B CNG THNG

ti 6:

CC LOI POLYOLS DNG TRONG SN XUT KO

GVHD: H XUN HNG SV: ON TH KIM NH (10314511) TP. H Ch Minh thng 05 nm 2012

MC LC M U .............................................................................................................................. 4 Chng 1: Tng quan v polyols ......................................................................................... 1 1. polyols l g? ................................................................................................................ 1 2. Phn loi polyols .......................................................................................................... 1 3. Mt s tnh cht ca polyols ........................................................................................ 2 4. Li ch sc khe ca polyols ....................................................................................... 5 5. Tc hi ca polyols? .................................................................................................... 8 6. ng dng ..................................................................................................................... 8 7. Yu cu dn nhn polyols nh th no? ...................................................................... 9 8. So snh polyols vi cc carbohydrate khc? .............................................................. 9 Chng 2: Cc loi ng polyols v ng dng ca chng trong thc phm c bit l trong cng ngh sn xut ko ............................................................................................. 10 1. Erythritol C4H10O4 (polyol tetrahydric) (2R,3S)-butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol .................... 10 c im ..................................................................................................................... 10 Li ch ......................................................................................................................... 11 ng dng ca erythritol trong thc phm v trong cng ngh sn xut ko ............. 11 2. Isomalt (C12H24O11) ................................................................................................... 12 c im ..................................................................................................................... 12 Li ch ......................................................................................................................... 13 ng dng ca Isomalt trong thc phm v trong cng ngh sn xut ko ................ 13 3. Lactitol (C12H24O11) ................................................................................................... 14 c im ..................................................................................................................... 14 Li ch ......................................................................................................................... 14 ng dng ca Lactitol trong thc phm v trong cng ngh sn xut ko................ 15 4. Maltitol (C6H14O6) ..................................................................................................... 15 c im ..................................................................................................................... 15 Li ch ......................................................................................................................... 15 ng dng ca Maltitol trong thc phm v trong cng ngh sn xut ko ............... 15 5. Mannitol C6H14O6 (D-Mannitol)(2R,3R,4R,5R)-Hexan-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol ............... 16

c im ..................................................................................................................... 16 Li ch ......................................................................................................................... 17 ng dng ca Mannitol trong thc phm v trong cng ngh sn xut ko ............. 17 6. Sorbitol (C6H14O6)(2S,3R,4R,5R)-Hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol .................................... 17 c im ..................................................................................................................... 17 Li ch ......................................................................................................................... 18 ng dng ca Sorbitol trong thc phm v trong cng ngh sn xut ko ............... 18 7. XYLITOL(C5H12O5)(2R,4S)-Pentane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol; 1,2,3,4,5Pentahydroxypentane; Xylite ......................................................................................... 18 c im ..................................................................................................................... 19 Li ch ......................................................................................................................... 19 ng dng ca XYLITOL trong thc phm v trong cng ngh sn xut ko ........... 20 8. Hydrogenated Starch Hydrolysates (HSH) ................................................................ 20 c im ..................................................................................................................... 20 ng dng ca Hydrogenated Starch trong thc phm v trong cng ngh sn xut ko .............................................................................................................................. 21 TI LIU THAM KHO .................................................................................................. 22

M U

Bc tin vt bc trong x hi loi ngi chng ta tht s rt nhanh chng, t khi cc thng tin lin lc qua in thoi hay nhu cu s dng internet ngy cng tr nn thng dng v nhiu nhiu hn na nhng pht minh, nhng cng trnh nghin cu, nhng sng ch hu ch ang p dng trong thc t nng cao i sng ca con ngi. Con ngi chng ta dn dn thay i b mt v kinh t, chnh tr, vn ha, x himt s i thay theo xu hng hin i. Nhu cu con ngi c nng cao theo i sng, nhng i hi trong cuc sng hng ngy cng tr nn khc hn. Trong th gii hin i nh ngy nay th nhu cu cho cc ba n hng ngy cng cao hn, con ngi tiu th thc n nhiu hn, a vo c th nhiu cht dinh dng hn, vy th vic tiu th chng s nh th no khi m c th chng ta lun cn mc m thi, chng s chuyn ha nh th no nu b d tha bi v c mt s cht c th o thi ra ngoi khi d tha nhng mt s th li khng th. Nu chng ta quan tm nhiu v vn sc khe th s thy hin nay trn th gii cc bnh lin quan n d tha dinh dng rt ph bin nh bo ph v c bit l bnh tiu ng, do tiu th dinh dng qu mc c bit l cc sn phm c cha ng (cacbonhydrate). Cc cht ng ny cn dn n nguyn nhn gy su rng rt hay gp tr em do n nhiu loi thc phm c cha ng. Vy c phi cc cht ngt u l ng v u dn n nguy c gy bnh? Cu tr li l khng. Vy cc cht ngt khng phi ng ny c phi u l cc cht ngt nhn to? cu tr li l khng phi hon ton u l cht ngt nhn to m cng c th c l cht ngt t nhin.vy c an ton khi s dng? y l vn hng ti n ti cc loi polyols dng trong sn xut ko ko l mt loi thc phm ph bin v c bit n l mn a chung ca tr em nh ko cng hay mm nh ko chocolate, ko cao su.polyols l g? Chng s c mc ch v tc dng nh th no trong ko? Ti s c gng a ra cu tr li cho vn ny, nhng nu c g sai st th mong c v cc bn lng th. V nu c g thc mc hay cn ch bo thm th hy lin lc qua mail: kimanh.foodtech@gmail.com. Xin chn thnh cm n!

