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MN THNG TIN DI NG TI: GIAO DIN V TUYN TRONG H THNG UTMS SINH VIN: L THANH TNG V VN V LI NI U Ngy ny thng tin di ng l ngnh cng nghip vin thng pht trin nhanh nht vi con s thu bao t n 3,6 t tnh n cui nm 2008. Khi ngun t dch v thoi t tin cho mt s t ngi i xe, n nay vi s ng dng ngy cng rng ri cc thit b thng tin di ng th h ba, thng tin di ng c th cung cp nhiu hnh loi dch v i hi tc s liu cao cho ngi s dng k c cc chc nng camera,MP3 v PDA. Vi cc dch v i hi tc cao ngy cc tr nn ph bin ny, nhu cu 3G cng nh pht trin n ln 4G ngy cng tr nn cp thit.ITU a ra n tiu chun ho h thng thng tin di ng th h ba vi tn gi IMT-2000 t c cc mc tiu chnh sau y: Tc truy nhp cao m bo cc dch v bng rng nh truy nhp internet nhanh hoc cc ng dng a phng tin, do yu cu ngy cng tng v cc dch v ny. Tng thch vi cc h thng thng tin di ng hin nay. Nhiu tiu chun cho h thng thng tin di ng th h ba IMT-2000 c xut, trong hai h thng WCDMA UMTS v CDMA-2000 c I T U c h p thun v c a vo hot ng. Cc h thng ny u s dng cng ngh CDMA iu ny cho php thc hin tiu chun ton th gii cho giao din v tuyn ca h thng thng tin ng th h ba

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phc v vic hc tp mn thng tin di ng nhm em nhn ti nghin cu v giao din v tuyn ca h thng UTMS. Bi bo co ca em gm cc phn chnh: Chng 1: Tng quan v h thng thng tin di ng th h ba WCDMA Chng 2: Cc k thut s dng trong h thng WCDMA Chng 3: Giao din v tuyn ca mng WCDMA UMTS

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CHNG 1 - TNG QUAN V H THNG THNG TIN DI NG TH H BA WCDMA

1.1 L TRNH PHT TRIN THNG TIN DI NG LN TH H 4G Trong qu trnh pht trin ca mnh, cc cng ngh thng tin di ng c chia thnh cc th h: Th nht, th hai, th ba v th t; c vit tt l 1G, 2G, 3G v 4G. 1.1.1 H thng thng tin di ng th h th nht H thng thng tin di ng th h mt (1G) s dng phng php a truy nhp phn chia theo tn s (FDMA) v ch h tr cc dch v thoi tng t v s dng k thut iu ch tng t mang d liu thoi ca mi ngi s dng. a truy nhp phn chia theo tn s l phng thc truy nhp m trong mi knh dnh cho ngi s dng c cp pht mt tn s c nh, khng trng vi cc knh ngi dng khc nh phn chia ph tn s thnh nhiu on ring bit. Mt s h thng FDMA in hnh l: -H thng AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone Servise Dch v in thoi di ng tin tin) c s dng trn ton nc M. - NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephone System H thng in thoi di ng Bc u) - TACS (Total Access Communication System H thng thng tin truy nhp ton b) Tuy nhin, thng thng cc cng ngh 1G thng c trin khai ti mt s nc, khng c tiu chun ha bi cc c quan tiu chun quc t. Khng tha mn nhu cu ngy cng tng ca ngi

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dng v dung lng v tc . Chnh v vy, h thng thng tin di ng th h hai c a ra gii thiu. 1.1.2 H thng thng tin di ng th h th hai -Khc vi th h th nht, h thng thng tin di ng th h th hai (2G) c thit k trin khai quc t, cc thit k 2G nhn mnh hn ln tnh tng thch, kh nng chuyn mch phc tp v s dng truyn dn ting s ha trn cc knh v tuyn. -H thng 2G s dng hai phng php a truy nhp: a truy nhp phn chia theo thi gian (TDMA) v a truy nhp phn chia theo m (CDMA). -Mt s h thng trong mng 2G in hnh l: GSM (Global for System Mobile Communications - H thng thng tin di ng ton cu), cdma One, ngoi ra cn mt s h thng khc l: iDEN, D-AMPS, GPRS (2,5G), HSCSD v WiDEN. 1.1.3 H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba - p ng yu cu pht trin dung lng mng, tc (tc dch chuyn d liu) v nhng ng dng a phng tin, chun 3G bt u c a ra. Nhng h thng trong chun ny l s pht trin tuyn tnh ca h thng 2G, chng da vo hai c s h tng chnh cng tn ti song song l nhng node chuyn mch knh v nhng node chuyn mch gi. * Mt h thng thng tin di ng l 3G nu n p ng mt s yu cu c ITU ra nh sau: - Hot ng trong mt trong s cc tn s c n nh cho cc dch v 3G. - Phi cung cp cc dch v s liu mi cho ngi s dng bao gm c cc dch v a phng tin, c lp vi cc cng ngh giao din v tuyn.
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- Phi h tr truyn dn s liu di ng ti 144 kbps cho ngi s dng di ng tc cao v truyn dn s liu ln n 2 Mbps cho ngi s dng c nh hoc tc thp. - Phi cung cp cc dch v s liu gi. - m bo tnh c lp ca mng li vi giao din v tuyn. Mt s h thng 3G: UMTS (WCDMA), CDMA2000&1xEV- DO, iS865, TD-SCDMA; 3,5G: UMTS (HSPA). 1.1.4 H thng thng tin di ng th h th t Vic trin khai ti mt s nc ch ra mt vi vn m 3G cha gii quyt c hoc mi ch gii quyt c mt phn l: S kh khn trong vic tng lin tc bng thng v tc d liu tha mn nhu cu ngy cng a dng cc dch v a phng tin, cc dch v khc nhau vi nhu cu v cht lng dch v (QoS) v bng thng khc nhau. - S gii hn ca gii ph s dng. - D c s tha thun v cc kh nng chuyn vng ton cu nhng do tn ti nhng chun cng ngh 3G khc nhau nn gy kh khn trong vic chuyn vng (roaming) gia cc mi trng dch v khc bit trong cc bng tn s khc nhau. - Thiu c ch chuyn ti lin mch gia u cui vi u cui khi m rng mng con di ng vi mng c nh. Trong n lc khc phc nhng vn ca 3G, hng ti mc tiu to ra mt mng di ng c kh nng cung cp cho ngi s dng cc dch v thoi, truyn d liu v c bit l cc dch v bng rng multimedia ti mi ni, mi lc; do vy mng di ng th h th t (4G) c xut nghin cu v ha hn nhng bc trin khai u tin. C s h tng cho 4G s ch l gi (all-IP)

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- Nhng k thut ang c xem xt nh pre-4G l Wimax, WiBro, iBurst, 3GPP Long Term Evolution v 3GPP2 Ultra Mobile Broadband.

1.2 KIN TRC CHUNG MT H THNG THNG TIN DI NG 3G 1.2.1 Cng ngh WCDMA WCDMA (Wideband CDMA) l mt cng ngh pht trin ca GSM tng tc truyn nhn d liu bng cch s dng k thut CDMA hot ng bng rng thay th cho TDMA. Trong cc cng ngh thng tin di ng th h th ba th WCDMA nhn c s ng h ln nht nh vo tnh linh hot ca lp vt l trong vic h tr cc kiu dch v khc nhau c bit l dch v tc bt thp v trung bnh.

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* Mt s c im ca WCDMA: - L h thng a truy nhp phn chia theo m tri ph trc tip, c tc bit cao (ln n 2 Mbps) - Tc chip 3,84 Mcps vi rng sng mang 5 Mhz, do h tr tc d liu cao em li nhiu li ch nh li a phn tp. - H tr tc ngi s dng thay i lin tc. Mi ngi s dng c cung cp mt khung, trong khung tc d liu gi c nh nhng tc c th thay i t khung ny n khung khc. - H tr hai m hnh v tuyn FDD v TDD. Trong m hnh FDD sng mang 5 Mhz s dng cho ng ln v ng xung, cn trong m hnh TDD sng mang 5 Mhz chia s theo thi gian gia ng ln v ng xung. - WCDMA h tr hot ng khng ng b ca cc trm gc, do d dng pht trin cc trm gc va v nh. - WCDMA s dng tch sng c tham chiu n sng mang da trn knh hoa tiu, do c th nng cao dung lng v vng ph. - WCDMA c thit k tng thch vi GSM m rng vng ph sng v dung lng ca mng. - Lp vt l mm do d tch hp c tt c thng tin trn mt sng mang. - H s ti s dng bng 1. - H tr phn tp pht v cc cu trc thu tin tin.

1.2.2 Tng quan h thng UMTS -H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba c xy dng vi mc ch cung cp cho mt mng di ng ton cu vi cc dch v phong ph bao gm thoi, nhn tin, internet v d liu bng rng. 7 BI TP LN THNG TIN DI NG

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- Ti Chu u h thng thng tin di ng th h th ba c tiu chun ha bi hc vin tiu chun vin thng Chu u (ETSI: European Telecommunications Standard Institute) ph hp vi tiu chun ITM-2000 ca ITU (InternationalTelecommunication Union). - H thng c tn l UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System). UMTS c xem l h thng k tha ca h thng GSM, nhm p ng cc yu cu pht trin ca cc dch v di ng v ng dng internet vi tc truyn dn ln ti 2 Mbps v cng cp mt tiu chun chuyn vng ton cu. - UMTS c pht trin bi Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) l d n pht trin chung ca nhiu c quan tiu chun ha (SDO) nh: ETSI (Chu u), ARIB/TCC (Nht Bn), ANSI (M), TTA (Hn Quc) v CWTS (Trung Quc). - Hi ngh v tuyn th gii nm 1992 a ra cc ph tn s dng cho h thng UMTS: + 1920 1980 MHz v 2110 2170 MHz dnh cho cc ng dng FDD (Frequency Division Duplex: Ghp knh theo tn s) ng ln v ng xung, khong cch knh l 5MHz. + 1900 1920 MHz v 2010 2025 MHz dnh cho cc ng dng TDD (Time Division Duplex: Ghp knh theo tn s), khong cch knh l 5MHZ. + 1980 2010 MHz v 2170 2200 MHz: ng xung v ng ln v tinh.

