B MN CNG NGH

THNG TIN
KHOA TIN HC THNG MI
Chng 2. XY DNG H
THNG THNG TIN
Chng 2. XY DNG H
THNG THNG TIN
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 2
NI DUNG CHNG 2
2.1. Quy trnh xy dng HTTT
2.2. Kho st s b v xc lp d n
2.3. Phn tch h thng v chc nng
2.4. Thit k h thng
2.5. Ci t h thng thng tin
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 3
2.1. Quy trnh xy dng HTTT
Quy trnh chung
Nguyn tc trong xy dng HTTT

6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 4
2.1.1. Quy trnh chung
Tin hc ha hot ng ca t chc:
Phng php tin hc ha tng phn
Phng php tin hc ha ton b
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 5
Tin hc ha tng phn
Tin hc ha tng chc nng qun l theo mt trnh t
u im
Thc hin n gin,
u t ban u khng ln
H thng mm do
Nhc im
Khng m bo tnh nht qun cao trong ton b h thng,
khng trnh khi s trng lp v d tha thng tin.
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 6
Tin hc ha ton b
Tin hc ha ng thi tt c cc chc nng qun l
u im
H thng m bo tnh nht qun
Trnh c s trng lp, d tha thng tin
Nhc im
Thc hin lu
u t ban u kh ln,
H thng thiu tnh mm do
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 7
2.1.1. Quy trnh chung
La chn phng php thch hp
Phi m bo:
Mang li hiu qu kinh t,
D thc hin (khng gy ra nhng bin ng ln v cu trc t
chc),
Ph hp vi kh nng ca t chc
Quy trnh chung gm cc cng on chnh
Kho st
Phn tch
Thit k
Ci t
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 8
2.1.1. Quy trnh chung
Kho st:
H thng hin ti ang lm g?
a ra nh gi v hin trng
Xc nh nhu cu ca t chc kinh t, yu cu v sn phm
Xc nh nhng g s thc hin v khng nh nhng li ch
km theo.
Tm gii php ti u trong cc gii hn v k thut, ti chnh,
thi gian v nhng rng buc khc.

6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 9
2.1.1. Quy trnh chung
Phn tch:
Phn tch h thng v x l: xy dng c cc
biu m t logic chc nng x l ca h thng.
Phn tch h thng v d liu:
m t d liu,
xy dng lc c s d liu mc logic ca h thng
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 10
2.1.1. Quy trnh chung
Thit k:
Nhim v: Chuyn cc biu , lc mc logic
sang mc vt l
Cng vic cn thc hin
Thit k tng th:
Thit k giao din:
Thit k cc kim sot:
Thit k cc tp tin d liu:
Thit k chng trnh:
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 11
2.1.1. Quy trnh chung
Ci t:
Thay th h thng thng tin c bng h thng thng
tin mi.
Cng vic cn thc hin :
Lp k hoch ci t: m bo khng gy ra nhng bin
ng ln trong ton b h thng qun l
Bin i d liu
Hun luyn
Bin son ti liu v h thng
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 12
2.1.2. Nguyn tc trong xy dng HTTT
Nguyn tc xy dng theo chu trnh
Nguyn tc m bo tin cy
Tip cn h thng