Tiu lun CNSX NG-BNH-KO

GVHD: H XUN HNG

NI DUNG
Chng 1: Tng quan v polyols 1. polyols l g? L mt loi carbohy-drate s dng thay th cho ng trong thc phmsugar free. polyols l tn gi thu gn ca nhm ru a phn t polyhydric alcohol, cn c gi vi ci tn sugar alcohol v trong cng thc c nhm alcohol (CH-OH) v tr cacbonyl (C=O) trong cc aldose v ketose. Polyols khng phi l ng cng khng phi l rc v phn bit r rng th Cc Qun l dc v thc phm M (FDA) xem xt dng thut ng polyol trnh gy nhm ln. Tn c phn ui gi l -itol khc ui -ose theo carbohydrate hin ti (McNaught, 1996). Polyols c v ngt nh (ngt thanh), ngt thp hn ng v ty thuc vo mc ch khc nhau m ngi ta s phi trn cc loi ng vi nhau c c ngt nh mong mun nh: aspartame, Acesulfame K, neotame, saccharin, stevia sweeteners v sucralose trong cc sn phm: ko, chewing-gum khng ng, cc mn trng ming ng lnh v bnh nng.... Polyols cng gp phn ko di thi gian s dng bng cch gi m hay hn ch hin tng hi ng. Polyols cung cp t calo hn cc hp cht cacbonhydrate khc iu ny l s khc bit cng nh l mt li th ca n v hin nay vn sc khe l rt quan trng. Hu ht cc polyols c ngun gc t nhin cha trong mt s sn phm thc phm nh rau, tri cy v nm v cng c mt trong cc thc phm ln men nh ru vang hay nc tng.

2. Phn loi polyols Polyols c ngun gc t mono-v di hay Oligosaccharides hay Polysaccharides Monosaccharide polyols: Erythriol, Sorbitol, Mannitol v Xylitol Disaccharides polyols: Maltitol (bao gm maltitol syrups)v Isomalt, Lactitol Oligosaccharides polyols: Hydrogenated starch hydrolysates (HSH) Polysaccharides polyols : Polyglycitols Bng 1 thng s k thut v polyols Polyol Cng thc Loi saccharide Tn ng ngha Erythritol MonoHydrogenated erythrose C4H10O4 Xylitol MonoHydrogenated xylose C5H12O5 Mannitol MonoHydrogenated mannose C6H14O6 Sorbitol MonoHydrogenated glucose C6H14O6 Sorbitol syrup Mixed mono and smaller amounts Hydrogenated glucose syrup of other hydrogenated saccharides Lactitol DiHexopyranosyl- 344.3hexitol C12H24O11 Isomalt Mixed diHexopyranosyl- 344.3hexitol C12H24O11 Maltitol DiHexopyranosyl- 344.3hexitol C12H24O11 Maltitol Mixed, 50 % di- and less amounts Hydrogenated high-maltose glucose

SV: ON TH KIM NH

trang 1

Tiu lun CNSX NG-BNH-KO

syrups Polyglycitol of mono- and higher saccharides syrup

GVHD: H XUN HNG

Mixed, <50% di- and of other Hydrogenated starch hydrolysate especially oligo- and polysaccharides Mannitol v Sorbitol(C6H14O6) nhng khc cu hnh khng gian

3.

Mt s tnh cht ca polyols ha tan Bng 2: ha tan (solubility) ca cc loi polyol so vi sucrose( 200C)

ha tan ca cc polyol tng theo nhit v so snh vi sucrose

SV: ON TH KIM NH

trang 2

Tiu lun CNSX NG-BNH-KO

GVHD: H XUN HNG

ha tan s th hin kh nng ha tan ca loi ng trong nc. i vi trong cng ngh sn xut ko nu ha tan trong nc cng cao th kh nng kt tinh cng cao (do nhanh t trng thi qu bo ha s dn n d kt tinh) v vy s to iu kin la chn loi ko no ph hp hn nh trong cng ngh sn xut ko mm th ngi ta s la ch loi ko c ha tan trong nc thp. Nhit nng chy

Hnh nhit nng chy ca polyol so vi sucrose Nhit nng chy cng cao th s tt trong vic sn xut ko cng do nhit thng chng s trng thi tinh th m khng b kt tinh. Kh nng ht m

Kh nng khng hp th nc l tnh cht quan trng cho ko cng v lp ph bn ngoi cc sn phm khc, ch yu thng hay s dng nht l Isomalt. S n nh chng li m ng gp phn ko di thi hn s dng ca sn phm. SV: ON TH KIM NH trang 3

Tiu lun CNSX NG-BNH-KO

GVHD: H XUN HNG

V d do ko cng c phi chng li cc iu kin bo qun khc nghit (kh hu nng v m) hoc c th khng c bao gi k cng (ko c bc ring trong tng bao b nh). Ko cng s dng Isomalt cho thy mt s n nh lu hn trong qu trnh lu tr, tt hn so vi cc sn phm ko caramen cng truyn thng. Cn ko do th s la chn phi trn vo sn phm trnh hin tng hi ng. Nhit ng polyols v glucose khi trng thi dung dch

Tnh cht ny th hin kh nng to cm gic the mt trong ming v d nh erythritol s c tc dng to cm gic mt trong ming nhiu nht. Tnh n nh C s n nh nhit tt v khng b thy phn bi acid v khng b bin mu do khng tham gia mt s phn ng nh caramen v maillar. S dng kt hp cc loi ng vi nhau Mc ch ci thin ngt do c ngt thp hn sucrose v to c cm gic the mt hay ko di c cm gic ngt trong ming i vi mt s ng c nhng khuyt im v v the mt nh isomalt.

SV: ON TH KIM NH

trang 4

Tiu lun CNSX NG-BNH-KO

GVHD: H XUN HNG

Hnh hiu qu lm the mt ca Isomalt so vi polyols trong nc khc (sucrose 50/100g)

4. Li ch sc khe ca polyols To v ngt ging ng nhng li cung cp t calo hn Polyols hp thu chm v khng trn vn ti rut non, l l do ti sao chng cung cp t calo hn so vi carbohydrate khc t 0,2 n 3 calo mi gram so vi 4 calo mi gram t carbohydrate. iu ny s gip ch cho nhng ngi n king trong vic gi sc khe v kim sot cn nng. Bng 3: Gi tr calo ca ng sucrose v polyols

Hn ch c vn su rng Li th ca polyols l khng thc y bnh su rng do c ch s pht trin, khng b ln men bi vi sinh vt trong khoang ming v gim s hnh thnh acid gy h hi men rng dn n su rng. FDA ph chun l cc sn phm c cha polyols "khng thc y su rng" nh nhai ko cao su c cha xylitol c th gip bo v rng bng cch trung ha axit trong ming, trnh hin tng mng bm lm mt lp men rng v bng cch kch thch sn xut nc bt c th gip ra sch d lng ng.

SV: ON TH KIM NH

trang 5

Tiu lun CNSX NG-BNH-KO

GVHD: H XUN HNG

Hnh: V d - ng cong gi tr PH thu c 4 ca polyols so snh vi Sucrose

Polyols rt an ton cho rng

Khng lm tng cao lng ng huyt v vy rt tt cho ngi b bnh tiu ng v vn v tim mch.

