L Trinh Tng THPT Tr ng

Vng QN
RN LUYN K NNG BIN I LNG GIC
A- CCVN V L THUYT .
I- TM TC CNG THC LNG GIC
H THNG CC CNG THC LNG GIC:
I- GC V CUNG LNG GIC:
1. Cng thc quy i Raian:
180
a

( a tnh bng ,

tnh bng rad)

2. S o gc v cung lng gic theo v radian.
s(ox, ot) = a
0
+ k360
0
hoc s(ox, ot) =

+ k2

, k Z. (vi 0
0
a < 360
0
, 0
0

< 2)
Ti liu rn k nng bin i lng gic dng cho HS kh gii 10NC 1
0

6

4

3

2
2
3
3
4

3
2
2
sin 0
1
2
2
2
3
2
1
3
2
2
2
0 1 0
cos 1
3
2
2
2
1
2
0

1
2

2
2
1 0 1
tan 0
3
3
1 3
P
3 1 0
P
0
cot
P
3 1
3
3
0

3
3
1
P
0
P
L Trinh Tng THPT Tr ng
Vng QN
s AB = a
0
+ k360
0
hoc s AB =

+ k2

, k Z. ( vi 0
0
a < 360
0
, 0
0

< 2)
3. Cng thc tnh di cung: l =

.R (

tnh bng rad)

II.NHM CNG THC LNG GIC 1:
1. Hng ng thc lng gic:
sin
2
x + cos
2
x = 1

2 2
2 2
sin x 1 cos x
cos x 1 sin x

2
2
1
1

x x
x x
sin cos
cos sin
1+tan
2
x =
2
1
cos x
cos
2
x =
+
2
1
1 tan x
cosx =
t
+
2
1
1 tan x
1+cot
2
x =
2
1
sin x
sin
2
x =
+
2
1
1 cot x
sinx =
t
+
2
1
1 cot x
tanx.cotx = 1 tanx =

sinx 1
cosx cotx
cotx =

cosx 1
sinx tanx
Ch : Trong cc cng thc c cha du (t ) , vic chn du (+) hoc du () cn nhn
xt gi tr ca cung x trn ng trn lng gic.
2. Cung lin kt:
x

2
x

+ x

2
+ x
sin sinx sinx cosx sinx cosx
cos cosx cosx sinx cosx sinx
tan tanx tanx cotx tanx cotx
cot cotx cotx tanx cotx tanx
3. Ch :
a + b = 180
0
cosb = cosa sinb = sina
a + b =

2
90
0
cosb = sina sinb = cosa
AB
C
sin(B + C) =
sinA
cos(B + C) =
cosA
tan(B + C) = tanA
+

B C A
sin cos
2 2
+

B C A
cos sin
2 2
+

B C A
tan cot
2 2
sin(x + k2) = sinx
cos(x + k2) = cosx
tan(x + k) = tanx
cot(x + k) = cotx
III. NHM CNG THC LNG GIC 2:
1.Cng thc cng:
cos(a t b) = cosa.cosb
m
sina.sinb sin(a t b) = sina.cosb t sinb.cosa
tan(a t b) =
t
m
tana tanb
1 tana.tanb
2.Cng thc nhn:
cos2a = cos
2
a sin
2
a = 2cos
2
a 1 = 1 2sin
2
a =

+
2
2
1 tan a
1 tan a
sin2a = 2sina.cosa =
+
2
2tana
1 tan a
; tan2a =

2
2tana
1 tan a
Ti liu rn k nng bin i lng gic dng cho HS kh gii 10NC 2
L Trinh Tng THPT Tr ng
Vng QN
3.Cng thc h bc:

2
1 cos2a
sin a
2
;
+

2
1 cos2a
cos a
2
;

+
2
1 cos2a
tan a
1 cos2a
4.Cng thc tnh theo t :

a
t tan
2

+
2
2t
sina
1 t

+
2
2
1 t
cosa
1 t

2
2t
tana
1 t
5. Cng thc bin i tch thnh tng:
2cosa.cosb = cos(a + b) + cos(a b) 2sina.sinb = [ cos(a + b) cos(a b) ]
2sina.cosb = sin(a + b) + sin(a b)
6. Cng thc bin i tng thnh tch:
+
+
a b a b
cosa cosb 2cos cos
2 2
+

a b a b
cosa cosb 2sin sin
2 2
tana + tanb =
a b
a b
sin( )
cos .cos
+
+
+
a b a b
sina sinb 2sin cos
2 2
+

a b a b
sina sinb 2cos sin
2 2
tana tanb =
a b
a b
sin( )
cos .cos

H qu: cosx + sinx =

2sin( x) 2cos( x)
4 4

+
cosx sinx =
2sin( x) 2cos( x)
4 4

+
III. H THC LNG TRONG ABC:
1. nh l hm s sin v cos:
a b c
2R
sinA sinB sinC

2 2 2
a b c 2bc.cosA +
2 2 2
b a c 2ac.cosB +
2 2 2
c a b 2ab.cosC +
2. Chuyn cnh sang gc:
a = 2RsinA b = 2RsinB c = 2RsinC
3. Chuyn gc sang cnh:
a
sinA
2R

