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S DNG MY TNH B TI CASIO GII TON THNG K

24 Thng 9 I. Mc ch: Cc bi ton thng k thng i hi phi x l mt khi lng s liu ln trong mt thi gian hn ch ( thng k dn s, thng k cc kt qu o c, th nghim). Nh vy vi my tnh b ti c th thit k cc bi ton va bo m kh nng thc hnh tt, va c ni dung gn vi thc t hn, gip hc sinh khi ra trng d ha nhp vi cuc sng. II. Ni dung thc hin : 1. Tnh ton thng k trn my tnh in t b ti Casio fx- 500MS v Casio fx- 570MS. Vo chng trnh thng k: Trn Casio fx-500MS: ON MODE 2 Trn Casio fx-570MS: ON MODE MODE 1 Cc thao tc cn li trn 2 my l nh nhau. tnh im trung bnh ca hc sinh trong th d 2.1, ta bm phm ON MODE 2 trn Casio fx500MS v ON MODE MODE 1 trn Casio fx-570MS (vo chng trnh thng k) v khai bo cc s liu cng vi tn s: Bm phm: 6 SHIFT ; 2 DT 7 SHIFT ; 4 DT 8 SHIFT ; 2 DT 9 SHIFT ; 1 DT 10 SHIFT ; 1 Dt Mi khi khai bo xong mt s liu cng vi tn s ca n, my s t ng m cc s liu c a vo. Th d, sau khi bm phm 6 SHIFT ; 2 DT, mn hnh s hin n = 2 , tc l c 2 s liu c khai bo ( cng bng 6); Sau khi bm phm tip 7 SHIFT ; 4 DT, mn hnh s hin n = 6 , tc l c 6 s liu c khai bo (hai s liu cng bng 6 v bn s liu cng bng 7). Sau khi khai bo xong ton b cc s liu, mn hnh s hin n = 10 , ngha l: Tp hp cc s liu gm 10 gi tr. Tnh di mu: Bm phm: SHIFT S-SUM 3 = ( kt qu: n= 10) Chng t kch thc mu bng 10 (s cc gi tr ca mu l 10) Tnh tng s liu: Bm phm: SHIFT S-SUM 2 = ( kt qu: ) Vy tng s liu bng 75 Tnh tng bnh phng s liu: Bm phm: SHIFT S-SUM 1 = ( kt qu: ) Vy tng bnh phng s liu bng 577 Tnh gi tr trung bnh: Bm phm: SHIFT S-VAR 1 = ( kt qu: ) Vy tng gi tr trung bnh bng 7,5 Tnh lch chun: Bm phm: SHIFT S-VAR 2 = ( kt qu: ) Tnh phng sai: Bm tip phm: x2 = ( kt qu: ) Vy lch chun l 1,2041594598 v phng sai bng 1,45

Tnh lch chun hiu chnh: Bm phm: SHIFT S-VAR 3 = ( kt qu: ) Tnh phng sai hiu chnh : Bm tip phm: x2 = ( kt qu: ) Vy lch chun hiu chnh l 1,269265518 v phng sai hiu chnh gn bng 1,611111111 Ch : Khi khai bo 6 SHIFT ; 2 DT, ngha l khai bo gi tr x1 = 6 c tn s l 2. Nu bm phm th mn hnh hin ra Freq5 = 1, ngha l tn s ca s liu th 5 (x = 10) l 1. Bm tip phm : Mn hnh hin ra x5 = 10, ngha l s liu th 5 c gi tr l 10. Tng t, s dng phm v , ta c th kim tra tt c cc d liu c a vo ng hay cha v chng c tn s l bao nhiu. 2. Tnh ton thng k trn my tnh in t b ti Casio fx- 500ES v Casio fx- 570ES. Vo chng trnh thng k: Bm phm: ON MODE 3 Vo chng trnh thng k vi bin n: Bm tip phm: 1 X Mn hnh hin bng ta khai bo s liu: 1 2 3 tnh im trung bnh ca hc sinh trong Th d 1, ta bm phm ON MODE 3 (vo chng trnh thng k ), bm phm 1 (Vo chng trnh thng k vi bin n),v khai bo cc s liu 7, 8, 6, 7, 7, 8, 9, 6, 10, 7 bng cch bm phm: 7 = 8 = 6 = 7 = 7 = 8 = 9 = 6 = 10 = 7 = Ta cng c th khai bo s liu theo bng phn phi tn s X 6 7 8 9 10 Tng Tn s 2 4 2 1 1 10 nh sau: Bm phm: SHIFT SET UP 4 , mn hnh hin , tc l nu mun khai bo tn s th bm phm 1 , cn nu khng mun khai bo tn s th bm 2 . Sau khi bm phm 1 , mn hnh hin X FREQ 1 2