SV: ON TH KIM NH

trang 6

Tiu lun CNSX NG-BNH-KO

GVHD: H XUN HNG

Do nhu cu s dng cc loi thc phm khng ng, gim ng hay h ng huyt, polyols ang c s dng thay th ng trong nhiu loi thc phm. Polyols lm ng huyt tng chm hn sau khi tiu th so vi carbohydrate. Bi v chng khng c hp thu hon ton nn gim lng isulin tit ra nn gim hin tng bo ph. Tuy nhin, iu quan trng cn lu rng cc sn phm "sugar free" khng nht thit c ngha l lng calo hoc carbohydrate thp. Thc phm vi polyols c th c cc thnh phn khc cha calo cao c th lm tng lng ng trong mu v vy cng cn lu khi s dng. Bng 4: Glycaemic (ng huyt) v insulinaemic (Isulin) ca polyols (glucose = 100) Polyols ng huyt Isulin 25 75 SORBITOL 25 75 MANNITOL 50 50 XYLITOL 40 50 MALTITOL 10 9 ISOMALT 90 10 ERYTHRITOL 2 98 LACTITOL

Polyols t nh hng ti nng glucose huyt tng v ch kch thch mt mc rt thp sn sinh ra insulin.

Ru ng trong ko sugar free c tt khng? y l mt cu hi quan trng yu cu c gii thch k t khi cht lm ngt nhn to nh aspartame v saccharin c th dn nguy c khng tt cho sc khe con ngi. Cho n nay, khng c nghin cu no chng minh kh nng gy ung th hoc bnh mn tnh t vic s dng cc cht lm ngt ny. Bi v s hp thu loi ng ny ca ng rut l khng hon ton nn vic tiu th qu nhiu loi ng ny c th gy ra cc triu chng nh y hi, tiu chy...N ni ln rng mt s loi ru ng trong ko sugar free thc s c th c li cho sc khe v d nh Xylitol ng mt vai tr quan trng trong vic gim su rng bng cch c ch cc vi khun trong ming. trong ko ng sugar free th maltitol, c chng nhn trong mt nghin cu lm gim t l mc cc khi u rut kt chut. Kt hp iu ny vi thc t l ch s ng huyt thp hn ca ru ng v lng calo thp thc y kim sot trng lng v c tc ng tch cc trn ng huyt trong mu bnh nhn tiu ng. Tht khng may, ru ng khng phi l cht lm ngt ch trong ko sugar free. Cc cht lm ngt Acesulfame kali v aspartame thng c kt hp vi cc polyols vn cn trong cu hi do vn sc khe mc d FDA cho rng n vn an ton.

SV: ON TH KIM NH

trang 7

Tiu lun CNSX NG-BNH-KO

GVHD: H XUN HNG

5. Tc hi ca polyols? T chc Y T Th Gii cng nhn s dng l rt an ton nhng i vi mt s ngi nu tiu th vi s lng ln vt qu ngng (>50g polyols mi ngy) cng mt lc c th ln men gy ra hin tng y hi hoc tiu chy (nhun trng) tc dng tng t nh phn ng vi thc n c cht x cao, mi ngi cng c th thch ng vi ch n nhiu cht x theo thi gian. Tuy nhin, cc loi thc phm c cha polyols (ko, bnh nng, vv) c xu hng c t cht dinh dng quan trng v v vy cng khng nn c tiu th vi s lng ln.

Bng 5: Kt qu ca polyols trong ng tiu ha thay i theo con ng trao i cht, hp thu, tiu ha v bi tit
Bi tit qua nc tiu (g/100g) <2 SORBITOL 25 MANNITOL <2 XYLITOL <2 MALTITOL <2 ISOMALT 90 ERYTHRITOL <2 LACTITOL Livesey, 2003 nu s dng nhiu ng polyols th khi b ln men trong rut gi s dn n sinh kh v tc dng nhun trng. Bng trn cho thy ty thuc vo mi loi ng khc nhau m mc ln men trong rut gi s khc nhau. 6. ng dng Polyols thng c s dng trong qu trnh sn xut cc sn phm nh: o cao su, ko, ko bc h, kem, cc mn trng ming ng lnh , bnh nng, scla, thch tri cy, kem nh rng, nc sc ming, xi-r ho, thuc ho L do ko sugar free tr nn kh ph bin l do polyols trong hng v ko tng t nh ng. hng c d v nh cht lm ngt nhn to khc nh saccharin, cc loi ng thng c s dng trong bnh ko sugar free bao gm maltitol, sorbitol, Isomalt, Erythritol, mannitol, v xylitol. Nu bn c cc nhn trn cc bnh ko bn mua, bn cng cn lu rng ru ng trong ko sugar free thng c kt hp vi cht lm ngt khc, ph bin nht l aspartame v Acesulfame kali. Vic b sung cc cht ngt s to c v ngt tt hn khi s dng mt loi polyols. n nh v cu trc v lm gim phn ng Mailard (browing). N cng lm bin i mt s tnh cht ha l nh ha tan, kh nng ht m, nht v nhit si to ra s khc bit v tnh cht gia cc polyols. Polyols Hp th ti rut non (g/100g) 25 25 50 40 10 90 2 Ln men trong rut gi (g/100g) 75 75 50 50 90 10 98

SV: ON TH KIM NH

trang 8

Tiu lun CNSX NG-BNH-KO

GVHD: H XUN HNG

Mc d hu ht cc loi polyols c mt trong t nhin, v d nh trong tri cy v rau qu, nhng vic khai thc cc loi ng ny khng phi l mt phng php sn xut kh thi. Ngoi ra ng (sucrose) v xylose c ngun gc t ng, v hnh nhn v v cy bch dng tr thnh mt ngun sn xut ph bin, Isomalt v Sorbitol t sa ng v Mannitol t rong bin. c sn xut bng phng php hydro ha hoc ln men t nhiu loi cacbonhydrate khc nhau, ch yu t ng v tinh bt. 7. Yu cu dn nhn polyols nh th no? Tn ca mi polyols s c in trn thnh phn bao b ca bt k sn phm no c cha chng. Bao gm s lng carbohydrate trn nhn, hoc trong tng s trn mt dng ring bit cho polyols. Nu sn phm c dn nhn "ng" hay "khng b ng, cc nh sn xut phi th hin s lng tng polyols ring bit.