2 2 2
b c a
cosA
2bc
+

4. Cng thc din tch:

a b c
1 1 1 1 1 1
S a.h b.h c.h bcsinA acsinB absinC
2 2 2 2 2 2

abc
S pr p(p a)(p b)(p c)
4R

, vi
+ +

a b c
p
2

R: Bn knh ng trn ngoi tip, r: Bn knh ng trn ni tip ABC
5. Cng thc ng trung tuyn v phn gic trong cc gc ca ABC:
+

2 2 2
2
a
b c a
m
2 4
+

2 2 2
2
b
a c b
m
2 4
+

2 2 2
2
c
a b c
m
2 4
(m
a
, m
b
, m
c
di trung tuyn)

+
a
2bc A
l cos
b c 2

+
b
2ac B
l cos
a c 2

+
c
2ab C
l cos
a b 2
(la, lb, lc di phn gic)
B. BI TP .
VN 1. CC BI TP C BN V BIN I LNG GIC.
1. Tnh gi tr lng gic ca cung sau.
1) sina =
3
5
vi 0 < a <
2

2) tana = - 2 vi < a <

3) cosa =
5
1
vi -
2

< a < 0 4) sina =

3
1
vi a (
2

, ) 5) tana = 2 vi a (,
2
3
)
Ti liu rn k nng bin i lng gic dng cho HS kh gii 10NC 3
L Trinh Tng THPT Tr ng
Vng QN
2. Chng minh cc ng thc sau:
1) sin
2
x + tan
2
x =
2
1
cos x
- cos
2
x 2) tan
2
x - sin
2
x = tan
2
xsin
2
x 3)
2
2
tan3 3 tan
tan 1 3tan
x x
x x

4)
2 2
2 2
cos sin
cot tan
x x
x x

= sin
2
xcos
2
x 5)
2
2
2
1
(1 cot )( 1)
cos
1 tan
x
x
x
+
+
= 1
6) cosx + cos(2/3 - x) + cos(2/3 - x) = 0 7) sin(a + b)sin(a - b) = sin
2
a -sin
2
b = cos
2
b - cos
2
a
8)
2 2
2 2
tan tan
1 tan tan
a b
a b

= tan(a +b)tan(a - b) 9) cos

3
xsinx - sin
3
xcosx =
1
4
sin4x
10)
cos sin
cos sin
x x
x x

+ =
1
cos 2x - tan2x 11)
sin 2 2sin
sin 2 2sin
x x
x x

+ = -tan
2
2
x
12) sin3xcos
3
x + sin
3
xcos3x =
3
4
sin4x 13) sinx - sin2x +sin3x = 4cos
3
2
x
cosxsin
2
x

14) sinx +2sin3x + sin5x = 4sin3xcos
2
x 15)
4 4 2
2
2
sin cos cos
cos
2(1 cos ) 2
x x x x
x
+

3. Rt gn cc biu thc sau:
1) A = sin(x +
5
2

) - 3cos(x -
7
2

) + 2sin(x + ) 2) B= ( )
11
sin cos 5sin
2 2
x x x

_ _
+ +

, ,
3) ( ) ( ) ( )
os os 2 sin os
2
C c c c

_
+ + + + +

,
4) D= 2cosa-3cos(+a)-5sin(/2-a)+cot(
3
2

- a)
5) cos( - a) - 2sin(3/2 + a) + tan(
3
2

- a ) + cot(2 - a)
4. Chng minh rng cc biu thc sau khng ph thuc vo a.
1) A = cos
4
a + cos
2
asin
2
a +sin
2
a 2) B = cos4a - sin4a + 2sin
2
a
3) C = 2(sin
6
a + cos
6
a) - 3(sin
4
a + cos
4
a) 4) D =
1 cot
1 cot
a
a
+

-
2
tan 1 a
5) E =
2
sin 4 4cos a a +
+
4 2
cos 4sin a a +
6) F = cos
2
a + sin(30
0
+ a)sin(30
0
- a)
7) G = sin
6
a + cos
6
a + 3sin
2
acos
2
a 8) H =
4 4
6 6
sin cos 1
sin cos 1
a a
a a
+
+

