CHNG IV: PHNG TRNH BAC NHA T THEO SIN VA COSIN (PHNG TRNH CO IEN)

a sin u + b cos u = c ( * ) . ( a, b R \ 0 )

Ca c h 1 : Chia 2 ve phng trnh cho a 2 + b2 0 a b va sin = vi [ 0, 2] at cos = a 2 + b2 a 2 + b2 c Th ( *) sin u cos + cos u sin = a 2 + b2 c sin ( u + ) = a 2 + b2 Ca c h 2 : Ne u u = + k2 la nghie m cu a (*) th : a sin + b cos = c b = c u Ne u u + k2 a t t = tg th (*) tha n h : 2 2 2t 1t a +b =c 2 1+t 1 + t2 ( b + c ) t 2 2at + c b = 0 (1)( vi b + c 0 ) Phng trnh co nghie m ' = a 2 ( c + b ) ( c b ) 0
a 2 c 2 b 2 a 2 + b2 c 2

Gia i phng trnh (1) tm c t. T t = tg

u ta tm c u. 2

2 6 Ba i 87 : Tm x , tho a phng trnh : cos 7x 3 sin 7x = 2 ( *) 5 7 Chia hai ve cu a (*) cho 2 ta c : 1 3 2 ( *) cos 7x sin 7x = 2 2 2 2 sin cos 7x + cos sin 7x = 6 6 2 sin 7x = sin 6 4 3 7x = + k2 hay 7x = + h2 , ( k, h Z ) 6 4 6 4

5 k2 11 h2 + hay x = + , k,h 84 7 84 7 2 6 Do x , ne n ta pha i co : 5 7 2 5 k2 6 2 11 h2 6 < + < hay < + < ( k, h 5 84 7 7 5 84 7 7 2 5 k2 6 2 11 h2 6 < + < hay < + < ( k, h ) 5 84 7 7 5 84 7 7 Suy ra k = 2, h = 1, 2 5 4 53 11 2 35 Vay x = + = x = + = 84 7 84 84 7 84 11 4 59 x= + = 84 7 84 x=
Ba i 88 : Gia i phng trnh 3sin 3x 3 cos 9x = 1 + 4 sin3 3x ( *) Ta co : ( * ) 3sin 3x 4 sin 3 3x 3 cos 9x = 1

sin 9x 3 cos 9x = 1

1 3 1 sin 9x cos 9x = 2 2 2 1 sin 9x = = sin 3 2 6 5 9x = + k2 hay 9x = + k2, k 3 6 3 6 k2 7 k2 x= + hay x = + ,k 18 9 54 9

Ba i 89 : Gia i phng trnh

1 tgx sin 2x cos 2x + 2 2 cos x = 0 ( *) cos x ie u kie n : cos x 0 sin x 2 sin 2x cos 2x + 4 cos x =0 Lu c o : ( *) cos x cos x sin x sin 2x cos x cos x cos 2x + 4 cos2 x 2 = 0 sin x 1 2 cos2 x cos x cos 2x + 2 cos 2x = 0

sin x cos 2x cos x cos 2x + 2 cos 2x = 0 c os 2x = 0 hay sin x cos x + 2 = 0

cos 2x = 0 nhan do cos 2x = 2 cos2 x 1 = 0 th cos x 0 sin x + cos x = 2 vo nghiem v 12 + 12 < 22

 2x = ( 2k + 1) x=

k + ,k 4 2

,k 2

Ba i 90 : Giai phng trnh

8 sin x =

3 1 + ( *) cos x sin x

ie u kie n : sin 2x 0 Lu c o (*) 8sin2 x cos x = 3 sin x + cos x 4 (1 cos 2x ) cos x = 3 sin x + cos x

4 cos 2x cos x = 3 sin x 3 cos x 2 ( cos 3x + cos x ) = 3 sin x 3 cos x 3 1 sin x + cosx 2 2 cos 3x = cos x + 3 3x = x + + k2 3x = x + k2 3 3 k , k x = + k x = + 6 12 2 Nha n so v i ie u kie n sin 2x 0 Ca c h kha c : (*) 8sin2 x cos x = 3 sin x + cos x ( hie n nhie n cosx = 0 hay sinx = 0 kho n g la nghie m cu a pt na y ) 8(1 cos2 x) cos x = 3 sin x + cos x cos 3x =

8 cos x 8 cos3 x = 3 sin x + cos x

6 cos x 8 cos3 x = 3 sin x cos x

1 3 cos x sin x 2 2 cos 3x = cos x + 3 3x = x + + k2 3x = x + k2 3 3 k , k x = + k x = + 6 12 2

