).(k = 1,2,3,.........) , khi A= 0 2 1.Xc nh trng thi dao ng ca 1 im M trong min giao thoa gia 2 sng: d d1 = k nguyn th M dao ng vi Ama x, nu k l M ko dao ng A=0 Xt: 2 2.Biu thc sng tng hp ti M trong min giao thoa: (d 2 d1 ) (d1 + d 2 ) u = AM cos(t + ) vi: AM = 2a cos v = 3.Tm s im dao ng cc i, cc tiu trong min giao thoa: SS SS *Cc i: 1 2 k 1 2 ( k c S1, S2) SS SS 1 1 * Cc tiu: 1 2 < k < 1 2 Ch ly k nguyn 2 2 4. V tr im bng, nt: SS SS 1 d1 = 1 2 + k d1 = 1 2 + (k + ) Bng: Nt: iu kin: 0 d1 S1 S 2 2 2 2 2 2 5.iu kin c sng dng: a.Hai u c nh; 2l Chiu di: l = k s mi sng k= , s bng k, s nt (k+1) 2 v v v f =k Tn s: = l = k f 2f 2l 1 a.Mt u c nh; Chiu di: l = (k + ) , s bng ( k+1), s nt (k+1) 2 2

Su Tm

Vt l lp 12

IV.DNG IN XOAY CHIU: 1.Nu i = I 0 cos(t ) u = U 0 cos(t + ) v ngc li; ta lun c I = I0 2 ;U = U0 2 Cng sut P=UI=RI2 P=0 P=0

2.nh lut Ohm cho cc loi on mch: on mch Ch c R Ch c L Ch c C RLC in tr R Z L = L ZL = 1 C L Ohm I0 = I0 = I0 = U0 U ,I = R R U0 U ,I = ZL ZL lch pha u / i Gin vc t

=0 2 = 2 Z ZC tan = L , R R cos = Z Z tan = L , R R cos = Z Z tan = C , R R cos = Z = 2 =

Z = R 2 + (Z L Z C ) 2

U0 U ,I = Zc Zc U U I0 = 0 , I = Z Z

P=UIcos =RI2

RL

2 Z = R2 + ZL

I0 =

U0 U ,I = Z Z

P=UIcos = RI2

RC

2 Z = R2 + ZC

I0 =

U0 U ,I = Z Z

P=UIcos = RI2

LC

Z = Z L ZC

I0 =

U0 U ,I = Z Z

P=0

3.Xc nh lch pha gia 2 hdt tc thi u1, u2: u1 / u 2 = u1 / i u 2 / i tan 1 tan 2 = 1 * Hai on mch vung pha : 4.Mch RLC tm k I max ; u,i cng pha ; hoc cos =max: Z L = Z C hay Nu mc thm t C th t trn tm Ctd nu Ctd> C ghp song song, ngc li U L UC 2 2 5.Tm Um : U = U R + (U L U C ) , tan = UR 6.Tm iu kin P=max: U2 U2 = * Khi R thay i: R = Z L Z C , Pmax = 2R 2 Z L Z C 1 1 U2 ,L = lc Pmax = L 2 C 2 R 2 R2 + ZL C 7.Tm k Uc t max khi C thay i: Z C = ZL * Nu tm UL khi L thay i th thay C bng L * Khi L hoc C thay i: C =
Su Tm

LC 2 = 1

Vt l lp 12

V.MY BIN TH- MC TI: 1.Mc sao: Ud= 3U p nu ti i xng Iti = Up Z tai

2 Cng sut tiu th mi ti P = U p I t cos t = Rt I t U 2 N 2 I1 = = 2.My bin th: R=0 ta lun c; U 1 N1 I 2 VI. MCH DAO NG LC:

Cc i lng c trng Phng trnh vi phn Tn s gc ring Nghim ca pt vi phn Chu k ring Nng lng dao ng T Wd , Wt dao ng vi tn s f=2f, chu k T= 2

q, i=q , L , C q"+ 1 q = 0 q"+ 2 q = 0 LC

1 LC

q = Q0 cos(t + ) T = 2 LC 1 2 1 2 1 q = Cu = qu 2C 2 2 1 2 Wd = Li 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 W = q + Li = Q0 = LI 0 2C 2 2C 2 Wd = vi *

1.Biu thc cng dng in: i = Q0 cos(t + ) i = I 0 cos(t + ) I 0 = Q0 = * Q0 = CU 0 ; Q0 LC = U0 C L Q0 I0 1 , 4 f 2 L

2

T = 2 LC = 2

2.My thu, c mc mch LC , Tm C: - Nu bit f : C =

2 - nu bit : C = vi c=3.108m/s 4 2 cL * Khi mc C1 tn s f1, khi mc C2 tn s f2 ; tn s f khi : - C1 ntC 2 : f 2 = f 12 + f 22 1 1 1 - C1 ssC 2 : 2 = 2 + 2 f f1 f2 3.Tm di bc sng hoc f : = c 2 LC t : min max 1 f = f min f f max 2 LC 4.Tm gc xoay thu c sng in t c bc sng : C C min C = 180 0 = 180 0 C 0 C m C min
Su Tm

Vt l lp 12

VII.GIAO THOA NH SNG: Cho trong khong L c N vn th khong vn i bng (N-1) lc i = i=

D , x = ki a

l N 1

x , k nguyn : sng ; k l : ti vd: k=2,5 vn ti th 3 i 2. Tm s vn ti, sng trong min giao thoa: 1.Nhn bit vn ti ( sng ) bc my: k = * Xt s khong vn trn na min giao thoa c b rng L th: L = k( nguyn) + m( l) i Ti : nu: m<0,5 c k ,nu m>0,5 c k+1 n=

