CHNG IX: HE PHNG TRNH L N G GIA C

I. GIAI HE BANG PHEP THE

Ba i 173:

2 cos x 1 = 0 (1)

Gia i he phng trnh:

3
( 2)
sin 2x =
2

Ta co : (1) cos x =
x=

1
2

+ k2 ( k Z )
3

+ k 2 thay va o (2), ta c
3
3
2

sin 2x = sin
+ k4 =
2
3

V i
x = + k2 thay va o (2), ta c
3
3
3
2

sin 2x = sin
+ k4 =

(loa i )
2
2
3

Do o nghie m ca he la : x = + k 2, k
3

V i

Ba i 174:

Ca c h 1:

x=

sin x + sin y = 1

Gia i he phng trnh:

x + y = 3

x+y
xy

2 sin 2 .cos 2 = 1
He a cho
x + y =

xy
xy

2.sin 6 .cos 2 = 1
cos 2 = 1

x + y =
x + y =
3
3

x y
x

y
=
4
k

x
=
+ k 2
=
k
2

(k Z )

x
+
y
=
x + y =

y = k 2
3

3
6
Ca c h 2:
He a cho

y = 3 x
y = 3 x

sin x + sin x = 1 3 cos x + 1 sin x = 1

2
2

y = 3 x
y = 3 x

sin + x = 1
+ x = + k 2
3
3
2

x = 6 + k 2
k

y = k 2

Ba i 175: Gia i he phng trnh:

Ca c h 1:

sin x + sin y = 2 (1)

cos x + cos y = 2 (2)

x+y
xy

2 sin 2 cos 2 = 2 (1)

He a cho
2 cos x + y cos x y = 2 (2)

2
2
La y (1) chia cho (2) ta c :
xy
x+ y
= 0 kho n g la nghie m cu a (1) va (2) )
tg
= 1 ( do cos
2
2
x+ y

= + k
2
4

x + y = + k 2 y = x + k 2
2
2

thay va o (1) ta c : sin x + sin x + k2 = 2

2

sin x + cos x = 2

2 cos x = 2
4

x = h 2, h
4

x = 4 + h2, h
Do o : he a cho
y = + ( k h ) 2, k , h

4
A = B
A + C = B + D
Ca c h 2: Ta co

C = D
A C = B D
He a cho
( sin x cos x ) + ( sin y cos y ) = 0

( sin x + cos x ) + ( sin y cos y ) = 2 2

2 sin x 4 + 2 sin y 4 = 0

2 sin x + + 2 sin y + = 2 2

4
4

sin x 4 + sin y 4 = 0

sin x 4 + sin y 4 = 0

sin x + = 1
4
sin x + + sin y + = 2

4
4

sin y + = 1
4

x + = + k 2
4 2

y + = + h 2
4 2

sin x 4 + sin y 4 = 0

x = 4 + k2

y = + h2, h, k Z

4
Ba i 176:

tgx tgy tgxtgy = 1

Gia i he phng trnh:
cos 2y + 3 cos 2x = 1

(1)
(2)

Ta co : tgx tgy = 1 + tgxtgy

1 + tgxtgy = 0
tg ( x y ) = 1

tgx tgy = 0
1 + tgxtgy 0
2
1 + tg x = 0 (VN)

v i x, y + k
x y = + k ( k Z ) ,
4
2

v i x, y + k
x = y + + k,
4
2

Thay va o (2) ta c : cos 2y + 3 cos 2y + + k2 = 1

2

cos 2 y 3 s in2 y = 1

3
1
1
1

s in2 y cos 2 y = sin 2 y =

2
2
2
6 2

5
2 y = + h 2 hay 2 y =
+ h 2 ( h Z )
6 6
6
6

y = + h, h hay y = + h, h ( loai)
6
2
Do o :
5

=
+ ( k + h)
x

He a cho
( h, k Z )

y = + h

Ba i 177:

cos3 x cos x + sin y = 0 (1)

Gia i he phng trnh 3
sin x sin y + cos x = 0 (2)

