20 TCN 46-84 CHNG ST CHO CC CNG TRNH XY DNG (TRCH) Chng I QUY NH CHUNG 1.1.

Tiu chun ny p dng thit k thi cng, nghim thu v qun l thit b chng st cho cc cng trnh xy dng mi, ci to hoc m rng. Khng p dng tiu chun ny i vi cc cng trnh sau: a) Cng trnh ngm, cng trnh di dng, cc cng trnh c bit v qun s ( trm ra a, trn a tn la, pho) v cc kho chc vt liu n. b) cc ng dy ti in, mng tip xc, in tn, in thoi, truyn thanh, ng ten ca cc i thu pht sng v tuyn in, v tuyn truyn hnh v cc kho xng du. 1.2. Ty theo chc nng s dng, cc cng trnh xy dng phi c chng st theo s phn cp nh sau: Cp I nhng cng trnh, trong c ta ra cc cht kh hoc hi chy, cng nhu cc bi hoc si chy d dng chuyn sang trng thi l lng v c kh nng kt hp vi khng kh hoc cc cht oxy ha khc to thnh cc hn hp n, c th xy ra ngay trong iu kin lm vic bnh thng k c iu kin lm vic bnh thng ngn hn (m hoc ng cc thit b cha hoc rt cc cht d bt la hoc cc cht lng chy qua li cc bnh h, v.v..) Khi xy ra n s gy ra nhng ph hoi ln v lm cht ngi. Cp II Nhng cng trnh, trong c ta ra cc cht kh, hi, bi hoc si chy v c kh nng kt hp vi khng kh hoc cc cht xy ha khc to thnh cc hn hp n. Nhng kh nng ny ch xy ra khi c s c hoc lm sai quy tc khng th xy ra trong khi lm vic bnh thng. Khi xy ra n ch gy ra nhng h hng nh v khng lm cht ngi. Cp III Tt c nhng cng trnh cn li. Ghi ch: mt cng trnh cp III ( theo nguyn tc phn cp trn) nhng c tm quan trng c bit v chnh tr hoc kinh t th c php nng ln cp II. (V d: Nh Quc hi, i pht thanh, nh my in, nh v lm vic ca lnh t) 1.3. Cc cng trnh xy dng cn bo v theo cp I hoc cp II phi p dng bin php chng st nh thng, chng cm ng tnh in v cm ng in t, chng in p cao ca st lan truyn t h ng dy, ng ng bng kim loi t ni v t ngm bn ngoi dn vo. Cc cng trnh xy dng cn bo v theo cp III phi p dng bin php chng st nh thng; chng in p cao ca st lan truyn t h ng dy, ng ng bng kim loi t ni bn ngoi dn vo. Trng hp cng trnh ( k c ba cp) c chiu rng t 60m tr ln, phi p dng bin php sau bng in p bn cng trnh Xem iu 2.15. 1.4. Nhng thit b t ngoi tri cn bo v theo cp II phi p dng bin php chng st nh thng v chng st nh thng v chng cm ng tnh in Nhng thit b t ngoi tri cn bo v theo cp III phi p dng bin php chng st nh thng 1.5. i vi cc cng trnh xy dng c nhiu phng, trong c mt s phng cn bo v theo cp I v II hoc I v III th ton b cng trnh nn chng st theo cp I i vi cng trnh mt tng, khi din tch cc phng cn bo v nh hn 20% din tch ca ton b cc phng trong cng trnh, v i vi cng trnh nhiu tng, khi din tch cc phng cn bo v theo cp I ca tng trn cng nh hn 20% din tch ca cc phng tng trn cng thuc cng trnh , th ton b cng trnh c th thc hin chng st theo cp II. Trong trng hp ny ton b cc ng dy, ng ng bng kim loi t ni v t ngm c bn trong cng trnh, v tr u vo cc phng cn bo v cp I phi ni ti mt b phn ni t ring, t pha ngoi, c in tr tn dng in tng s cng nghip t 10 m tr xung. 1.6. i vi cc cng trnh xy dng c nhiu phng, trong c mt s phng cn bo v theo cp II v cp III th ton b cng trnh nn chng st theo cp II. i vi cng trnh mt tng, khi din tch cc phng cn bo v theo cp II nh hn 20% din tch ca ton b cc phng trong cng trnh, v i vi cng trnh nhiu tng, khi din tch cc phng cn bo v theo cp II ca tng trn cng nh hn 20% din tch ca cc phng tng trn cng thuc cng trnh , th ton b cng trnh c th thc hin chng st theo cp III. Trong trng hp ny ton b cc ng dy ng ng bng kim loi t ni v t ngm c bn trong cng trnh, v tr u vo cc phng cn bo v theo cp II phi ni vi mt b phn ni t ring, c in tr tn dng in tn s cng nghip t 10 m tr xung. 1.7. Nhng cng trnh xy dng cn bo v theo cp III sau y khng cn phi chng st nh thng: a) Nhng cng trnh khi b st nh thng cng khng gy ra nhng thit hi g ng k v ngi v ca. b) Nhng cng trnh nm torng phm vi bo v ca cc cng trnh cao ( k c cc cy cao) xung quanh. c) Nhng cng trnh c chiu cao di 8m ( k t mt t n nh cao nht ca cng trnh) c s ngi tp trung cng mt lc khng qu 50 ngi hoc khng c nhiu gia sc ln ( tru b, nga, d, cu..) khng c cc b phn kt cu ln hoc cc my mc ln bng kim loi v xy dng ti nhng vng t st ( t 5 nm tr ln khng thy st nh trong vng ). 1.8. Khi chng st cho cng trnh xy dng thuc cc cp, nn ch n nh hng ca b phn thu st t cng trnh bn cnh; chng st nh thng ch thc hin cho phn cn li ca cng trnh nm ngoi phm vi bo v ca cng trnh bn cnh ni trn. Trong trng hp ny vic chng cm ng tnh in, cm ng in t v in p cao ca st lan truyn phi p dng cc bin php tng ng vi cp chng st ca cng trnh . Khi chng st nh thng cho cng trnh xy dng khng ln lm ng ring l cng nh mt nhm ca cng trnh tng t cn bo v theo cp II, III, nn li dng cc cng trnh cao c sn lm b phn thu st nh: cc ng khi, ng thi kh, i nc, hoc cc cng trnh cao tng t. 1.9. Vic thi cng lp t b phn chng st ni t cho cng trnh xy dng thuc cc cp ( k c cng trnh ci to hay m rng ) phi lm ng theo thit k v ph hp vi tin thi cng chung hon thnh cng mt lc vi cc cng vic chnh. 1.10. Khi thi cng cc cng trnh cao gp vo mu dng st, lc xy n cao t 15m tr ln nn t cc kim hoc dy thu st tm bo m an ton v mt chng st cho ngi v cng trnh trong qu trnh xy dng