3 Bm phm: 6 = 2 = 7 = 4 = 8 = 2 = 9 = 10 = Ch : Sau khi bm phm 6 = , en trn mn hnh t ng chuyn xung dng di. khai bo tn s, ta phi dng cc phm a en v ng v tr cn khai bo. Nu tn s bng 1 (th d, sau khi khai bo9 = ), th tip tc khai bo m khng cn s dng cc phm . Cng c th khai bo cc s liu xong ri mi ln lt khai bo cc tn s nh sau: 6 = 7 = 8 = 9 = 10 = 2 = 4 = 2 = Sau khi khai bo xong cc s liu, ta bm phm SHIFT 1 , mn hnh hin bng ch dn: Gii thch: Bng ch dn trn cho ta cch tm cc i lng thng k. C th: Sau khi khai bo cc h s v bm phm SHIFT 1 nu bm tip phm 1 (Type- kiu, loi), mn hnh s hin bng ch dn chn kiu tnh thng k (bin n hay bin kp..); Nu bm phm 2 (Data- s liu), mn hnh hin bng s liu c khai bo; Nu bm phm 3 (Edit sa s liu), mn hnh ch dn cch sa s liu (chn, xa); Nu bm phm 4 (Sum- tng), mn hnh ch dn cch tnh cc tng (tng, bnh phng tng); Nu bm phm 5 (Var-Variable- bin), mn hnh ch dn cch tnh cc c trng ca bin (s cc s liu, trung bnh cng, lch chun, lch chun hiu chnh); Nu bm phm 6 (MinMax- Nh nht, Ln nht), mn hnh ch dn cch tnh cc gi tr nh nht, ln nht; Tnh ton cc i lng thng k cho Th d 2.1 trn Casio fx- 570ES Tnh di mu: Sau khi khai bo cc h s v bm phm SHIFT 1 , bm tip phm 5 (Var- bin) v bm tip phm 1 = (kt qu: n =10) Vy c tt c 10 gi tr ca bin lng Tnh gi tr trung bnh: Bm phm: SHIFT 1 5 2 = ( kt qu: ) Tnh lch chun: Bm phm: SHIFT 1 5 3 = ( kt qu: ) Tnh lch chun hiu chnh: Bm phm: SHIFT 1 5 4 = ( kt qu: ) Vy lch chun bng 1,2041594598 v lch chun hiu chnh bng 1,269265518 Tnh tng s liu: Bm phm: SHIFT 1 4 1 = ( kt qu: ) Tnh tng bnh phng s liu: Bm phm: SHIFT 1 4 2 = ( kt qu: ) Vy tng s liu bng 75 v tng bnh phng s liu bng 577. III. Mt s th d v bi tp * Th d 4.1: im trung bnh tng kt nm hc ca hc sinh hai t trong mt lp c thng k theo bng di y: T 1 1,7 2,4 3,5 4,6 5,2

5,3 5,4 6,1 6,3 7,6 8,8 9,1 T 2 3,4 3,6 4,5 4,8 5,1 5,2 5,7 6,0 6,3 6,4 7,2 7,8 Tnh im s trung bnh, phng sai v lch chun ca mi t. Hy nhn xt v trnh ca hai t Gii: Ta khai bo cc s liu trn my Casio fx-500MS * T 2 (S dng my Casio fx-500MS) Vo chng trnh thng k: Bm phm: ON MODE 2 Khai bo s liu: Bm phm: 3.4 DT 3.6 DT 4.5 DT 4.8 DT 5.1 DT 5.2 DT 5.7 DT 6.0 DT 6.3 DT 6.4 DT 7.2 DT 7.8 DT Tnh im trung bnh: Bm phm: SHIFT S-VAR 1 = ( kt qu: ) Tnh lch chun: Bm phm: SHIFT S-VAR 2 = ( kt qu: ) Tnh phng sai: Bm tip phm: x2 = ( kt qu: ) Tng t, ta tnh tip cho t 1. * Ta c th khai bo ng thi cc s liu ca hai t v tnh ton cc i lng trn my Casio fx-570ES nh sau: Vo chng trnh thng k: Bm phm: ON MODE 3 Vo chng trnh thng k vi bin kp(hai bin X,Y): Bm tip phm: 2 X Y Mn hnh hin bng: 1 2 3