4 cos3 x 3 cos x =

Ba i 91 : Gia i phng trnh 9 sin x + 6 cos x 3sin 2x + cos 2x = 8 ( * )

Ta co : (*) 9 sin x + 6 cos x 6 sin x cos x + 1 2 sin 2 x = 8

 6 cos x 6 sin x cos x 2 sin2 x + 9 sin x 7 = 0 7 6 cos x (1 sin x ) 2 ( sin x 1) sin x = 0 2 7 1 sin x = 0 hay 6 cos x + 2 sin x = 0 2 sin x = 1 2 2 2 6 cos x + 2 sin x = 7 vo nghiem do 6 + 2 < 7 x = + k2 , k 2 Ba i 92 : Giai phng trnh: sin 2x + 2 cos 2x = 1 + sin x 4 cos x ( * )

Ta co : (*) 2 sin x cos x + 2 2 cos2 x 1 = 1 + sin x 4 cos x

2 sin x cos x sin x + 4 cos2 x + 4 cos x 3 = 0 1 1 3 2 sin x cos x + 4 cos x cos x + = 0 2 2 2 1 cos x = 0 hay 2 sin x + 4 cos x + 6 = 0 vo nghiem do 22 + 42 < 62 2

x=

+ k 2 3

Ba i 93 : Gia i phng trnh 2 sin 2x cos 2x = 7 sin x + 2 cos x 4 ( * ) Ta co : (*) 4 sin x cos x 1 2 sin 2 x = 7 sin x + 2 cos x 4
2 cos x ( 2 sin x 1) + 2 sin2 x 7 sin x + 3 = 0 1 2 cos x ( 2 sin x 1) + 2 sin x ( sin x 3) 2 2 cos x ( 2 sin x 1) + ( 2 sin x 1) ( sin x 3) = 0 2 sin x 1 = 0 hay 2 cos x + sin x 3 = 0 vo nghiem v 12 + 22 < 32

x=

5 + k2 x = + k2 , k 6 6

Ba i 94 : Gia i phng trnh sin 2x cos 2x = 3sin x + cos x 2 ( * ) Ta co (*) 2 sin x cos x 1 2 sin 2 x = 3sin x + cos x 2

cos x ( 2 sin x 1) + 2 sin2 x 3 sin x + 1 = 0 cos x ( 2 sin x 1) + ( sin x 1) ( 2 sin x 1) = 0 2 sin x 1 = 0 hay cos x + sin x 1 = 0

 2 cos x x = 1 4 5 x = + k2 x = + k2 hay x = + k2, k 6 6 4 4 5 x = + k2 x = + k2 hay x = + k2 x = k2, k 6 6 2 Ba i 95 : Giai phng trnh 2 sin 2x + 3 cos 2x 5 = cos 2x ( *) 6 sin x =

1 hay 2

at t = sin 2x + 3 cos 2x , iu kin a 2 + b 2 = 2 t 2 = a 2 + b 2

Ba i 96 : Giai phng trnh 2 cos3 x + cos2x + sin x = 0 ( *) Ta co (*) 2 cos3 x + 2 cos2 x 1 + sin x = 0 2 cos2 x ( cos x + 1) 1 + sin x = 0

1 3 cos 2x = 2 cos 2x Th t = 2 sin 2x + 2 2 6 Va y (*) tha n h: t 5 t 2 5 = 2t 2 t 10 = 0 t = ( loai ) t = 2 2 2 Do o ( * ) cos 2x = 1 6 7 2x = + k2 x = + k 6 12

2 (1 sin 2 x ) (1 + cos x ) (1 sin x ) = 0

1 sin x = 0 hay 2 (1 + sin x )(1 + cos x ) 1 = 0 1 sin x = 0 hay 1 + 2 sin x cos x + 2(sin x + cos x) = 0 1 sin x = 0 hay (sin x + cos x )2 + 2(sin x + cos x) = 0
sin x = 1 hay sin x + cos x = 0 hay sin x + cos x + 2 = 0 ( vo nghiem do: 12 + 12 < 2 2 )

sin x = 1 hay tgx = 1 x =

+ k2 hay x = + k2 , k 2 4

Ba i 97 : Gia i phng trnh 1 + cot g2x =

1 cos 2x ( *) sin 2 2x ie u kie n : sin 2x 0 cos 2x 1 Ta co (*) 1 cos 2x 1 1 + cot g2x = = 2 1 cos 2x 1 + cos 2x 1 cot g2x = 1 1 + cos 2x cos 2x cos 2x = sin 2x 1 + cos 2x

 cos 2x = 0 ( nhan do 1) 1 1 = sin 2x 1 + cos 2x cos 2x = 0 1 + cos 2x = sin 2x cos 2x = 0 sin 2x + cos 2x = 1 1 cos 2x = 0 sin 2x + = = sin 4 2 4 5 2x = + k 2x + = + k2 2x + = + k2 , k 2 4 4 4 4 k x= + x == + k 2x = + k2 ( loai ) , k 4 2 4 k , k x= + 4 2