- Cc kim thu st tm c th c hnh dng bt k - Xem iu 3.1, t vng theo mt trn ca cng trnh. Dy xung t t do dc theo tng v phi ni vi b phn ni t chng st nh thng. Khi cng trnh xy dng cao dn, cc kim hoc dy thu st v dy xung cng chuyn cao theo. Cc ch ni ca b phn thu st ni t ni chung, c dng bu lng bt ni Xem iu 3.28 Khi thi cng cc cng trnh cao bng kim loi ngay t u phi ni mng cng trnh vi b phn ni t chng st nh thng. 1.11. Cc b phn chng st ng thng, chng cm ng tnh in v cm ng in t ca cc cng trnh xy dng cn bo v theo cp II v cp III phi c a v s dng sau khi cng trnh xy dng xong. Ring i vi cng trnh cn bo v theo cp I cc b phn chng st ni trn phi a vo s dng khi bt u lp t cc thit b my mc c bn trong cng trnh. Chng II QUY NH I VI BO V CHNG ST 2.1. Cc cng trnh xy dng cn phi s dng cc phng thc chng st nh sau: a) i vi cng trnh cp I v II, nht thit phi s dng phng thc bo v ton b b) i vi cng trnh cp III Nu l nhng cng trnh c mt vi phng c nguy c n chy, hoc nhng cng trnh thng xuyn tp trung ng ngi cn phi s dng phng thc bo v ton b. nu l nhng cng trnh khng c cc phng c nguy c n chy , v khng tp trung ng ngi th phng thc bo v trng im - Xem 2.24 2.2. B phn thu st C th s dng hnh thc kim, dy, ai hoc li thu st. Phi cn c vo c im c th ca mi cng trnh thit k ph hp vi yu cu v bo v, cng nh cc yu cu v kinh t, k thut. Bo v cc cng trnh cp I 2.3. Chng st nh thng cho cc cng trnh cp I nht thit phi b tr kim, dy thu st t c lp hoc cc b phn thu st khc c trc tip, nhng phi cch ly vi cc cng trnh qua cc loi vt liu khng dn in. Cc b phn thu st ni trn phi bm m c phm vi bo v nh trnh by trong Chng 4 2.4. Khong cch an ton tr thit b chng st t c lp hoc cch ly vi cng trnh sau: a) Khong cch khng kh (Skk) khng c nh hn 5m. b) Khong cch trong t (S ) khng c nh hn 5m i vi cng trnh c nguy c chy n hoc thng xuyn tp trung ng ngi, khng c nh hn 3m i vi cng trnh khc v vi dy thu st c) Khong cch qua cc loi vt liu khng dn in xc nh theo cng cch in ca vt d) i vi cng trnh chn nui gia sc phi theo quy nh iu 2.27. 2.5 in tr xung kch ca cc b phn ni t khng c ln hn 5x104 m.cm hoc khng c ln hn 40 m nu in tr sut tnh ton ca t ln hn 5x104 m.cm 2.6. Khi trn cng trnh c ng khi hoc cc loi ng k thut khc nh cao ln khi mi, dng thi cc cht kh c nguy c gy n th khong cch khng gian trn ming ng cn pi nm trong phm vi bo v ca b phn thu st. Khong khng gian ny c gii hn bng mt hnh bn cu c bn knh bng 5m. i vi cc ng thi khc, khong khng gian ni trn c gii hn trong phm vi mt hnh tr c kch thc khc nhu sau : + H = 1m : R= 2m : Khi loi kh cho thot ra nng hn khng kh, c p lc d nh hn 0.05at d (a ti). + H = 2,5 m : R= 5m: Khi loi kh cho thot ra nng hn khng kh. C p lc d bng 0,05 n 0,25 at d hoc nh hn khng kh, c p lc d n 0,25 at- d. - ( H v R l chiu cao v bn knh ca hnh tr) Khng cn a vo phm vi bo v ca cc b phn thu st khong khng gian trn ming cc loi ng sau: + ng thi cc cht kh khng c nguy c chy gy n + ng thi kh ni - t + ng thng xuyn thi kh v kh thi thot ra t ming ng thng xuyn chy thnh ngn la, hoc ch chy thnh ngn la kh thi. ng hoc van an ton dng thi cc cht kh c nguy c gy n, nhng cc loi kh ny ch cho thi ra trong cc trng hp ht sc hn ch nh lc c s c. 2.7. chng cm ng tnh in, tt c cc b phn kt cu kim loi v cc my mc ln c trong cng trnh phi ni vi mt b phn ni t chng cm ng st hay ni vi b phn ni t bo v thit b in. B phn ni t chng cm ng st phi c tr s in tr tn dng in tn s cng nghip khng ln hn 10 m v phi t cch xa b phn ni t chng st nh thng mt khong cch S nh nu iu 2.4. 2.8. chng cm ng in t, phi ni tt c cc ng ng kim loi, cc kt cu kim loi di, ai v m kim loi ca cc cp ti nhng ch chng i gn nhau nht ( trong phm vi 100m ). Nu chng song song vi nhau, dc theo chiu di c cch nhau 15 n 20m phi ni lin h vi nhau. Nu cc on song song khng di qu 20m th phi ni hai u ng. Cc mi ni, mt bch hay mng sng ni ca cc ng ng phi bo m in tr tip xc 0,03 m, nu khng bo m tip xc tt phi hn st thm cc cu ni bng thp trn hay thp dp. 2.9. chng in p cao ca st lan truyn trong cng trnh nu c h thng ng ng ngm bng kim loi dn vo, v tr u vo cng trnh phi ni h ng ng vi b phn ni t chng cm ng st, hay ni vi b phn ni t bo v thit b in B phn ni t chng st nh thng phi t cch xa h ng ng ngm v cc b phn ni t khc mt khong cch S nh nu iu 2.4 2.10. chng in p cao ca st lan truyn trong cng trnh nu h ng ng bng kim loi t ni bn ngoi dn vo cn phi: a) Nu h ng ng t trn cc tr , v tr u vo cng trnh ni ng vi b phn ni t cm ng st. Ti tr th nht ( gn cng trnh ) ni t vi tr s in tr tn dng in tn s cng nghip 10 m v tr th hai l 20 m Dc theo ng ng khong 20 n 30m, ni t lp li vi in tr tn dng in tn s cng nghip 30 m b) Nu h ng ng t mt t, ti v tr u vo cng trnh, ni ng vi b phn ni t chng cm ng st. cc im dc theo chiu di ng, cch v tr u vo cng trnh 10 v 20m, ni t vi in tr tn dng in tn s cng