8. So snh polyols vi cc carbohydrate khc? Mc d polyols c t calo hn so vi ng v hu ht trong s chng khng phi l u c v ngt, v vy phi c s dng kt hp vi nhau c c hiu qu ngt nh mong mun. V d nh maltitol, c tc ng 75% n lng ng huyt so vi ng (100%) nhng ngt cng l 75% . Tuy nhin, c nhiu loi ru ng khc nhau nn s nh hng n lng ng huyt cng khc nhau. Biu so snh polyols khc nhau. Ch s ng huyt GI = Cal / g = Nng lng cho mi gram Ch s ng huyt ch l mt phm vi, ch khng phi l mt s lng c nh. Cc nghin cu khc nhau mang li kt qu khc nhau. Bng 6: ngt, nng lng cho mi gram Tn ng ngt GI Cal/g Sucrose (sugar) 100% 60 4 Maltitol Syrup 75% 52 3 Hydrogenated Starch Hydrolysate 33% 39 2.8 Maltitol 75% 36 2.7 Xylitol 100% 13 2.5 Isomalt 55% 9 2.1 Sorbitol 60% 9 2.5 Lactitol 355 6 2 Mannitol 60% 0 1.5 Erythritol 70% 0 0.2 ngun nghin cu Livesey, thng 12 nm 2003

SV: ON TH KIM NH

trang 9

Tiu lun CNSX NG-BNH-KO

GVHD: H XUN HNG

Hnh: ngt ca mt s polyols

Chng 2: Cc loi ng polyols v ng dng ca chng trong thc phm c bit l trong cng ngh sn xut ko 1. Erythritol C4H10O4 (polyol tetrahydric) (2R,3S)-butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol

c im L mt dng tinh th bt mu trng, khng mi, v ngt tng t nh sucrose. ngt khong 70% so vi sucrose (100%). C tc dng to cm gic the mt trong ming tng t nh xylitol. Erythritol khng calo hay cung cp rt t khong 0,2 calo mi gram, chim khong 7 n 13% lng calo so vi polyols khc v 5% lng calo ca sucrose. c hp thu rut non nhng chuyn ha rt kh khn trong c th con ngi v bi tit qua nc tiu trong vng 24 gi c sn xut u tin v duy nht t ng bi qu trnh ln men. C trong cc loi tri cy t nhin nh: L, da hu, nho v c trong mt s thc phm nh nm, cc thc phm c ngun gc t qu trnh ln men ru vang, nc tng v pho mt.

SV: ON TH KIM NH

trang 10

Tiu lun CNSX NG-BNH-KO

GVHD: H XUN HNG

Li ch Erythritol khng b ln men bi enzyme trong c th, ch c th c hp thu mt phn hoc hp thu chm trong c th vi nng lng thp v c th c s dng trong vic phng chng bo ph v li ch co vic gim cn. Erythritol khng lm tng glucose mu, cng khng thc y insulin, v c th thm thu qua mng t bo, cung cp dinh dng. V vy, n c th c coi l cc cht lm ngt, b sung dinh dng v trong y hc gip cho bnh nhn tiu ng. Erythritol khng c kh nng ln men trong rut gi nh cc polyols khc, v khng th c s dng bi cc loi nm gy h hng rng, v n c th c ch lin cu khun gy sn sinh axit, v vy n c th ngn nga v cha tr rng b h hng . iu ny c ngha l c t kh hnh thnh gy y hi v khng gy tiu chy (khi s dng >50g) nh cc polyols khc. Erythritol c khuyn co khng s dng cho bnh nhn b hi chng lin quan n rut hoc ri tiu ha khc. Erythritol c th thc y s pht trin ca vi khun c li trong c th, duy tr cn bng sinh thi ca rut. Erythritol c th thc y tng hp cc glycogen trong gan, ci thin chc nng gan, chng li bnh gan nhim m l thc phm l tng phng chng bin chng bnh vim gan. ng dng ca erythritol trong thc phm v trong cng ngh sn xut ko Erythritol ang c s dng rt ph bin trong cc loi thc phm gim calo. C th c pha trn vi cht lm ngt khc c hm lng calo thp (v d, Acesulfame kali v aspartame) hoc polyols khc (v d nh, sorbitol v xylitol)to v ngt nh v khng gy d v. T nm 1990 Nht Bn, Erythritol c thng mi ha trong sn xut v b sung vo thc phm nh: scla, chewing-gum, sa chua, cc cht hn, trong bnh cookie, thch, mt ung t cht bo, v cc cht thay th ng trong ko. Erythritol c chp thun cho s dng trong thc phm ti hn 50 quc gia, bao gm Canada, M(nm 1996), Brazil, Mexico, Australia v Lin minh chu u (nm 2008). Trong nc gii kht khng hoc cung cp t calo c tc dng ci thin cm quan sn phm khi cho vo ming v che i cc hng v khng mong mun. Gi c ti lu hn cho bnh, bt mm hn. Trong ko Chewing-gum c tc dng ci thin trong ch bin, lm the mt, to kt cu v khng ht m nn tng thi hn s dng. Ko tan chy trong ming to hng v the mt d chu v hot ng tt vi maltitol kim sot c hin tng kt tinh to bng b mt.

SV: ON TH KIM NH

trang 11

Tiu lun CNSX NG-BNH-KO

GVHD: H XUN HNG

2. Isomalt (C12H24O11) c im L mt polyol disaccharide pht hin vo nhng nm 1960, c lm t sucrose v trng ging nh ng n. hng c d v nh mt s loi ng nhn to. Tinh th mu trng v khng mi, ngt ca Isomalt khong 45-60% so vi sucrose (100%) v ph thuc vo nhit , nng v hnh thc ca sn phm s dng. Cha 2,0 calo mi gram.

Isomalt c hot ng trong nc rt thp. Ti 25C Isomalt hu nh khng hp th nc ln n m tng i 85%. Hn na, Isomalt bt u hp th nc cho n khi nhit t 60C ti m tng i 75% hoc 80 C 65% . m k rt nh c ngha l Isomalt c th c phn b v lu tr mt cch d dng. Hn na, iu ny gii thch l do ti sao sn phm nh,ko cng c xu hng l khng dnh vo nhau v c hn s dng di hn v c tnh ha tan thp.