9) m l mt s cho trc, chng minh rng nu: m.sin(a + b) = cos(a - b)
Trong a - b

k v m

t 1 th biu thc:
A =
1
1 sin 2 m a
+
1
1 sin 2 m b
(m l hng s khng ph thuc vo a, b ).
5. Tnh cc biu thc i s.
1) Tnh sin
3
a -cos
3
a bit sina -cosa = m
2) Bit sina + cosa = m hy tnh theo m gi tr ca biu thc: A =
1 cos 2
cot tan
2 2
a
a a
+

Ti liu rn k nng bin i lng gic dng cho HS kh gii 10NC 4
L Trinh Tng THPT Tr ng
Vng QN
3) Bit
cos( )
cos( )
a b
a b
+

=
p
q
. Tnh tana.tanb
4) Bit sina + sinb = 2sin(a + b) vi (a + b)

k2 tnh tan
2
a
.tan
2
b

5) Tnh sin2x nu: 5tan
2
x - 12tanx - 5 = 0 (
4

< x <
2

)
6. Khng dng my tnh hy tnh gi tr cc biu thc :
1) A = cos20
0
cos40
0
cos60
0
cos80
0
2) B = cos
7

.cos
4
7

.cos
5
7

3) C = sin6
0
.sin42
0
.sin66
0
.sin78
0
4) Tnh: E = sin5
0
.sin15
0
sin25
0
.sin35
0
. ...... sin85
0

5) Tnh: F = sin
18

.sin
3
18

.sin
5
18

.sin
7
18

. sin
9
18

6) A = sin37
0
.cos53
0
+ sin127
0
.cos397
0
7) A = tan110
0
+ cot20
0
8) Tnh sin15
0
v cos15
0
8) A = tan20
o
.tan40
o
.tan60
o
.tan80
o
b) B =
1
2sin10
o
- 2sin70
o
, M = cos
5

- cos
2
5

c) C = sin
4
16

+ sin
4
3
16

+ sin
4
5
16

+ sin
4
7
16

d) D = tan
2
12

+ tan
2
3
12

+ tan
2
5
12

e) E = tan9
o
- tan27
o
- tan63
o
+ tan81
o
. f) F = cos
6
16

+ cos
6
3
16

+ cos
6
5
16

+

cos
6
7
16

g) G
1
= sin18
o
.cos18
o
; G
2
= sin36
o
.cos36
o
h) H = cos
2
7

+ cos
4
7

+ cos
6
7

i) I = sin
5

+ sin
23
5

+ sin
6

+ cos
13
5

k) K = cos
5

+ cos
2
5

+ cos
3
5

+ cos
4
5

9. Vi a k (k Z) chng minh:
a) cosa.cos2a.cos4a...cos16a =
sin32
32.sin
a
a
b) cosa.cos2a.cos4a....cos2
n
a =
1
1
sin 2
2 sin
n
n
a
a
+
+
10. Tnh: A = cos20
o
.cos40
o
.cos60
o
. 11. Tnh: A = sin6
o
.sin42
o
.sin66
o
.sin78
o
.
12. Tnh: A = cos
7

. cos
4
7

. cos
5
7

. 13. Tnh: cos

65

. cos
2
65

. cos
4
65

. cos
8
65

. cos
16
65

. cos
32
65

.
14.Tnh: sin
18

.sin
3
18

.sin
5
18

.sin
7
18

. sin
9
18

. 15. Tnh: cos

15

.cos
2
15

.cos
3
15

.cos
4
15

....cos
7
15

.
16. Tnh: sin5
o
. sin15
o
.sin25
o
... sin85
o
. 17. Tnh: 96 3 .sin
48

.cos
48

. cos
24

. cos
12

. cos
6

.
18. Tnh: 16.sin10
o
.sin30
o
.sin50
o
.sin70
o
. 19. Tnh: sin10
o
.sin20
o
.sin30
o
....sin80
o
.
20. Tnh: cos9
o
. cos27
o
. cos45
o
. cos63
o
. cos81
o
. cos99
o
. cos117
o
. cos135
o
. cos153
o
. cos171
o
.
Ti liu rn k nng bin i lng gic dng cho HS kh gii 10NC 5
L Trinh Tng THPT Tr ng
Vng QN
21. Tnh: A = cos
5

+ cos
2
5

B = cos
5

+ cos
3
5

7. Ch cc cng thc sau:

1) 4sinx.sin(
3

- x)sin(
3

+ x) = sin3x 2) 4cosx.cos(
3

- x)cos(
3

+ x) = cos3x
3) tanx.tan(
3

- x)tan(
3

+ x) = tan3x 4) cosa.cos2a.cos4a .......... cos2na =

1
1
sin 2 .
2 sin
n
n
a
a
+
+

5) tnh S = cosa - cos(a + x) + cos(a +2x) +......+(-1)
n
. cos(a +nx).
th nhn 2 v vi 2cos
2
x
nu cos
2
x