nghip tng ng bng 10 m v 20 m. Sau c tip nhau tng khong 20 n 30m, ni t lp li vi in tr tn dng tn s cng nghip 30 m. 2.11. Cc ng dy in dn vo cng trnh c in p di 1.000 V ( ngoi ra, cc ng dy khc iu khng c dn vo) nht thit phi t cp ngm sut t trm bin p cung cp ti cng trnh, ng thi phi p dng thm cc bin php sau: a) Ti trm bin p cung cp in, pha in p thp v ti hp u cp ca cng trnh, trn cc li cp phi t b chng st h p. b) V hp u cp, ai v v kim loi ca cp u v cng trnh phi ni vi b phn ni t ca cc b phn chng st h p. Bo v cc cng trnh cp II 2.12. i vi cc cng trnh cp II c th b tr thit b chng st c lp, cch ly hoc t trc tip ln cng trnh. Cn phi tnh ton v so snh v kinh t k thut chn phng n hp l nht. - Nu b tr h thng chng st c lp hoc cch ly vi cng trnh cc vt liu khng dy dn in, cn phi thc hin theo iu 2.3; 2.4. Nu b tr thit b chng st trc tip trn cng trnh cn phi tha mn cc yu cu sau: a) i vi kim loi hay dy thu st t mi kim loi hoc dy thu st phi c t nht l hai dy xung. b) i vi mng li thu st lm bng thp trn, kch thc mi li khng c ln hn 5x 5m. Cc mt li phi c hn ni vi nhau Trng hp cng trnh c mi bng kim loi, nu b dy mi ln hn 4mm c th s dng mi thu v dn st. Nu mi kim loi c b dy nh hn 4mm ch c s dng mi dn st. Trong mi trng hp phi bo m s dn in lin tc gia cc b phn ring r ca mi vi nhau. c) Trn mi ca cng trnh nu c t cc b phn nh cao bng kim loi ( nh ng thng hi thang cha chy, v.v..) th mi b phn ny phi bo m dn in lin tc v phi c lm ni t vi li thu st hay mi kim loi cc b phn nh cao ni trn khng phi bng kim loi ( nh ng khi, ng thng hi xy bng gch, v.v), phi t thm ln trn cc b phn thu st ph ( kim hoc ai thu st, v hn ni b phn thu st ph ny vi mng li thu st hay mi kim loi d) i vi c lai cng trnh cao qu 15m cn phi thc hin ng p tng tng. Ti cc tng ca cng trnh, phi t cc ai san bng in p bao quanh cng trnh, cc dy xung phi ni vi c ai bng in p v tt c cc b phn bng kim lai, k c cc b phn kim lai khng mang in ca thit b, my mc c cc tng phi c ni t vi cc ai san bng in p bng dy ni. Trng hp ny phi thc hin ni t mch vng bao quanh cng trnh. e) Khi s dng mt b phn ni t cc hay cm cc chm thng ng, cc dy xung phi t pha ngai trn cc mt tng i din ca cng trnh . Khi s dng b phn ni t ko di hay mch vng th dy xung phi t cch nhau khng qu 15 n 20m dc theo chu vi mi cng trnh. g) C th s dng cc b phn kt cu kim lai ca cng trnh nh: ct thp, v ko thp cng nh ct thp trong v ct thp ca cu kin b tng ct thp ( tr ct thp c ng lc trc v ct thp ca cu kin b tng nh) lm dy xung, vi iu kin k thut thi cng phi bo m c s dn in lin tc ca cc b phn kim lai c s dng lm dy xung ni trn ( bng phng php hn in) 2.13. nhng vng t c tr s in tr sut nh hn hoc bng 3.104 m, c php s dng ct thp trong cc lai mng bng b tng ct thp lm b phn ni t, vi iu kin k thut thi cng phi bo m c s dn in lin tc ca ct thp trong cc lai mng ni trn. 2.14. Tr s in tr xung kch ca b phn ni t chng st nh thng p dng iu 2.5. 2.15. Khang cch gia cc b phn ca thit b chng st v cc b phn kim lai ca cng trnh, cc ng ng, ng dy in lc, in nh (in thai, truyn thanh) dn vo cng trnh: a) Pha trn mt t, khng c nh hn 1,5m pha di mt t, khng nh hn 3m b) Trng hp thc hin khang cch quy nh trn gp nhiu kh khn v khng hp l v kinh t - k thut th c php ni chng v c cc b phn kim lai khng mang in ca cc thit b in vi thit b chng st, tr cc phng c nguy c gy ra chy n, v phi thc hin thm cc bin php sau: - Cc ng dy in lc, in nh phi lun trong cc ng thp, hoc s dng cc lai cp c v bng kim lai v ni cc ng thp, hoc v kim lai ca cp vi ai san bng in p ti ch gn nhau nht. - Phi t ai san bng in p bn trong cng trnh ai san bng in p l mt mng cc li t nm ngang, chn su khng nh hn 0,5m so vi mt sn, lm bng thp trn hoc thp dt tit din khng c nh hn 100mm2 v b dy thp dt khng nh hn 4mm. Kch thc mi li khng c ln hn 5 x 5m. - Nht thit phi s dng hnh thc ni t mch vng bao quanh cng trnh v dc theo mch vng ni t, c cch nhau tng khang 10 n 15m phi hn ni lin h vi ai san bng in p trong cng trnh: in tr xung kch ca mch vng ni t khng vt qu tr s nu iu 2.5 - Khi s dng ct thp trong cc mng bng b tng ct thp ca cng trnh lm b phn ni t th khng yu cu t ai san bng in p bn trong cng trnh. 2.16. Chng st cho cc b cha kn t ngai. a) Trng hp b cha bng kim loi, nu thnh b c b dy t 5mm tr ln c s dng thnh b thu v dn st nu b dy thnh b nh hn 5mm th t b phn thu st ring, thnh b ch c s dng dn st. b) Trng hp cc b cha bng b tng ct thp, c th b tr thit b chng st c lp, cch ly hay t trc tip trn b cha . c) Nu c ng thng hi hoc that kh trn b th khang khng gian trn cc ng cng phi c bo v nh nu iu 2.6. d) in tr ni t xung kch ca b phn ni t khng c ln hn 20 m v phi c t nht l hai dy xung ni thnh b hay b phn thu st vi b phn ni t. 2.17. chng cm ng tnh in, p dng iu 2.7. Trng hp s dng mi kim loi chng st nh thng hoc t di chng st nh thng trn cng trnh th khng phi chng cm ng st, nhng phi thc hin ng p tng tng v ni cc kt cu vi kim loi hoc my mc bn trong cng trnh vi ai san bng in p. 2.18. chng cm ng in, p dng iu 2.8