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1.2.3 Kin trc chung ca mt mng WCDMA Mng thng tin di ng th h ba ban u s l mng kt hp gia cc vng chuyn mch gi v chuyn mch knh truyn d liu gi v ting. Cc trung tm chuyn mch gi l cc chuyn mch s dng cng ngh ATM. Trong qu trnh pht trin n s dng ton mng IP, chuyn mch knh dn c thay th bng chuyn mch gi. Cc dch v s liu v thi gian thc cui cng s c chuyn trn cng mt mi trng IP bng cc chuyn mch gi. 1.2.3.1 Thit b ngi s dng Thit b ngi s dng (UE: User Equipment): Thc hin chc nng giao tip ngi s dng vi h thng.

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1.2.3.2 Mng truy nhp v tuyn

Mng truy nhp v tuyn (UTRAN:UMTSTerestrialRadioAccess Network): C nhim v thc hin cc chc nng lin quan n truy nhp v tuyn. Kin trc ban u ca mng 3G c th s dng hai kiu mng truy nhp v tuyn. Kiu th nht s dng cng ngh a truy nhp WCDMA c gi l UTRAN. Kiu th hai s dng cng ngh a truy nhp TDMA c gi l GERAN (GSM EDGE Radio Access Network: Mng truy nhp v tuyn da trn cng ngh EDGE ca GSM). 1.2.3.3 Mng li Mng li (CN: Core Network): Thc hin chc nng chuyn mch, nh tuyn cuc gi v kt ni s liu. Mng li l kt hp ca chuyn mch knh v chuyn mch gi c th hin bng nhm cc n v chc nng logic (hnh 1.3). Trong thc th cc min chc nng ny t vo cc thit b v cc nt vt l. Nh chc nng
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chuyn mch knh CS (MGC/GMSC) v chc nng chuyn mch gi (SGSN/GGSN) trong mt nt duy nht c mt h thng tch hp cho php chuyn mch v truyn dn cc kiu phng tin khc nhau t lu lng ting n lu lng s liu dung lng ln. 1.2.4 Cc loi lu lng v dch v ca mng 3G WCDMA h tr WCDMA UMTS cung cp cc loi dch v xa (teleservices) nh dch v in thoi hoc bn tin ngn (SMS) v cc loi dch v mang (bearer service: Mt dch v vin thng cung cp kh nng truyn tn hiu gia hai giao din ngi s dng - mng).V th, ni chung mng 3G h tr cc dch v truyn thng a phng tin. Do vi mi kiu lu lng cn m bo mt mc QoS nht nh ty theo ng dng ca dch v. QoS h thng WCDMA UMTS c phn loi nh sau: - Loi hi thoi (Thoi, thoi thy hnh): Thng tin tng tc yu cu tr nh. - Loi lung (a phng tin, video theo yu cu): Thng tin mt chiu i hi dch v lung vi tr nh. - Loi tng tc (duyt web, tr chi qua mng, truy nhp c s d liu..): i hi tr li trong mt thi gian nht nh v t l li thp. - Loi c bn (th in t, SMS, ti d liu xung): i hi cc dch v n lc nht c thc hin trn nn c s. - Vng ph sng ca mng WCDMA UMTS c chia thnh bn vng vi cc tc bt Rb phc v nh sau: + Vng 1: Vng trong nh, pico, Rb 2 Mbps + Vng 2: Vng thnh ph, micro, Rb 384 Kbps + Vng 3: Vng ngoi , macro, Rb 144 Kbps + Vng 4: Ton cu, Rb = 12,2 Kbps
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Hnh 1.4. Vng ph sng ca UMTS 1.3 CC KIN TRC CHO CNG NGH WCDMA THEO 3GPP Mng di ng th h 3 c xy dng theo cc pht hnh chnh c gi l R3, R4, R5 v R6. Trong R3 v R4 c mng li bao gm hai min chuyn mch: Min CS (Circuit Switch: Chuyn mch knh) v PS (Packet Switch: Chuyn mch gi). Vic kt hp ny ph hp vi giai on u khi PS cha p ng tt cc dch v thi gian thc nh thoi v hnh nh. Khi min CS s thc hin cc dch v thoi, cn cc dch v s liu c truyn trn min PS. R4 pht trin hn R3 ch CS chuyn sang chuyn mch mm, v th ton b mng truyn ti gia cc nt chuyn mch u trn IP. * Lch trnh nghin cu trong 3GPP: - Pht hnh 1999 (R3) thng 12/1999 - Pht hnh 4 (R4) thng 03/2001 - Pht hnh 5 (R5) thng 02/2001 - Pht hnh 6 (R6) thng 12/2004 1.1.3 Kin trc WCDMA UMTS R3 y l kin trc mng 3G s dng cng ngh WCDMA trong 3GPP nm 1999, tp tiu chun u tin cho h thng UMTS.
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Mng UMTS R3 c h tr c chuyn mch knh v chuyn mch gi. Tc thng tin ln ti 384 Kbps trong min chuyn mch knh v 2 Mbps trong min chuyn mch gi. Cc kt ni tc cao ny m bo cung cp mt tp cc dch v mi cho ngi s dng di ng gm: in thoi c hnh (hi ngh Video) m thanh cht lng cao (CD) v tc truyn cao ti u cui. Mng UMTS R3 gm ba phn chnh l: Thit b di ng (UE: User Equipment), mng truy nhp v tuyn mt t UMTS (UTRAN: UMTS Terrestrial Radio Network) v mng li (CN: Core Network). 1.3.1.1 Thit b ng i s dng
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Thit b ngi s dng (UE): L u cui mng UMTS ca ngi s dng. l phn c nhiu thit b nht v s pht trin ca n s nh hng ln ln cc ng dng v cc dch v kh dng. Thit b u cui (TE: Terminal Equipment): Trong mng 3G, thit b u cui khng n thun dnh cho in thoi m cn cung cp dch v s liu mi. Thit b di ng (ME: Mobile Equipment): L u cui v tuyn giao tip vi mng qua ng v tuyn. Modun nhn dng thu bao UMTS (USIM: UMTS Subcriber Identity Modulo) L mt th thng minh cha thng tin nhn dng thu bao. USIM cha cc hm v s liu cn nhn dng, nhn thc thu bao v c th gi cc kha nhn thc cng mt s thng tin thu bao cn thit cho thit b u cui. Ngi s dng phi t mnh nhn thc i vi USIM bng cch nhp m PIN. iu ny m bo rng ch ngi s dng ch thc mi c truy nhp UMTS, v mng cng ch cung cp dch v cho ngi no s dng u cui da trn nhn dng USIM c ng k. 1.3.1.2 Mng truy nhp v tuyn UMTS Mng truy nhp v tuyn UMTS (UTRAN: UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Netwok): L mng lin kt gia ngi s dng v mng li. N bao gm mt hay nhiu h thng con mng v tuyn RNS (Radio Network Subsystem), trong mt RNS gm mt RNC v gm mt hay nhiu nt B (node B). UTRAN c nh ngha gia hai giao din: Giao din Iu gia UTRAN v mng li (CN) gm hai phn l IuPS cho min chuyn mch gi v IuCS cho min chuyn mch knh v giao din Uu gia UTRAN v thit b ngi dng (UE). * Cc c tnh chnh ca UTRAN:
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- H tr UTRAN v tt c cc chc nng lin quan. c bit l cc nh hng chnh ln vic thit k l yu cu h tr chuyn giao mm (mt u cui kt ni qua hai hay nhiu tch cc) v cc thut ton qun l ti nguyn c th WCDMA. - m bo tnh chung nht cho vic x l s liu chuyn mch knh v chuyn mch gi bng mt ngn xp giao thc giao din v tuyn duy nht v bng cch s dng mt giao din kt ni t UTRAN n c hai vng PS v CS ca mng li. - m bo tnh chung nht vi GSM khi cn thit. - S dng truyn ti ATM l c ch truyn ti chnh UTRAN. * Hai thnh phn ca UTRAN l b iu khin mng v tuyn (RNC) v node B. B iu khin mng v tuyn B iu khin mng v tuyn (RNC: Radio Network Controller): L mt phn t mng, chu trnh nhim cho mt hay nhiu trm gc v iu khin ti nguyn cho chng. y cng chnh l im truy nhp dch v m UTRAN cung cp cho mng li (CN). N c ni n CN bng hai kt ni, mt cho min chuyn mch gi n SGSN v mt n chuyn mch knh n MSC. * Cc chc nng chnh ca RNC: - iu khin ti nguyn v tuyn - Cp pht knh - Thit lp iu khin cng sut - iu khin cng sut vng h - iu khin chuyn giao - Phn tp Macro - Mt m ha - Bo hiu qung b
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Node B

