BI THO LUN

PHNG PHP O PH HNG NGOI IR

Danh sch nhm:

1.Nguyn Hu Quc Khnh 2.Dng Hu Khoa 3.Nguyn Vn Kim 4.Nguyn Th Kim 5.Nguyn Th Linh

Ni dung:
1. C s l thuyt 2. Nguyn tc 3. ng dng: 3.1. nh tnh 3.2. nh lng 3.3. V d 4. Thit b v cc lu khi s dng 5. Nhn xt 6. Ti liu tham kho

1.C s l thuyt
Nng lng lng t (ca photon nh sng) c xc nh bi cng thc sau y:

h: hng s Planck, 6.6 x 10-34 (J.s) c: tc ca nh sng trong chn khng, 3 x 108 (m/s) : bc sng (m) : tn s (s-1 hoc Hz)

Thng thng th n v ca bc sng c s dng trong ph hng ngoi l m ( 1 m = 10- 4 cm) v thay cho tn s (Hz), ngi ta s dng n v l s sng:

1. Khi phn t hp cht hu c va chm vi chm sng in t s hp thu mt nng lng tng ng vi bc sng xc nh no ca tia ti v khng hp thu cc chm tia c bc sng khc. 2. Nu ta chiu mu cht hu c mt sng in t vi cc bc sng khc nhau v sau xc nh xem bc sng no b hp thu, bc sng no khng th chng ta s c c mt ph hp thu ca mu . 3. Kt qu c biu din bng th ca hm s nng lng sng in t i qua ph thuc vo bc sng.Trc honh biu din bc sng vi ng nm ngang trn n v l m; ng nm ngang di n v l s sng (cm-1), trc tung l h s hp th sng in t c n v l %.

Vng bc x hng ngoi (IR) l mt vng ph bc x in t rng nm gia vng trng thy v vng vi ba; vng ny c th chia thnh 3 vng

nh:
- Near-IR 400-10 cm-1 (1000- 25 m) - Mid-IR 4000 - 400 cm-1 (25- 2,5m)

- Far-IR 14000- 4000 cm-1 (2,5 0,8m)

Phng php phn tch ph hng ngoi ni y l vng ph nm trong vng c s sng 4000 - 400 cm-1.

Vng ny cung cp cho ta nhng thng tin quan trng v cc dao

ng ca cc phn t do l cc thng tin v cu trc ca cc phn t

iu kin hp th bc x hng ngoi:

c th hp th bc x hng ngoi, phn t phi p ng cc yu cu sau:
- di sng chnh xc ca bc x: mt phn t hp th bc x hng ngoi ch khi no tn s dao ng t nhin ca mt phn phn t (tc l cc nguyn t hay cc nhm nguyn t to thnh phn t ) cng l tn s ca bc x ti. - Mt phn t ch hp th bc x hng ngoi khi no s hp th gy nn s bin thin momen lng cc ca chng.

2. Nguyn tc
Ph hng ngoi l phng php o s hp th bc x hng ngoi (IR)khi n i qua mt lp cht cn th , cc s sng khc nhau.vng bc x hng ngoi s dng trong cc my quang ph IR thng l 600cm-1 - 400cm-1,cc my hin nay c th m rng vng bc x(100 cm-1 - 10000 cm-1) Trong phn t khi c nhm nguyn t no hp th nng lng v thay i trng thi dao ng th to nn mt di hp th trn ph IR.C mi lin quan gia nhm nguyn t v di hp th nn c th da vo s c mt ca di hp th nhn bit mt nhm chc no Nhiu nhm chc c cc di ph hp th c trng.y l c s ca vic phn tch cu trc bng IR.Vic xc nh c s c mt ca cc nhm chc trong phn t gip chng ta c th dng ph hng ngoi IR nh tnh mt cht.

3.ng dng
3.1. nh tnh
Phng php quang ph hng ngoi ch yu c s dng trong nh tnh cc cht hu c. Vic nh tnh ny da trn 2 nguyn tc : - So snh s ph hp gia ph cht th vi ph cht chun cho sn trong sch tra cu (atlas) hoc trong th vin ph lu gi trong my tnh. - So snh s ph hp gia ph cht th vi ph ca ha cht chun dc ghi trong cng iu kin Phng php nh tnh bng ph hng ngoi ca hu ht ca cc dc in trn th gii u da trn hai nguyn tc ny

nh tnh s dng cht chun so snh Chun b mu th v mu cht chun so snh ri o ph ca chng t 4000 cm-1 n 670cm1( t 2,5m n 15m) trong cng iu kin. Cc i hp thu ph ca cht th phi tng ng vi ph cht chun v v tr v tr s. nh tnh s dng ph cht chun trong atlas hoc th vin ph. c th so snh ph ca cht th vi ph cht chun tra cu trong atlas hoc th vin ph ca my tnh, trc ht chng ta cn chun ha my quang ph. Tt c cc dc in u chun ha 2 thng s c bn ca my: phn gii v thng s sng. Tm tt cch lm nh sau:

- Chun ha phn gii: Ghi ph ca phim polystyren dy 0,05mm + Hiu s gia phn trm truyn qua cc tiu hp th A 2870cm1(3,48 m) v cc i hp th B 2849cm1phi ln hn 18. + Hiu s gia phn trm truyn qua cc tiu hp th C 1589,5cm1(6,29 m) v cc i hp th D 1583cm-1(6,32 m) phi ln hn 12. - Chun ha thang s sng Cng c th chun ha thang s sng bng cch s dng phim polystyren. Phim ny c cc tiu truyn qua (cc i hp th) cc s sng (cm1)