Lay (1) + (2) ta c : sin 3 x + cos3 x = 0

sin 3 x = cos3 x
tg 3 x = 1
tgx = 1

x = + k (k Z)
4
Thay va o (1) ta c :
sin y = cos x cos3 x = cos x (1 cos2 x )
1
sin 2x sin x
2
1

= sin sin + k
2

2
4
1

= sin + k
2
4

= cos x. sin 2 x =

 2
(neu k chan)

4
=
2 (neu k le)
4

at sin =

2
4

(v i 0 < < 2 )

x = 4 + 2m, m
x = 4 + ( 2m + 1) , m

Va y nghie m he

y
h2
,
h

y = + 2h, h
=

y = + h2, h y = + + h2, h

II. GIAI HE BANG PHNG PHAP CONG

Ba i 178:

sin x.cos y =
2
Gia i he phng trnh:
tgx.cotgy = 1

ie u kie n :

(1 )
( 2)

cos x.sin y 0

Ca c h 1: He a cho

1
1
2 sin ( x + y ) + sin ( x y ) = 2
sin x.cos y

1 = 0
cos x.sin y
sin ( x + y ) + sin ( x y ) = 1

sin x cos y sin y cos x = 0

sin ( x + y ) + sin ( x y ) = 1

sin ( x y ) = 0
sin ( x + y ) = 1

sin ( x y ) = 0

x + y = + k2, k
2

x y = h, h

x = 4 + ( 2k + h ) 2 , k, h

y = + ( 2k h ) , k, h

4
2
(nhan do sin y cos x 0)

Ca c h 2:

( 2)

sin x cos y
= 1 sin x cos y = cos x sin y
cos x sin y

The (1) vao ( 2 ) ta c:

sin x cos y = 2

cos x sin y = 1

2
sin ( x + y ) = 1

sin ( x y ) = 0

( 3)
( 4)
( 3) + ( 4 )
( 3) ( 4 )

x + y = + k 2, k

2
x y = h, h

x = 4 + ( 2k + h ) 2

( h, k Z )
y = + ( 2k h )

4
2

III. GIA I HE BAN G A N PHU

Ba i 179:

at

Gia i he phng trnh:

2 3
tgx + tgy =

cotgx + cotgy = 2 3

(1)
( 2)

X = tgx, Y = tgy

2 3
2 3
X + Y =
X + Y =

3
3
He a cho tha n h:

1 + 1 = 2 3
Y + X = 2 3
X Y
YX
3
3

2 3

2 3
X + Y =
X + Y =

3
XY = 1
X 2 2 3 X 1 = 0

X = 3

X =

3
3
Y
=

Y = 3
3

Do o :

tgx = 3

tgx =
He a cho :
3
3
tgy =
tgy = 3
3

x = 3 + k , k
x = 6 + k , k

y = + h, h y = + h, h

6
3

Ba i 180:

sin x + sin y =
Cho he phng trnh:
2
cos 2x + cos 2y = m
1
a/ Gia i he phng trnh khi m =
2
b/ Tm m e he co nghie m .

He a cho

sin x + sin y = 2

(1 2 sin 2 x ) + (1 2 sin2 y ) = m

sin x + sin y = 2

sin2 x + sin 2 y = 2 m

2
1

sin x + sin y = 2

( sin x + sin y )2 2 sin x sin y = 1 m

2
1

sin x + sin y = 2

1 2 sin x sin y = 1 m
4
2
1

sin x + sin y = 2

sin x sin y = 3 + m

8 4
at X = sin x, Y = sin y vi X , Y 1
th X, Y la nghie m cu a he phng trnh
1
m 3
t2 t +
= 0 ( *)
2
4 8
1
a/ Khi m = th ( *) thanh :
2