Trong h thng UMTS, trm gc c gi l node B v nhim v ca n l thc hin kt ni v tuyn vt l gia u cui vi n. N nhn tn hiu trn giao din Iub t RNC v chuyn n vo tn hiu v tuyn trn giao din Uu. N cng thc hin mt s thao tc qun l ti nguyn v tuyn c s nh iu khin cng sut vng trong. Tnh nng ny l phng nga vn gn xa, ngha l khi tt cc u cui u pht cng mt cng sut, th cc u cui gn node B nht s che lp tn hiu t cc u cui xa. Node B kim tra cng sut thu t cc u cui khc nhau v thng bo cho chng gim cng sut hoc tng cng sut sao cho node B lun thu c cng sut nh nhau ti tt c cc u cui. 1.3.1.3 Mng li Mng li (CN: Core Network) ca h thng UMTS chia thnh hai phn: Chuyn mch knh v chuyn mch gi. Thnh phn chuyn mch gi gm nhng nt h tr dch v GPRS (SGSN: Serving GPRS Support Node) v cng h tr dch v GPRS (GGSN: Gateway GPRS Support Node). Thnh phn chuyn mch knh l MSC v GMCS. Mt s thnh phn ca mng nh HLR v AuC c chia s cho c hai phn. Cu trc ca mng li c th c thay i khi cc dch v mi v cc c im mi ca h thng c a ra. Cc phn t chnh trong mng li: SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node): L nt chnh ca min chuyn mch gi. N ni n UTRAN thng qua giao din IuPS v n GGSN thng qua giao din Gn. SGSN chu trch nhim cho tt c kt ni PS ca tt c cc thu bao. N lu hai kiu d liu thu bao: Thng tin ng k thu bao v thng tin v tr thu bao. * S liu thu bao lu trong SGSN gm:
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- IMSI (International Mobile Subsscriber Identity: S nhn dng thu bao di ng quc t) - Cc nhn dng tm thi gi (P-TMSI: Packet - Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity: S nhn dng thu bao di ng tm thi gi) - Cc a ch PDP (Packet Data Protocol: Giao thc s liu gi) S liu v tr lu trn SGSN: - Vng nh tuyn thu bao (RA: Routing Area) - S VLR - Cc a ch GGSN ca tng GGSN c kt ni tch cc
GGSN

Khi mt SGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node) kt ni vi mng s liu khc. Tt c cc cuc truyn d liu t thu bao n cc mng ngoi u qua GGSN. Cng nh SGSN, n lu c hai kiu s liu: Thng tin thu bao v thng tin v tr S liu v thng tin thu bao: - Cc a ch PDP S liu v v tr: a ch SGSN hin thu bao ang ni n. MSC MSC (Mobile Switching Center) thc hin chc nng kt ni chuyn mch knh gia thit b u cui v mng. N thc hin cc chc nng bo hiu v chuyn mch cho cc thu baoo trong vng qun l ca mnh. Chc nng ca MSC trong UMTS ging chc nng MSC trong GSM, nhng n c nhiu chc nng hn. Cc kt ni chuyn mch knh c thc hin trn giao din chuyn mch knh gia UTRAN v MSC. Cc MSC c ni n cc mng ngoi qua GMSC. GMSC 17

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GMSC (Gateway MSC) chu trch

nhim thc hin cc chc

nng nh tuyn n vng c MS. Khi mng ngoi tm cch kt ni n PLMN ca mt nh khai thc khc, GMSC nhn yu cu thit lp kt ni v hi HLR v MSC hin thi qun l MS.

VLR VLR (Visitor Location Register): L bn sao ca HLR, d liu thu bao cn thit cung cp cc dch v thu bao c ly t HLR v lu y. C MSC v SGSN u c VLR ni vi chng. HLR HLR (Home Location Register): L mt c s d liu c nhim v qun l cc thu bao di ng. Mt mng di ng c th c nhiu HLR ty thuc vo s lng thu bao, dung lng ca tng HLR v t chc bn trong mng. HLR v AuC l hai nt mng logic nhng thng c thc hin trong cng mt nt vt l. HLR lu tr mi thng tin v ngi s dng v ng l thu bao nh: Thng tin tnh cc, cc dch v no c cung cp v cc dch v no b t chi, thng tin chuyn hng cuc gi, s ln chuyn hng cuc gi. Trung tm nhn thc Trung tm nhn thc (AuC: Authentication Center) lu gi ton b s liu cn thit nhn thc, mt m ha v bo v thng tin ca ngi dng. N lin kt vi HLR v c hin cng vi mt nt vt l. B nhn dng thit b B nhn dng thit b (EIR: Equipment Identity Register) chu trch nhim lu cc s nhn dng thit b di ng quc t (IMEI: International Mobile Equipment Identity). y l s nhn
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dng duy nht cho thit b u cui. C s d liu ny c chia thnh ba danh mc: Danh mc trng, xm v en. Danh mc trng cha cc s IMEI c php truy nhp mng, danh mc xm cha IMEI ca cc u cui ang b theo di cn danh mc en cha cc s IMEI ca cc u cui b cm truy nhp mng. Danh mc nay cng c th c s dng cm cc seri my c bit khng c truy nhp mng khi chng khng hot ng theo tiu chun. Cc giao din v tuyn - Giao din Cu: L giao din chun cho cc card thng minh. Trong UE y l giao din kt ni gia USIM v UE - Giao din Uu: L giao din v tuyn m UE truy nhp vo phn c nh ca mng. Giao din ny nm gia nt B v thit b u cui. - Giao din Iu: L giao din kt ni UTRAN v CN. Mt CN c th kt ni vi nhiu UTRAN, nhng vi mi UTRAN th ch c th kt ni vi mt im truy nhp CN. - Giao din Iur: y l giao din gia RNC vi RNC. Giao din ny c cc tnh nng c bn sau: + Di ng gia cc RNC + Lu thng knh ring + Lu thng knh chung + Qun l ti nguyn ton cc - Giao din Iub: Giao din Iub ni nt B vi RNC. y l mt giao din m 1.3.2 Kin trc mng WCDMA UMTS R4
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Mng WCDMA UMTS pht hnh 4 to ra tng cng ng k cho kin trc mng li. S khc bit c bn gia pht hnh 1999 (R3) vi R4 l ch khi ny mng li ca R4 l mng phn b. R4 thay th cho cc MSC chuyn mch knh truyn thng l MSC Server v cc cng phng tin MGW (Media Gateway). MSC cha tt c cc phn mm iu khin cuc gi, chc nng qun l di ng c mt MSC tiu chun. Tuy nhin n khng cha ma trn chuyn mch. Ma trn chuyn mch nm trong MGW c MSC Server iu khin v c th t xa MSC Server. MGW khng cha cc phn mm ni trn m ch c nhim v thit lp iu khin v gii phng cc lung phng tin (cc lung ting) di s iu khin ca MSC Server. MGW nhn cc cuc gi t RNC v nh tuyn cc cuc gi ny n ni nhn trn cc ng trc gi. S liu gi t RNC i qua SGSN v t SGSN n GGSN trn mng ng trc IP. Bo hiu iu khin cc cuc gi chuyn mch knh c thc hin gia RNC v MSC Server. ng truyn cho cc cuc gi chuyn mch knh c thc hin gia RNC v MGW. MGW nhn cc cuc gi t RNC v nh tuyn cc cuc gi ny n ni nhn trn cc ng trc gi. Trong nhiu trng hp ng trc gi s dng giao thc truyn ti thi gian thc (RTP: Real Time Transport Protocol) trn giao thc Internet (IP). Trong kin trc trn ta thy lu lng s liu gi t RNC i qua SGSN v t SGSN n GGSN trn mng ng trc IP. C s liu v ting u c th s dng truyn ti IP bn trong mng li. y l mng truyn ti hon ton IP.

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Khi cuc gi cn c nh tuyn n mt mng khc, PSTN chng hn, s c mt cng cc phng tin khc (MGW) c iu khin bi MSC Server cng (GMSC server). MGW ny s chuyn ting thoi c ng gi thnh PCM tiu chun a n PSTN. c ci nhn r rng, gi thit rng nu ting giao din v tuyn c truyn ti tc 12,2 kbps, th tc ny ch phi
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chuyn vo 64 kbps MGW giao tip vi PSTN. Truyn ti kiu ny cho php tit kim ng k rng bng tn nht l khi cc MGW cch xa nhau. Nh vy chuyn i m ch cn thc hin ti im kt ni vi PSTN v mng ng trc gi, ch cn truyn ting rng bng tn nh hn, iu ny cho php gim gi thnh ca mng. Trong nhiu trng hp MSC h tr c chc nng ca GMSC Server. Giao thc iu khin gia MSC Server hoc GMSC Server vi MGW l giao thc ITU H.248. Giao thc ny c ITU v IETF cng tc pht trin. N c tn l iu khin cng cc phng tin (MEGACO: Media Gateway Control). Giao thc iu khin cuc gi gia MSC Server v GMSC Server c th l mt giao thc iu khin cuc gi bt k. MGW c kh nng giao din vi c RAN v PSTN. Khi ny cuc gi n hoc t PSTN c th chuyn ni ht, nh vy c th tit kim ng k u t. V d, xt trng hp khi mt RNC c t ti thnh ph A v c iu khin bi mt MSC t ti thnh ph B. Gi s thu bao thnh ph A thc hin cuc gi ni ht. Nu khng c cu trc phn b, cuc gi cn chuyn t thnh ph A n thnh ph B (ni c MSC) u ni vi thu bao PSTN ti chnh thnh ph A. Vi cu trc phn b, cuc gi c th c iu khin ti MSC Server thnh ph B nhng ng truyn cc phng tin thc t c th vn thnh ph A, nh vy gim ng k yu cu truyn dn v gi thnh khai thc mng. HLR cng c th c gi l Server thu bao ti nh (HSS: Home Subscriber Server). HSS v HLR c chc nng tng ng, ngoi tr giao din vi HSS l giao din trn c s truyn ti gi (v d l IP) trong khi HLR s dng giao din trn c s bo
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hiu s 7. Ngoi ra cn c cc giao din gia SGSN vi HLR/HSS v gia GGSN vi HLR/HSS khng c ch ra trn hnh v. Rt nhiu giao thc c s dng bn trong mng li l cc giao thc trn c s gi s dng hoc IP hoc ATM. Tuy nhin mng phi giao din vi cc mng truyn thng qua vic s dng cc cng cc phng tin. Ngoi ra mng cng phi giao din vi cc mng SS7 tiu chun. Giao din ny c thc hin thng qua cng SS7 (SS7 GW). y l cng m mt pha n h tr truyn ti bn tin SS7 trn ng truyn ti SS7 tiu chun, pha kia n truyn ti cc bn tin ng dng SS7 trn mng gi (v d l IP). Cc thc th nh MSC Server, GMSC Server v HSS lin lc vi cng SS7 bng cch s dng cc giao thc truyn ti c thit k c bit mang cc bn tin SS7 mng IP. B giao thc ny c gi l Sigtran. 1.3.3 Kin trc mng WCDMA UMTS R5 v R6