2.19. chng in p cao ca st lan truyn trong cng trnh, nu c h ng ng dy, ng ng ngm bng kim loi dn vo p dng iu 2.9 Ring khong cch trong t (S) t b phn ni t bo v chng st nh thng n cc ng dy, ng ng v b phn kim loi khc p dng iu 2.15. 2.20. chng in p cao ca st lan truyn trong cng trnh nu c h ng dy, ng ng bng kim loi t ni bn ngoi dn vo, p dng iu 2.10. 2.21. Cc li in c in p di 1000V, li in nh (in thoi, truyn thanh ) ch c a vo cng trnh bng cp ngm. Hp u cp, ai v v cp bng kim loi phi ni vi b phn ni t chng cm ng st. Nu cc li in trn l ng dy trn khng, nu mun a vo cng trnh phi chuyn sang dng cp ngm, chiu di an cp ny t nht l 50m. Vi li in p di 1000 V, ct c s chuyn i t ng dy dn trn khng sang ng dy cp, hp u cp; ai v v cp bng kim lai cng nh x chn s bng kim lai trn ct phi ni vi mt b phn ni t c in tr tn dng in tn s cng nghip khng ln hn 10 m, ngai ra gia mi ng dy vi cc b phn kim lai c lin h vi cc b phn ni t phi t cc b chng st h p hay khe h phng in vi khong cch phng in bng 2 n 3mm X v chn s bng kim loi trn ct ng dy k tip vi ct c s chuyn i ni trn phi ni vi mt b phn ni t c in tr tn dng in tn s cng nghip khng ln hn 20 m. Bo v cc cng trnh cp III 2.22. i vi cng trnh cp III cn phi t thit b chng st ngay trn cng trnh, ch c php t thit b chng st c lp vi cng trnh trong nhng trng hp c bit thun li v k thut kinh t. B phn thu st c th s dng hnh thc kim, dy ai hoc li thu st ty tng trng hp c th. Khi bo v bng li thu st, kch thc mi li khng c ln hn 12x12m v phi b tr thm cc kim hoc ai thu st bo v cho cc kt cu nh cao ln khi mi. Cc dy xung phi t men theo tng pha ngoi cng trnh ( tr trng hp thit b chng st t c lp vi cng trnh). Khi bo v li in thu st, dc theo chu vi mi c cch nhau 20 n 25m phi t mt dy xung . Ngoi ra dy xung v b phn ni t cng c p dng, iu 2.12g v 2.13. in tr xung kch Rxk ca b phn ni t ng vi cc tr s in tr sut t tnh ton (Ptt) v cc cch b tr thit b chng st khng vt qu cc tr s nu trong Bng 1 ( Xem bng 1). 2.23. Cc b phn kim lai ca thit b chng st phi t cch xa cc vt bng kim lai ca cng trnh mt khong cch khng c nh hn 1,5m nu vt kim loi cao di 20m so vi mt t, v khng c nh hn 1:10 chiu di ca an dy xung nu vt kim lai c cao t 20m tr ln: (S>0, 1L), trong L l chiu di ca an dy xung o dc theo ng dy t mt t n im kho st. Trng hp c mt vch ngn bng vt liu khng dn in gia vt kim lai v thit b chng st c th gim khang cch trn mt on bng 3 ln chiu di ca vch ngn. i vi cc ng dy in lc, in nh cng phi bo m khong cch quy nh trn (1,5m hoc 1:10 chiu di ca an dy xung). Khong cch t cc b phn kim loi ca thit b chng st n cc ng ng kim loi ngm hoc cc ng cp ngm dn vo cng trnh khng c nh hn 3m nu khng s dng chng lm vt ni t t nhin. Bng 1 Thit b chng st t c lp vi cng trnh Thit b chng st t ngay trn cng trnh khng thng xuyn c ngi hoc ni lm vic Ptt > 5X104 m .cm 20 Ptt > 5X104 m .cm Rxk 50 Thit b chng st t ngay trn cng trnh khng thng xuyn c ngi hoc ni lm vic thng xuyn Ptt < 5X104 Ptt > 5X104 m .cm m .cm 10 30

Ptt < 5X104 m .cm 20

Ptt > 5X104 m .cm 50

Trng hp thc hin cc khong cch quy nh trn gp nhiu kh khn v khng hp l v kinh t - k thut th c php ni chng v c cc b phn kim lai khng mang in ca thit b in vi thit b chng st, tr cc phng c nguy c gy ra chy n, nhng phi s dng hnh thc ni t mch vng bao quanh cng trnh. Dc theo chu vi mi, c cch nhau 15 n 20m t mt dy xung v hn dy xung vi mch ni t ni trn. 2.24. i vi cc cng trnh cp III khng cao hn 16m, khng rng hn 20m, khng c cc phng c nguy c n chy. Khng tp trung ng ngi v xy dng ti nhng vng c mt st nh thng khng cao, c th p dng phng thc bo v trng im nh sau: a) i vi cng trnh mi bng, ch cn bo v cho cc gc nh v dc theo chu vi ca ng vin tng chn mi. b) i vi cng trnh mi dc, mi rng ca, mi chng dim, ch cn bo v cho cc gc nh, gc dim mi, dc theo b nc v dim mi. Nhng nu chiu di ca cng trnh khng qu 30m th khng cn bo v b nc, v nu dc mi ln hn 280 th cng khng cn bo v dim mi. c) Bo v cho nhng b phn kt cu nh cao ln khi mt mi phi b tr cc kim hoc ai thu st . Nhng kim hoc ai ny phi c ni vi b phn thu st ca cng trnh 2.25. i vi nhng cng trnh c mi kim loi, c php s dng mi lm b phn thu v dn st nu b dy ca mi: - Ln hn 4mm, i vi nhng cng trnh c mt s phng c nguy c, n, chy. - Ln hn 3,5m, i vi cng trnh khng c nguy c chy n, - Khi s dng mi lm b phn thu v dn st phi bo m c s dn in lin tc ca mi. Nu khng, phi hn ni cc b phn ring r ca mi vi nhau, mi b phn t nht phi c hai mi ni Dc theo chu vi mi c cch nhau 20 n 30m phi t mt dy xung, nu cng trnh nh t nht cng phi c hai dy xung. Trng hp b dy mi kim loi nh hn cc tr s quy nh trn, phi t b phn thu st ring bo v, ch c s dng mi dn st v cng phi bo m yu cu dn in lin tc nh trn.