Hnh: ng ng nhit ca Isomalt-ST ba nhit (25, 60, v 80 C) vi lng nc hp th (kg nc / kg Isomalt)

Qu trnh sn xut isomalt gm hai bc t sucrose. u tin, s dng nhiu loi enzim sp xp li cc lin kt gia glucose v fructose trong sucrose. Bc th hai, hai hydrogens c thm vo oxy trong phn fructose ca disaccharide. Khong mt na phn fructose ca disaccharide ban u c chuyn i thnh mannitol v khong mt na cn li ca fructose c chuyn i thnh sorbitol. V vy, Isomalt c cha hai ru disaccharide khc nhau: gluco-

SV: ON TH KIM NH

trang 12

Tiu lun CNSX NG-BNH-KO

GVHD: H XUN HNG

mannitol (GPM) v gluco-sorbitol (GPS). Nhng thay i cu trc trong phn t xy ra qua cc bc lm cho Isomalt n nh hn v mt ha hc so vi sucrose.

Hnh Sn xut Isomalt t sucrose. Cc sn phm trung gian c gi l isomal-tulose hoc palatinose
Li ch Thc t l cc enzyme trong rut khng c kh nng thy phn disaccharide c tnh n nh. Khng hp thu t rut non vo mu v nu c th cng din ra t t. Trung tm h tr Y t Gut: khuyn rng hng ngy ung 30 g Isomalt c th thc y s gia tng ca vi khun tt do cung cpprebiotic trong rut gi. Isomalt cung cp nhiu li ch trong vic ci thin ch n ung gip ch cho vic n king vi nng lng cung cp va phi gip cho con ngi c th thng cc thc mn trng ming yu thch, ko, v cc thc n ngt khc trong ba n chnh hoc n nh. ng dng ca Isomalt trong thc phm v trong cng ngh sn xut ko C th c s dng trong bnh ko, kem nh rng, mt v thch, ung v cc sn phm nng. Hot ng tt khi phi hp vi cc cht ngt khc. Bn cnh cc c im n nh cu trc v khi lng, khng tham gia phn ng caramen nhit cao hoc khng b phn ct v vy n c s dng ch yu trong cc sn phm c cng on luc, nng hoc s dng nhit cao khi ch bin. Isomalt hp th nc rt t iu ny c ngha rt ln vi bnh ko, v d c th s dng trong ko m khng cn nghim ngt trong vic bao gi, thun tin khi s dng, hp dn ngi tiu dng v gp phn bo v mi trng v khng ht m nn ko di c hn s dng. Isomalt tng hng v trong thc phm, n ha tan t t trong ming nn v ngt trong bnh ko s ko di lu hn. Isomalt khng "lm the mt" nh mt s polyols khc. Thuc tnh rt tt khi p dng cho bnh ko, s-c-la, cc sn phm nng v cc ng dng trong vic to hng v nh ko tri cy, c ph. Isomalt thng c s dng kt hp vi cht lm ngt c ngt cao, c th b sung cho sn phm vi s lng ln to kt cu v v ngt nh, khi s dng kt hp th s lm gim d v cay, ng ca mt s cht lm ngt cng cao khc. Isomalt c s dng ti Hoa K trong nhiu nm trong cc sn phm nh ko cng, ko cao su, s-c-la, bnh nng, gim ho v trong ko ngm. Rt thng dng chu u, k t u

SV: ON TH KIM NH

trang 13

Tiu lun CNSX NG-BNH-KO

GVHD: H XUN HNG

nhng nm 1980 v hin ang c s dng trong nhiu loi sn phm ti hn 70 quc gia trn ton th gii. Trong ko Ko cng: isomalt chng li s ht m, hn hp isomalt v maltitol syrup gip ci thin kh nng lm tng nht. c th c khun hoc c do nhit nng chy cao m vn

khng tham gia phn ng cramen v maillar. Ko cng s c hn s dng lu hn nu c bo qun trong iu kin bao b kn, trnh s ht m sau thi gian di. C ng dng trong lp ph cng hay mm trong ko nh ko s-c-la. Ko cao su: c th c sn xut vi Isomalt dng bt mn. ha tan chm to cho sn phm c kt cu mm mi mt m hn. Nu trong ko ch cha 10-15% isomalt th vn c tc dng ko di hng v vho sn phm.

3. Lactitol (C12H24O11) c im

Disaccharide polyol (alpha(1-4)-glucosylsorbibtol)c ngun gc t lactose. Dng tinh th mu trng, v ngt thanh v khng c d v, v ngt tng khi nng ca lactitol tng trong thc phm. ngt khong 30-40% so vi sucrose. Chu c nhit cao v c th thay th cht bo. c pht hin vo nm 1920, n ln u tin c s dng trong thc phm trong nm 1980. V ngt nh nn thng s dng kt hp vi mt s cht ngt hm lng calo thp, chng hn nh Acesulfame K, aspartam, neotame, saccharin v sucralose. Lactitol tn ti dng tinh th bt mu trng. Lactitol c sn xut bng cch gim phn ng lactose Disacarit. Khng ging nh s trao i cht ca lactose hay s thy phn bi lactase. Cc axit hu c c tip tc chuyn ha nn mi em li 2 calo mi gram Li ch Gip ci thin sc khe ng rut: N khng b thy phn v cng khng b hp th trong rut non. Lactitol c chuyn ha bi vi khun trong rut gi, n s c chuyn thnh sinh khi cho vi khun, cc axit hu c, carbon dioxide v mt s lng nh hydro do c tc dng

SV: ON TH KIM NH

trang 14

Tiu lun CNSX NG-BNH-KO

GVHD: H XUN HNG

c li trn cc vi i trng. Gim pH ca i trng, cng vi s gia tng vi khun probiotic vai tr nh prebiotic v gim ng k cc tc nhn gy bnh tim nng. ng dng ca Lactitol trong thc phm v trong cng ngh sn xut ko Do tnh ha tan, n nh v hng v tng t nh sucrose, lactitol c th c s dng trong mt lot cc hm lng calo thp, cht bo thp hoc thay th ng trong thc phm nh kem, s c la, ko cng v mm, bnh nng, chewing-gum v cc cht thay th ng. ng dng trong thc phm bao gm nh: bnh nng, ko cao su, ko cng v ko do, mn trng ming, sa ng lnh v hn hp ko, mt v thch. FDA cho php s dng v c ph duyt ti nhiu nc bao gm c Lin minh chu u (EU), Canada, Nht Bn, Israel v Thy S., trong c M. Trong ko Lactitol khng ht m, c ngha l n s khng hp th hi nc vo sn phm, nhit nng chy cao, gim hin tng kt tinh ng, duy tr c gi tr dinh dng v ko di thi hn s dng ko v ko cao su. N cng c kh nng ha tan tng t nh glucose, n nh trong iu kin acid v kim di nhit cao trong ch bin thc phm. Ko cao su: cng c mc ch ngn nga su rng. Lactitol ng vai tr nh lp ph ko to

cu trc linh hot hn, vi ht m thp nht. Thismakes lactitol cn hp cht tuyt vi. Ht m thp trong nhn tui th, cm gic the mt trong ming.