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Kin trc WCDMA UMTS R5 v R6 l a ra kin trc mng a phng tin IP. Bc pht trin ny th hin s thay i ton b m hnh cuc gi. y c ting v s liu c x l ging nhau trn ton b ng truyn t u cui ca ngi s dng n ni nhn cui cng. C th coi kin trc ny l s hi t ton din ca ting v s liu. im mi ca R5 v R6 l n a ra mt min mi c gi l phn h a phng tin IP (IMS: IP Multimedia Subsystem). y l mt min mng IP c thit k h tr cc dch v a phng tin thi gian thc IP. C d liu ting v s liu khng cn cc giao din cch bit, ch c mt giao din Iu duy nht mang tt c phng tin. Trong mng li giao din ny kt cui ti SGSN v khng c MGW ring. Phn h a phng tin IP (IMS) cha cc phn t sau:

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- CSCF (Connection State Control Function: Chc nng iu khin trng thi kt ni) - MRF (Multimedia Resource Function: Chc nng ti nguyn a phng tin) - MGCF (Media Gateway Control Function: Chc nng iu khin cng cc phng tin) - T-SGW (Transport Signalling Gateway: Cng bo hiu truyn ti) - R-SGW (Roaming Signalling Gateway: Cng bo hiu chuyn mng) CSCF: Qun l vic thit lp , duy tr v gii phng cc phin a phng tin n v t ngi s dng. N bao gm cc chc nng nh bin dch v nh tuyn. CSCF hot ng nh mt i din Server. SGSN v GGSN: L cc phin bn tng cng ca cc nt c s dng GPRS v UMTS R3 v R4. im khc nhau duy nht l ch cc nt ny khng ch h tr dch v s liu gi m c dch v chuyn mch knh. V th cn h tr cc kh nng cht lng dch v (QoS) hoc bn trong SGSN v GGSN hoc t nht cc Router kt ni trc tip vi chng. Chc nng ti nguyn a ph ng tin (MRF): L chc nng lp cu hi nghi c s dng h tr cc tnh nng nh t chc cuc gi nhiu pha v dch v hi ngh . Cng bo hiu truyn ti (T-SGW): L mt cng bo hiu SS7 m bo tng tc SS7 vi cc mng tiu chun ngoi nh PSTN. T-SGW h tr cc giao thc Sigtran. Cng bo hiu chuyn mng (R-SGW): L mt nt m bo tng tc bo hiu vi cc mng di ng hin c s dng SS7 tiu chun. Trong nhiu trng hp T-SGW v R-SGW cng tn ti trn cng mt nn tng.
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MGW thc hin tng tc vi cc mng ngoi mc ng truyn a phng tin. MGW kin trc mng ca UMTS R5 c chc nng ging nh R4. MGW c iu khin bi chc nng cng iu khin cc phng tin (MGCF). Giao thc iu khin gia cc thc th ny l ITU-T H.248. MGCF cng lin lc vi CSCF. Giao thc c chn cho giao din ny l SIP. im ng ch l kin trc ny th hin s b sung thm cho mng li ch khng thay i mng li hin c (R4). Pht hnh 3GPP R5 v R6 a vo mt vng mng li mi b sung cho cc vng CS v PS, l vng a phng tin IP (IM: IP Multimedia). Vng mi ny cho php mang c thoi v s liu qua IP trn ton tuyn ni n my cm tay. Nh vy UTRAN by gi c th kt ni n ba vng ca mng li logic khc nhau: Vng CS, vng PS v vng a phng tin IP (IM). Khi UE mun s dng cc dch v ca mng li, n phi ch ra c vng n mun (vng IM l vng s dng cc dch v ca vng PS). Tt c lu lng ca IM u l gi v c truyn ti qua cc nt ca vng PS nh SGSN v GGSN. Kin trc IM cho php x l ting v gi mt cch thng nht trn ng truyn t UE n ni nhn, y xy ra s ha nhp hon ton ca ting v s liu, v th ting ch l mt dng s liu c cc yu cu QoS ring. S ha nhp ny cho php pht trin nhiu dch v mi. 1.4 KIN TRC MNG DCH CHUYN T GMS SANG UMTS Phn ny gii thiu chin lc dch chuyn t GSM sang UMTS ca hng Alcatel. Hng ny d kin s pht trin mng truy nhp RAN t GSM ln UMTS theo ba pht hnh l: 3GR1, 3GR2 v 3GR3. 1.4.1 Pht hnh 3GR1: Kin trc mng UMTS chng ln
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Pht hnh 3GP1 da trn pht hnh ca 3GPP vo thng 3 v cc c t k thut vo thng 6 nm 2000. Pht hnh u ca 3GR1 ch h tr UTRA-FDD v s c trin khai chng ln ln GSM. Chin lc dch chuyn t GSM sang UMTS pht hnh 3GR1 c chia thnh ba giai on c k hiu l R1.1, R1.2 v R1.3 (R: Release pht hnh). Trong cc pht hnh ny cc phn cng v cc tnh nng
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mi c a ra. Cc node B c gi l MBS (Multistandard Base Station: Trm gc a tiu chun). 1.4.2 Pht hnh 3GR2: Tch hp cc mng UMTS v GSM Trong giai on trin khai UMTS th hai s tch hp u tin gia hai mng s c thc hin bng cch a ra cc thit b a tiu chun nh: Node B kt hp BTS v RNC kt hp BSC Cc chc nng khai thc v bo dng mng v tuyn cng c th c thc hin chung bi cng mt OMC. Kin trc mng RAN tch hp ca giai on hai (hnh 1.9)

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1.4.3 Pht hnh 3GR3: Kin trc RAN thng nht

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Trong kin trc RAN ca pht hnh ny c xy dng trn c s pht hnh R5 vo thng 9 nm 2000 ca 3GPP. Trong pht hnh ny RAN chung cho c h thng UMTS v GSM. C UTRAFDD v UTRA-TDD u c h tr. Giao thc truyn ti c thng nht cho GSM, E-GPRS v UMTS, ngoi ra c th ATM kt hp IP. GERAN (GSM/EDGE RAN) cng s c h tr bi pht hnh ny ca mng

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CHNG 2 - CC K THUT S DNG TRONG H THNG WCDMA 2.1 S MY THU PHT V TUYN TRONG H THNG WCDMA My pht

S khi ca my pht v tuyn trong WCDMA (hnh 2.1). Lp vt l b sung CRC cho tng khi truyn ti (TB: Transport Block) l n v s liu gc cn x l nhn c t lp MAC(MediumAccess Control: iu khin truy nhp trung gian) pht hin li pha thu. Sau s liu c m ha knh v an xen. M ha ngun thc hin bin i tng t sang s v loi b cc thng tin tha khng cn thit. Mt m ha ngn s xm nhp v can thip vo lung thng tin. M ha knh nhm
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gim yu cu i vi rng bng tn v tr gi bng t s tn hiu trn tp m v xc sut li. S liu sau an xen c b sung thm cc bit iu khin cng sut pht TPC (Transmit Power Control), c sp xp ln cc nhnh I v Q ca QPSK v c tri ph hai lp (tri ph v ngu nhin ha). Chui chip sau ngu nhin ha c gii hn trong bng tn 5 MHz bng b lc Niquist cosin tng cn hai (h s dc 0,22) v c bin i thnh tng t bng b bin i D/A a ln iu ch vung gc cho sng mang. Tn hiu trung tn (IF) sau iu ch c bin i nng tn vo sng v tuyn (RF) trong bng tn 2 GHz, sau c a ln khuch i trc khi chuyn n anten pht vo khng gian. My thu