0.
8.Cc bi tp khc:
1. Chng minh rng :
a)
cos15 sin15
cos15 sin15
o o
o o
+

= 3 b)
sin75 cos75
cos75 sin75
o o
o o

+
=
1
3
2. Rt gn cc biu thc sau:
a) A = sin3x.sin
3
x + cos3x.cos
3
x b) B =
1 cos
sin
x
x
+
[1 +
2
2
(1 cos )
sin
x
x

]
c) C = cos3x.cos
3
x - sin3x.sin
3
x
3. Chng minh rng :
a) 4.cosx.cos(
3

- x).cos(
3

+ x) = cos3x. b) 4.sinx.sin(
3

- x).sin(
3

+ x) = sin3x.
c) tanx.tan(
3

- x).tan(
3

+ x) = tan3x. p dng tnh:

A = sin20
o
.sin40
o
.sin80
o
. B = cos10
o
.cos20
o
.cos30
o
....cos80
o
. C = tan20
o
.tan40
o
.tan60
o
.tan80
o
.
4. Chng minh rng :
a) sin
6
x + cos
6
x =
5
8 +

3
8
cos2x b) tanx =
1 cos 2
sin 2
x
x

p dng tnh:
A = sin
6
(
24

) + cos
6
(
24

) B = tan
2
(
12

) + tan
2
(3.
12

) + tan
2
(5.
12

)
5. Chng minh rng:
a) sin
4
x =
3 1 1
cos 2 cos 4
8 2 8
x x + b) sin
8
x + cos
8
x =
35 7 1
cos 4 cos
64 16 16
x x + +
p dng tnh A = sin
8
(
24

) + cos
8
(
24

) B = sin
4
(
16

) + sin
4
(3.
16

) + sin
4
(5.
16

) + sin
4
(7.
16

)
6. Tnh: cos(
2
7

) + cos(
4
7

) + cos(
6
7

) 22. Tnh cos(

5

) + cos(
2
5

) + cos(
3
5

) + cos(
4
5

)
7. Cho: sin2a + sin2b = 2sin2(a + b). Tnh: tana.tanb. 24. CMR:
0 0
0 0
sin75 cos75
sin75 cos75

+
=
1
3

Ti liu rn k nng bin i lng gic dng cho HS kh gii 10NC 6
L Trinh Tng THPT Tr ng
Vng QN
VN 2. BI TON LNG GIC TRONG TAM GIC.
I. CC KIN THC C BN.
+ A + B + C = +
a b
< c < a + b + a
2
= b
2
+ c
2
- 2a.b.cosC
+ 2
sin sin sin
a b c
R
A B C
+ S =
1 1
. .sin ( ) .
2 2 4
a a
abc
a h ab C pr p a r
R

S = ( )( )( ) p p a p b p c Trong : p =
2
a b c + +
r: bn knh ng trn ni tip r
a
: bn knh ng trn bng tip trong gc A.
+ ng trung tuyn :
m
a
2
=
2 2 2
2 4
b c a +
m
b
2
=
2 2 2
2 4
a c b +
m
c
2
=
2 2 2
2 4
b a c +

+ ng phn gic:
l
a
=
2 .cos
2
A
bc
b c +
l
b
=
2 .cos
2
B
ac
a c +
l
a
=
2 .cos
2
C
ab
a b +
+ M rng nh l sin v cosin:
cotA =
2 2 2
4
b c a
s
+
cotB =
2 2 2
4
a c b
s
+
cotC =
2 2 2
4
a b c
s
+
II-BI TP : CHNG MINH NG THC C BN TRONG TAM GIC.
1. sinA + sinB + sinC = 4cos
2
A
.cos
2
B
.cos
2
C
. 2. sin2A + sin2B + sin2C = 4sinA.sinB.sinC.
3. sin3A+sin3B+sin3C = -4cos
3
2
A
cos
3
2
B
cos
3
2
C
. 4. sin4A+sin4B+sin4C = -4sin2A.sin2B.sin2C.
5. cosA + cosB + cosC = 1+ 4sin
2
A
.4sin
2
B
.4sin
2
C
. 6. cos2A+cos2B+cos2C = -1-4cosA.cosB.cosC.
7. cos3A+cos3B+cos3C =1- 4sin
3
2
A
sin
3
2
B
sin
3
2
C
. 8. tanA + tanB + tanC = tanA.tanB.tanC.
9. cos4A+cos4B+cos4C = -1+ 4cos2Acos2Bcos2C. 10. tan2A +tan2B + tan2C = tan2A.tan2B.tan2C.
11. cotA.cotB + cotB.cotgC + cotC.cotA = 1 12. tan
2
A
tan
2
B
+ tan
2
B
tan
2
C
+ tan
2
C
tan
2
A
=1
13. cot
2
A
+cot
2
B
+ cot
2
C
= cot
2
A
cot
2
B
cot
2
C
. 14. cos
2
A + cos
2
B + cos
2
C = 1 - 2cosA.cosB.cosC.
15. cos
2
2A + cos
2
2B + cos
2
2C = 1 + 2cos2A.cos2B.cos2C. 16.
2
a
m +
2
b
m +
2
c
m =
3
4
(a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
).
17. la =
2 .cos
2
A
bc
b c +
=
2
bc
. . .( ) b c p p a . 18. r = p.tan
2
A
tan
2
B
tan
2
C
=
sin sin
2 2
cos
2
B C
a
A
.
19. R =
C
4.cos .cos .cos
2 2 2
p
A B
. 20. r = 4R.cos
2
A
. cos
2
B
. cos
2
C
.
Ti liu rn k nng bin i lng gic dng cho HS kh gii 10NC 7
L Trinh Tng THPT Tr ng
Vng QN
III. CC BI TON V NG THC TRONG TAM GIC.
1. Chng minh rng din tch tam gic c th tnh theo cc cng thc sau:
S =
2 2
( ).sin .sin
2.sin( )
a b A B
A B