4. Maltitol (C6H14O6) c im Polyol disaccharide sn xut theo phng php hydro ha t maltose dissaccharide, thu c bng cch dng enzymatic hydrolysic t dng tinh bt tinh khit. Maltitol thng dng trn th trng c th l dng tinh th bt hay dng syrup. C nhiu trong t nhin(v d, trong mch nha v rau dip xon). V ngt tng t sucrose Khong 0,9 ln (90%) ngt so vi sucrose v cung cp 2,1 calo mi gram. Li ch Maltitol c hng v tt, cung cp t calo, c tnh linh hot v mc ngt cao so vi hu ht cc polyols khc to iu kin s dng ca n trong nhiu loi sn phm. Cng nh polyols khc, maltitol c tc dng nhun trng khi tiu th mc rt cao (> 100 gram mi ngy). ng dng ca Maltitol trong thc phm v trong cng ngh sn xut ko c s dng rt thng dng trn ton th gii. Ging nh polyols khc khng tham gia phn ng maillar hoc caramelize nh ng. Maltitol c ngt cao nn n c th c s dng mt mnh m khng cn kt hp vi cc cht ngt khc. Tc dng lm the mt khng ng k trong

SV: ON TH KIM NH

trang 15

Tiu lun CNSX NG-BNH-KO

GVHD: H XUN HNG

ming so vi cc polyols khc. Mc d maltitol thng c s dng thay th ng trong sn xut thc phm khng ng, n cng c th c s dng thay th cht bo nh trong kt cu kem. Hu ch trong vic sn xut cc sn phm c hm lng calo thp, t cht bo v ng trong thc phm khng ng. Thch hp cho nhiu loi bnh ko v lp ph ko. Maltitol thng ng dngtrong vic sn xut cc loi ko, ko cng khng ng, ko cao su, bnh nng v kem c bit ng dng tt trong sn xut s-c-la khng ng. Maltitol dng tinh th, ht m thp, nhit nng chy cao v n nh cho php n thay th sucrose trong lp ph s-c-la cht lng cao, bnh m, bnh, ko s c la v kem. S dng cc maltitol nh mt cht ph gia, cht gi m, cht lm ngt dinh dng, h tr ch bin, n nh to cu trc v l cht lm to nht b mt. Liu lng s dng maltitol thay th ng mc cao nh: 99,5% trong ko cng v thuc gim ho, 99% trong sn phm thay th ng, 85% trong ko mm, 75% trong ko cao su, 55% trong mt v thch v 30% trong bnh cookie v bnh xp. Trong ko Maltitol powder: scla, ko cao su, cc sn phm bnh c tc dng nh thay th ng do c ngt cao, ht m, lp ph cng bn ngoi sn phm. Maltitol syrup: ko cng v mm, ko cao su, thch, kem, sn phm bnh, Jam vi mc ch Thay th chc nng ca ng v xi-r glucose trong mt lot cc sn phm cha ng dnh cho ngi b bnh tiu ng

5. Mannitol C6H14O6 (D-Mannitol)(2R,3R,4R,5R)-Hexan-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol

c im Manitol l ng phn ca sorbitol, Manitol khc sorbitol ti nguyn t carbon C2 , nhng iu ny lm thay i thuc tnh ca n ng k. L mt chui m hexahydric polyol. c sn xut bi hydrogenetion ca fructose. Manitol dng trn th trng dng tinh th bt hay dng ht. Do kh nng ht m thp nn mannitol thng c s dng nh mt loi bt bo v sn phm chng li s ht m. Manitol ngt 50% so vi sucrose. N c tc dng lm mt trong ming.

SV: ON TH KIM NH

trang 16

Tiu lun CNSX NG-BNH-KO

GVHD: H XUN HNG

Manitol khng c hp th hiu qu bi c th, v n ch c mt phn chuyn ha. Gi tr calo ca n ph thuc vo nhiu yu t. Ti M, manitol c ghi nhn cung cp 1,6 calo mi gam, Lin minh chu u th 2,4 calo mi gram. Manitol hot ng tt hn khi kt hp vi cc thnh phn v cht ngt khc. Li ch Manitol c trong t nhin nh: nm, to bin, v dch tit t cy. Tiu th qu nhiu (> 20 g / ngy) c th c tc dng nhun trng. Manitol rt tt cho tiu ha, an ton v c s dng trn ton th gii trong hn 60 nm ng dng ca Mannitol trong thc phm v trong cng ngh sn xut ko Trong ko C tc dng lm the mt thng c s dng che i mi v cay ng ca cc d v ngt khc. c s dng trong thc phm dng bt ph v lm mm cho ko cao su bo v thit b khi b bm dnh ca ko. Khng ging nh sorbitol, mannitol khng lin kt tt vi nc nn thng c s dng nh cht gi m l nonhygroscopic (khng nhn m). V l do ny, n thng c s dng nh mt loi bt ph bn ngoi ko cao su ngn chn ko cao su dnh vo thit b sn xut v giy gi. Do nhit nng chy cao (165-169o C), mannitol cng c s dng nh cht ph s-c-la v kem v mt s loi ko. N c hng v d chu, rt n nh v khng mt mu nhit cao, rt l tng cho vic s dng trong dc phm v thuc vin dinh dng.