* S vn trn na min giao thoa: Sng k , *S vn trn c min giao thoa: sng: N= 2k+1 Ti N=2k N=2(k+1)=2k +2 3.C 2 nh sng n sc,tm v tr trng nhau: K 11 = K 2 2 K 1 , K 2 x 4.Giao toa vi nh sng trng, tm bc sng nh sng n sc cho vn ti(sng) ti 1 im M: D xM = K Gii h: M sng a 1 D tm o k ( s vn) xM = (K + ) M ti v 2 a e( n 1) D 5.Khi t bn mt song song ( e, n ) th vn trung tm ( h vn ) dch chuyn: x0 = a

VIII. HIN TNG QUANG IN: hc 1 2 = A + me v 0 max 2 1 2 1 1 2 mv me v0 max = eU AK hoc me v 2 e U h = eU AK 1.Tm vn tc e khi ti Anot: 2 2 2 U AK < U h < 0 tm Uh, 2. I= 0 th K l: t ly U AK > U h I 3.Tm s e trong 1s: q= ne =Ibht = Ibh t suy ra n = bh e P n s photon trong 1s N= Hiu sut H = hc N 1 2 4.Tm Vma x ca tm KL ( qu cu ) khi c chiu sng: eVmax = me v 0 max , 2 U V nu ni t I max = = max R R eU hc f max = min = 5.Tia Rn ghen: ; h eU A= vi 1ev= 1,6.10-19 J ; e U h = hc 0 1 2 me v 0 max ; 2

Su Tm

Vt l lp 12

IX.MU NGUYN T BOHR:

= hf mn = E m E n *Dy Lyman : n=1, m= 2,3,4. *Dy Banme: n=2, m= 3,4,5. *Dy Pa sen : n=3, m= 4,5, 6. 1 1 1 = + 1.Tm bc sng: mn mp pn + Ch bc sng ln th nng lng b v ngc li
2.Nng lng bc e ra khi ng t tr v K: W = hc( 1 1 + ) n n1

XI. PHNG X - NNG LNG HT NHN: m N m = t c s ng t trong m(g): N = N A ( N=nNA) A NA A N m t m = m0 e t = t /0T S nguyn t cn li: N = N 0 e = t /0 hay T 2 2 Nu t<<<T th N = N 0 (1 t ) 1 S nguyn t phn r: N = N 0 N = N 0 (1 t / T ) nu t<< T th N = N 0 N = N 0 t 2 H = N hoc H 0 = N 0 ( s dng CT ny T,t tnh s) 1Ci = 3,7.1010Bq (Phn phng x: r/s) 1 H 1 N 1 m 1.Xc nh tui: - Mu vt c: t = ln 0 hoc t = ln 0 hoc t = ln 0 H N m t AN 0 e m AN = = e t t - Mu vt c gc khong cht: t m' A' N o A' N 0 (1 e ) 2. Xc nh nng lng lin kt ht nhn: E = m0 m = [ ( Zm p + ( A Z ) mn ] m ) 931( Mev) Ht nhn : ZA X : m S mol: n = E . Nng lng lk ring cng ln, cng bn A 3.Xc nh nng lng ta ra khi phn r m(g) ( V(lt) ) ht nhn nng ZA X : m m - Tm s ht cha trong m(g) ht nhn X : N = N A v tm nng lng ta ra khi phn r 1 ht nhn A E t E = NE 4.Xc nh nng lng ta ra trong phn ng ht nhn A+B C + D * Nng lng lin kt ring E r =

E = m0 m = [ (m A + m B ) ( m C + m D ) 931( Mev)

5.Xc nh nng lng ta ra khi tng hp m(g) ht nhn nh: th

A+B C + D + E

E = N E

vi N = N A

m A

6.Tm ng nng ca cc ht trong phn ng da vo nh lut bo ton ng lng: P 2 = 2mE A+B C + D PA + PB = PC + PD

Su Tm

Vt l lp 12

7. Tm ng nng ca cc ht trong phn ng da vo nh lut bo ton nng lng: A+B C + D p dng E1= E2 E1 = (m A + m B )c 2 + E A + E B Vi *T tm c: E 2 = ( mC + m D )c 2 + E C + E D v E = ( E C + E D ) ( E A + E B ) = [ (m A + m B ) (mC + m D )]931Mev

II.CON LC N:

g , l

T = 2

l , g

f =

1 2

g l

1. bin thin chu k : T = T2 T1 2.Xc nh nhanh chm ca ng h trong mt ngy m: * Con lc n c dy treo kim loi khi nhit bin thin t : T h = T R T h = * Con lc n khi a ln dao ng su h<<< R : T 2R * Con lc n khi a ln dao ng cao h<<< R :

= 86400
T 1 = t T 2

T T

3. Xc nh ng nng , th nng, nng lng ca con lc n: *Khi gc lch ln: T = mg (3 cos 2 cos 0 ) v = 2 gl (cos cos 0 Et = mgl (1 cos ) ; E d = mgl (cos cos 0 ) ; E = mgl (1 cos 0 ) * Khi gc lch b: 1 1 1 1 g 1 2 2 Et = mgl 2 E d = mgl ( 0 2 ) E = mgl 0 = m S 02 = m 2 S 02 2 2 2 2 l 2 g 4.Xc nh bin mi khi con lc n thay i g sang g: ' 0 = 0 g' 5.Xc nh chu k mi khi c ngoi lc Fx khng i tc dng: T ' = 2 vi g ' = g l g' Fx ( chiu + hng xung) m

Su Tm