=
1
4
(a
2
sin2B + b
2
sin2A) = p
2
.tan
2
A
tan
2
B
tan
2
C
= 2R
2
.sinA.sinB.sinC.
2. Chng minh cc ng thc sau:
a) a.sin(B - C) + b.sin(C - A) + c.sin(A - B) = 0 b) (b - c)cot
2
A
+(c - a)cot
2
B
+ (a - b)cot
2
C
= 0.
c) (b
2
- c
2
)cotA +(c
2
- a
2
)cotB+(a
2
- b
2
)cotC = 0. d) 2p = (a + b)cosC + (a + c)cosB+(a + b)cosC.
e) sin
2
B C
=
b c
a

cos
2
A
. f) cos
2
B C
=
b c
a
+
sin
2
A
. g) b.cosB + c.cosC = a.cos(B - C).
h) cosA + cosB = 2
a b
c
+
sin
2
2
C
. i)
1
r =
1
a
h +
1
b
h +
1
c
h .
3. Tam gic ABC c 2a = b + c chng minh rng:
a) 2sinA = sinB + sinC. b) tan
2
B
. tan
2
C
=
1
3
.
4. Gi I l tm ng trn ni tip tam gic ABC. R, r l bn knh ng trn ngoi tip, ni tip
ca tam gic. Chng minh rng:
a) r = 4R.cos
2
A
. cos
2
B
. cos
2
C
. b) IA.IB.IC = 4Rr
2
. c) cosA + cosB + cosC = 1 +
r
R
5. Cc cnh a, b, c theo th t lp thnh cp s cng. Chng minh rng cng sai ca cp s cng
c xc nh theo cng thc sau: d =
3
2
r(tan
2
C
- tan
2
A
)
6. Tam gic ABC c hai ng trung tuyn BM v CN vung gc. CMR : b
2
+ c
2
= 5a
2
.
7. Chng minh rng:
cos
2
a
A
l
+
cos
2
b
B
l



cos
2
c
C
l
=
1
a


+
1
b
+
1
c
.
8. Ch. minh rng cc trung tuyn AA' v BB' vung gc vi nhau khi: cotC = 2(cotA + cotB).
9. Cho
c
b
=
b
c
m
m
1 chng minh rng : 2cotA = cotB + cotC.
10. Cho tam gic ABC v AM l trung tuyn. gi = AMB . Chng minh rng:
a) cot =
2 2
4
b c
s