Ba i 98 : Gia i phng trnh 4 ( sin 4 x + cos 4 x ) + 3 sin 4x = 2 ( *)

Ta co : (*) 2 4 ( sin 2 x + cos2 x ) 2 sin 2 x cos2 x + 3 sin 4x = 2 1 4 1 sin 2 2x + 3 sin 4x = 2 2

cos 4x + 3 sin 4x = 1 1 3 1 cos 4x + sin 4x = 2 2 2 2 cos 4x = cos 3 3 2 4x = + k2 3 3 4x = + k2 hay 4x = + k2 , k 3 x = + k hay x = + k , k 4 2 12 2 Ca c h kha c : (*) 2 (1 sin 2 2x ) + 3 sin 4x = 0

2 cos2 2x + 2 3 sin 2x cos 2x = 0 cos 2x = 0 cos 2x + 3 sin 2x = 0 cos 2x = 0 cot g2x = 3 2x = + k 2x = + k, k 2 6 k k x= + x= + , k 4 2 12 2

1 Ba i 99 : Giai phng trnh 1 + sin 3 2x + cos3 2x = sin 4x ( *) 2 1 Ta co (*) 1 + ( sin 2x + cos 2x )(1 sin 2x cos 2x ) = sin 4x 2 1 1 1 sin 4x + ( sin 2x + cos 2x ) 1 sin 4x = 0 2 2 1 1 sin 4x = 0 hay 1 + sin 2x + cos 2x = 0 2 sin 4x = 2 ( loai ) sin 2x + cos 2x = 1 2 sin( 2x + ) = 1 4 sin 2x + = sin( ) 4 4
2x + 4 = 4 + k2 ( k Z) 2x + = 5 + k2 4 4 x = + k x = + k, k 4 2
Ba i 100 : Gia i phng trnh tgx 3 cot gx = 4 sin x + 3 cos x ( *)

sin x 0 ie u kie n sin 2x 0 cos x 0 sin x cos x 3 = 4 sin x + 3 cos x Lu c o : (*) cos x sin x sin 2 x 3 cos2 x = 4 sin x cos x sin x + 3 cos x

sin x + 3 cos x sin x 3 cos x 2 sin 2x = 0 sin x = 3 cos x 1 3 2 sin x 2 cos x = sin 2x tgx = 3 = tg 3 sin x = sin 2x 3 x = + k x = 2x + k2 x = 2x + k2 , k Z 3 3 3

)(

 4 k2 + k x = k2 x = + , k 3 3 9 3 4 k2 x = + k x = + ( nhan do sin 2x 0 ) 3 9 3 x=

Ba i 101 : Gia i phng trnh

sin 3 x + cos3 x = sin x cos x ( * )

Ta co : (*) sin3 x sin x + cos3 x + cos x = 0 sin x ( sin 2 x 1) + cos3 x + cos x = 0 sin x cos2 x + cos3 x + cos x = 0 cos x = 0 hay sin x cos x + cos2 x + 1 = 0 cos x = 0 sin 2x + cos 2x = 3 ( vo nghiem do 1 + 1 < 9 ) x = ( 2k + 1) , k Z 2
Ba i 102 : Gia i phng trnh
1 cos4 x + sin 4 x + = ( *) 4 4
2

1 1 2 Ta co : (*) (1 + cos 2x ) + 1 cos 2x + 4 4 2

(1 + cos 2x ) + (1 + sin 2x ) = 1
2 2

1 4

cos 2x + sin 2x = 1 1 3 cos 2x = = cos 4 4 2 3 2x = + k2 4 4 x = + k x = + k, k Z 2 4

Ba i 103 : Gia i phng trnh 4 sin 3 x.cos3x + 4 cos3 x.sin 3x + 3 3 cos 4x = 3 ( *)

Ta co : (*)

4 sin 3 x ( 4 cos3 x 3 cos x ) + 4 cos3 x ( 3sin x 4 sin 3 x ) + 3 3 cos 4x = 3

12 sin3 x cos x + 12 sin x cos3 x + 3 3 cos 4x = 3 4 sin x cos x ( sin 2 x + cos2 x ) + 3 cos 4x = 1