Ti pha thu, tn hiu thu c khuch i bng b khuch i tp m nh, sau c a vo tng trung tn (IF) thu ri c khuch
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i tuyn tnh bi b khuch i AGC. Sau khuch i AGC, tn hiu c gii iu ch c cc thnh phn I v Q. Cc tn hiu tng t ca cc thnh phn ny c bin i thnh s ti b bin i A/D sau tn hiu qua b lc Nyquist coin tng cn hai v c phn chia theo thi gian vo mt s thnh phn ng truyn c cc thi gian tr truyn sng khc nhau. Sau gii tri ph cho cc thnh phn ny, chng c kt hp li bi b kt hp my thu RAKE, tn hiu tng c gii an xen, gii m knh, c phn thnh cc khi truyn ti TB v c pht hin li. Cui cng chng c a n lp cao hn. Trong h thng thng tin di ng, cc bc x l s v tn hiu sau y c thc hin: - M ha ngun - Cng CRC cho tng khi truyn ti hoc khung v tuyn - M ha knh - an xen - Phi hp tc - iu ch phn di s xt nguyn l ca cc bc ni cho cc thit b v tuyn. 2.2 M HA KIM SOT LI C hai phng php sa li l: M ha knh (Sa li thun - FEC) v yu cu pht li t ng (ARQ). Trong h thng WCDMA s dng phng php m ha knh (FEC) do c bng thng rng nh qu trnh tri ph tn hiu bng cc m ngu nhin, vic s dng ny c th lm tng thm li x l (so vi li x l sau khi tri ph) C ba loi m kim sot li c s dng trong WCDMA l: - M khi tuyn tnh hay c th l m vng
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- M xon - M turbo Trong ba loi m trn, m vng c s dng pht hin li, cn hai loi m cn li c s dng sa li. M Turbo ch c s dng cc h thng thng tin di ng th h th ba khi tc bit cao. 2.2.1 M vng M vng cho php kim tra d vng (CRC: Cyclic Redundancy Cheek) hay ch th cht lng khung cc khung bn tin. M vng l mt tp con ca m khi tuyn tnh. B m ha c c trng bng a thc to m. C k bit u vo th b to m s cho ra mt t m n bit, trong n-k bit l cc bit CRC c b sung vo k bit u vo. T s r=k/n c gi l t l m vi r=n-k l s bit a thm vo b m ha cng vi s bit c truyn. Do n bit ra ch ph thuc vo k bit thng tin u vo, b to m khng cn nh v c th c th hin bng mch logic t hp. m ny, t m c rt ra t hai a thc: + a thc to m g(x) hay cn c gi l a thc sinh c bc r + a thc bn tin u(x). T m ny c n nh sau: Trong h thng WCDMA, cc a thc sinh c th c s dng l:

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g(x)=1+g 1 x+g 2 x 2 ++g n - k x n - k 2.2.2 M xon Cc m vng c gi l cc m khng c s ghi nh, cc t m hoc cc bit thm vo ch l mt hm ca khi bit hin ti. Tri li, cc m xon (Convolutional Code) hot ng c s ghi nh. i vi cc m xon, cc bit sau khi m ha l cc hm ca

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cc bit thng tin v cc hm ca di gii hn. c bit, mi bit sau khi m ha (ti u ra ca b m ha xon) l mt t hp tuyn Mt khu ca thanh ghi dch tnh ca mt s bit thng tin trc (n bit m c to ra khng ch ph thuc vo k bit u vo). M xon xc nh bi cc thng s sau: - T l m r = k/n vi di hu hn ca k bit u vo (ph thuc vo s phn t nh ca thanh ghi dch to nn b m ha) Mt b m ha xon gm mt thanh ghi dch to thnh cc phn t nh, cc u ra ca cc phn t nh c cng li vi nhau theo mt quy lut nht nh to nn cc chui m, sau cc chui ny c ghp xem vi nhau to chui m u ra. 2.2.3 M ha turbo B m ha turbo (hnh 2.4) bao gm hai b m ha xon theo phng php quy RSC1 v RSC2 v mt b an xen turbo bn trong b m ha turbo.

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Hnh 2.4. Cu hnh b m ha v gii m turbo

My thu s a vo b gii m turbo (ti to) cc knh an xen n t u ra ca b thu RAKE quyt nh mm (y 1 , y 2 y 3 )thut ton gii m lp ca b gii m turbo th b gii m 1 s tnh ton thng tin ra L theo y 1 , y 2 Le phn hi v b gii m 1 lp li qu trnh trn. Sau m php lp, chui s liu pht s c khi phc bi mt ngng quyt nh (quyt nh cng) thep t l loga gn ng (LLR) l L(bk). LLR cho ra bit gii m bk. L(bk) c biu din bi phng trnh sau: L(bk) = ln [P(bk= +1)/P(bk= -1)] (2.1)
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Trong phng trnh ny, P(bk= +1) v P(bk= -1) l cc xut tng ng bk= +1 v bk= -1. Trong WCDMA, m ha knh s dng m xon cho truyn s liu tc thp v tn hiu thoi cn m turbo c s dng cho truyn s liu tc cao 64 kbps hoc 384 kbps.

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2.3 PHI HP TC V AN XEN 2.3.1 Phi hp tc

Hnh 2.5. Trch b cc knh TrCH c m ha turbo

Phi hp tc c ngha l lp hoc trch b cc k hiu knh truyn ti (vit tt l TrCH) t c tc k hiu nh nhau cho cc knh c tc bit khc nhau cc cu hnh v tuyn khc nhau. Lp cao s n nh thuc tnh ca phi hp tc cho tng TrCH. Thuc tnh ny l bn c nh v ch c th thay i theo thng bo ca lp cao. Thuc tnh phi hp tc c s dng tnh s bit cn lp hoc trch b. Ta xt trch b cho m turbo WCDMA lm v d cho phi hp trch b phi hp tc p dng ring r cho Y v Y. Trch b khng p dng cho X (tr cc bit ui m li) nn cn tch ring cc chui bit X, Y, Y. Chc nng phn tch bit s trong sut i vi cc TrCH khng c m ha cc knh TrCH m ha xon v cc knh m ha turbo c lp. 2.3.2 an xen an xen c thc hin trn nguyn tc l lung k hiu pht c vit vo mt ma trn nh gm cc hng v cc ct theo trnh t
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pht, sau c c ra t ma trn ny theo cc a ch c xc nh bi mt quy nh no bo m vic hon v v tr cc k t.

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2.4 CNG NGH A TRUY NHP CA WCDMA H thng WCDMA s dng a truy nhp phn chia theo m CDMA hot ng bng tn rng. CDMA l phng php a truy nhp m mi my u cui c cung cp mt knh tn s v mt m duy nht. y l phng thc a truy nhp da trn nguyn l tri ph. Tn ti ba phng php tri ph l: - Tri ph theo chui trc tip (DS: Direct Sequency) - Tri ph theo nhy tn (FH: Frequency) - Tri ph theo nhy thi gian (TH: Time Hopping) 2.4.1 Cc h thng thng tin tri ph Trong cc h thng thng tin thng thng rng bng thng l vn quan tm chnh v cc h thng ny c thit k s dng cng t rng bng thng cng tt. Trong cc h thng iu ch bin song bin, rng bng thng cn thit pht mt ngun tn hiu tng t gp hai ln rng bng thng ca ngun ny. Trong cc h thng iu tn rng bng thng ny c th bng vi ln rng bng thng ngun ph thuc vo ch s iu ch. i vi mt s tn hiu s, rng bng thng chnh xc cn thit trong trng hp ny ph thuc vo kiu iu ch (BPSK, QPSK..). Trong cc h thng thng tin tri ph (SS: Spread Strectrum) rng bng thng ca tn hiu c m rng, thng thng hng trm ln trc khi c pht. Khi ch c mt ngi s dng trong bng thng SS, s dng bng thng nh vy
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nhng ngi s dng ny c th dng chung mt bng thng SS (tri ph) v h thng tr nn s dng bng thng c hiu sut cao m vn duy tr c cc u im ca tri ph. Mt h thng thng tin s c coi l SS nu: - Tn hiu c pht chim rng bng thng ln hn rng bng thng ti thiu cn thit pht thng tin. - Tri ph c thc hin bng mt ma trn c lp vi s liu. 2.4.2 Nguyn l chung ca DSSS v p dng DSSS vo CDMA
H thng WCDMA s dng DSSS. H thng DSSS t c tri ph bng cch nhn tn hiu ngun vi mt tn hiu gi ngu nhin c tc chip (Rc = 1/Tc, Tc l thi gian

mt chip) cao hn nhiu tc bit (Rb = 1/Tb, Tb l thi gian mt bit) ca lung s liu cn pht. Ti pha thu lung y thc hin nhim v gii tri ph khi phc li lung x bng cch nhn lung ny vi m tri ph c ging nh pha pht: x = yc

Hnh 2.6. Tri ph chui trc tip (DSSS)

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Hnh 2.7. Qu trnh gii tri ph v lc tn hiu ca ngi s dng k t tp K ngi s dng

2.4.3 H thng DSSS-BPSK My pht DSSS BPSK

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D liu hoc tin tc b(t) nhn cc gi tr 1. Tn hiu b(t) c tri ph bng tn hiu tri ph c(t) bng cch nhn hai tn hiu ny vi nhau. Tn hiu nhn c b(t)c(t) sau c iu ch cho sng mang s dng BPSK, cho ta tn hiu DS/SSBPSK

Hnh 2.9. S my thu ca h thng DSSS-BPSK my thu c th khi phc bn tin th my thu phi ng b vi tn hiu thu c. Qu trnh xc nh ny c gi l qu trnh ng b, thng c thc hin hai bc l bt v bm m. Qu trnh nhn c ti gi l qu trnh khi phc ng h STR (Symbol Timing Recovery: nh thi). Qu trnh nhn c cng nh fc l qu trnh khi phc sng mang. 2.4.4 H thng DSSS-QPSK

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S khi chc nng ca my pht DSSS-QPSK nh trn hnh 2.10 cng vi cc biu dng sng ti cc im khc nhau. N gm hai nhnh: Nhnh cng pha v nhnh vung pha.