. b) cot = cotC - cotB. c) cot =

2sin( )
2sin sin
B c
B C

11. Chng minh rng

c
b
l nghim ca phng trnh:
(1 + x
2
-2xcosA)(b
2
- bc) = a
2
(1 - x).
12. Tam gic c 3 cnh ln lt l: (x2 +2); (x
2
- 2x +2);
(x
2
+ 2x + 2). Vi gi tr no ca x (dng) th tam gic tn ti.
13. Cho m
a
= c. Chng minh rng:
a) bcosC = 3cosB. b) tanB = 3tanC. c) sinA = 2sin(B - C).
14. Gi H l trc tm tam gic ABC. H chia ng cao xut pht t A theo t s k cho trc.
CMR :a) tanB.tanC = 1 + k. b) tanB + tanC = ktanA c) cos(B - C) = (1+
2
k
)cosA.
15. Cho tam gic ABC c cc cnh a, b, c theo th t lp thnh cp s cng.
Ti liu rn k nng bin i lng gic dng cho HS kh gii 10NC 8
L Trinh Tng THPT Tr ng
Vng QN
Chng minh rng : cot
2
A
cot
2
C
= 3.
16. Tam gic ABC tha mn iu kin: tanA.tanB = 6;
tan
tan
A
C
=3. Chng t rng: tanA, tanB, tanC
theo th t lp 1 cp s cng.
17. Tam gic ABC c cot
2
A
, cot
2
B
, cot
2
C
theo th t lp mt cp s cng. CMR : a, b, c theo th
t cng lp mt cp s cng.
18. Tam gic ABC c: cotA, cotB, cotC hteo th t lp mt cp s cng. Chng minh rng a
2
, b
2
,
c
2
theo th t cng lp mt cp s cng.
19. Cho tam gic ABC tha mn: 2tanA = tanB + tanC. Chng minh rng :
a) tanB.tanC = 3. b) cos(B- C) = 2cosA.
IV NH DNG TAM GIC CN.
A. Chng minh rng tam gic cn khi v ch khi:
1. atanA+btanB =(a+b)tan
2
A B +
2. 2tanB + tanC = tan
2
B.tC. 3.
sin sin 1
(tan tan )
cos cos 2
A B
A B
A B
+
+
+
4.
2 2
2 2
2 2
cos cos 1
(cot cot )
sin sin 2
A B
A B
A B
+
+
+
5.
2sin .sin
cot
2 sin
C A B
C

6. sin
3 3
.cos sin .cos
2 2 2 2
A B B A
7. (p - b)cot . tan
2 2
C B
p 8.
2 2
1 cos 2
sin
4
B a c
B
a c
+ +

9. a
2
sin2B +b
2
sin2A=c
2
cot
2
C
10. a.sin(B - C)+b.sin(C - A) = 0
11. sin
3 3
.cos sin .cos
2 2 2 2
A B B A
12. a = 2b.cosC. Chng minh ABC cn ti A.
B. Tam gic ABC c c im g nu :
1.
2
2
sin tan
sin tan
B B
C C
2. (b
2
+ c
2
)sin(C-B) = (C
2
- B
2
)sin(B- C)

3.
2
2
( ) 1 cos( )
2.
1 cos 2
b c B C
b B

4. sin(B - C)=
2 2
2
b c
a

V. NHN DNG TAM GIC VUNG.

A. Chng minh iu kin cn v tam gic vung l:
1. cos2a + cos2B + cos2C = -12. tan2A + tan2B + tan2C = 0
3. sinA + sinB + sinC = 1 + cosA + cosB + cosC
B. Chng minh tam gic vung khi:
Ti liu rn k nng bin i lng gic dng cho HS kh gii 10NC 9
L Trinh Tng THPT Tr ng
Vng QN
1.
cos cos sin .sin
b c a
B C B C
+ 2. cot
2
B
=
a c
b
+
3.
1
cot ( )
sin
a
A c b
A c b
+

4.
1
cot
sin
b c
A
A a
+
+
5. cot2C =
1
(cot cot )
2
C B
6.
cos( )
tan
sin sin( )
B C
B
A C B

+
7.
sin cos
sin cos
A B
tgA
B A
+

+
8. sin
2
B
=
2
a c
a

9. cos
2 2
B c a
a
+
10. tan
2
B c a
c a

+
11. cos(B - C) =
2
2bc
a
12. S =
2
1
sin 2
4
a B 13.
sin sin
sin .cos .cos
1 1
cos cos
B C
A B C
B C
+

+
14. 1 + cot(45
0
- B) =
2
1 cot A
15. sin
4
C + 2sin
4
A + 2sin
4
B = 2sin
2
C(sin
2
A + sin
2
B)
16. 3(cosB + 2sinC) + 4(sinB + 2cosC) = 15 17. cos2A + cos2B + cos2C + 1 = 0
C. Tam gic ABC c c im g khi tha mn cc iu kin sau.
1. sin3A + sin3B + sin3C = 0 2. sin4A + sin4B + sin4C = 0
3. sin5A + sin5B + sin5C + sin2A + sin2B = 4sinA.sinB
4. a
3
= b
3
+ c
3
5. c = Ccos2B + Bsin2B 6. (1+cotA)(1 + cotB) = 2
7. sin
2
A + sin
2
B =5sin
2
C 8.
1 1 1
a
b c l
+
9. sin
2
A + sin
2
B + sin
2
C 2
10. cos
2
A + cos
2
B + cos
2
C 1
11. Ch.minh nu ABC c: sin
2
A
= sin
2
B
.sin
2
C
th tan
2
B
. tan
2
C
=
1
2
v ngc li.
12. Chng minh rng nu a = 2c th a
2
= bc + c
2
Ti liu rn k nng bin i lng gic dng cho HS kh gii 10NC 10
L Trinh Tng THPT Tr ng
Vng QN
13 Trong tam gic ABC c ng cao CB ct ng cao AD ti trung im H ca AD. Chng minh
rng tanB.tanC = 2.
14. Cho tam gic ABC vung ti A cnh huyn c di bng a.
Chng minh rng: sin
2
B
.sin
2
C
= l
b
.
2
4
c
l
a