2.26. i vi cc cng trnh bng thanh, tre, na, l phi b tr thit b chng st c lp vi cng trnh. Nu xung quanh cng trnh c cc cy xanh, tt nht l s dng cy xanh t thit b chng st, nhng cng phi m bo cc khang cch an tan nh quy nh trong iu 2.4;3.30 v 3.31 Trng hp c li nhiu v kinh t - k thut th c php t thit b chng st ngay trn cng trnh, nhng cn phi tho mn cc yu cu sau: a) Phi s dng kim thu st lp trn ct cch in ( g, tre) khang cch t cc phn dn in ca kim n mi cng trnh khng c nh hn 400mm. b) Dy xung phi b tr trn cc chn khng dn in v cch mi t 150mm tr ln. c) Dy xung khng c xuyn qua mi . Trng hp c bit phi xuyn qua mi th phi lun trong ng snh hoc s. 2.27. i cc cng trnh chn nui gia sc ( lai gia sc ln phi b tr thit b chng st c lp. B phn thu st v b phn ni t phi t cch xa mng cng trnh v ca ra vo mt khang cch t nht l 10m. Trng hp c li v kinh t th c php t b phn thu st ngay trn cng trnh, nhng b ni t phi t cch mng cng trnh v ca ra vo mt khang cch t nht 5m. Nu khng bo m c khang cch ni trn, khi t xong b phn ni t phi ph lp ln trn mt lp dm ( hoc si) nha ng c chiu dy 100mm tr ln, km theo nn t mt bin bo phng nga 2.28. Chng st nh thng cho nhng ng khi cao. a) Nu ng khi lm bng kim lai, b dy thnh ng ln hn 4mm, s dng ng khi thu v dn st, trng hp ny ch cn tin hnh ni t cho ng khi. Nu b dy thnh ng nh hn 4mm, phi t b phn thu st ring, ch s dng thnh ng dn st. Khi s dng thnh ng thu v dn st, cn phi hn ni cc b phn ring bit ca ng vi nhau. b) Nu ng khi bng b tng ct thp hay xy bng gch, , c th bo v bng kim lai hoc ai thu st vin quanh ming ng khi. Phm vi bo v ca kim thu st phi bao trm tan b ming ng khi. S lng v kch thc kim phi xc nh theo tnh ton nhng chiu di mi kim khng qu 3m Dc theo chiu cao ca ng khi, nu c dy bc thang dn in lin tc th c s dng lm dy xung. i vi ng khi cao t 40m tr ln phi c t nht l hai kim thu st v hai dy xung, tr s in tr ni t xung kch khng ln hn 10 m 2.29. Chng st nh thng cho nhng cng trnh khc nhau nh i cha nc,thp khoan, my ng cc, cn trc, quy nh nh sau: a) Nu chng bng kim loi, dn in lin tc t trn xung th s dng lm b phn thu v dn st. Trng hp ny ch cn ni t cho cng trnh vi tr s in tr ni t xung kch 10 m. Nu cng trnh nh cng phi c t nht l hai dy ni t. Trng hp cng trnh bng kim lai khng dn in lin tc, phi hn cc b phn ring bit li vi nhau hoc t cc u ni nhng khng c lm nh hng n hat ng bnh thng ca thit b. b) Nu chng khng phi lm bng kim lai, cn t b phn thu st ring bo v. Dy xung b tr gn bc thang. Nu bc thang dn in lin tc th c s dng lm dy xung. nu cng trnh cao t 40m tr ln phi c t nht l hai kim thu st v hai dy xung. Tr s in tr ni t xung kch khng c ln hn 10 m. 2.30. bo v chng st nh thng cho cc tng i, i k nim khng phi bng kim loi ( gch, b tng ct thp, , p bng ) nh tng i cn phi t kim hoc ai thu st, khong cch t nh kim, hoc ai n nh tng , i khng quy nh. Dy xung c th s dng ct thp chu lc trong thn tng i, nhng phi bo m lin tc. in tr ni t xung kch khng vt qu 10 m. Trng hp tng, i k nim bng kim lai phi bo m dn in lin tc v ch cn ni t cho cc tng, i vi in tr ni t xung kch khng vt qu 30 m. 2.31. Chng st nh thng cho cc b cha kn t ngai tri p dng iu 2.16. 2.32. chng in p cao ca st lan truyn t ng dy trn khng dn vo cng trnh phi p dng cc bin php bo v sau: a) i vi ng dy in di 1000V, ti u cng trnh phi t b chng st h p, hoc khe h phng in. B phn ni t c in tr tn dng in tn s cng nghip khng ln hn 20 m, ti ct th nht v th hai gn cng trnh phi ni t xa v chn s trn ct vi in tr tn dng in tn s cng nghip tng ng bng 20 v 30 m. Ring i vi cng trnh xy dng dn dng c th khng cn t b chng st h p hoc khe h phng in u vo cng trnh. Nu in p ln hn 1000V, vn bo v theo cc quy nh ca ngnh in lc. b) i vi cc ng dy in nh cn bo v theo quy nh ca cc ngnh ch qun. 2.33. chng in p cao ca st lan truyn t cc ng ng bng kim loi, t ni dn vo cng trnh phi p dng cc bin php bo v sau: a) Ti u vo cng trnh, ng phi c ni t vi in tr tn dng in tn s cng nghip khng ln hn 20 m. b) Ti hai ct u tin gn cng trnh, mi ct phi c ni t vi in tr tn dng in tng s cng nghip bng 40 m. c) Ti cc cuc tip theo thuc khu vc xy dng cng trnh, c cch nhau t 250 n 350m phi c ni t lp li vi tr s in tr tn dng in tn s cng nghip ca mi b phn ni t bng 50 m. Nu ng t nm mt t cng tin hnh ni t theo trnh t nh trn

Chng III

THIT B CHNG ST KIM THU ST Kim thu st 3.1. Km thu st c th bng thp trn, thp dt, thp ng hoc thp gc vi tit din phn kim lai ca nh kim khng c nh hn 100mm2 ( nu thp dt, b dy khng c nh hn 3,5mm; nu thp ng, b dy thnh ng khng c nh hn 3mm) v chiu di hiu dng ca kim khng c nh hn 200m Nu kim thu st tn nhng ni d b n mn, tit din nh kim khng c nh hn 150mm2 ( nu thp dt b dy khng c nh hn 4mm, nu thp ng, b dy thng ng khng c nh hn 3,5mm) nh kim thu st khng cn vut nhn. Nu kim thu st l ng, phi hn kn nh kim li. Hnh dng v kch thc ca mt vi kiu kim thu st (xem Hnh 1) 3.2. Kim thu st c th m km, m thit hoc sn tnh in. Ti nhng vng hoc nhng ni d b n mn kim thu st phi m km. 3.3. Lp t kim thu st phi m bo chc chn trong qu trnh s dng v chu c ti trng gi quy nh trong vng . t kim thu chng st trn ct g, ct b tng ct tho nh kim phi cao hn nh ct t 200mm tr ln, nu dng ct g phi c bin phpchng mc v mi, mt