6. Sorbitol (C6H14O6)(2S,3R,4R,5R)-Hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol Tn gi khc: D-glucitol; D-Sorbitol; Sorbogem; Sorbo

c im Mt nh ha hc ngi Php u tin pht hin ra sorbitol vo nm 1872. N c nhiu trong t nhin nh trong cc loi tri cy v qu chn. Hin nay n c sn xut thng mi bng hydro ha ca glucose v c c hai hnh thc l dng lng v tinh th. L polyol c s dng ph bin nht c ngun gc t feom monosaccharideglucose (dextrose). l mt chui m hexahydric polyol c nhiu trong cc loi bt cng c dung dch ging nh dng syrup, cha mt lng nh cc oligosaccharides hydrogenated. L mt polyol monosaccharide c v ngt thanh khong 50-70% ngt so vi sucrose. Sorbitol c ch hp th mt phn c bi c th, v s hp th ca n kh chm. Hp th sorbitol c th c chuyn i thnh glucose nhng khng hiu qu. Gi tr calo ca n ph

SV: ON TH KIM NH

trang 17

Tiu lun CNSX NG-BNH-KO

GVHD: H XUN HNG

thuc vo nhiu yu t. Ti M, sorbitol c ghi nhn cung cp 2.6 calo mi gam cn ti Lin minh chu u th 2,4 calo mi gram. Sorbitol thng c sn xut bi phng php hydro ha t glucose Sorbitol c tm thy trong t nhin mt s tri cy, bao gm to, l, mn. Khng hp thu c sorbitol c th gy ra mt s ri lon h thng tiu ha bao gm hin tng yv tiu chy. Li ch Sorbitol rt an ton v c s dng trong ch bin thc phm trong gn na th k qua. c s dng trong thc phm c ch n ung c bit bao gm c bnh ko v kem nh rng. Tiu th qu nhiu (hn 50-80 g / ngy) c th c tc dng nhun trng. FDA cho php s dng l 2,6 calo mi gram. c php s dng nhiu nc, trong c M ng dng ca Sorbitol trong thc phm v trong cng ngh sn xut ko Sorbitol gn ging nh sucrose trong cc h thng thc phm, c th kt hp vi cc thnh phn ng khc trong sn xut. Ngoi vic cung cp v ngt to cm gic the mt d chu, m cn l mt cht gi m tt nhm ko di tui th ca sn phm thc phm. N cng c s dng trong cc sn phm khc, chng hn nh dc phm v m phm. Sorbitol c s dng nh mt cht gi m trong nhiu loi sn phm bo v chng li s tch m v hin tng hi ng. Cc c tnh m n nh v kt cu sn phm ca sorbitol c s dng trong sn xut bnh ko, bnh nng v s c la, sn phm c bo qun kh, cng. To m n nh nn c tc ng bo v cc sn phm ny khng b kh v duy tr ti nh ban u trong thi gian lu tr. Sorbitol l rt n nh v khng phn ng ha hc. N c th chu c nhit cao v khng tham gia trong phn ng Maillard (mu nu). y l mt li th, v d, trong sn xut ca cc loi bnh cookie mong mun cn gi mu sc ti v khng c s xut hin ca mu nu. Sorbitol cng kt hp tt vi cc thnh phn thc phm khc nh ng, cc cht to keo, protein v cht bo thc vt. N hot ng tt trong nhiu sn phm thc phm nh ko cao su, ko, cc mn trng ming ng lnh, bnh quy, bnh ngt, cc cht hn cng nh cc sn phm chm sc rng ming, bao gm c kem nh rng v nc sc ming. Trong ko Thng s dng trong ko cao su (khong 50-55%) s dng to v ngt dng tinh th th c tc dng to cm gic the ming v mm mi cho ko, cng thng kt hp vi cc hng bc h, qu v hng tri cy hay dng syrup c ng dng nh lp ph bn ngoi c tc dng gi m ko di thi gian bo qun.

Ko cng hay ko khng ng c s dng to hng v the mt, trnh hin tng caramen, v kh nng gim kt tinh ng.

7. XYLITOL(C5H12O5)(2R,4S)-Pentane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol; 1,2,3,4,5-Pentahydroxypentane; Xylite

SV: ON TH KIM NH

trang 18

Tiu lun CNSX NG-BNH-KO

GVHD: H XUN HNG

c im Xylitol l Polyol monosaccharide, mt ru pentahydric thng c sn xut bi hydro xylose c ngun gc t cc hemicelluloses trong cc loi nh cy bch dng, v hnh nhn v ng. Xylitol l dng tinh th bt mu trng khng mi, vi hng v ngt d chu. N c s dng ngy cng ph bin nh l mt cht lm ngt thay th do n c vai tr trong vic lm gim s pht trin ca su rng. c pht hin vo nm 1891 bi nh ha hc ngi c Emil Fischer, xylitol c s dng nh mt cht lm ngt trong thc phm ca con ngi t nhng nm 1960. Xylitol l mt ru ng (hoc polyol) mt cht c nhiu nhm hydoxyl (ru) nh carbohydrate. Xylitol cung cp khong 2,4 calo mi gram, ging nh ng. Nhng n ch c mt phn b hp th v chuyn ha. S lng c hp th c th khc nhau ty thuc vo s lng tiu th v ph thuc vo s khc bit ca mi c th. Xylitol c v ngt v ngt tng t nh sucrose vi 1/3 calo v khng c d v kh chu. N nhanh chng ha tan v to ra mt cm gic lm mt trong ming. Xylitol lm n nh pH trong thc phm, n cng lm n nh nhit v ha tan rt nhiu trong nc (64,2 g/100 ml). Ln u tin c sn xut s dng trong thc phm l Phn Lan v t cy bch dng. N c sn xut thng mi t cc ngun nh thn cy ng v ma. Xylitol c t nhin trong tri cy v rau qu nh qu mm xi, mn, rau dip, c rt, du ty v thm ch c th c sn sinh bi c th con ngi trong qu trnh trao i cht bnh thng. Thng c Sn xut t cc loi nh cy bch dng v g cng, thc vt cha x. Li ch Tng kh nng tit nc bt h tr trong vic gim s h hi men rng. Trong cc th nghim lm sng v nhiu lnh vc nghin cu, tiu th xylitol gia cc ba n s lm hn ch s hnh thnh su rng ng k, ngay c khi lm tt vic v sinh rng ming chng ta vn c th b vi khun ming tn cng n rng. N c ch s tng trng ca S. mutans, vi khun ch yu lin quan n su rng c cng nhn bi Hip hi Nha Khoa Hoa K. Vi khun trong ming thng s dng ng glucan khng ha tan rt c hi cho rng, sn xut axit c th ha tan canxi v phosphate trong men rng. Xylitol khng c li cho vi khun, do , n lm chm s tng trng ca vi khun v c ch s sn xut axit. N ngn chn kt dnh, hoc lm gim sn xut polisacarit khng ha tan nn ngn nga s bm dnh ca polisacarit. Cui cng, khi c s dng trong ko cao su xylitol kch thch dng chy nc bt, v tng lu lng nc bt. Trong mt nghin cu hai nm tin hnh ti Trung tm Y t Ylivieska Phn Lan, tr em trong tui 11-12 tiu th 7 n 10g hng ngy trong ko cao su xylitol cho thy gim 30 60% vn su rng so vi nhm khng nhai ko cao su. Gim vic gia tng mng bm rng: Nghin cu gn y ti Trng Nha khoa ca trng i hc Michigan v Indiana th nghim tc dng ca hn hp xylitol / sorbitol trong ko cao su