1
1
t =0
2
2
2
2t t 1 = 0

t2

t =1 t =

1
2

1
sin x = 1

sin x =
Va y he a cho
2
1
sin
y
=

2 sin y = 1

h
x = 2 + k 2, k
x = (1) 6 + h, h

y = (1) h + h, h y = + k 2, k
6

2
m
1
3
b/ Ta co : ( *)
= t 2 + t +
4
2
8
1
3
Xe t y = t 2 + t + ( C ) tren D = [ 1,1]
2
8
1
th:
y ' = 2t +
2
1
y' = 0 t =
4

He a cho co nghie m ( *) co 2 nghiem tren [ -1,1]

(d ) y =

m
ca t (C) ta i 2 ie m hoc tip xc tren [ -1,1]
4

1 m
7

8 4 16
1
7
m
2
4
Ca c h kha c
ycbt f (t ) = 8t 2 4t 3 + 2m = 0 co 2 nghie m t 1 , t 2 tho a
1 t1 t2 1

 / = 28 16m 0

af (1) = 1 + 2m 0
1
7
af (1) = 9 + 2m 0 m
2
4

S
1
1 = 1

2 4

Ba i 181:

Cho he phng trnh:

a/
b/

2
sin x + mtgy = m
2
tg y + m sin x = m

Gia i he khi m = -4
V i gia tr na o cu a m th he co nghie m .

at

X = sin x v i X 1
Y = tgy

2
(1 )
X + mY = m
He tha nh:
2
( 2)
Y + mX = m
Lay (1) (2) ta c : X 2 Y 2 + m ( Y X ) = 0

( X Y )( X + Y m ) = 0
X = YY =mX
X = Y
Y = m X
He tha nh
hay 2
2
X + mX = m
X + m ( m X ) = m
X = Y
Y = m X
2
2
2
X + mX m = 0 ( * ) X mX + m m = 0

a/Khi m = -4 ta c he
Y = 4 X
X = Y
2
2
X 4X + 4 = 0 X + 4X + 20 = 0 ( vo nghiem )

X = 2 ( loai do X 1)

Y = 2
Va y he a cho vo nghie m khi m = 4.
b/ Ta co (*) X 2 + mX m = 0 vi X 1

X 2 = m (1 X )

X2

= m ( do m khong la nghiem cua *)

1X
X2
X 2 + 2X
tren [ 1,1) Z ' =
;
Xe t Z =
2
1 X
(1 X )

Z' = 0 X = 0 X = 2

( * *)

 X = Y ( X 1)
co nghie m m 0
2
X + mX m = 0
Xe t (**):
X 2 mX + m 2 m = 0
Ta co = m 2 4 ( m 2 m ) = 3m 2 + 4m

Do o he

4
3
Ke t lua n : Khi m 0 th (I) co nghie m ne n he a cho co nghie m
Khi m < 0 th (I) vo nghie m ma (**) cu n g vo nghie m
(do < 0) ne n he a cho vo nghie m
Do o : He co nghie m m 0
Ca c h kha c
He co nghie m f (X) = X 2 + mX m = 0 (*)hay
00m

g(X) = X 2 mX + m2 m = 0 (**) co nghie m tre n [-1,1]

1 = m 2 + 4m 0

af (1) 0
f ( 1) f (1) 0 hay af (1) 0

1 S = m 1

2
2
2
2 = 3m + 4m 0

2
ag (1) = m + 1 0
hay g (1) g (1) 0 hay ag ( 1) = (m 1) 2 0

1 S = m 1

2 2
2
1 = m + 4m 0
4

1 2m 0 hay 1 2m 0
hay m = 1 hay 0 m
3
2 m 2

m0

IV. HE KHONG MAU MC

Ba i 182:

tgx + cotgx = 2sin y + 4 (1)

Gia i he phng trnh:

tgy + cotgy = 2sin x - (2)

Ca c h 1:

sin cos sin2 + cos2

2
+
=
=
cos sin
sin cos
sin 2
1

sin 2x = sin y + 4 (1)

Va y he a cho
1 = sin x (2)

sin 2y
4

Ta co : tg + cotg=

Ta co :

1 = sin 2x sin y + 4 (1)