t kim thu st trn cy xanh, nh kim phi cao hn ngn cy 200mm tr ln v phi c nh kim vo nhng phn chc chn ca thn cy. 3.4. Ngoi kim thu st ra c th s dng cc b phn cu to khc bng kim loi c sn, nh cao ln khi mi cng trnh hoc mi kim loi ca cng trnh lm b phn thu st nh nu chng 2. Dy thu st 3.5 Dy thu st phi lm bng thp, tit din dy khng c nh hn 50mm2 cng nh khng qu 75mm2 v phi c sn dn in. Nu dy thu st t ti nhng ni d b n mn phi tng tit din ln 75mm2 . Dy thu st bo v cho nhng cng trnh nh, khong vt khng qu 50m, c php s dng loi c tit din bng 3,5mm2 . 3.6. C nh dy thu st trn cc kt cu chu lc phi c kp ni c bit, m bo chc chn v c hc v tip xc tt. Dy thu st c nh trn cy xanh phi t ra ti cc phn chc chn ca thn cy. ai v li thu st 3.7 ai thu st v li thu st dng chng st nh thng c th lm bng thp trn hoc thp dt tit din khng c nh hn 50mm2 , b dy thp dt khng c nh hn 3mm, v phi c sn dn in Nu t ti nhng ni d b n mn, tit din trn khng c nh hn 75mm2, b dy thp dt khng c nh hn 3,5mm 3.8. ai hoc li thu st t trn cc cc d bng thp trn hoc thp dt, c cch nhau t 1,0 n 1,5m phi c cc , khong cch t ai hoc li thu st n mt mi cng trnh khng nh hn 60mm. t cc cc trn mi phi bo m: a) Chng dt cho mi. b) Khng ph hai lp chng thm hoc cch nhit ca mi. c) Khng cn tr n vic thot nc ma trn mi. d) Dy khng cng qu v khi bng qua cc khe ln phi c an dn un cong khong 100 n 200mm. Dy xung, dy ni, cu ni 3.9. Dy xung c th lm bng thp trn hoc thp dt, tit din khng c nh hn 35mm 2 v b dy thp dt khng c nh hn 3mm. Nu t b phn thu st n b phn ni t ch t mt dy xung, tit din ca dy xung ny khng c nh hn 50 mm2

Dy xung ti nhng ni d b n mn, tit din khng c nh hn 50 mm2 v b dy thp khng c nh hn 3,5mm. 3.10. Cc cu ni, dy ni ca thit b chng st v ai san bng in p c th lm bng thp trn hoc thp dt, tit din khng nh hn 28mm2, b dy thp dt khng c nh hn 3mm, v cn phi sn chng r Nu t ti nhng ni d b n mn, tit din khng c nh hn 35mm2 v b dy thp dt khng nh hn 3,5mm. 3.11. Dy xung ni b phn thu st vi b phn ni t phi b tr theo ng ngn nht v khng c to nn nhng gc nhn hoc un cong ( Hnh 2). Trng hp t bit phi un khng c nh hn 1 : 10 chiu di an dy un cong ( Hnh 3).

t dy xung t v ni trn mi cng trnh phi theo quy nh nu iu 3.8. t dy xung v ni dc theo tng phi c cc , khong cch gia cc cc , khng c ln hn 1,5m v khong cch t dy xung n mt tng khng nh hn 50mm. 3.12. Dy xung nn t nhng v tr t ngi v gia sc qua li, khong cch t dy xung n mp cc ca ra vo, ca s khng c nh hn 1,5m. t bit i vi cc cng trnh thng xuyn tp trung nhiu tr em th dy xung phi cch xa cc ca ra vo v li i t 5m tr ln. nhng v tr ngi v gia sc c th tip xc, an dy xung t mt t n cao 2,5 phi t trong ng cch in hoc qun bng vt liu cch in. Nu c kh nng b va chm v c hc, on dy xung ny phi c bo v bng cc thanh thp hnh p bn ngoi ( thp gc hoc thp ch U). 3.13. Cng cho php s dng c b phn bng kim lai t theo chiu dc c sn trong cng trnh lm dy xung nh ct thp, ct thp dc trong cc loi ct b tng ct thp.v.vnhng phi tun th theo iu 2.12. 3.14. Trn dy xung c th t ch ni d tho ri tin kim tra tr s in tr ca b phn ni t nhng trng hp cng trnh ch c mt dy xung th khng c php t. ch ni d tho ri t pha tng ngoi ca cng trnh, cch mt t t 1 n 1,5m

B phn ni t chng st 3.15. B phn ni t chng st c th lm bng thp trn, thp dt, thp gc hoc thp ng vi tit din phn kim loi khng nh hn 100mm2 , (b dy thp dt, thp gc khng c nh hn 4mm v b dy thp ng khng c nh hn 3,5mm) Nu t ti nhng ni d b n mn, tit din trn phi ln hn 100mm2 3.16. B phn ni t c th trn hoc sn dn in, m thit, m km nhng cm khng c sn cch in, hc n hoc nha ng.

3.17. Xc nh hnh thc ni t phi cn c vo nhng quy nh Chng 2, tr s in tr sut t v tr s in tr yu cu ca b phn ni t. 3.18. Tr s in tr sut t (p. m.cm) s dng trong tnh ton phi o thc t ti khu vc chn b phn ni t. Ch cho php s dng tr s in tr sut t cho trong cc s tay thit k k thut - Ph lc 1. 3.19. Tr s in tr sut t tnh ton (p.tt) bng tr s in tr sut o c (p) nhn vi h s thay i in tr sut ()(1) (Ph lc 2); 3.20. Thng thng nn la chn hnh thc ni t theo ch dn di y: a) Khi tr s in tr sut t khng ln qu 3x10 4 m.cm, th s dng hnh htc ni t cc chn thng ng, chiu di cc t 2,5 n 3m, u trn ca cc phi ng n su cch mt t t 0,5 n 0,8m. Nu lp t di su c in tr sut nh ( t 3x10 4 m.cm, tr xung) hoc c mch nc ngm, cn s dng hnh thc cc chn su, v c th tng chiu di cc ti 6m. Trong trng hp ny c th s dng b tng ct thp, cc mng bng b tng ct thp ca cng trnh lm b phn ni t chn su. Trng hp lp t trn c tr s in tr sut nh, cc lp t di l si hoc c in tr sut ln th s dng hnh thc ni t thnh (tia) t nm ngang ( ni t ko di) chn su t 0,5 n 0,8 so vi mt t, chiu di mi thanh khng nn ly qu chiu di ti hn, ng vi cc tr s in tr sut t, cho Bng 2. Trng hp cn phi tng s thanh khng c nh hn 900 - Trong qu trnh la chn nn u tin s dng hnh thc ni t ko di. b) Khi in tr sut ca t bng t 3 n 7x10 4 m.cm, cn s dng hnh thc ni t hn hp ( cc kt hp vi thanh). C th s dng ni t hn hp kiu hnh vung, ch nht, vng trn. Cc cc ch nn ng trong khong 2:3 chiu di ca thanh tnh t u thanh, pha ni vi dy xung. c) Khi tr s in tr sut ln hn 7x10 4 m.cm hoc t c nhiu tng, va, cho php ko di thanh ti ch t c tr s in tr sut nh (h, ao, sng sui ) nhng khng nn a ra qu 100m. d) Cng c th p dng bin php nhn to ci thin dn in ca t nhng vng c tr s in tr sut cao - Ph lc 3. 3.21. Khong cch gia cc cc trong hnh thc ni t hn hp khng c nh hn chiu di mi cc. 3.22. Trong gii hn nht nh, b phn ni t c in tr xung kch (Rxk) quan h vi in tr tn dng in tn s cng nghip (R ) theo cng thc: Rxk =. R Trong l h s xung kch, ph thuc vo tr s dng in st, in tr sut t v hnh thc cu to ca b phn ni t. Nn dng nhng b phn ni t c 1. Trong Bng 2 cho cc tr s chiu di ti hn (Ith) ca thanh ni t nm ngang, bo m c <1 trong cc trng hp in tr khc nhau. Bng 2 m xcm <5x104 5x104 10x104 20x104 40x104 25 35 50 80 100 Cc tr s, h s xung kch trong cc trng hp in tr sut t khc nhau cho Bng 3 Cc s t s dng cho hnh thc ni t hn hp, cc s mu s dng cho hnh thc ni t cc chn thng ng. Bng 3 m xcm <1x104 0,9 0,9 1x104 0,7 0,9 5x104 0,5 0,7 10x104 0,3 0,5 20x104 0,35