6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 13
a. Nguyn tc xy dng theo chu trnh
Qu trnh xy dng HTTT gm nhiu cng on tng
ng vi nhiu nhim v,
Cng on sau da trn thnh qu ca cng on
trc Phi tun theo nguyn tc tun t, khng b
qua cng on no
Sau mi cng on, trn c s phn tch nh gi b
sung phng n c thit k, c th quay li cng
on trc hon thin thm ri mi chuyn sang
cng on tip theo, theo cu trc chu trnh (lp li)
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 14
b. Nguyn tc m bo tin cy
Phi m bo tin cy ca thng tin v HTTT.
Cc thng tin phi c phn cp theo vai tr v
chc nng
Thng tin cho lnh o phi c tnh tng hp, bao
qut cao, c tnh chin lc
Thng tin cho cc cn b iu hnh tc nghip phi
chi tit, chnh xc v kp thi
Phi bo mt thng tin trong h thng qun l
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 15
c. Tip cn h thng
Yu cu phng php:
Phi xem xt h thng trong tng th vn c ca n,
cng vi cc mi lin h ca cc phn h ni ti cng
nh mi lin h vi cc h thng bn ngoi.
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 16
c. Tip cn h thng
Khi kho st, phn tch HTTT:
Xt doanh nghip nh l mt h thng thng nht
v mt kinh t, k thut v t chc, sau mi i
vo cc vn c th trong tng lnh vc
Trong mi lnh vc li chia thnh cc vn c th
y chnh l phng php tip cn i t tng qut
ti chi tit theo s cu trc hnh cy
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 17
2.2. Kho st s b v xc lp d n
Tm hiu, nh gi hin trng ca HT hin hnh
Xc nh phm vi kh nng, mc tiu d n ca HT mi
Phc ha gii php v cn nhc tnh kh thi
Lp d tr v k hoch trin khai d n
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 18
2.2.1. Tm hiu, nh gi hin trng ca
h thng hin hnh
Phng php kho st
Thu thp v phn loi
Pht hin cc yu km ca hin trng v yu
cu cho tng lai
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 19
2.2.1.1. Phng php kho st
Kho st h thng c bn mc:
Mc thao tc tha hnh
Mc iu phi qun l
Mc quyt nh lnh o
Mc chuyn gia c vn

6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 20
2.2.1.1. Phng php kho st (2)
Hnh thc tin hnh:
Quan st v theo di:
mt cch chnh thc: cng lm vic vi h.
mt cch khng chnh thc: tm hiu cch lm vic qua cc
h s, s sch, v.v...
C vn: bng nhiu cch:
t cu hi trc tip: Yes / No
t cu hi chn la: a, b, c, d , nh - thng k.
t cu hi gin tip c tnh gi m cho cu tr li
Bng cu hi, phiu iu tra.

6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 21
2.2.1.2. Thu thp v phn loi
Thng tin v hin ti hay tng lai
Thng tin v trng thi tnh, ng hay bin i
Tnh: thng tin v t chc h s v s sch
ng: thng tin v s tng hay gim lu chuyn ca
cc chng t, giy t, v.v
Bin i: thng tin c bin i ra sao, s dng
nhng cng thc tnh ton no?
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 22
2.2.1.2. Thu thp v phn loi
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 23
2.2.1.3. Pht hin cc yu km ca hin
trng v yu cu cho tng lai
a. Yu km:
Thiu st:
Thiu ngi x l thng tin
B st cng vic x l thng tin
Km hiu lc, qu ti:
Phng php x l khng cht ch
C cu t chc khng hp l
Con ng lu chuyn cc thng tin khng hp l. VD: Giy t,
ti liu trnh by km, cu trc khng hp l, v.v
Tn ph cao, gy lng ph
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 24
2.2.1.3. Pht hin cc yu km ca hin
trng v yu cu cho tng lai (2)
b. Yu cu mi:
Trong tng lai:
Tha ng cc thng tin cha c p ng
p ng cc nguyn vng ca nhn vin
D kin k hoch pht trin