Khai bo s liu ca t 1 (bin X) 1.7 = 2.4 = 3.5 = 4.6 = 5.2 = 5.3 = 5.4 = 6.1 = 6.3 = 7.6 = 8.8 = 9.1 = Chuyn sang ct Y: Bm phm: , en s chuyn sang dng u ca ct Y Khai bo s liu ca t 2 (bin Y) 3.4 = 3.6 = 4.5 = 4.8 = 5.1 = 5.2 = 5.7 = 6.0 = 6.3 = 6.4 = 7.2 = 7.8 = Tnh gi tr trung bnh ca t 1: Bm phm: SHIFT 1 5 2 = ( kt qu: ) Tnh gi tr trung bnh ca t 2: Bm phm: SHIFT 1 5 5 = ( kt qu: ) Tnh lch chun ca t 1: Bm phm: SHIFT 1 5 3 = ( kt qu: ) Tnh lch chun ca t 2: Bm phm: SHIFT 1 5 6 = ( kt qu: ) Kt lun: im trung bnh nh nhau nhng i 2 u hn v c lch chun (v phng sai ) b hn.. Li bnh: Casio fx-570ES mt lc c th tnh cc i lng thng k cho c hai i, tc l n c th thay th cho hai my khc.
t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances Variable 1 Mean Variance Observations Hypothesized Mean Difference df t Stat P(T<=t) one-tail t Critical one-tail P(T<=t) two-tail t Critical two-tail Variable 2

264.5833333 573.3333333 98079.53788 2090613.879 12 0 12 -0.722944775 0.241783499 1.782287548 0.483566998 2.178812827 12

- Mean: gi tr trung bnh

- Mode (gi tr yu v): gi tr c tn s xut hin cao nht trong dy d liu - Median (gi tr trung v): L gi tr trung tm ca dy d liu. Nu mt dy d liu c n gi tr c sp xp t nh n ln th gi tr trung v l s th (n + 1)/2. - Standard Error of the Mean: lch chun ca gi tr trung bnh. - Standard deviation ( lch chun) - Sample variance (phng sai mu) - Range (khong quan st): R = Xmax - Xmin. - Minimum: Gi tr nh nht trong dy s liu. - Maximum: Gi tr ln nht trong dy s liu. - Sum: Tng gi tr d liu - Count: Dung lng ca mu, = n. - df (degree of freedom): bc t do - t Stat l t thc nghim - t Critical l t l thuyt lch chun l g? Tr li #1 vo lc: 30 Thng Mt , 2011, 08:37:03 PM 1. Khi nim lch chun: lch chun, hay lch tiu chun (Standard Deviation) l mt i lng thng k m t dng o mc phn tn ca mt tp d liu c lp thnh bng tn s. C th tnh ra lch chun bng cch ly cn bc hai ca phng sai. + Khi hai tp d liu c cng gi tr trung bnh cng, tp no c lch chun ln hn l tp c d liu bin thin nhiu hn. + Trong trng hp hai tp d liu c gi tr trung bnh cng khng bng nhau, th vic so snh lch chun ca chng khng c { ngha. lch chun cn c s dng khi tnh sai s chun. Khi ly lch chun chia cho cn bc hai ca s lng quan st trong tp d liu, s c gi tr ca sai s chun. 2. Cng thc tnh lch chun trong Phn tch k thut: Nu gi X l gi tr ca cng c ti chnh, m = E(X) l trung bnh ng ca X, S l phng sai, d l lch chun th lch chun s c tnh ton nh sau: S = E[(X m)2] d = Cn bc hai ca S 3. ngha ca lch chun: lch chun o tnh bin ng ca gi mang tnh thng k. N cho thy s chnh lch v gi tr ca tng thi im gi so vi gi trung bnh. Tnh bin ng cng nh lch chun s cao hn nu gi

ng ca v gi ng ca trn bnh khc nhau ng k. Nu s chnh lch khng ng k th lch chun v tnh bin ng mc thp. S o chiu xu th to cc vng y hoc nh ca th trng c xc nh thi c bng cc mc bin ng cao. Nhng xu th mi ca gi sau thi kz thoi tro ca th trng (tc l giai on iu chnh) thng c xc nh thi c bng nhng mc bin ng thp. S thay i ng k v d liu gi em li gi tr lch chun cao v d liu gi n nh hnh thnh lch chun mc thp.

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