CHNG VII

PHNG TRNH L N G GIA C CH A CA N VA PHNG TRNH L N G GIA C CH A GIA TR TUYET OI

A) PHNG TRNH L N G GIA C CH A CA N Ca c h gia i : A p du n g ca c co n g th c A 0 A = B A = B

B 0 A =B 2 A = B Ghi chu : Do theo phng trnh chnh ly a bo pha n ba t phng trnh l n g gia c ne n ta x ly ie u kie n B 0 ba n g phng pha p th la i va chu n g to i bo ca c ba i toa n qua ph c ta p .

B 0 A = B

Ba i 138 : Gia i phng trnh

5 cos x cos 2x + 2 sin x = 0 ( *)

( *)

5 cos x cos 2x = 2 sin x

sin x 0 2 5 cos x cos 2x = 4 sin x sin x 0 2 2 5 cos x 2 cos x 1 = 4 1 cos x sin x 0 2 2 cos x + 5 cos x 3 = 0 sin x 0 1 cos x = 2 cos x = 3 ( loai ) sin x 0 x = 3 + k2, k x = + k2, k 3

Ba i 139 : Gia i phng trnh sin3 x + cos3 x + sin3 x cot gx + cos3 xtgx = 2 sin 2x

ie u kie n : cos x 0 sin x 0 sin 2x 0

sin 2x 0 sin 2x > 0 sin 2x 0

Lu c o : ( *) sin3 x + cos3 x + sin2 x cos x + cos2 x sin x = 2 sin 2x

sin2 x ( sin x + cos x ) + cos2 x ( cos x + sin x ) = 2sin 2x

( sin x + cos x ) sin 2 x + cos2 x = 2 sin 2x

sin x + cos x 0 2 ( sin x + cos x ) = 2 sin 2x

2 sin x + 0 sin x + 0 4 4 1 + sin 2x = 2 sin 2x sin 2x = 1 ( nhan do sin 2x > 0 ) sin x + 4 0 sin x + 4 0 x = + k, k x = + m2 x = 5 + m2 ( loai ) , m 4 4 4 x = + m2, m 4

Ba i 140 : Gia i phng trnh

1 + 8 sin 2x. cos2 2x = 2 sin 3x + ( *) 4

sin 3x + 4 0 Ta co : (*) 1 + 8 sin 2x cos2 2x = 4 sin2 3x + 4 sin 3x + 4 0 1 + 4 sin 2x (1 + cos 4x ) = 2 1 cos( 6x + ) 2 sin 3x + 0 4 1 + 4 sin 2x + 2 ( sin 6x sin 2x ) = 2 (1 + sin 6x )
sin 3x + 4 0 sin 3x + 4 0 sin 2x = 1 x = + k x = 5 + k, k 2 12 12

 So la i v i ie u kie n sin 3x + 0 4 Khi x = + k th 12 sin 3x + = sin + 3k = cos k 4 2 1 , ( neu k chan ) ( nhan ) = 1 , ( neu k le ) ( loai ) 5 Khi x = + k th 12 3 sin 3x + = sin + 3k = sin + k 4 2 2

1 , neu k chan ( loai ) = 1 , neu k le ( nhan ) 5 + m2 x = + ( 2m + 1) , m Do o ( *) x = 12 12

1 sin 2x + 1 + sin 2x = 4 cos x ( * ) sin x

Ba i 141 : Gia i phng trnh

Lu c o : ( *) 1 sin 2x + 1 + sin 2x = 2 sin 2x ( hie n nhie n sinx = 0 kho n g la nghie m , v sinx =0 th VT = 2, VP = 0 ) 2 + 2 1 sin2 2x = 4 sin2 2x sin 2x 0 1 sin2 2x = 2 sin2 2x 1 sin 2x 0

1 sin 2 2x = 4 sin4 2x 4 sin2 2x + 1 1 2 sin 2x 2 sin 2x 0 sin 2 2x 4 sin 2 2x 3 = 0 1 sin 2x 2 3 3 sin 2x = sin 2x = 2 2 sin 2x 2 2 3 sin 2x = 2

 2 + k2 2x = + k2, k 3 3 x = + k x = + k, k 6 3 Chu y : Co the a ve phng trnh ch a gia tr tuye t o i sin x 0 ( *) cos x sin x + cos x + sin x = 2 sin 2x cos x sin x + cos x + sin x = 2 sin 2x 2x =
Ba i 142 : Gia i phng trnh sin x + 3 cos x + sin x + 3 cos x = 2 ( * )
3 cos x at t = sin x + 3 cos x = sin x + cos 3 1 t= sin x + = 2 sin x + 3 3 cos 3 ( *) thanh t + t = 2 sin

t = 2t

Do o ( * )