6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 25
2.2.2. Xc nh kh nng, mc tiu d n
ca h thng mi
Phm vi ca h thng mi gii quyt vn g?
Nhn lc s dng?
Ti chnh (Chi ph bao nhiu cho d n)
Khc phc cc im yu km ca h thng hin ti.
Th hin chin lc lu di
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 26
2.2.3. Phc ha gii php v cn nhc tnh
kh thi
a ra gii php thuyt phc ngi dng nh
hng cho vic phn tch v thit k HTTT
Gii php cho my n,
Gii php cho my trn nn mng,
...
Vi tng gii php phi mang tnh kh thi:
Kh thi v mt nghip v:
Kh thi v mt k thut:
Kh thi v mt kinh t:
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 27
2.2.4. Lp d tr v k hoch trin khai d n
2.2.4.1. Lp k hoch trin khai d n
a. Lp d tr v thit b
b. Cng tc hun luyn s dng chng trnh
c. Cng vic bo tr
2.2.4.2. Lp h s kho st
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 28
2.2.4.1. Lp k hoch trin khai d n (1)
a. Lp d tr v thit b:
D kin:
Khi lng d liu lu tr
Cc dng lm vic vi my tnh
S lng ngi dng ti thiu, ti a ca h thng
Khi lng thng tin cn thu thp, kt xut, v.v
Thit b ngoi vi: Scanner, my v, my ct, v.v
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 29
2.2.4.1. Lp k hoch trin khai d n (2)
a. Lp d tr v thit b
iu kin mua v lp t:
Nn chn nh cung cp no, chi ph vn chuyn?
Mua nguyn b, mua ri, v.v
S lp t mc s b?
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 30
2.2.4.1. Lp k hoch trin khai d n (3)
b. Cng tc hun luyn s dng chng trnh
Thi gian hun luyn bao lu?
Chia lm bao nhiu nhm hun luyn?
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 31
2.2.4.1. Lp k hoch trin khai d n (4)
c. Cng vic bo tr
i ng bo tr
Chi ph bo tr
Thi gian bo tr
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 32
2.2.4.2. Lp k hoch trin khai d n
V mt nhn s: c mt tt c cc chuyn vin,
NSD, lnh o c quan, phn tch vin h thng
(c th c c cc lp trnh vin)
Lp tin trin khai d n
Phn tch ti chnh d n
Lp mi quan h vi cc d n khc
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 33
2.3. Phn tch h thng v chc nng
2.3.1. Mc ch
2.3.2. Phng php chung phn tch
2.3.3. Cng c din t cc x l
2.3.4. Phn mc
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 34
2.3.1. Mc ch
Xc nh cc chc nng chnh ca HTTT
Xc nh h thng phi thc hin nhng g?

6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 35
2.3.2. Phng php chung phn tch
Phn r nhng chc nng ln, ph qut thnh nhng
chc nng nh hn i vo chi tit
Chuyn t m t vt l sang m t logic (tru tng ha)
Chuyn t h thng c sang h thng mi mc logic
Phn tch theo cch t trn xung (t tng qut n chi tit)
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 36
2.3.3. Cng c din t cc x l
S phn cp chc nng
S lung d liu
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 37
2.3.3.1. S phn cp chc nng
Khi nim
Phn cp
Quy tc xy dng
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 38
a) Khi nim S phn cp chc nng
L vic phn r c th bc cc chc nng ca h
thng. Mi mt chc nng c th gm nhiu chc
nng con v th hin trong mt khung ca s
SPCCN c cu trc hnh cy
SPCCN cho bit h thng cn phi lm g, ch
khng ch ra l phi lm nh th no
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 39
b) Phn cp ca s
HTTT l thc th kh phc tp
Gm nhiu thnh phn, nhiu chc nng, nhiu cp h
nn
=> Phi phn cp s chc nng ca HTTT theo cu
trc hnh cy
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 40
c) Quy tc xy dng SPCCN
Mt s chc nng y bao gm:
Tn chc nng
u ra ca chc nng
M t cc chc nng
u vo ca cc chc nng
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 41
V d SPCCN
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 42
c) Quy tc xy dng SPCCN
Xc nh mc no l mc thp nht
Chc nng cp thp nht ch nn c mt nhim v hoc
mt nhm cc nhim v nh do c nhn m nhim
SPCCN c th trnh by trong nhiu trang
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 43
V d: Cc mc phn cp
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 44
2.3.3.2. S lung d liu - DFD
Khi nim
V d
Cc k php ca s DFD (Data Flow
Diagram)
3 mc
S ng cnh
S lung d liu mc nh
S lung d liu mc di nh


