Nhm Cation Thuc th HCl

Hin tng PTP Kt ta trng AgCl tan trong dd NH3 Ag+ + Cl AgCl AgCl + 2NH3 [Ag(NH3)2]Cl

KI hay KBr

To kt ta tinh th mu vng Ag + +I AgI

Ag + +Br AgBr (mu vng nht) To kt ta AgOH mu trng nhng khng bn, phn hy nhanh to thnh kt ta Ag2O mu en
Ag + +OH AgOH 2AgOH Ag 2 O +H 2 O

NaOH hay KOH

Dung dch NH3 1 Ag+

To kt ta Ag2O en, ta tan trong dung dch NH3 d

2Ag + +2NH 4 OH Ag 2 O +NH +H 2 O 4

Ag2O + 2NH4+ Na2CO3 hay K2CO3 K2CrO4 trong mi trng trung tnh Dung dch H2S

2[Ag(NH4)2]+

To kt ta Ag2CO3
2+ 2Ag + +CO3 Ag 2CO3

To kt ta mu nu
2Ag + +CrO 2- Ag 2 CrO 4 4

To kt ta en tan trong dd HNO3 long nng

2Ag + +S2- Ag 2S
3Ag 2S+2NO3 +8H + 6Ag + +2NO+3S+H 2O

Na2HPO4

To kt ta mu trng tan trong dd HNO3 v dd NH3

3Ag + +HPO 2- Ag 3 PO 4 4 Ag 3 PO 4 +6NH 4 OH 3[Ag(NH 3 ) 2 ]+ +PO3- +6H 2 O 4

HCl

To kt ta trng khng tan trong dung dch NH3 nhng tan trong nc nng Pb2+ + 2Cl
-

PbCl2

Pb2+

KI

To kt ta vng ng nh, kt ta ny cho vo dung dch CH3COOH long un nng, ri lm lnh, khi lm lnh th dd xut hin li kt ta PbI2 tinh th mu vng ng nh.

Pb 2+ +2KI PbI 2 +2K +

Dung dch H2S

To kt ta en khng tan trong NH3 d Pb2+ + S2PbS mu en

K2CrO4

To kt ta mu vng thm. Kt ta ny tan trong dd HNO3 long v NaOH Pb2+ + CrO42PbCrO4 + 2H+ PbCrO4 + 4OHPbCrO4 Pb2+ + H2CrO4 PbO22- + CrO42- + 2H2O

H2SO4 long hay mui sulfat dd KOH hay NaOH

To kt ta tinh th trng Pb2++SO42- PbSO4 To kt ta trng tan trong dd thuc th d Pb2+ + 2OH- Pb(OH)2 Pb(OH)2 + 2OHPbO22- + 2H2O PbOHNO3 + NH4NO3 Pb2(OH)2CO3 To kt ta bazo khng tan trong thuc th d Pb(NO3)2 + NH4OH

Dung dch NH3

Na2CO3 hay K2CO3

To kt ta ch cacbonat bazo 2Pb2+ + CO32- + 2OHTo kt ta mu trng tan trong thuc th d to phc v phc ny cng b acid phn hy khi dun nng Pb2+ + S2O32- PbS2O3 PbS2O3 + 2 S2O32[Pb(S2O3)3]4-+2H+ [Pb(S2O3)3]4PbS+2S+2SO2+SO42-+H2O

Na2S2O3

Na2HPO4

To kt ta mu trng tan trong NH4OH 3Pb2+ + 2HPO42- Pb3(PO4)2 + 2H+ Pb3(PO4)2 + 9OH- 3HPbO2- + 2PO43- + 3H2O

Ba2+

H2SO4 v mui

To kt ta trng khng tan trong acid v kim

sulfat Na2CO3

Ba2+ + SO42-

BaSO4

To kt ta mu trng tinh th t tan trong nc nhng tan trong cc acid HCl, HNO3, Ba2+ + CO32BaCO3 + 2H+ BaCO3 Ba2+ + H2O + CO2

K2CrO4

To ta tinh th mu vng, t tan trong nc v dd CH3COOH Ba2+ + CrO42BaCrO4

(NH4)2C2O4

To kt ta oxalate tinh th mu trng tan trong cc acid HCl, HNO3 Ba2+ + C2O42BaC2O4 + 2H+ BaC2O4 Br2+ + H2C2O4

Na2HPO4

To kt ta trng tan trong cc acid HCl, HNO3, CH3COOH Ba2+ + HPO42BaHPO4

NaOH hay KOH c Ca2+

To kt ta trng Ba2+ + OH- Ba(OH)2

dd H2SO4 long v cc dd mui sulfat

To kt ta trng khng tan trong acid v trong kim Ca2+ + SO42CaSO4

Na2CO3

To kt ta tinh th mu trng tan trong cc acid HCl, HNO3 v CH3COOH Ca2+ + CO32CaCO3 + 2H+ CaCO3 Ca2+ + H2O + CO2

(NH4)2C2O4

To kt ta mu trng, kt ta ny khng tan trong dung dch CH3COOH Ca2+ + (NH4)2C2O4 CaC2O4 + 2NH4+

Na2HPO4

To kt ta trng tan trong cc acid HCl, HNO3, CH3COOH Ca2+ + HPO42CaHPO4

Sr2+

dd H2SO4 long v cc dd mui sulfat

To kt ta trng khng tan trong acid v trong kim Sr2++ SO42SrSO4

Na2CO3

To kt ta tinh th mu trng tan trong cc acid HCl, HNO3 v CH3COOH Sr2++ CO32SrCO3 + 2H+ SrCO3 Sr2+ + H2O + CO2

(NH4)2C2O4

To kt ta oxalate mu trng tinh th, kt ta tan c trong dd CH3COOH Sr2+ + (NH4)2C2O4 SrC2O4 + 2H+ SrC2O4 + 2NH4+ Sr2+ + H2C2O4

K2CrO4

To kt ta tinh th mu vng SrCrO4 tan trong mi trng acid yu nh dd CH3COOH Sr2+ + CrO42SrCrO4