2 t 0 t 2 2 2 t = 4 4t + t t 5t + 4 = 0 t 2 t =1 t = 1 t = 4

1 5 sin x + = x + = + k2 hay x + = + k2, k 3 2 3 6 3 6 x = + k2 x = + k2, k 6 2

Ba i 143 : Gia i phng trnh 3 tgx + 1 ( sin x + 2 cos x ) = 5 ( sin x + 3 cos x ) ( *) Chia hai ve cu a (*) cho cos x 0 ta c ( *) 3 tgx + 1 ( tgx + 2) = 5 ( tgx + 3) at u =
tgx + 1 vi u 0

Th u 2 1 = tgx

(*) than h 3u u 2 + 1 = 5 u 2 + 2

3u 3 5u 2 + 3u 10 = 0 ( u 2 ) ( 3u 2 + u + 5 ) = 0
u = 2 3u 2 + u + 5 = 0 ( vo nghiem )

Do o

( *)

tgx + 1 = 2

tgx + 1 = 4
tgx = 3 = tg vi < < x = + k , k 2 2

Ba i 144 : Gia i phng trnh

1 cos x + cos x cos 2x =

( *) (

1 cos x + cos x cos 2x = sin 2x cos 2x

1 sin 4x ( *) 2

cos x 0 hay cos 2x = 0

cos x 0 2x = 2 + k, k

1 cos x + cos x = sin 2x

cos x 0 hay sin 2x 0 2 1 + 2 ( 1 cos x)cosx = sin 2x cos x 0 cos x 0 hay sin 2x 0 x = 4 + k 2 , k 2 1 + 2 ( 1 cos x)cosx = sin 2x ( VT 1 VP ) cos x 0 cos x 0 sin 2x 0 hay 2 5 x = 4 + h hay x = 4 + h, h sin 2x = 1 (1 cos x ) cos x = 0 x = + h, h 4 sin 2x = 1 sin 2x = 1 hay hay cos x = 0 ( sin 2x = 0 ) cos x = 1 ( sin x = 0 sin 2x = 0 ) x = + h, h 4

Ba i 145 : Gia i phng trnh sin3 x (1 + cot gx ) + cos3 x (1 + tgx ) = 2 sin x cos x ( *)

( *) sin3 x

( sin x + cos x ) sin 2 x + cos2 x = 2 sin x cos x

sin x + cos x cos x + sin x 3 + cos x = 2 sin x cos x sin x cos x

sin x + cos x 0 1 + sin 2x = 2 sin 2x

sin x + 4 0 sin x + cos x 0 sin 2x = 1 x = + k, k 4

 sin x + 4 0 x + = + k, k 4 2 sin x + 4 0 x + = + h2 hay x + = 3 + h2, h 4 2 4 2 x = + h2, h 4

Ba i 146 : Gia i phng trnh

cos 2x + 1 + sin 2x = 2 sin x + cos x ( *)

ie u kie n cos 2x 0 va sin x + 0 4

Lu c o : ( *)

cos2 x sin 2 x +
2

( cos x + sin x )

= 2 cos x + sin x
2

cos2 x sin 2 x + ( cos x + sin x ) + 2 cos 2x

cos x ( cos x + sin x ) + ( sin x + cos x ) cos 2x

( cos x + sin x ) = 4 ( sin x + cos x ) = 2 ( sin x + cos x )

sin x + cos x = 0 cos x + cos 2x = 2 tgx = 1 cos 2x = 2 cos x ( * *) tgx = 1 2 cos 2x = 4 4 cos x + cos x tgx = 1 cos2 x + 4 cos x 5 = 0 tgx = 1 cos x = 1 cos x = 5 ( loai )

+ k x = k2, k 4 Th la i : x = + k th cos 2x = cos = 0 ( nhan ) 4 2 Va sin x + = sin k = 0 ( nhan ) 4 x = k2 th cos 2x = 1 ( nhan ) x=

va cos x + = cos > 0 ( nhan ) 4 4 Do o (*) x = + k x = k2, k 4 Chu y : Ta i (**) co the du n g phng trnh l n g gia c kho n g m c

( * *)

cos x = 1 x = 2k, k sin x + cos x 0 Ca c h kha c

cos x = 1 cos 2x = 2 cos2 x 1 = 1 sin x + cos x 0

cos x + cos 2x = 2 sin x + cos x 0

( *)

cos2 x sin 2 x +

( cos x + sin x )

= 2 cos x + sin x
2

(cos x + sin x).(cos x sin x ) +

( cos x + sin x )