3.23. Tr s in tr tn dng in tn s cng nghip ca mt s hnh thc ni t n gin trnh by Ph lc 4. 3.24. t b phn ni t phi bo m cc khong cch an ton quy nh Chng 2. B phn ni t cc chn thng ng phi t ti nhng ch t ngi, gia sc qua li. Khi xt thy c kh nng nguy him cn phi ro, chn xung quan. Khong cch t hng ro n b phn ni t t nht l 5m. Nu iu kin kinh t cho php c th ng thm cc cc ph gim in p xung quanh b phn ni t. 3.25. Phi t b phn ni t xa nhng vng xung quanh ng khi, kho cha phn, rnh tho phn, rc hu c .. Khong cch ny cng xa cng tt. 3.26. Phi s dng loi t c in tr sut nh lp ly b phn ni t, khng c lp ly bng t c nhiu gch, , si, cui, x than, Khi lp xong phi m k, c mi lp t dy t 100 n 150mm phi m mt ln, km theo c th ti thm nc. Lc m phi trnh va chm mnh lm h hng b phn ni t (bong cc mi hn ni). 3.27. Khi li dng cc cng trnh, ng ng kim loi hoc v kim loi ca cc loi cp thuc c quan khc lm vt ni t t nhin phi uc s tha thun ca cc c quan . Khi li dng cc vt ni t nhin phi c kim tra o c thc t. Trng hp khng kim tra, o c c th ch c th s dng vt ni t t nhin gim bt in tr ni t, cn khi xc nh in tr ni t phi cn c vo b phn ni t nhn to. Cc mi hn, ni thit b chng st 3.28. i vi cc cng trnh cp I v II phi hn ni bng in hoc hi. i vi cc cng trnh cp III, nu khng c iu kin hn hoc i vi b phn chng st tm thi th cho php ni bng kp ni, bu-lng hoc inh tn. Khng c hn thic hoc ni bng cch vn xon, buc dy. Ni mi kim loi vi dy xung phi dng mi hn c bit (Hnh 5). Nhng mi ni ti ni d b n mn nht thit phi hn hoc s dng mng xng ni c bit chng n mn. Trng hp c yu cu cn phi kim tra in tr ni t thng xuyn, th ch ni gia dy xung v dy ni t phi s dng mi ni d tho ri nh nu iu 3.14

3.29. Cc mi hn phi bo m cht lng tt. Chiu ca mi hn khng c nh hn 6 ln ng knh ca thanh ni ln hoc khng c nh hn 2 ln b rng ca thanh ni dt. S dng cy xanh t thit b chng st 3.30. C th li dng cy xanh, mc gn cng trnh t thit b chng st. Vi cc cng trnh cn bo v theo cp s dng cy cch cng trnh mt khang cch khng nh hn kch thc nu iu 2.4 t kim thu st. Ngoi khong cch t cy hoc tn cy n cng trnh nh hn kch thc nu iu 2.4. ch cho php dng t kim thu st chng st cho cc cng trnh cp II, III, nhng phi bo m mt trong cc iu kin sau: a) Trn tng cng trnh i din vi cy, dc theo ton b chiu cao ca cng trnh t mt dy xung, ni u ca dy xung ny vi b ni t ca kim thu st t trn cy b) T kim thu st t trn cy, dng chuyn dy xung sang mt cy khc bn cnh, nhng cy ny (hoc tn cy phi cch xa cng trnh t 5m tr ln, xong t y ni vi b phn ni t) 3.31. Kim thu st hoc dy thu st phi c nh ti cc phn chc chn ca cy xanh nh quy nh trong cc iu 3.3 v 3.6. Nhng tn cy gn cng trnh phi cht bt bo m khong cch ti cng trnh t nht l 3m. Chng IV PHM VI BO V CA B PHN THU ST 4.1 Phm vi bo v ca b phn thu st trong iu kin bnh thng l mt khong khng gian m bn trong c cng trnh xy dng cn chng st nh thng c bo m an ton. B mt ca phm vi bo v c mc an tan nh nht, cng tin vo pha trong mc an ton cng cao Mt kim thu st 4.2. Phm vi bo v ca mt kim thu st ng ring r -l mt hnh nn gy nh trng vi nh kim, y l mt hnh trn c bn knh bng 1,5 ln chiu cao ca kim (ro =1,5h) (Hnh 6). Mt ct ng ca phm vi bo v, gii hn bi mt ng sinh gy khc, do hai thanh ng thng to thnh. Mt an ni t nh kim n im mt t cch chn ct thu st bng 0,75h; on kia ni t mt im trn kim thu st v cao bng 0,8h ti mt im mt t cch chn ct thu st bng 1,5h. cao hx bt k, bn knh bo v ca kim thu st rx c xc nh bng cng thc sau : a) Nu hx/ h 2/3 th rx = 1,5 (h -1,25 hx). b) Nu hx/ h > 2/3 th rx = 0,75 (h- hx) Trng hp bit rx v hx th chiu cao ca kim thu st xc nh bng cc cng thc sau:

Hai Kim thu st 4.3 Phm vi bo v ca hai kim thu st ( cn gi l kim thu st kp to bi hai kim thu st cao bng nhau ( Hnh 7). a) Phm vi hai u xc nh nh trng hp 2 kim thu ring r quy nh iu 4.2.

b) Phm vi gia hai kim c gii hn trn l mt cung trn i qua 2 nh kim v tm ca cung nm trn ng trung trc ca on thng ni lin gia hai kim v c cao bng 4 ln ca kim thu st (H=4h) Bn knh ca cung trn xc nh bng cng thc: R = H Ho = 4h - ho