6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 45
a) Khi nim DFD
S dng d liu l mt cng c dng tr
gip bn hot ng chnh ca cc phn tch vin
h thng :
Phn tch
Thit k
Biu t
Ti liu
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 46
b) V d DFD
**: Qun l ti chnh
1- Thng tin k nhn. 2 - Thng tin giao nhn
3- TT ho n mua hng. 4 - TT tr tin
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 47
c) Cc k php s dng trong DFD
Qu trnh hoc chc nng
Dng d liu
Kho d liu
Tc nhn bn ngoi
Tc nhn bn trong
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 48
Qu trnh hoc chc nng x l
Khi nim: L chc nng biu t cc thao tc,
nhim v hay tin trnh x l no
Biu din:


Tn chc nng: phi c dng l mt ng t
cng vi b ng.
Tn
chc
nng
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 49
Qu trnh hoc chc nng x l
V d:
Nhn
ha n
Bn
hn
g
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 50
Lung d liu
Khi nim: L lung thng tin vo hay ra ca mt chc
nng x l
Biu din:

Mi tn ch hng ca lung d liu (vo/ra).
Tn lung d liu: l danh t cng vi tnh t nu
cn thit.
Tn lung d liu
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 51
Lung d liu
V d
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 52
Kho d liu
Khi nim: L cc thng tin cn lu gi li trong mt
khong thi gian, sau mt hay mt vi chc nng
x l, hoc tc nhn trong s dng.
Biu din:

Tn kho d liu: danh t km theo tnh t (nu cn),
ni ln ni dung thng tin cn lu
Tn kho d liu
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 53
Kho d liu
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 54
Tc nhn bn ngoi
Khi nim:
L mt ngi, mt nhm hoc mt t chc bn
ngoi lnh vc nghin cu ca h thng, nhng tip
xc vi h thng
Ch ra gii hn ca h thng v nh r mi quan h
ca h thng vi th gii bn ngoi
L ngun cung cp thng tin cho h thng v l ni
nhn cc sn phm ca h thng
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 55
Tc nhn bn ngoi
Biu din: Bng hnh ch nht, c gn nhn (tn)




Tn: c xc nh bng danh t km theo tnh t (nu
cn). Biu th cho mt b phn, mt phng ban hoc t
chc

Tn tc nhn

Tn tc nhn
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 56
Tc nhn trong
Khi nim: L mt chc nng hay mt h thng con ca
h thng c m t trang khc ca biu
Biu din:



Tn tc nhn trong: c biu din bng ng t km
b ng
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 57
Phn r s dng d liu
S dng d liu thng rt phc tp, khng th xp
gn trong mt trang s c nn phi dng ti k
thut phn r theo th bc ch s ra theo mt s
mc theo cu trc hnh cy
C th chia s dng d liu thnh cc mc: Tng
qut, Cp 1, Cp 2,...Trong mc tng qut c
phn r thnh mc cp 1, mc cp 1 c phn r
thnh mc cp 2,...
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 58
d) S ng cnh h thng
S dng d liu mc tng qut cn gi l s
ng cnh
C th dng s ng cnh xy dng DFD
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 59
d) S ng cnh h thng (2)
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 60
Cc yu t ca DFD
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 61
V d
V BPC v BLD ca mt C s tn dng
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 62
S phn cp chc nng
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 63
Biu ng cnh h thng
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 64
Biu lung d liu mc nh
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 65
Biu lung d liu mc di nh
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 66
Biu lung d liu mc di nh
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 67
Phn tch h thng v x l
Chuyn t m t vt l sang m t logic
i t h thng c sang h thng mi
Xy dng biu phn cp chc nng (BPC)
Xy dng biu lung d liu (BLD)

6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 68
a. Xy dng BPC
u vo:
Cc chc nng c kho st trong cng on kho st v
xc lp d n.
Phng php:
Phn nhm cc chc nng c lin quan, nh s th t v
theo nhm
u ra: Biu BPC (mc logic)
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 69
a. Xy dng BPC
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 70
b. Xy dng BLD
Xy dng BLD vt l (h thng c): Khai trin v lm
mm cc tin trnh ca biu