2 sin 2x.cos 2x + 3 cos 4x = 1 sin 3 cos 4x = 1 sin 4x + cos 3

 sin 4x.cos

+ sin cos 4x = cos 3 3 3 sin 4x + = sin 3 6 5 4x + = + k2 4x + = + k2 , k 3 6 3 6 k k , k x= + x= + 24 2 8 2

2 sin 2 x sin x cos x cos2 x = m ( *)

Ba i 104 : Cho phng trnh :

a/ Tm m sao cho phng trnh co nghie m b/ Gia i phng trnh khi m = -1 1 1 Ta co : (*) (1 cos 2x ) sin 2x (1 + cos 2x ) = m 2 2 sin 2x + 3cos 2x = 2m + 1 a2 + b 2 c2 a/ (*) co nghie m 2 1 + 9 (1 2m ) 4m 2 4m 9 0
1 10 1 + 10 m 2 2 b/ Khi m = -1 ta c phng trnh sin 2x + 3 cos 2x = 3 (1)

Neu x = ( 2k + 1)
thoa.

th sin 2x = 0 va cos 2x = 1 nen phng trnh (1) khong 2

th cos x 0 ,at t = tgx 2 3 (1 t 2 ) 2t (1) tha n h + =3 1 + t2 1 + t2 2t + 3 (1 t 2 ) = 3 ( t 2 + 1) Neu x ( 2k + 1)

6t 2 2t = 0

t = 0t =3 Va y ( 1) tgx = 0 hay tgx = 3 = tg x = k hay x = + k, k

3 5 + 4 sin x 2 = 6tg * Ba i 105 : Cho phng trnh ( ) sin x 1 + tg2 a/ Giai phng trnh khi = 4 b/ Tm e phng trnh (*) co nghie m

 3 Ta co : sin x = sin x = cos x 2 2 6tg 6 sin = .cos2 = 3sin 2 vi cos 0 2 1 + tg cos 5 4 cos x = 3sin 2 ( ieu kien sin x 0 va cos 0 ) Va y : ( *) sin x 3sin 2 sin x + 4 cos x = 5 a/ Khi = ta c phng trnh 4 3sin x + 4 cos x = 5 (1) ( Hie n nhie n sin x = 0 kho n g la nghie m cu a (1))

3 4 sin x + cos x = 1 5 5 3 4 a t cos = va sin = vi 0 < < 2 5 5 Ta co pt (1) than h : sin ( + x ) = 1

+ k2 2 x = + + k 2 2 2 b/ (**) co nghie m ( 3sin 2 ) + 16 25 va cos 0 +x =

sin 2 2 1 va cos 0 sin 2 2 = 1 cos 2 = 0 = k ,k + 4 2

1.

BA I TA P Gia i ca c phng trnh sau : a/ 2 2 ( sin x + cos x ) cos x = 3 + cos 2x

b/ ( 2 cos x 1) ( sin x + cos x ) = 1 c/ 2 cos 2x = 6 ( cos x sin x ) d/ 3sin x = 3 3 cos x e/ 2 cos3x + 3 sin x + cos x = 0 f/ cos x + 3 sin x = sin 2x + cos x + sin x 3 g/ cos x + 3 sin x = cos x + 3 sin x + 1 h/ sin x + cos x = cos 2x k/ 4 sin 3 x 1 = 3sin x 3 cos3x 6 =6 i / 3 cos x + 4 sin x + 3 cos x + 4 sin x + 1

j/ cos 7x cos 5x 3 sin 2x = 1 sin 7x sin 5x m/ 4 ( cos 4 x + sin 4 x ) + 3 sin 4x = 2 p/ cos2 x 3 sin 2x = 1 + sin 2 x q/ 4 sin 2x 3 cos 2x = 3 ( 4 sin x 1) r/ tgx sin 2x cos 2x = 4 cos x +

2.

=1 2 cos x 1 Cho phng trnh cosx + msinx = 2 (1) a/ Gia i phng trnh m = 3 b/ Tm ca c gia tr m e (1) co nghie m
s/

( 2 3 ) cos x 2 sin x 2 4
2

2 cos x

(S : m 3 )

3.

Cho phng trnh : m sin x 2 m cos x 2 = (1) m 2 cos x m 2sin x a/ Gia i phng trnh (1) khi m = 1 b/ Khi m 0 va m 2 th (1) co bao nhie u nghie m tre n [ 20 ,30 ] ? Cho phng trnh 2 sin x + cos x + 1 = a (1) sin x 2 cos x + 3 1 a/ Gia i (1)khi a = 3 b/ Tm a e (1) co nghie m (S : 10 nghie m )

4.

Th.S Phm Hng Danh

TT Luyn thi i hc CLC Vnh Vin