Cc i hp th ca phim polystyren
3027,1 2924,0 2850,7 1944,0 1871,0 1801,6 ( 0,3) ( 2) ( 0,3) ( 1) ( 0,3) ( 0,3) 1583,1 1181,4 1154,3 1069,1 1028,0 906,7 ( 0,3) ( 0,3) ( 0,3) ( 0,3) ( 0,3) ( 0,3)

1601,4

( 0,3)

698,9

( 0,5)

3.2.nh lng
Phng php ph hng ngoi c th c ng dng trong phn tch nh lng 1 cht trong dung dch hay trong hn hp. C s ca phng php da trn phng trnh nh lut Lambert Beer biu hin mi quan h gia s hp thu nh sng v nng cht: Log
I0 I

= .C.d = D

Khi phn tch mt cht o mt bc sng xc nh vi mt cuvet c chiu dy d bit th mt quang D ch cn t l vi nng C ca mu cht. V phng trnh trn ch chnh xc vi dung dch c nng long nn phng php phn tch nh lng bng ph hng ngoi ch p dng o trong dung dch, cn theo phng php p mu rn ( p KBr) th ch phn tch bn nh lng

Phng php phn tch nh lng nh ph hng ngoi thc hin theo cch lp ng chun. Pha mt lot mu vi nng khc nhau ca cht cn xc nh dng tinh khit ri o gi tri D ca chng, sau v th biu din s ph thuc D v nng C. Vn I kh khn v mc sai s trong phng php ny l tnh t s 0 . V I nguyn tc gi tr I0 v I c th xc nh trn ph theo cch tm ng nn ri o gi tr I0 v I. Kh khn y l xc nh v tr ng nn sao cho sai s ca phng php l nh nht , bi v trn ng cong ph c s che ph nhau ca cc nh cho nn c th c mt s v tr khc nhau khi v ng nn. V th ngoi phng php ng nn ngi ta cn tin hnh theo mt s phng php khc t chnh xc cao hn

3.3. V d

4.Thit b
My quang ph hng ngoi Thermo Scientific Nicolet iS10 FT-IR

My quang ph hng ngoi FT-IR Thermo Scientific Nicolet iS10c thit k cho nhng phng th nghim kim tra cht lng, dch v phn tch hoc cc nhim v php l, my quang ph hng ngoi FT-IR Nicolet iS10 a ra tin cy cao nht trong vic kim tra v nh tnh cc nguyn liu. My quang ph hng ngoi FT-IR Nicolet iS10 c thit k m bo ti a trong kh nng ca n ti mu th v gii quyt nhng vn t ra vi mt s u t ti thiu v thi gian.

My quang ph hng ngoi FT-IR Thermo Scientific Nicolet iS10 Hng sn xut : Thermo - USA Model : Nicolet iS10

My quang ph hng ngai FT-IR

My quang ph hng ngai FT-IR 6300 c phn gii cao, t l tn hiu/ nhiu xut sc, tc qut nhanh My s dng b giao thoa c cu trc kn, gng hnh lp phng, t ng chnh hng, iu khin DSP cho php t phn gii chun cao. C h thng ui kh bn trong my, bung mu, u d Bung mu t pht hin ph tng t vo nh ph kin cho mu rn, mu lng. H thng quang c bao kn, ht m tuyt i trnh mi nh hng ca mi trng B truyn ng giao thoa k s dng ng c in t chng rung ng cho php qut nhanh My quang ph hng ngai d dng kt ni m rng vi cc thit b khc nh FT- Raman, knh hin vi hng ngai v nhiu ph kin khc la chn cho cc i tng phn tch khc nhau. My c ng dng phn tch cho cc lai mu rn, lng v nho.

My quang ph hng ngai FT-IR Hng Sn Xut: Jasco - Nht Model: FT-IR 6300

My quang ph hng ngai bin i chui Fourier

My quang ph hng ngoi s dng b giao thoa c cu trc kn, gng hnh lp phng, t ng chnh hng, iu khin DSP cho php t phn gii chun cao Thit k chc chn, d s dng H thng quang c bao kn, ht m tuyt i trnh mi nh hng ca mi trng B truyn ng giao thoa k s dng ng c in t chng rung ng cho php qut nhanh D dng kt hp vi cc loi knh hin vi nh IR microscope

My quang ph hng ngai bin i chui Fourier: Hng sn xut: Jasco Nht Model: FT-IR 4100

5.Nhn xt
Phng php o ph hng ngoi l phng php c s dng ph bin trong vic phn tch thnh phn ca mt cht.y l phng php n gin,d thc hin c s dng nhiu trong ha phn tch,vt l ,ha hc nhm kim tra thnh phn ca cc cht c hin th bi cc ph c trng cho thnh phn cht . Phng php o quang ph hng ngoi c s dng nhiu trong kim nghim dc phm da vo cc phn ng nh tnh,nh lng. Trong y dc phng php o quang ph hng ngoi c ng dng trong cng tc sn xut thit b y t,cc thit b iu tr nh ch to ra ming dn hng ngoi trong iu tr bnh nhn t qu,knh mt hng ngoi dng cho bnh nhn b kh mt

6.Ti liu tham kho

Gio trnh Kim nghim dc phm(B Y T) Dc in Vit Nam 4 Gio trnh Ha phn tch( B Y T ) Gio trnh Cc phng php phn tch vt l, ha l (NXB: Khoa hc v k thut ) Gio trnh Ha l dc ( i hc Dc H Ni)

CM N CC BN CH THEO DI