Xy dng BLD logic (h thng c): Chuyn t BLD vt l
BLD logic

Xy dng BLD logic (h thng mi): Chuyn t BLD logic
h thng c BLD logic h thng mi
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 71
b1. Xy dng BLD vt l (HT c)
K thut phn mc: 3 mc
Biu ng cnh
Biu lung d liu mc nh
Biu lung d liu mc di nh

6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 72
BLD mc ng/khung cnh (1)
L m hnh h thng
mc tng qut nht
C h thng nh mt
chc nng duy nht.
Cc tc nhn ngoi v
cc lung d liu vo ra
t tc nhn ngoi n h
thng c xc nh.
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 73
BLD mc nh (2)
BLD mc nh c phn r
t BLD mc ng cnh vi cc
chc nng phn r tng ng
mc 2 ca BPC
Nguyn tc phn r:
Cc lung d liu c bo ton
Cc tc nhn ngoi bo ton
C th xut hin cc kho d liu
B sung thm cc lung d liu
ni ti nu cn thit.
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 74
BLD mc di nh (3)
BLD mc di nh phn r t BLD mc nh
Cc thnh phn ca biu c pht trin nh sau:
Chc nng: phn r chc nng cp trn thnh chc
nng cp di thp hn
Lung d liu:
Vo/ra mc trn th lp li (bo ton) mc di (phn r)
Thm lung ni b
Kho d liu : dn dn xut hin theo nhu cu ni b
Tc nhn ngoi: xut hin y mc khung cnh,
mc di khng th thm g
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 75
BLD mc di nh (t)
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 76
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 82
Bi tp mu
Phn tch h thng v x l ca h thng thng
tin qun l cung ng vt t
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 83
BLD Vt l (HT cung ng vt t hin ti)
Mc ng cnh:

6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 84
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 85
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 86
Chc nng 3.1 i chiu
3.2. Xc nh
a ch pht
hng
3.1. Khp n
hng vi giao
hng
3.3. Ghi nhn
hng v theo
n hng
3.4. Khp n
hng p ng
vi ha n
Ngi cung
cp
Ha n
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 87
BLD Logic (HT cung ng vt t hin ti)
T chc li biu nh sau:
Chc nng 1.3 v 2.2 thun tu vt l c loi b.
Tin hnh ghp mt s chc nng v nh s li ta c 7 chc
nng sau:
1.1 thnh 1
1.2 thnh 2
2.1 thnh 3
3.1,3.2, v 3.3 thnh 4
2.3 thnh 5
3.4 thnh 6
4.1 v 1.4 thnh 7

6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 88
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 89
BLD Logic (HT cung ng vt t mi)
Nhc im h thng c :
Thiu kho hng thng dng: Thiu hn mt chc nng trong
BLD
Tc x l chm: Do i chiu th cng rt nhiu;
Theo di thc hin n hng c nhiu sai st : T cc khu
lm n hng n vic nhn hng v tr tin c th gy nh
hng mt phn.
S lng ph: L do chnh l i chiu th cng v cng khng
thy c BLD
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 90
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 91
2.4. Thit k h thng
2.4.1. Thit k tng th
2.4.2. Thit k giao din
2.4.3. Thit k cc kim sot
2.4.4. Thit k cc tp tin d liu
2.4.5. Thit k chng trnh
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 92
2.4.1. Thit k tng th
a. Phn nh h thng MT v h thng th cng
BLD mt mc no + ranh gii gia MT v th cng
i vi cc chc nng x l
Phn r nh cc chc nng sao cho phn bit r
rng gia MT v th cng
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 93
V d mu
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 94
V d mu
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 95
2.4.1. Thit k tng th
b. Phn nh cc h thng con my tnh
H thng con thc cht l 1 b ring l chng trnh.
Nguyn tc phn nh khng nht thit ch cn c
vo chc nng thun tu m c th da theo
Thc th
Giao dch
Thng tin bin i
Theo tnh thit thc
(s thun tin trong hot
ng ca t chc kinh t)
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 96
2.4.2. Thit k giao din
Gm:
M ho thng tin thu nhp
Kim sot v sa cha
thng tin
Nhp thng tin
Kim tra ti liu xut
Phn phi ti liu xut
Yu cu:
p ng i hi h thng
Thng tin chnh xc
D dng, d hiu
G phm t nht, ngn gn


