CHNG VI: PHNG TRNH ANG CAP

a sin2 u + b sin u cos u + c cos2 u = d Ca c h gia i : Tm nghiem u = + k ( luc o cos u = 0 va sin u = 1) 2 Chia hai ve phng trnh cho cos2 u 0 ta c phng trnh :
atg 2u + btgu + c = d 1 + tg 2u

at t = tgu ta co phng trnh : ( a d ) t 2 + bt + c d = 0 Gia i phng trnh tm c t = tgu Ba i 127 : Gia i phng trnh cos2 x 3 sin 2x = 1 + sin2 x ( *) V cosx = 0 kho n g la nghie m ne n Chia hai ve cu a (*) cho cos2 0 ta c ( *) 1 2 3tgx = 1 + tg 2 x + tg 2 x

a t t = tgx ta co phng trnh : 2t2 + 2 3t = 0

t = 0 t = 3
Va y ( * ) tgx = 0 hay tgx = 3 x = k hay x = Ba i 128 : Gia i phng trnh

+ k, k 3

cos3 x 4 sin 3 x 3 cos x sin 2 x + sin x = 0 ( *)

+ k th cos x = 0 va sin x = 1 2 th (*) vo nghie m Do cos x = 0 kho n g la nghie m ne n chia hai ve cu a (*) cho cos 3x ta co (*) 1 4tg 3 x 3tg 2 x + tgx (1 + tg 2 x ) = 0

Khi x =

3tg 3 x + 3tg 2 x tgx 1 = 0 ( tgx + 1) 3tg 2 x 1 = 0 3 3 x = + k x = + k, k 4 6 tgx = 1 tgx =

Ba i 129 : Gia i phng trnh 3 cos4 x 4 sin 2 x cos2 x + sin 4 x = 0 ( * ) Do cosx = 0 kho n g la nghie m ne n chia hai ve cu a (*) cho cos4 x 0 Ta co : (*) 3 4tg 2 x + tg 4 x = 0

tg 2 x = 1 tg 2 x = 3 tgx = 1 = tg tgx = tg 4 3 x = + k x = + k, k 4 3
Ba i 130 : Gia i phng trnh sin 2x + 2tgx = 3 ( * ) Chia hai ve cu a (*) cho cos2 x 0 ta c 2 sin x cos x 2tgx 3 + = (*) 2 2 cos x cos x cos2 x 2tgx + 2tgx 1 + tg 2 x = 3 1 + tg 2 x

t = tgx 3 2 2t 3t + 4t 3 = 0 t = tgx 2 ( t 1) 2t t + 3 = 0 tgx = 1

x=

+ k, k 4

Ba i 131 : Gia i phng trnh sin x sin 2x + sin 3x = 6 cos3 x ( * )

( *) 2 sin2 x cos x + 3sin x 4 sin3 x = 6 cos3 x Khi cos x = 0 ( sin x = 1 ) th ( * ) vo nghiem

Chia hai ve phng trnh (*) cho cos3 x 0 ta c

( *)

2sin2 x 3sin x 1 sin3 x + . 4 =6 cos2 x cos x cos2 x cos3 x 2tg 2 x + 3tgx 1 + tg 2 x 4tg 3 x = 6

tg 3 x 2tg 2 x 3tgx + 6 = 0 ( tgx 2 ) tg 2 x 3 = 0 tgx = 2 = tg tgx = 3 x = + k x = + k, k 3 ( vi tg = 2)

Ba i 132 : (e thi tuye n sinh a i ho c kho i A, na m 2003) Gia i phng trnh cos 2x 1 cot gx 1 = + sin2 x sin 2x ( *) 1 + tgx 2 ie u kie n sin 2x 0 va tgx 1
2 2 cos 2x cos2 x sin2 x cos x cos x sin x = = Ta co : sin x 1 + tgx cos x + sin x 1+ cos x = cos x ( cos x sin x ) ( do tgx = 1 nen, sin x + cos x 0 )

Do o : ( *)

cos x 1 1 = cos2 x sin x cos x + sin2 x sin 2x sin x 2 cos x sin x = 1 sin 2x sin x

( cos x sin x ) = sin x ( cos x sin x )

cos x sin x = 0 hay 1 = sin x ( cos x sin x ) (**)

tgx = 1 ( nhan so vi tgx 1) 1 sin x = tg 2 x ( do cos x 0 ) 2 cos x cos x x = 4 + k, k 2 2tg x tgx + 1 = 0 ( vo nghiem )
+ k, k ( nhan do sin 2x 0) 4 Lu y : co the la m ca c h khac 1 1 ( * *) 1 sin 2x + (1 cos 2x ) =0 2 2 3 = sin 2x + cos 2x x=

3 = 2 sin 2x + : vo nghiem 4
Ba i 133 : Gia i phng trnh sin 3x + cos 3x + 2 cos x = 0 ( * )