= 2 cos x + sin x

cos x + sin x > 0 cos x + sin x = 0 hay cos x sin x + cos x + sin x > 0 tgx = 1 hay 2 cos x + 2 cos 2x = 4

( cos x + sin x ) = 2

cos x + sin x > 0 tgx = 1 hay cos x + cos 2x = 2 cos x = 1 x = + k, k hay 4 cos 2x = 1 x = + k hay x = 2k, k 4 ( nha n xe t : khi cosx =1 th sinx = 0 va sinx + cosx = 1 > 0 )

1. Gia i phng trnh : a/ 1 + sin x + cos x = 0 4x cos2 x cos 3 =0 b/ 1 tg 2 x d/

BAI TAP

c/ sin x + 3 cos x = 2 + cos 2x + 3 sin 2x

sin 2 x 2 sin x + 2 = 2 sin x 1 3tgx e/ 2 3 sin x = 3 2 sin x 1

sin2 2x + cos4 2x 1 =0 f/ sin cos x g/ 8 cos 4x cos2 2x + 1 cos 3x + 1 = 0

h/

sin x + sin x + sin2 x + cos x = 1

k/ 5 3sin 2 x 4 cos x = 1 2 cos x l/ cos 2x = cos2 x 1 + tgx 2. Cho phng trnh : 1 + sin x + 1 sin x = m cos x (1) a/ Gia i phng trnh khi m = 2 b/ Gia i va bie n lua n theo m phng trnh (1) 3. Cho f(x) = 3cos 6 2x + sin 42x + cos4x m a/ Gia i phng trnh f(x) = 0 khi m = 0 b/ Cho g ( x ) = 2 cos2 2x 3 cos2 2x + 1 . Tm ta t ca ca c gia tr m e phng trnh f(x) = g(x) co nghie m . ( S : 1 m 0 ) 4. Tm m e phng trnh sau co nghie m 1 + 2 cos x + 1 + 2sin x = m

(S :

1+ 3 m 2 1+ 2

B) PHNG TRNH L N G GIA C CH A CA C TR TUYE T O I Ca ch gia i : 1/ M gia tr tuye t o i ba n g nh ngha 2/ A p du n g A = B A = B

B 0 B 0 A 0 A < 0 A =B 2 2 A = B A = B A = B A = B
Ba i 147 : Gia i phng trnh cos 3x = 1 3 sin 3x ( *)

( *)

1 3 sin 3x 0

1 sin 3x 3 4 sin 2 3x 2 3 sin 3x = 0

2 2 cos 3x = 1 2 3 sin 3x + 3sin 3x 1 sin 3x 3 1 sin 2 3x = 1 2 3 sin 3x + 3 sin 2 3x

1 sin 3x 3 sin 3x = 0 sin 3x = 3 2 sin 3x = 0

x=

k ,k 3

Ba i 148 : Gia i phng trnh 3sin x + 2 cos x 2 = 0 ( * )

( *) 2 cos x

= 2 3sin x

2 3sin x 0 2 2 4 cos x = 4 12 sin x + 9 sin x 2 sin x 3 4 1 sin 2 x = 4 12 sin x + 9 sin 2 x

2 sin x 3 13 sin2 x 12 sin x = 0 2 sin x 3 sin x = 0 sin x = 12 13 sin x = 0 x = k, k

Ba i 149 : Gia i phng trnh sin x cos x + sin x + cos x = 1 ( * )

at t = sin x + cos x = 2 sin x + 4

V i ie u kie n : 0 t 2 Th t 2 = 1 + 2sin x cos x t2 1 +t =1 Do o (*) tha n h : 2 t 2 + 2t 3 = 0

t = 1 t = 3 ( loai )
Va y ( * ) 12 = 1 + 2sin x cos x sin 2x = 0

k ,k 2 Ba i 150 : Gia i phng trnh x=

at t = sin x cos x ieu kien 0 t 2 Th t = 1 sin 2x ( *) thanh : t + 2 1 t 2 = 1

2

sin x cos x + 2 sin 2x = 1 ( * )

2t 2 t 1 = 0 1 t = 1 t = ( loai do ieu kien ) 2 2 khi t = 1 th 1 = 1 sin 2x

 sin 2x = 0 k x= ,k 2 Ba i 151 : Gia i phung trnh sin 4 x cos4 x = sin x + cos x ( * )

( *) ( sin2 x + cos2 x )( sin2 x cos2 x ) =

cos 2x = sin x + cos x

sin x + cos x

cos 2x 0 2 cos 2x = 1 cos 2x = 1 x = + k, k 2

cos 2x 0 2 cos 2x = 1 + 2 sin x cos x cos 2x 0 2 1 sin 2x = 1 + sin 2x cos 2x 0 2 sin 2x = sin 2x cos 2x 0 sin 2x = 0