a. Th tc ngi dng/chc nng th cng
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 97
2.4.2. Thit k giao din
b. Thit k cc ti liu xut
Xc nh:
Phng tin: giy, mn hnh, a, v..v
Phng thc: lp tc hay tr hon
Dng ti liu xut : c cu trc hay khng c cu trc
Cch trnh by: u _ thn_cui
Yu cu:
, chnh xc, d hiu, d c.
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 98
2.4.2. Thit k giao din
c. Thit k cc mn hnh v n chn:
Da trn yu cu ca ngi dng v vic hin th chi tit v d
liu, cc dng hi thoi thng gm:
Cu lnh, cu nhc
n chn (Menu)
in mu
S dng cc biu tng (Icon) tng tnh trc quan
Yu cu thit k:
Vo / ra gn nhau
Thng tin thng ti thiu
Sng sa (d nhn, d c)
Lnh phi rnh mch (mun g? Lm g?)
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 99
2.4.2. Thit k giao din
d. Thit k vic thu nhp thng tin
Chn phng thc thu nhp thng tin:
On-line
Tr hon
T xa
Xc nh khun mu thu nhp thng tin:
Khung ( in)
Cu hi (cu hi ng: tr li xc nh trc, cu hi m: gi )
Yu cu mu:
Thun tin cho ngi iu tra
Thun tn m ho
Thun tin ngi g phm
Ni dung n gin, r rng, chnh xc