Hnh 2.10. S tri ph DSSS-QPSK

Hnh 2.11. S khi my thu DSSS-QPSK

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Cc thnh phn cng pha v vung pha c gii tri ph ring bit bi c1(t) v c2(t). Gi s tr truyn lan l th tn hiu ti s l (b qua tp m). Cc h thng DSSS c th c s dng cc cu hnh khc nhau. Cc h thng trn c s dng pht mt tn hiu c tc bit l 1/T bit/s. PG ( li x l) v rng bng tn b chim bi tn hiu DSSS-QPSK ph thuc vo cc tc chip ca c1(t) v c2(t). Ta cng c th s dng mt h thng DSSS-QPSK pht hai tn hiu s 1/T bit/s bng cch mi tn hiu iu ch mt nhnh. Mt dng khc c th s dng mt h thng DSSS-QPSK pht mt tn hiu s c tc bit gp i 2/T bit/s bng cch chia tn hiu s thnh hai tn hiu c tc bit 1/T bit/s v chng iu ch mt trong hai nhnh. 2.4.5 M hnh h thng DS CDMA Trong tri ph chui trc tip, tn hiu bng gc c tri thnh bng rng bng m tri ph hay m gi tp m PN. Tn hiu tri ph c mt cng sut thp (W/Hz). N xut hin gn nh l tp m nn i vi my thu thngthng v ni chung ch gy nn nhiu nh. C th coi thng tin tri ph nh thng tin ring, ch my thu ch nh bit c m tri mi c th gii tri tn hiu tri ph v gii m tin tc. Khi hai tn hiu tri ph chia s cng bng tn, s c c lng xuyn m hoc nhiu l nhau nht nh, tuy nhin khc vi cc truyn dn bng hp,nhiu ny khng c hi. l v chng ta c th thit k cc m tri tt vi cc gi tr tng quan cho thp sao cho chng gn nh l trc giao, tc hm tng quan cho gn bng 0. Kt qu l nhiu tn hiu tri ph c th chia s cng knh tn s v s khng c nhiu tng h nghim trng. Di y l h thng DSSS v ng dng vo CDMA.
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Hnh 2.12. H thng DSCDMA: My pht v my thu t ng quan

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u ra ca b tng quan c ly mu sau a n mch ngng (b phn bit) v bit s liu + c quyt nh nu mu > 0V v l nu ngc li. 2.5 NGU NHIN HA Khi nim tri ph va c xt trong mc 2.4. Ngoi tri ph, mt b phn ca my pht s thc hin vic ngu nhin ha. Qu trnh ny cn thit phn bit cc UE v cc node B. Ngu nhin ha c thc hin thm, v th n khng lm thay i rng bng tn, nhng cho php phn bit cc tn hiu t cc ngun khc nhau. Hnh 2.13 cho thy quan h gia tc chip trong knh vi tri ph v ngu nhin ha UTRA. Tc chip iu ch tri ph WCDMA l 3,84 Mcps. V vy tc chip t c khi tri ph bng cc m nh knh nn tc k hiu khng thay i khi ngu nhin ha.

Hnh 2.13. Quan h gia tri ph v ngu nhin ha 2.6 CC M TRI PH DNG TRONG WCDMA

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Khi nim tri ph c p dng cho cc knh vt l. C hai giai on, u tin l nh knh, trong mi k hiu s liu c chuyn thnh mt s chip nh vy tng rng ph tn hiu. S chip trn mt k hiu (hay t s gia tc chip v tc k hiu) c gi l h s tri ph (SF: Spectrum Factor), hay ni cch khc SF=Rs/Rc trong Rs l tc k hiu cn Rc l tc chip. H s tri ph l mt gi tr kh bin, ngoi tr i vi knh chia s ngxung vt l tc cao (HS-PDSCH ) trong HSDPA c SF=16. Th hai l ngu nhin ha tng tnh trc giao trong mt m ngu nhin ha c trn vi tn hiu tri ph. M ngu nhin ho c xy dng trn c s m Gold. Trong qu trnh nh knh, cc k hiu s liu c nhn vi mt m OVSF (Orthogonal Variable Spread Factor: M trc giao h s kh bin) ng b v thi gian vi bin ca k hiu. Trong 3GPP, OVSF c s dng cho cc tc k hiu khc nhau v c k hiu l Cch,SF,k trong SF l h s tri ph ca m v k l s th t m (0 k SF-1). Cc m nh knh c cc tnh cht trc giao v c s dng phn bit cc thng tin c pht i cng t mt ngun: - Cc kt ni khc nhau trn ng xung trong cng mt trn ng xung v gim nhiu ni - Cc knh s liu vt l ng ln t mt UE (2) (1)

Trn ng xung cc m OVSF trong m b hn ch v th cn c qun l bi RNC, tuy nhin iu ny khng xy ra i vi ng ln. Khi chn m nh knh chng khng tng quan vi nhau. Chng hn khi chn m Cch,8,4=+1-1+1-1+1-1+1-1, khng c s dng m Cch,16,8=+1- 1+1-1+1-1+1-1+1-1+1-1+1-1+1-1; v hai m ny
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hon ton ging nhau (tch ca chng bng 1) v chng s gy nhiu cho nhau.

Hnh 2.14. Cy m nh knh Cc m OVSF ch hiu qu khi cc knh c ng b hon ho ti mc k hiu. Mt tng quan cho do truyn sng a ng c b tr bi thao tc ngu nhin ha b sung. Vi thao tc ngu nhin ha, phn thc (I) v phn o (Q) catn hiu tri ph c nhn b sung vi m ngu nhin ha phc. M ngu nhin ha phc c s dng phn bit cc ngun pht: Ngun (1) cc khc nhau i vi ng xung v ngun (2) cc UE khc nhau i ving ln. Cc m ny c cc tnh cht tng quan tt (trung bnh ha nhiu) v lun c s dng trn vi cc m tri ph nhng khng lm nh hng rng ph tn hiu v bng thng truyn dn.
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ng truyn gia node B v UE trong WCDMA cha nhiu knh. C th chia cc knh ny thnh hai loi: - Knh ring truyn lu lng - Knh chung mang cc thng tin iu khin v bo hiu ng truyn t UE n node B c gi l ng ln, cn ng ngc li t node B n UE c gi l ng xung. Trc ht ta xt tri ph cho cc knh ng ln. 2.7 MY THU PHN TP A NG MY THU RAKE Phadinh a ng trn knh v tuyn dn n phn tn thi gian v chn lc tn s lm hng tn hiu thu. nh gi hin tng phn tn thi gian trn ng truyn v tuyn, ngi ta pht i mt xung hp (xung kim) v o p ng xung ny ti pha thu. p ng th hin s ph thuc cng sut ca cc ng truyn khc nhau n my thu vo thi gian tr ca cc ng truyn ny. Chui tn hiu gi ngu nhin c pht i CDMA c thuc tnh l cc phin bn dch thi ca n ti pha thu hu nh khng tng quan.

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Hnh 2.15. Truyn sng a ng Trong my thu RAKE nhn c cc phin bn dch thi ca chui ngu nhin, tn hiu thu phi i qua ng tr trc khi c ly tng quan v c kt hp. ng tr bao gm nhiu mt tr c thi gian tr bng thi gian mt chip Tc. My thu dch nh thi bn sao m tri ph tng chip cho tng k hiu thng tin gii tri ph k hiu trong vng mt k hiu. Vi tham kho l lch tr cng sut, my thu chn cc ng truyn c cng sut vt ngng kt hp RAKE trn c s s lng b tng quan, b c tnh knh v b b tr thay i pha. Trong trng hp p dng thu phn tp khng gian hay phn tp gia cc on , l lch tr cng sut c to ra cho mi

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nhnh v cc ng truyn c chn t l lch tr cng sut sut tng hp ca tt c cc nhnh.

Hnh: 2.16. My thu RAKE V MS chuyn ng (hoc mi trng truyn sng thay i khi MS c nh), nn v tr ng truyn (thi gian tr) c kt hp RAKE cng s thng xuyn thay i, my phi nh k cp nht l lch tr ng truyn v cp nht cc ng truyn c kt hp RAKE trn c s l lch mi (qu trnh ny c gi l tm kim ng truyn v n lin quan n tm kim ng truyn kt hp RAKE). 2.8 IU KHIN CNG SUT iu khin cng sut trong WCDMA c chia thnh: - iu khin cng sut vng h - iu khin cng sut vng kn
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iu khin cng sut vng h c thc hin t ng ti UE khi n thc hin th tc xin truy nhp node B (da trn cng sut m n thu c t knh hoa tiu pht i t B), khi ny UE cha c kt ni vi nt ny. Cn iu khin cng sut vng kn c thc hin khi UE kt ni vi node B. iu khin cng sut vng h li c chia thnh: - iu khin cng sut vng trong c thc hin ti node B. iu khincng sut vng trong c thc hin nhanh vi 1500 ln trong mt giy da trn so snh SIR thu vi SIR ch - iu khin cng sut vng ngoi c thc hin ti RNC thit lpSIR ch cho node B. iu khin cng sut ny da trn so snh t l likhi (BLER) thu c vi t l ch. 2.9 CHUYN GIAO TRONG H THNG WCDMA Thng thng chuyn giao (HO: Handover) c hiu l qu trnh trong knh lu lng ca mt UE c chuyn sang mt knh khc m bo cht lng truyn dn. Tuy nhin trong CDMA khi nim ny ch thch hp cho chuyn giao cng cn i vi chuyn giao mm khi nim ny phc tp hn, ta s xt c th trong phn di y. C th chia HO thnh cc kiu HO sau: * HO ni h thng xy ra bn trong mt h thng WCDMA. C th chia nh HO ny thnh - HO ni h thng gia cc thuc cng mt tn s sng mang WCDMA - HO gia cc tn s (IF-HO) gia cc hot ng trn cc tn s WCDMA khc nhau * HO gia cc h thng (IS-HO) gia cc thuc hai cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn (RAT) khc nhau hay cc ch truy nhp v tuyn (RAM) khc nhau. Trng hp thng xuyn xy ra
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nht i vi kiu th nht l HO gia cc h thng WCDMA v GSM/EDGE. Tuy nhin cng c th l IS-HO gia WCDMA v h thng cc h thng CDMA khc (cdma20001x). V d v HO gia cc RAM l HO gia cc ch UTRA FDD v UTRA TDD. C th c cc th tc HO sau: - Chuyn giao cng (HHO) l cc th tc HO trong tt c cc ngtruyn v tuyn c ca mt UE c gii phng trc khi thit lp ccng truyn v tuyn mi - Chuyn giao mm (SHO) v chuyn giao mm hn (hnh 2.18) l cc th tc trong UE lun duy tr t nht mt ng v tuyn ni nUTRAN. Trong chuyn giao mm UE ng thi c ni n mt haynhiu thuc cc nt B khc nhau ca cng mt RNC (SHO ni RNC)hay thuc cc RNC khc nhau (SHO gia cc RNC). Trong chuyn giao mm hn UE c ni n t nht l haion ca cng mt nt B.SHO v HO mm hn ch c th xy ra trn cng mt tn s sng mangv trong cng mt h thng. Ph thuc s tham gia trong SHO, cc trong mt h thng WCDMA c chia thnh cc tp sau y: + Tp tch cc bao gm cc (on ) hin ang tham gia vo mt kt ni SHO ca UE + Tp ln cn/ tp c gim st (c hai t c s dng nh nhau). Tp ny bao gm tt c cc c gim st/o lin tc bi UE v hin thi khng c trong tp tch cc + Tp c pht hin. Tp ny bao gm cc c UE pht hin nhng khng thuc tp tch cc ln tp ln cn.