15. Cho tam gic vung ABC ti A. Gi l gc gia ng cao v ng trung tuyn ng vi
cnh huyn. Chng minh rng: tan
2

= tan
2
B C

16. Cho tam gic ABC c trung tuyn AM = BA chng minh rng:
a) tgB = 3tgC b) sin A = 2sin(B - C)
17. Cho A, B, C l 3 gc nhn ca mt tam gic. Chng minh rng iu kin cn v tam gic
ABC u l c h thc.
1 1 1
(cot cot cot ) 3
sin sin sin
A B C
a B C
+ + + +
18. Cho tam gic ABC vi 3 gc u nhn. CMR: (sinA)
2sinB
+ (sinB)
2sinC
+ (sinC)
2sinA
> 2
Bt ng thc trn c ng khng nu tam gic ABC vung, v sao?
VI. BT NG THC TRONG TAM GIC.
A. CC KIN THC C BN.
Hm li lm. ( Khng c trong chng trnh HS dng tham kho)
+ Tnh cht hm li:
1 2
( ) ( )
( )
2 2
f x f x x y
f
+ +
, x, y R
Ti liu rn k nng bin i lng gic dng cho HS kh gii 10NC 11
L Trinh Tng THPT Tr ng
Vng QN
+ tnh cht hm lm:
1 2
( ) ( )
( )
2 2
f x f x x y
f
+ +
, x, y R
B. BI TP P DNG.
Chng minh cc bt ng thc sau:
1. sinA + sinB +sinC
3 3
2
2. 1 < sin
2
A
+ sin
2
B
+ sin
2
C

3
2
3. 1 < cosA + cosB + cosC
3
2
4. Sin
2
A + Sin
2
B + Sin
2
C
9
4
5. 2 < cos
2
2
A
+ cos
2
2
B
+ cos
2
2
C

9
4
6.
3
4
sin
2
2
A
+ sin
2
2
B
+ sin
2
2
C
< 1.
7. sin
2
A
. sin
2
B
. sin
2
C

1
8
8. sinA.sinB.sinC
3 3
3
9. cosA.cosB.cosC
1
8
10. cos
2
A
. cos
2
B
. cos
2
C

3 3
3
11. 1 + cosA.cosB.cosC 3 .sinA.sinB.sinC 12.
1
cos A
+
1
cos B
+
1
cosC
6
13.
1
sin
2
A +
1
sin
2
B +
1
sin
2
C 6 14.
2.sin .sin .sin
sin sin sin
A B C
A B C + +

1
3 3
15. (1 +
1
sin A
) + (1 +
1
sin B
) + (1 +
1
sinC
) 5 +
26 3
9
16. tan 2
A
+ tan 2
B
+ tan 2
C

3
17. tan
2
2
A
+ tan
2
2
B
+ tan
2
2
C
1
Ti liu rn k nng bin i lng gic dng cho HS kh gii 10NC 12
L Trinh Tng THPT Tr ng
Vng QN
19. tanA + tanB + tanC 3 3 . (Vi ABC nhn). 20. tan
2
A + tan
2
A + tan
2
A 9. (Vi ABC nhn.)
21. tan
2
A
tan
2
B
tan
2
C

1
3 3
22. cos
3
A + cos
3
A +

cos
3
A
9
4
+
1
4
(cos3A + cos3B + cos3C).
23. 36r
2
ab + bc + ca 9R
2
. 24. (a + b + c)(h
a
+ h
b
+ h
c
)
18S.
25. h
a
+ h
b
+ h
c
9r (
1
r
=
1
a
h
+
1
b
h
+
1
c
h
) 26. (a + b - c)(b + c - a)(c + a - b) abc
27. a
2
(b+c-a)+ b
2
(a+c-b)+c
2
(a+b- c) 3abc. 28. a(b
2
+c
2
-a
2
)+b(a
2
+c
2
-b
2
)+c
2
(a
2
+b
2
-c
2
) 3abc
29. a(b-c)
2
+ b(c-a)
2
+c(a -b)
2
+4abc a
3
+b
3
+c
3
30.
c
ab
l
+
a
bc
l
+
b
ac
l
6R.
31.
1
a
r
+
1
b
r
+
1
c
r
3
2
3
4
( )
R
r a b c abc + +
32.
2
a
m +
2
b
m +
2
c
m
3
s
33. a
4
+ b
4
+ c
4
16S
2
. 34. tg
2
A
+ tg
2
B
+ tg
2
C
+ cotg
2
A
+ cotg
2
B
+ cotg
2
C
4 3
35. a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
4S 3 36. a
2
b
2
+ b
2
c
2
+ c
2
a
2
16S
2
.
CHNG MINH ABC U KHI THA MN CC IU KIN SAU
1. R = 2r 2. S =
2
3
R
2
(sin
3
A + sin
3
B + sin
3
C) 3.
cos cos .cos
sin sin sin
a A b B c C
a B b C c A
+ +
+ +
=
2
9
p
R
3 3 3
2
4.
2 cos
b c a
a
b c a
a b C
+