1 = sin 2y. sin x (2)

sin 2x = 1
sin 2x = 1

(1)

sin y + 4 = 1 sin y + 4 = 1

x = 4 + k, k
x = 4 + k, k

y = + h2, h y = 3 + h2, h

4
4

x = 4 + k, k
Thay
va o (2) ta c

y = + h2, h

sin 2y.sin x = sin .sin k = 0 1 (loa i )

4
2

=
+ k, k
x

4
Thay
va o (2) ta c

3
y =
+ h2, h

3

sin 2y. sin x = sin
sin + k
4

2
2
( neu k le)

1
= sin + k =
( neu k chan)
2
1

Do o he co nghie m

x = 4 + ( 2m + 1)

y = 3 + h2

( m, h Z)

Ca c h 2:
Do ba t a n g th c Cauchy
tgx + cotgx 2
da u = xa y ra tgx = cotgx tgx=
tgx = 1

1
tgx

Do o :

tgx+cotgx 2 2 sin y +
4

Da u = ta i (1) ch xa y ra khi
tgx = 1
tgx = 1

sin y + 4 = 1 sin y + 4 = 1

x = 4 + k, k
x = 4 + k, k
(I)
(II)

3
y = + h2, h
y =
+ h2, h

4
4

thay (I) va o (2): tgy + cotgy=2sin x -
4
ta tha y 2 = 2sin k = 0 kho n g tho a

thay (II) va o (2) ta tha y 2 = 2 sin + k

2

ch tho a khi k le

x = 4 + ( 2m + 1)
Va y : he a cho
, m, h

3
y =
+ 2h

4
Ba i 183:

Cho he phng trnh:

(1)
x y = m

2
2 ( cos 2x + cos 2y ) 1 4 cos m = 0 (2)
Tm m e he phng trnh co nghie m .

x y = m
He a cho
2
4 cos ( x + y ) cos ( x y ) = 1 + 4 cos m

 x y = m

2
4 cos ( x + y ) cos m + 4 cos m + 1 = 0
x y = m

2
2
[2 cos m cos ( x + y )] + 1 cos ( x + y ) = 0
x y = m

2
2
[2 cos m cos ( x + y )] + sin ( x + y ) = 0
x y = m

cos ( x + y ) = 2 cos m

sin ( x + y ) = 0
x y = m

x + y = k , k
cos(k) = 2 cos m

Do o he co nghie m m =

2
+ h2 m =
+ h2, h
3
3

BAI TAP
1. Gia i ca c he phng trnh sau:
sin x + sin y = 2
a/ 2
2
sin x + sin y = 2

sin x sin y = 2
b/
cos x cos y = 1

2
2 cos x = 1 + cos y
c/
2 sin x = sin y
1

sin x cos y =
d/
4
3tgx = tgy

tgx + tgy + tgxtgy = 1

f /
3sin 2y 2 = cos 4x

3
sin x sin 2y =
2
g/
cos x + cos 2y = 1

2
cos ( x + y ) = 2 cos ( x y )

h/
3
cos x.cos y =

4
sin x = 7 cos y
k/
5 sin y = cos x 6

tgx + tgy = 1

l/ x
y
tg 2 + tg 2 = 2
cos x cos y = m + 1
2.Cho he phng trnh:
2
sin x sin y = 4m + 2m
1
a/ Gia i he khi m =
4
sin 2 x = cos x cos y
e/ 2
cos x = sin x sin y

3
1

b/ Tm m e he co nghie m S m hay m=0

4
4

3. Tm a e he sau a y co nghie m duy nha t :

y 2 + tg 2 x = 1

2
( S a= 2)
y + 1 = ax + a + sin x
4. Tm m e ca c he sau a y co nghie m .
3
sin x cos y = m 2
cos x = m cos y
a/
b/
3
sin y cos x = m
sin x = m cos y

( S

1 m 2)

1- 5
1+ 5
m
S

2
2

Th.S Phm Hng Danh

TT luyn thi i hc Vnh Vin