Trong ho l chiu cao ti im thp ca cung v c xc nh bng cng thc: Khi bit a v ho th chiu cao ca kim thu st xc nh bng cng thc: Mt ct ngang ca phm vi bo v ti im thp nht, gia hai kim thu st hon ton ging nh phm vi bo v ca kim thu st ng ring r C chiu cao l ho. Mt ct ny cho php xc nh c b rng ca phm vi bo v trn mt bng ti im gia kim thu st theo cc cng thc sau: a) Nu hx/ho 2/3 th bx =1,5 (ho 1,25hx) b) Nu hx/ho > 2/3 th bx =0,75 (ho hx) Khi bit hx v bx chiu cao thp nht ca vng bo v gia hai kim xc nh bng cng thc sau: a) Nu hx/bx 2,67 th
2 h = 0, 571 0 + 0,183 h h 0

ho = 4 h 9 2h

0, 25 2 + a

0, 03572 a +

h0 =
b) Nu hx/bx > 2,67 th

bx + 1, 875 hx 1, 5 bx + 0, 75 hx 0, 75

h0 =

Ghi ch: Mun hnh thnh kim thu st kp phi tha mn iu kin a/h 28 ( tc l bx 0) 4.4. Kim thu st kp, to thng bi hai kim chiu cao khc nhau (Hnh 8). Phm vi bo v hai u xc nh nh trng hp hai kim ng ring r quy nh trong iu 4.2. Phm vi bo v gia hai kim xc nh nh sau: T nh kim thu st thp vch ng thng ngang ct ng sinh gii hn phm vi bo v ca kim thu st cao. Ti giao im ny coi nh c mt kim thu st gi tng cao bng kim thu st thp. Phm vi bo v kim thu st thp v kim thu st gi tng nh quy nh trong iu 4.3. Ghi ch: Mun hnh thnh kim thu st kp phi tha mn iu kin sau: a2-3; h2 (a2-3 l khong cch gia kim thu st thp v kim thu st gi tng).

28.

Nhiu Kim thu st 4.5. Phm vi bo v ca nhiu kim thu st kt hp ( Hnh 9,10) a) Phm vi pha ngoi tam gic hoc a gic ( do nh cc kim to thnh) xc nh nh trng hp kim thu st kp quy nh trong cc iu 4.3 v 4.4. b) Phm vi pha trong tam gic hoc a gic s c hon ton bo v vi iu kin l: bx 0 D 8 hx Trong bx l b rng ca phm vi bo v ti ch hp nht gia hai thu st lin tip v D l ng knh vng trn ngoi tip tam gic hoc ng cho di nht ca a gic. Nu chiu cao ca kim thu st ln hn 30m, th D phi gim xung bng cch nhn thm vi h

p = 5, 5 :

Mt dy thu st 4.6. phm vi bo v ti hai u dy xc nh nh kim thu st ng ring r quy nh iu 4.2. nhng bn knh y nn bo v bng 1,25 ln chiu cao ca u mt dy thu st (romax = 1,25hmax ).

Phm vi bo v dc theo dy thu st phi xc theo cao thc t ti cc im khc nhau ca dy v tnh theo cng thc: a) Nu hx/htt 2/3 th rx = 1,25 (htt 1,25hx) b) Nu hx/htt > 2/3 th rx = 0,625 (htt hx) trong htt l chiu cao thc t ca dy ti im kho st ( Hnh 11) Hai dy thu st 4.7. Phm vi bo v ca dy thu st kp to bi hai dy cao bng nhau ( Hnh 12). a) Phm vi hai u xc nh nh trong trng hp kim thu st kp c chiu cao bng nhau quy nh iu 4.3 nhng bn knh nn bng 1,25 ln chiu cao ca 2 im mt ca dy. b) Phm vi dc theo dy v pha ngoi xc nh nh trng hp mt dy ng ring r quy nh iu 4.6. c) Phm vi dc theo mi dy v pha trong (gia hai dy ) c gii hn trn bng mt mt cong, mt cong ny do mt ng sinh to nn. ng sinh l mt cung trn ta trn hai dy thu st, tm ca cung di chuyn trn mt phng thng ng gia hai dy v c cao bng 3 ln chiu cao thc t ca dy (htt). Khi bit htt v a, chiu cao ti im thp nht ca cung xc nh nh sau: Khi bit htt v ho bn knh cung xc nh nh sau: R = 3 htt - ho Ghi ch: Mun hnh thnh dy thu st kp phi tha mn iu kin sau l : Trong a l khong cch hai dy thu st v hmin l chiu cao nh nht ca dy

h0 = 3 h 4 2tt h tt

+ 25 a 0, 2

a / hmin

20

4.8. Phm vi bo v ca dy thu st kp to bi 2 dy c chiu cao khc nhau (Hnh 13).

a) Phm vi hai u dy xc nh nh trng hp kim thu st kp c chiu cao khc nhau quy nh iu 4.4 nhng bn knh y nn bo v bng 1,25 ln chiu cao ca hau u mt y.

b) Phm vi dc theo mi dy v pha ngoi, xc nh nh trng hp mt dy thu st ng ring r - iu 4.6 c) Phm vi khong gia 2 dy xc nh bng cch: coi nh c dy thu st gi tng cao bng dy thu st thp ( cch xc nh dy thu st gi tng ging nh trng hp kim thu st kp c chiu cao khc nhau, iu 4.4) Xc nh trong phm vi bo v gia dy thp v dy gi tng nh quy nh trong iu 4.4. Ghi ch: Mun hnh thnh dy thu st kp phi tha mn iu kin . Nhiu dy thu st 4.9. Nhiu dy thu st kt hp Hnh 14, c phm vi bo v xc nh theo tng cp dy lin tip nh quy nh trong cc iu 4,5;4,7;4,8

4.10. vng ca dy thu st ti im bt k ca dy xc nh theo cc cng thc sau: a) Nu 2 u dy cao bng nhau:

F = 4 f.
b) Nu hai u dy cao khc nhau

lt lt x(l ) L L

F=

l lt lt .Vh + 4 f . t x( l ) L L L

Ghi ch:F L vng ca dy thu st ti im bt k (m). Nu nu dy c hai u cao khc nhau th F l khong cch chnh lc gia u cao vi im kho st h l hiu sut chiu cao ca hai u dy (m) F l vng ti im gia hai dy 4.11. Thit k dy thu st tnh trng hp dy b dao ng khi c ging st dao ng ca dy xc nh theo cng thc sau: C= Fn Sin Trong : Fn l vng ti im kho st Sin = Y4: y6; - l gc dao ng ca dy tnh bng grao; y4 l ti trng ring ca dy do p lc gi gy ra ( tnh KG/m.mm2 ) ; y6 l ti trng ring ca dy do trng lng bn thn v p lc gi gy ra (tnh KG/m.mm2) C l dao ng ca dy (tnh bng M) y4 v y6 trong ph lc 5. 4.12. Thit k dy thu st phi tnh n tng chiu cao ca dy kho dao ng v chiu cao ca dy ti v tr dao ng. Theo cc cng thc sau:
' htt = Fn Fn2 C 2 ; ' htt = htt +Vhtt

Trong htt l chiu cao thc t tai im kho st, htt l tng chiu cao ca dy; v htt l chiu cao thc t ca dy ti v tr dao ng.