+ '

5.
3 3 3
2
3
sin .sin
4
a b c
a
a b c
B C

'

6.
3 3 3
2
1
cos .cos
4
B C
a b c
a
a b c

'

Ti liu rn k nng bin i lng gic dng cho HS kh gii 10NC 13
L Trinh Tng THPT Tr ng
Vng QN
7. A, B, C l nghim ca phng trnh: tanx - tan
2
x
=
2 3
3
8. 2(acosA + bcosB + c.cosC) = a + b + c 9. sinA + sinB + sinC = sin2A + sin2B + sin2C.
10. cosA + cosB + cos2C + cos2A + cos2b + cos2C = 0 11. cot
2
A + cot
2
B + cot
2
C = 1
12.
cos cos .cos a A b B c C
a b c
+ +
+ +
=
1
2
13.
sin sin 2sin
cos cos 2cos
A B C
A B C
+
'
+

14.
cos cos cos
sin sin sin
A B C
A B C
+ +
+ +
= 3.cotA.cotB.cotC, vi ABC nhn
15. 3tan
2
A + tan
2
B + tan
2
C = tan
2
A. tan
2
B. tan
2
C 16.
2
1
sin A
+
2
1
sin B
+
2
1
sin C
=
1
2 s i n s i n s i n
2 2 2
A B C
17. cot
2
A
+ cot
2
B
+ cot
2
C
= tanA + tanB + tanC.
18. Cho tam gic ABC c cc gc tha mn: cot
2
A
+ cot
2
B
cot
2
C
= 9 Chng minh ABC l
tam gic u.
19. Cho tam gic ABC tha mn:
.cos .cos .cos 1
2
a A b B c C
a b c
+ +

+ +
(A, B, C l cc gc ca tam
gic a = BC, b = CA, c = AB). Chng minh tamgic ABC l tam gic u.
20. Chng minh tam gic u, iu kin cn v l: p + R = (2 + 3 3 ).r
21. Cho tam gic ABC tha mn: 2cosA.sinB.sinC + 3 (sinA + cosB + cosC) =
17
4
Hi tam gic ABC l tam gic g? Chng minh.
Ti liu rn k nng bin i lng gic dng cho HS kh gii 10NC 14
L Trinh Tng THPT Tr ng
Vng QN
22. Cc gc ca tam gic ABC tha mn: cotA + cotB + cotC = tan
2
A
+ tan
2
B
+ tan
2
C

Chng minh tam gic ABC u.
23. CMR,tam gic ABC c 3 gc tha mn iu kin: sinA+ inB+sinC =sin2A+sin2B+sin2C
th tam gic ABC l tam gic u.
25. Tam gic nhn ABC c cc gc tha mn:

1 1 1 1 1 1
cos cos cos
sin sin sin
2 2 2
A B C
A B C
+ + + +
. Chng minh tam gic ABC l tam gic u.
26. CMR, nu ABC tha mn iu kin: sin2A + sin2B + sin2C th tam gic ABC u.
27. Cho tam gic ABC c cc gc A, B, C tha mn:
2 2 2
1 1 1 1
sin 2 sin 2 sin 2 2. cos . cos . cos A B C A B C
+ +
Chng minh rng tam gic ABC l tam gic u.
28. Tnh cc gc ca tam gic ABC nu cc gc A, B, C ca tam gic tha mn h thc:
cos2A + 3 (cos2B + cos2C) +
5
2
= 0
29. Cho tam gic ABC tha : sin(A + B).cos(A - B) = 2sinA.sinB. CMR, ABC vung.
30. Cho tam gic ABC ni tip trong ng trn bn knh bng 1. Gi ma, mb, mc ln lt l di
cc ng trung tuyn k t cc nh A, B, C ca tam gic ABC. Chng minh rng tam gic ABC l
tam gic u khi v ch khi:
sin sin sin
3
a b c
A B C
m m m
+ +
Ti liu rn k nng bin i lng gic dng cho HS kh gii 10NC 15
L Trinh Tng THPT Tr ng
Vng QN
31. CMR, khng tn ti tam gic m c 3 gc trong ca n u l nghim ca phng trnh:
2
1
(4cos 1)(7sin sin 2 6) 0
2
x x x
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ti liu rn k nng bin i lng gic dng cho HS kh gii 10NC 16