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Hnh 2.17. Chuyn giao mm (a) v mm hn (b)

CHNG 3 - GIAO DIN V TUYN CA MNG WCDMA UMTS 3.1 GII THIU CHUNG H thng WCDMA UMTS l mt trong cc tiu chun ca IMT-2000 nhm pht trin ca GSM cung cp cc kh nng cho th h ba. WCDMA UMTS s dng mng a truy nhp v tuyn trn c s cng ngh WCDMA v mng li c pht trin t GSM/GPRS. WCDMA c th c hai gii php cho giao din v tuyn: - Ghp song cng phn chia theo tn s (FDD: Frequency Division Duplex)
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- Ghp song cng phn chia theo thi gian (TDD: Time Division Duplex) Gii php FDD s dng hai bng tn 5 MHz vi hai sng mang phn cch nhau 190 MHz: ng ln c bng tn nm trong di ph t 1920 MHz n 1980 MHz, ng xung c bng tn nm trong di ph t 2110 MHz n 2170 Mhz. rng bng danh nh l 5 MHz, ta cng c th chn rng bng t 4,4 MHz n 5 MHz vi nc tng l 200 KHz. Vic chn rng bng ng n cho php trnh c nhiu giao thoa nht l khi khi 5 MHz tip theo thuc nh khai thc khc. Gii php TDD s dng cc tn s nm trong di 1900 1920 MHz v t 2010 - 2025 MHz, y ng ln v ng xung s dng chung mt bng tn. WCDMA s dng phng php tri ph chui trc tip vi tc chip l 3,84 Mcps. Trong WCDMA mng truy nhp v tuyn c gi l UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio AccessNetwork). Cc phn t ca UTRAN rt khc vi cc phn t mng truy nhp v tuyn ca GSM. V th kh nng s dng li cc BTS v BSC ca GSM l rt hn ch. Mt s nh sn xut cng c k hoch nng cp cc BTS ca GSM cho WCDMA h s thay th mt s b thu pht BTS t GSM v thay vo cc b thu pht mi cho WCDMA. Mt s t nh sn sut cn lp k hoch xa hn. H ch to cc BSC ng thi cho c GSM v WCDMA. Tuy nhin a phn cc nh sn sut phi thay th GSM BSC bng RNC mi cho WCDMA. WCDMA s dng rt nhiu kin trc ca mng GSM, GPRS hin c cho mng ca mnh. Cc phn t nh MSC, HLR,
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SGSN, GGSN c th c nng cp t mng hin c h tr ng thi WCDMA v GSM. 3.2 KIN TRC NGN XP GIAO THC CA GIAO DIN V TUYN Kin trc giao din v tuyn ca WCDMA trn hnh 3.1. Ngn xp giao thc ca giao din v tuyn bao gm 3 lp giao thc: - Lp vt l (L1): c t cc vn lin quan n giao din v tuyn nh iu ch v m ha, tri ph.. - Lp lin kt ni s liu (L2): Lp khun s liu vo cc khi s liu v m bo truyn dn tin cy gia cc nt ln cn hay cc thc th ng cp - Lp mng (L3): c t nh a ch v nh tuyn

Hnh 3.1. Kin trc giao thc ca giao din v tuyn WCDMA
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Lp 3 v RLC c chia thnh hai mt phng: Mt phng iu khin (C-Plane) v mt phng ngi s dng (U-Plane). PDCP v BMC ch c mt phng U. Trong mt phng C lp 3 bao gm RRC (Radio resource Control: iu khin ti nguyn v tuyn) kt cui ti RAN v cc lp con cao hn: MM (Mobility Management) v CC (Connection Management), GMM (GPRS Mobility Management), SM (Session Management) kt cui ti mng li (CN). Lp 2 c chia thnh cc lp con: MAC (Medium Access Control: iu khin truy nhp mi trng) v RLC (Radio link Control: iu khin lin kt), PDCP (Packet Data Convergence Protocol: Giao thc hi t s liu gi) v BMC (Broadcast/Multicast Control: iu khin qung b/ a phng ). Lp vt l l lp thp nht giao din v tuyn. Lp vt l c s dng truyn dn giao din v tuyn. Mi knh vt l lp ny c xc nh bng mt t hp tn s, m ngu nhin ho (m nh knh) v pha (ch cho ng ln). Cc knh c s dng vt l truyn thng tin ca cc lp cao trn giao din v tuyn, tuy nhin cng c mt s knh vt l ch c dnh cho hot ng ca lp vt l. 3.3 CC KNH CA WCDMA Cc knh ca WCDMA c chia thnh cc loi knh sau y: - Knh vt l (PhCH): Knh mang s liu trn giao din v tuyn. Mi PhCH c mt tri ph m nh knh duy nht phn bit vi knh khc. Mt ngi s dng tch cc c th s dng cc PhCH ring, chung hoc c hai. Knh ring l knh PhCH dnh ring cho mt UE cn knh chung c chia s gia cc UE trong mt .
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- Knh truyn ti (TrCH): Knh do lp vt l cung cp cho lp 2 truyn s liu. Cc knh TrCH c sp xp ln cc PhCH. - Knh Logic (LoCH): Knh c lp con MAC ca lp 2 cung cp cho lp cao hn. Knh LoCH c xc nh bi kiu thng tin m n truyn. 3.4 KNH VT L 3.4.1 Cc knh vt l

Hnh 3.2. Cc knh ca lp vt l DPCH (Dedicated Physical Channel: Knh vt l ring) Knh hai chiu ng xung, ng ln c n nh ring cho UE. Gm DPDCH (Dedicated Physical Data Channel: Knh vt l s liu ring) v DPCCH (Dedicated Physical Control Channel: Knh vt l iu khin ring). Trn ng xung DPDCH v
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DPCCH c ghp theo thi gian vi ngu nhin ha phc cn trn ng ln c ghp m I/Q vi ngu nhin ha phc. DPDCH (Dedicated Physical Data Channel: Knh vt l s liu ring) Khi s dng DPCH mi UE c n nh t nht mt DPDCH. Knh c s dng pht s liu ngi s dng t lp cao hn. DPCCH (Dedicated Physical Control Channel: Knh vt l iu khin ring) Khi s dng DPCH, mi UE ch c n nh mt DPCCH. Knh c s dng iu khin lp vt l ca DPCH. DPCCH l knh i km vi DPDCH. CPICH (Common Pilot Channel: Knh hoa tiu chung) Knh chung ng xung. C hai kiu knh CPICH: PCPICH (Primary CPICH: CPICH s cp) v S-CPICH (Secondary CPICH: CPICH th cp). P-CPICH m bo tham chun nht qun cho ton b UE thu c SCH. Knh S-CPICH m bo tham kho nht qun chung trong mt phn hoc on cho trng hp s dng anten thng minh c bp sng hp. P-CCPCH (Primary Common Control Physical Channel Knh vt l iu khin chung s cp): Knh chung ng xung. Mi c mt knh truyn BCH S-CCPCH (Secondary Common Control Physical Channel: Knh vt l iu khin chung th cp) Knh chung ng xung. Mt c th c mt hay nhiu S-CCPCH. c s dng truyn PCH v FACH. SCH (Synchrronization Channel: Knh ng b) Knh chung ng xung. C hai kiu knh SCH: SCH s cp v SCH th cp. Mi ch c mt SCH s cp v th cp. c s dng tm .
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PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel: Knh vt l chia s ng xung) Knh chung ng xung. Mi c nhiu PDSCH (hoc khng c). c s dng mang knh truyn ti DSCH. PRACH (Physical Random Access Channel: Knh vt l truy nhp ngu nhin) Knh chung ng ln. c s dng mang knh truyn ti RACH. PCPCH (Physical Common Packet Channel: Knh vt l gi chung) Knh chung ng ln. c s dng mang knh truyn ti CPCH. AICH (Acquisition Indication Channel: Knh ch th bt) Knh chung ng xung i cp vi PRACH. c s dng iu khin truy nhp ngu nhin ca PRACH. PICH (Page Indication Channel: Knh ch th tm gi) Knh chung ng xung i cp vi S-CCPCH (khi knh ny mang PCH) pht thng tin kt cui cuc gi cho tng nhm cuc gi kt cui. Khi nhn c thng bo ny, UE thuc nhm kt cui cuc gi th n s thu khung v tuyn trn S-CCPCH. CSICH (CPCH Status Indicator Channel: Knh ch th trng thi CPCH) Knh chung ng xung lin kt vi AP-AICH pht thng tin v trng thi kt ni ca PCPCH. CD/CA-ICH (CPCH Collision Detection/ Channel Assignment Indicator Channel: Knh ch th pht hin va chm CPCH/ n nh knh): Knh chung ng xung i cp vi PCPCH. c s dng iu khin va chm PCPCH.
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3.4.2 Cc knh ng ln 3.4.2.1 Cu trc knh DPDCH v DPCCH DPCCH s dng cu trc khe vi 15 khe trn mt khung v tuyn 10ms. Mt khe thi gian c lu l 2560 chip. iu ny dn n 2560 chip s c rng l 666 s. Nh vy rng khe rt gn vi rng khe bng 577 s. Mi khe gm bn trng dnh cho cc bit hoa tiu, TFCI (ch th kt hp khun dng), cc bit iu khin cng sut pht (TPC: Transmit Power Control) v cc bit thng tin phn hi (FBI: Feedback Information). Cc bit FBI c s dng khi s dng phn tp pht vng kn ng xung. C tt c 6 cu trc khe cho DPCCH ng ln. C cc ty chn sau: 0, 1 hay hai bit cho FBI v c hoc khng c ccbit TFCI. Cc bit hoa tiu v TPC lun lun c mt v s bit ca chng c thay i lun s dng ht khe DPCCH. Hnh 3.3 cho thy cu trc khung ca cc knh vt l ring ng ln, mi khung c di 10ms c chia thnh 15 khe, mi khe di Tslot = 2560 chip, tng ng vi mt chu k iu khin cng sut.