Ba i 152 : Gia i phng trnh

3 sin 2x 2 cos2 x = 2 2 + 2 cos 2x ( *)

Ta co : ( * ) 2 3 sin x cos x 2 cos2 x = 2 2 + 2 2 cos2 x 1

3 1 cos x sin x cos x = cos x 2 2 cos x.sin x = cos x 6 cos x > 0 cos x < 0 cos x = 0 sin x 6 = 1 sin x 6 = 1 cos x > 0 cos x < 0 cos x = 0 x 6 = 2 + k2, k x 6 = 2 + k2, k cos x > 0 cos x < 0 x = + k, k 2 2 x = 3 + k2, k x = 3 + k2, k x = + k, k 2

Ba i 153 : Tm ca c nghie m tre n ( 0, 2 ) cu a phng trnh :

sin 3x sin x = sin 2x + cos 2x ( *) 1 cos 2x 2 cos 2x sin x Ta co : ( * ) = 2 cos 2x 4 2 sin x

ie u kie n : sin x 0 x k Khi x ( 0, ) th sin x > 0 nen :

2 cos 2x = 2 cos 2x 4 2x = 2x + k2, k 4 4x = + k2, k 4 k x= + ,k 16 2 9 Do x ( 0, ) nen x = hay x = 16 16 Khi x ( , 2 ) th sinx < 0 ne n :

( *)

cos ( 2x ) = cos 2x 4 2x = ( 2x ) + k2, k 4 5 4x = + k2, k 4 5 k x= + ,k 16 2 21 29 x= Do x ( , 2 ) nen x = 16 16

( *) cos 2x = cos 2x

Ba i 154

Cho phng trnh : sin 6 x + cos6 x = a sin 2x (*) Tm a sao cho phng trnh co nghie m .

Ta co :

sin6 x + cos6 x = ( sin2 x + cos2 x )( sin4 x sin2 x cos2 x + cos4 x )

= ( sin2 x + cos2 x ) 3 sin2 x cos2 x

2

3 sin 2 2x 4 at t = sin 2x ie u kie n 0 t 1

=1

3 2 t = at ( * *) 4 1 3 t = a (do t = 0 th (**) vo nghie m ) t 4 1 3 Xe t y = t tren D = ( 0,1] t 4 1 3 th y ' = 2 < 0 t 4

th (*) tha n h : 1

Do o : (*) co nghie m a Ba i 155 Cho phng trnh

1 4

cos 2x = m cos2 x 1 + tgx

( *)

Tm m e phng trnh co nghie m tre n 0, 3

a t t = tgx th Va y : (*) tha n h: 1 t 2 = m 1 + t ( * *) (chia 2 ve cho cos2 0 )

th t 0, 3 3 (1 t )(1 + t ) = 1 t 1 + t 1 t2 = Va y (**) m = ( ) 1+ t 1+ t Xe t y = (1 t ) 1 + t tren 0, 3

Khi 0 x Ta co
y' = 1+ t +

(1 t )

2 1+ t 2 1+t 3t 1 y' = < 0 t 0, 3 2 1+t

2 (1 + t ) + (1 t )

 Do o : (*) co nghie m tre n 0, 1 3 3

1+ 3 m 1

BAI TAP
1. Gia i ca c phng trnh a/ sin x cox = 1 4 sin 2x

b/ 4 sin x + 3 cos x = 3 c/ tgx = cot gx + 1 cos x

1 + 3 cos2 x 1 1 1 d/ + 2 = 2 2 sin x 1 cos x 1 + cos x sin x 1 e/ cot gx = tgx + sin x f/ 2 cos x sin x = 1
g/ h/ m/ 1 + cos x + 1 cos x = 4 sin x cos x 1 cos 2x 1 = 2 cos x sin x 2 cos 2x + 1 + sin 2x = sin 3 x + cos3 x 2

n/ cos x + sin 3x = 0 1 sin x s/ cos x + 2 sin 2x cos 3x = 1 + 2 sin x cos 2x r/ cot gx = tgx + tg 2 x 1 = tgx + 1 + o/ tgx 1 tgx 1 p/ sin x cos x + sin x + cos x = 2
2. sin x + cos x + a sin 2x = 1 Tm tham so a dng sao cho phng trnh co nghie m 3. Cho phng trnh: sin x cos x + 4 sin 2x = m a/ Gia i phng trnh khi m = 0 b/ Tm m e phng trnh co nghie m (S

24m

65 ) 16

Th.S Phm Hng Danh (TT luyn thi H Vnh Vin)