( *) ( 3sin x 4 sin3 x ) + ( 4 cos3 x 3 cos x ) + 2 cos x = 0

3sin x 4 sin3 x + 4 cos3 x cos x = 0 V cosx = 0 kho n g la nghie m ne n chia hai ve phng trnh cho cos3 x 0 ta c ( *) 3tgx (1 + tg 2 x ) 4tg 3 x + 4 (1 + tg 2 x ) = 0

 tg 3 x tg 2 x + 3tgx + 3 = 0 t = tgx 3 2 t + t 3t 3 = 0 t = tgx 2 ( t + 1) t 3 = 0

tgx = 1 tgx = 3 x = + k x = + k, k 4 3

Ba i 134 : Gia i phng trnh 6sin x 2 cos3 x =

5sin 4x.cos x ( *) 2 cos 2x

ie u kie n : cos 2x 0 cos2 x sin2 x 0 tgx 1

10 sin 2x cos 2x cos x 3 6 sin x 2 cos x = Ta co : (*) 2 cos 2x cos 2x 0 6 sin x 2 cos3 x = 5 sin 2x cos x tgx 1
6 sin x 2 cos3 x = 10 sin x cos2 x ( * *) tgx 1 Do cosx = 0 kho n g la nghie m cu a (**), chia hai ve phng trnh (**) cho cos3 x ta c 6tgx 2 = 10tgx ( * *) cos2 x tgx 1
t = tgx vi t 1 2 6t 1 + t 2 = 10t t = tgx vi t 1 t = tgx vi t 1 3 2 3t 2t 1 = 0 (t 1) (3t + 3t + 1) = 0 t = tgx vi t 1 : vo nghiem t = 1

Ba i 135 : Gia i phng trnh sin x 4 sin 3 x + cos x = 0 ( * )

V cosx = 0 kho ng la nghie m ne n chia hai ve phng trnh cho cos 3 x th ( *) tgx (1 + tg 2 x ) 4tg 3 x + 1 + tg 2 x = 0

t = tgx 3 2 3t + t + t + 1 = 0 t = tgx 2 ( t 1) 3t + 2t + 1 = 0 tgx = 1

x=

+ k, k 4

Ba i 136 : Gia i phng trnh tgx sin 2 x 2 sin 2 x = 3 ( cos 2x + sin x cos x )( * ) Chia hai ve cu a phng trnh (*) cho cos 2 x 3 cos2 x sin 2 x + sin x cos x 3 2 ( *) tg x 2tg x = cos2 x tg 3 x 2tg 2 x = 3 1 tg 2 x + tgx

tg x + tg x 3tgx 3 = 0 t = tgx 3 2 t + t 3t 3 = 0 t = tgx 2 ( t + 1) t 3 = 0

tgx = 1 tgx = 3 x= + k x = + k, k 4 3

Ba i 137 : Cho phng trnh ( 4 6m ) sin 3 x + 3 ( 2m 1) sin x + 2 ( m 2 ) sin 2 x cos x ( 4m 3) cos x = 0 ( *) a/ Gia i phng trnh khi m = 2
b/ Tm m e phng trnh (*) co duy nha t mo t nghie m tre n 0, 4 Khi x = + k th cosx = 0 va sin x = 1 ne n 2 (*) than h : ( 4 6m ) 3 ( 2m 1) = 0

1 = 0 vo nghiem

( *) ( 4 6m ) tg 3 x + 3 ( 2m 1) tgx (1 + tg 2 x ) + 2 ( m 2 ) tg 2 x ( 4m 3) (1 + tg 2 x ) = 0
t = tgx 3 2 t ( 2m + 1) t + 3 ( 2m 1) t 4m + 3 = 0 ( * *)

chia hai ve (*) cho cos3 x 0 th

t = tgx 2 ( t 1) t 2mt + 4m 3 = 0

t = tgx a/ Khi m = 2 th (*) tha nh 2 ( t 1) t 4t + 5 = 0 tgx = 1 x = + k, k 4

b/ Ta co : x 0, th tgx = t [ 0,1] 4 Xe t phng trnh : t 2 2mt + 4m 3 = 0 ( 2 )

t 2 3 = 2m ( t 2 )

t2 3 = 2m (do t = 2 khon g la nghie m ) t2 t2 3 at y = f ( t ) = ( C ) va (d) y = 2m t2 t 2 4t + 3 Ta co : y ' = f ( t ) = 2 ( t 2)

Do (**) luo n co nghie m t = 1 [ 0,1] tre n ye u ca u ba i toa n ( d ) y = 2m khong co iem chung vi ( C ) ( d ) cat ( C ) tai 1 iem duy nhat t = 1 3 2m < 2m 2 2 3 m< m1 4 Ca c h kha c : Y C B T f(t) = t 2 2mt + 4m 3 = 0 ( 2 ) vo nghie m tre n [ 0,1 ) .
0 af (0 ) 0 Ta co (2) co nghie m [ 0,1] f (0). f (1) 0 hay af (1) 0 0 S 1 2

m2 4 m + 3 0 3 4 m 3 > 0 ( 4 m 3) (2m 2) 0 hay m 1 4 2m 2 > 0 0 m 1

Do o (2) vo nghie m tre n [ 0,1 ) m <

3 hay m >1 hay f (1) = 0 4

m<

3 m1 4

BAI TAP
1. Gia i ca c phng trnh sau : a/ cos3 x + sin x 3sin2 x cos x = 0 b/ sin 2 x ( tgx + 1) = 3sin x ( cos x sin x ) + 3 c/ 2 cos2 x + cos 2x + sin x = 0 1 cos3 x d/ tg 2 x = 1 sin3 x e/ sin3 x 5sin2 x cos x 3sin x cos2 x + 3cos3 x = 0 f/ cos3 x + sin x 3sin2 x cos x = 0 g/ 1 + tgx = 2 2 sin x h/ sin3 x + cos3 x = sin x cos x k/ 3tg 2 x + 4tgx + 4 cot gx + 3cot g 2 x + 2 = 0 3(1 + sin x) x 8 cos 2 ( ) = 0 m/ 3tg 2 x tgx + 2 n/

sin x + cos x =1 sin 2x

cos x

2. Cho phng trnh : sin 2 x + 2 ( m 1) sin x cos x ( m + 1) cos2 x = m a/ Tm m e phng trnh co nghie m b/ Gia i phng trnh khi m = -2 ( S : m [ 2,1]) Th.S Phm Hng Danh TT luyn thi i hc CLC Vnh Vin