6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 100
2.4.3. Thit k cc kim sot
H thng cn c cc kim sot m bo
chnh xc:
Giao tc c tin hnh c chnh xc ?
D liu trong c s d liu c ng n?
an ton:
Khng xy ra mt mt d c hay v tnh, chnh mng hay
ri ro
ring t:
Cc quyn c m bo
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 101
2.4.3. Thit k cc kim sot
a. Xc nh cc im h
im h l im m ti TT ca HT c kh nng b
thm nhp
Xc nh kiu e do t ch h: cc hnh ng c
nh n cp hoc ph hoi cho ti cc nguy c mt
mt ti sn v nh hng ti cng vic kinh doanh
nh gi cc e do: mc cao, thp, va
Xc nh tnh trng e da: kim tra li xem nhng
e do ny xut hin nh th no
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 102
2.4.3. Thit k cc kim sot
b. Thit k cc kim sot cn thit:
ngn cn hoc lm gim thiu thit hi
Cc mc bo mt:
Bo mt vt l: Kho, bo ng
Nhn dng nhn s
Mt khu
M ha,
Phn quyn truy
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 103
2.4.4. Thit k cc tp tin d liu
Da vo:
M hnh, cu trc d liu
Biu lung d liu (c bit l kho d liu)
H Qun tr CSDL
Phi thit k sao cho cc DL y , khng
trng lp, truy cp thun tin, nhanh
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 104
2.4.5. Thit k chng trnh
Thit k ni dung ca chng trnh m khng
phi vit chng trnh c th. Thit k
Chc nng nh trong BLD. Ngoi ra:
Chc nng i thoi
Chc nng x l li
Chc nng x l vo/ ra
Chc nng tra cu CSDL
Chc nng Module iu hnh
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 105
2.4.5. Thit k chng trnh
Xc nh cu trc tng qut
Phn nh cc Module CT
Xc nh mi lin quan gia cc Module
(thng qua li gi v cc thng tin trao i)
c t cc Module chng trnh
Gp cc Module thnh chng trnh Thit k
cc mu th
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 106
2.4.5. Thit k chng trnh
Cc loi chng trnh thng c trong h thng qun l:
Chng trnh n chn (menu program)
Chng trnh nhp d liu (data entry program)
Chng trnh bin tp kim tra d liu vo (edit program)
Chng trnh cp nht d liu (update program)
Chng trnh hin th, tra cu (display or inquiry program)
Chng trnh tnh ton (compute program)
Chng trnh in (print program)
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 107
2.5. Ci t h thng thng tin
2.5.1. M hnh ca qui trnh ci t
2.5.2. Lp k hoch ci t
2.5.3. Bin i d liu
2.5.4. K hoch hun luyn
2.5.5. Cc phng php a ht mi vo s dng
2.5.6. Bin son ti liu ca h thng
2.5.7. K thut phn tch cc kim sot trong httt
2.5.8. Qun l h thng thng tin
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 108
2.5.1. M hnh ca qui trnh ci t
Ci t HTTT l thay th HTTT c bng HTTT
mi. c tin hnh theo cc bc sau :
O Lp k hoch ci t
O Bin i d liu
O Hun luyn
O Cc phng php ci t
O Bin son ti liu v h thng
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 109
2.5.2. Lp k hoch ci t
Chuyn i HTTT c sang HTTT mi, phi
chuyn i tt c cc thnh phn ca HTTT
Chuyn i phn cng (n gin)
Chuyn i nhn s (kh khn)
Phi lp k hoch chuyn i t m, phi bao
qut tt c cc lnh vc ca HTTT
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 110
2.5.2. Lp k hoch ci t
Thc hin chuyn i:
O Phn cng
O Phn mm
O C s d liu
O Cng ngh qun l
O H thng biu mu trong HT qun l
O Cc phng php truyn t TT trong HT
O Cc phng thc lu tr TT
O Tc phong ca lnh o v cc nhn vin qun l
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 111
2.5.3. Bin i d liu
Qa trnh bin i d liu:
O Xc nh cht lng ca d liu ( chnh xc, tnh
y v th t)
O Lm n nh mt bn d liu v t chc nhng thay
i cho ph hp
O T chc v o to i ng thc hin cng vic bin
i d liu
O Lp lch thi gian ca qu trnh bin i d liu
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 112
2.5.3. Bin i d liu (2)
O Bt u qu trnh bin i d liu di s ch o
thng nht
O Tin hnh vic kim tra d liu c c a vo ti
liu gc
O Bin i cc tp d liu (nu c) trong HT c trc,
sau mi n cc tp mi chuyn t phng thc
t chc th cng sang.
O Thc hin bc kim chng ln cui cng m bo
cc tp d liu bin i ph hp vi cc yu cu
ca h thng qun l mi
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 113
2.5.4. K hoch hun luyn
Cc lnh vc hun luyn
K hoch hun luyn
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 114
Cc lnh vc hun luyn
Kin thc c bn v my tnh
Chn nh cung cp my tnh, ci t v lp k hoch.
Gii thiu mt cch chi tit v h thng. Nhng kha cnh
qun l c tc ng n h thng.
Hun luyn nhng ngi cung cp TT, s dng TT trong h
thng. Phn nh trch nhim ca mi ngi trong h
thng. Cc thao tc mi. H thng biu mu mi. Cc th
tc tra cu ti liu
Hun luyn cc k xo chuyn mn
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 115
K hoch hun luyn
Nhn bit v nhu cu :
Xc nh cc nhu cu ca cng vic
Mc hon thin cn t ti
Trnh hin thi ca hc vin
Xc nh cc mc tiu
Chun b cc chuyn hun luyn :
Chng trnh hun luyn
B tr ging vin
Ln thi kho biu hun luyn
Kim tra v nh gi kt qu hun luyn
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 116
2.5.5. Cc phng php a h thng mi
vo s dng
Phng php chuyn i trc tip
Phng php hot ng song song
Phng php chuyn i tng bc th im
Phng php chuyn i b phn
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 117
Phng php chuyn i trc tip
S dng phng php ny cn tnh n:
Mc gn b ca cc thnh vin vi h thng mi
Mc mo him ca h thng x l mi s cao.
Phi kim tra cht ch phn cng v phn mm ca
h thng mi.
Ch nn p dng i vi cc HTTT khng qu ln vi
phc tp va phi
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 118
Phng php chuyn i trc tip
Vy ch nn p dng trong cc trng hp tht s cn
thit v cn phi:
Kim tra h thng mt cch tht cht ch
Tr tnh kh nng khi phc li d liu
Chun b tht k cho tng giai on ci t h thng
Chun b phng n x l th cng phng trng hp
xu nht.
Hun luyn chu o tt c nhng ngi tham gia vo HT
C kh nng h tr y cc phng tin
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 119
Phng php hot ng song song
Xc nh chu k hot ng song song
Xc nh cc th tc so snh
Kim tra tin chc rng c s so snh
Sp xp nhn s
Thi gian hot ng song song lm sao l ngn
nht c th
C hai h thng cng chy trn phn cng nh
mt cch thn trng
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 120
Phng php chuyn i tng bc th im
y l phng php trung gian ca hai phng
php trn. p dng phng php ny cn thc hin:
La chn b phn no lm th im p dng h
thng x l thng tin mi theo phng php trc tip
hay song song
Kim tra xem h thng mi p dng vo cc b phn
ny c c khng.
Tin hnh sa i
Nhn xt so snh
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 121
Phng php chuyn i b phn
Chn ra mt vi b phn c chc nng quan trng
c nh hng n c HT tin hnh tin hc ho
Sau a b phn thit k vo ng dng ngay,
cc b phn khc th vn hot ng nh c. Va
lm va rt kinh nghim cho cc b phn cn li
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 122
2.5.6. Bin son ti liu ca h thng
C ti liu hng dn y , d hiu, s lm
tng ng k cht lng ca phn mm v lm
tng kh nng cnh tranh trn thng trng.
Ti liu hng dn bao gm cc phn sau:
Chi tit
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 123
2.5.7. K thut phn tch cc kim sot trong
HTTT
Xc nh cc im h trong HTTT
Xc nh kiu e do t ch h trong HTTT
Xc nh tnh trng e do HTTT
Thit k cc kim sot cn thit