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Hnh 3.3. Cu trc khung v tuyn cho DPDCH/DPCCH ng ln 3.4.2.2 Cu trc knh PRACH v knh PCPCH a. Knh truy nhp ngu nhin vt l (PRACH) c s dng mang RACH. Hnh 3.4 di l qu trnh truy nhp ngu nhin RACH.

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Hnh 3.4. Qu trnh truy nhp ngu nhin RACH b. Knh gi chung vt l (PCPCH) Knh gi chung vt l (PCPCH) c s dng mang CPCH v y l s m rng ca RACH. S khc bit ch yu so vi truyn s liu RACH l knh ny c th dnh trc nhiu khung, v c s dng iu khin cng sut (iu ny khng cn thit i vi RACH v n ch s dng mt hoc hai khung). CPCH i cp vi DPCCH ng xung cung cp thng tin iu khin cng sut nhanh. Ngoi ra mng cng c mt ty chn thng bo cho cc u cui pht hin cc tin t iu khin cng sut trc khi pht thc s. 3.4.3 Cc knh ng xung 3.4.3.1 Cu trc knh ring ng xung (DPCH) Knh ring ng xung (DCH) c pht trn knh vt l ring ng xung. Ch c mt kiu knh vt l ng xung.
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Knh vt l ring ng xung (DPCH ng xung). Trong mt knh DPCH ng xung, s liu ring c to ra bi lp hai v cc lp trn, ngha l knh truyn ti ring (DCH) c ghp knh theo thi gian vi thng tin iu khin c to ra lp mt (cc bit hoa tiu, cc lnh iu khin cng sut pht TPC v mt TFCI ty chn). DPCH ng xung c th c coi nh l ghp knh theo thi gian ca hai knh DPDCH v DPCCH nh ng ln. UTRAN s quyt nh c pht TFCI hay khng v nu c quyt nh th tt c cc UE phi h tr vic s dng TFCI ng xung. 3.4.3.2 Cc knh vt l chung ng xung a. Knh hoa tiu chung (CPICH) CIPCH l knh vt l ng xung c tc c nh (30 kbps, SF = 256) mang chui bit/k hiu c nh ngha trc. b. Knh vt l iu khin chung s cp (P-CCPCH) P-CCPCH l cc knh vt l ng xung tc c nh (30 kbps, SF = 256) c s dng mang BCH. Cu trc khung ca P-CCPCH .Cu trc khung ny khc vi DPCH ng xung ch khng c lnh TPC, TFCI v cc bit hoa tiu. P-CCPCH khng c pht trong 256 chip u ca tng khe. Trong khong thi gian ny SCH s cp v th cp c pht c. Knh vt l iu khin chung th cp (S-CCPCH) S-CCPCH c s dng mang thng tin FACH v PCH. C hai kiu S-CCPCH: Kiu c TFCI v kiu khng c TFCI. UTRAN xc nh c pht TFCI hay khng, nu c cc UE phi h tr vic s dng TFCI. Tp cc tc cng ging nh i vi DPCH ng xung. d. Knh ng b (SCH)
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Knh ng b (SCH) l tn hiu ng xung c s dng tm . SCH gm hai knh con: SCH s cp v th cp. Cc khung 10 ms ca SCH s cp v th cp c chia thnh 15 khe, mi khe di 2560 chip. SCH th cp gm pht lp 15 chui cc m c iu ch c di 256 chip. Cc m ng b th cp (SSC) c pht ng thi vi SCH s cp. SSC c k hiu csi,k, trong i = 1, 2, .., 64 l con s ca nhm m di 256. Chui ny SCH l th cp ch th m ngu nhin ng xung ca thuc nhm m ny. e. Knh vt l dng chung ng xung (PDSCH) Knh vt l dng chung ng xung (PDSCH) c s dng mang knh dng chung ng xung. Knh ny c nhiu ngi s dng dng chung trn c s ghp knh m. V DSCH lun lin kt vi DCH nn PDSCH lun lin kt vi DPCH. Cu trc khung v tuyn v khe thi gian ca PDSCH . C hai phng php bo hiu thng bo cho UE v vic c s liu cn gii m trn DSCH: Hoc bng trng TFCI hoc bng bo hiu lp cao. f. Knh ch th bt (AICH) Knh ch th bt (AICH: Acquisition indicator Channel) l mt knh vt l c s dng mang cc ch th bt. Ch th btAIs tng ng vi ch k s trn knh PRACH hoc PCPCH. Lu rng i vi PCPCH, AICH hoc tng ng tin t truy nhp hoc tin t CD. AICH tng ng tin t truy nhp l AP-AICH cn AICH tng ng tin t CD l CD-AICH. AP-AICH v CDAICH s dng cc m nh knh khc nhau. Cu trc ca AICH, AICH gm mt chui lp ca 15 khe truy nhp lin tip (AS: Time Slot), mi khe di 40 bit. Mi khe
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gm hai phn: Phn ch th bt (AI) gm 32 k hiu gi tr thc a0, , a31 v mt phn khng s dng gm 8 k hiu gi tr thc a32, , a39 Knh c h s tri ph bng 256. g. Knh ch th tm gi (PICH) Knh ch th tm gi (PICH) l knh vt l tc c nh (SF= 256) cs dng mang cc ch th tm gi (PI) lun lin kt vi S-CCPCH m knh PCH c sp xp ln. Mt khung PICH di 10 ms cha 300 bit (b0, b1,, b299). Trong s , 288 bit (b0,b1,, b287) c s dng mang cc ch th tm gi v 12 bit cn li (b288,b289,, b299) khng c nh ngha. 3.5 CC KNH TRUYN TI DCH (Dedicated Channel: Knh ring) Knh hai chiu c s dng pht s liu ca ngi s dng. c nnh ring cho ngi s dng. C kh nng thay i tc v iu khin cng sut nhanh. BCH (Broadcast Channel: Knh qung b) Knh chung ng xung pht thng tin qung b (chng hn thng tin h thng, thng tin ) FACH (Forward Access Channel: Knh truy nhp ng xung) Knh chung ng xung pht thng tin iu khin v s liu ca ngi s dng. Knh chia s chung cho nhiu UE. c s dng truyn s liu tc thp cho lp cao hn. PCH (Paging Channel: Knh tm gi) Knh chung dng xung pht cc tn hiu tm gi RACH (Random Access Channel: Knh truy nhp ngu nhin)

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Knh chung ng ln pht thng tin iu khin v s liu ngi s dng. p dng trong truy nhp ngu nhin v c s dng truyn s liu thp ca ngi s dng. CPCH (Common Packet Channel: Knh gi chung) Knh chung ng ln pht s liu ngi s dng. p dng trong truy nhp ngu nhin v c s dng trc ht truyn s liu cm. DSCH (Dowlink Shared Channel: Knh chia s ng xung) Knh chung ng xung pht s liu gi. Chia s cho nhiu UE. S dng trc ht cho truyn dn s liu tc cao. 3.6 KNH LOGIC 3.6.1 Cc knh iu khin Cc knh iu khin (CCH: Control Channel) c chc nng truyn thng tin iu khin, bao gm cc knh: BCCH (Broadcast Control Channel: Knh iu khin qung b): Knh ng xung pht qung b thng tin h thng. PCCH (Paging Control Channel: Knh iu khin tm gi): Knh ng xung pht qung b thng tin tm gi CCCH (Common Control Channel: Knh iu khin chung): Knh hai chiu pht thng tin iu khin gia mng v cc UE. c s dng khi khng c kt ni RRC hoc khi truy nhp mt mi. DCCH (Dedicated Control Channel: Knh iu khin ring): Knh hai chiu im n im pht thng tin iu khin ring gia UE v mng. c thit lp bi thit lp kt ni ca RRC. 3.6.2 Cc knh l u lng Cc knh lu lng (TCH: Traffic Channel) c chc nng truyn thng tin ca ngi s dng, bao gm cc knh: DTCH (Dedicated Traffic Channel: Knh lu lng ring): Knh hai chiu im n im ring cho mt UE truyn thng tin ca
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ngi s dng. DTCH c th tn ti c ng ln ln ng xung. CTCH (Common Traffic Channel: Knh lu lng chung): Knh mt chiu im a im truyn thng tin ca mt ngi s dng cho tt c hay mt nhm ngi s dng quy nh hoc ch cho mt ngi s dng. Knh ny ch c ng xung.

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