6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 124
2.5.8 Qun l h thng thng tin
Qun l chin lc
Qun l hot ng
Qun l tim nng
Qun l cng ngh
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 125
a) Qun l chin lc
m bo cho h thng pht trin theo cc mc tiu lu
di v bn vng ca ton b gung my qun l
Thc hin chc nng d on cc xu th pht trin
chin lc trong lnh vc qun l, c s chun b v kp
thi a ra cc gii php pht trin hoc hon thin
HTTT, sao cho h thng lun lun l nn tng ca
gung my qun l
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 126
b) Qun l hot ng
Qun l cc lnh vc khc nhau lin quan n
tnh hnh x l thng tin trong h thng, nh
gi cc vn c th ny sinh trong lnh vc
ny v ra cc bin php khc phc
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 127
c) Qun l tim nng
Thc hin cc chc nng qun l tt c bn
tim nng ca HTTT: phn cng, phn mm, d
liu v nhn lc. Trong qun l tim nng v
nhn lc c vai tr cc k quan trng
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 128
d) Qun l cng ngh
Qun l vic chuyn giao cng ngh x l thng
tin, qun l cc quy trnh cng ngh ang s
dng, xy dng k hoch pht trin quy trnh
cng ngh
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 130
Ngi cung cp
Phn xng
1. H n
hng
4. Tr tin
3. i chiu
th cng
2. H pht
hng
D

t
r

n hng
Phiu pht hng
P
h
i

u

g
i
a
o

h

n
g

Biu ng cnh h thng
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 131
Ngi
cung cp
Phn
xng
H cung
ng vt t
6/18/2012 Xy dng H thng thng tin 132
2.5. Ci t h thng thng tin
2.5.1. M hnh ca qui trnh ci t
2.5.2. Lp k hoch ci t
2.5.3. Bin i d liu
2.5.4. K hoch hun luyn
2.5.5. Cc phng php a ht mi vo s dng
2.5.6. Bin son ti liu ca h thng
2.5.7. K thut phn tch cc kim sot trong httt
2.5.8. Qun l h thng thng tin