SV: ON TH KIM NH

trang 19

Tiu lun CNSX NG-BNH-KO

GVHD: H XUN HNG

v bc h trn mng bm. Do tng kh nng tit nc bt gip lm sch v bo v rng khi b su. Xylitol c hp th bng cch khuch tn th ng (hu ht cc loi ng c vn chuyn ch ng vo c th). Do n c hp th chm hn, v khng hon ton. iu ny c th l mt li th v vic gim calo, nhng n c th gy ra tc dng ph nu c tiu th vi s lng ln (trn 50 gram). Th nht, vi khun trong rut kt c th ln men xylitol, sinh kh v axit. Th hai, cc axit v xylitol cc khng tiu ha c c th a nc vo rut gi, dn n tiu chy. Theo thi gian, nhng ngi tiu th mt s lng ln xylitol trong rut c th pht trin qun th vi khun khc nhau thch ng vi nhng hiu ng ny. ng dng ca XYLITOL trong thc phm v trong cng ngh sn xut ko Kt hp xylitol vi polyols khc (v d nh, sorbitol) v cc cht lm ngt c cng cao c c ngt ph hp hoc b sung vi nhiu chc nng khc. Xylitol c ph duyt s dng an ton trong thc phm, dc phm v cc sn phm chm sc sc khe rng ming ti hn 35 quc gia. Xylitol c s dng trong thc phm nh ko cao su, ko cng, v trong dc phm v cc sn phm bo v sc khe rng ming nh ko ngm, xi-r ho, ko cao su dnh cho tr em, kem nh rng v nc sc ming. Ti Hoa K, xylitol c chp thun nh l mt ph gia thc phm trc tip s dng trong thc phm trong ch n ung c bit. Trong ko

Thng s dng ph bin (<50% xylitol) trong ko cao su do ngn nga c hin tng su rng nh s dng dng tinh th xylitol vi mc ch tng tnh ngt v the mt trong ming.

8. Hydrogenated Starch Hydrolysates (HSH) c im Mt hn hp ca sorbitol, cc oligosaccharides maltitol. Cn c gi l xi-r maltitol xi-r sorbitol hay xi-r glucose n cng c kh nng to mi v, mu v c vai tr nh enzyme ging ng sucrose, sn xut bng phng php hydro ha. HSH c tm thy ti mt cng ty Thy in nm 1960 v c s dng rng ri trong thc phm t lu, c bit l trong cc sn phm bnh ko. Ty thuc vo loi HSH mong mun th t l phi trn ca maltitol v sorbitol c th c thay i, ngt ca HSH thay i t 25 n 50% so vi sucrose HSH l cht ngt dinh dng cung cp t 40 n 90% ngt so vi ng. Cung cp 3,0 calo/ gram. HSH c sn xut bi qu trnh thy phn mt phn ca tinh bt ng, la m hoc khoai ty v hydro ha nhit cao di p lc, bao gm xi-r glucose hydrogenated, xi-r maltitol v xi-r sorbitol l nhng cht thng thy trong cc sn phm thc phm. Bng cch thay i iu kin phn ng v mc thy phn, c th c thu c cc mono-, di-, oligo- (sorbitol, maltitol) v cc saccharides cao phn t (maltitriitol v mt s cht khc). HSH khng tham gia phn ng Maillard (mu nu) nhit cao nn vn gi ngt m khng bin mu.

SV: ON TH KIM NH

trang 20

Tiu lun CNSX NG-BNH-KO

GVHD: H XUN HNG

ng dng ca Hydrogenated Starch trong thc phm v trong cng ngh sn xut ko HSH thng s dng kt hp vi cc cht ngt c hm lng calo thp (v d, Acesulfame K, aspartam, neotame, saccharin v sucralose) c c ngt theo yu cu v c th gim i d v kh chu ca mt s loi ng nhn to. ng vai tr quan trng trong mt s chc nng nh thay th vi s lng ln cho ng, to nht , thc phm hay thuc gim cn, cht gi mHSH l cht gi m tt v chng hin tng kt tinh ng, c s dng ph bin trong thc n hng ngy ca ngi tiu dng v c ng dng nhiu trong cc sn phm ko do, ko cng, ko cao su, bnh nng, chocolate, kem nh rng v nc sc ming. Trong ko Ko cng s dng HSH cn c ng gi khi cn m trong bao b trnh ht m. Trong qu trnh sn xut, khi nhit si 160 C iu kin chn khng t c m t hn 1% (gim m ti mc ti a). Ngoi ra, hng v c thm vo ko khi s dng HSH phi l dng dung dch. Trong ko cha ng sucroza th ng ly m trn b mt ko dn n ng s kt tinh trn mt ko v th phi cch ly vi mi trng bn ngoi. Tuy nhin v HSH khng kt tinh, m lp b mt cao gy ra mt lp dnh tng kh nng ha tan ca cc cht n n hin tng chy v vy m HSH khng c s dng thay th ng trong s-c-la hoc dng vin p, m s l c im gy bt li cho sn phm. Ko cao su: do c kh nng chng hin tng hi ng nn HSH cng c s dng thay th ng.

SV: ON TH KIM NH

trang 21

Tiu lun CNSX NG-BNH-KO

TI LIU THAM KHO

GVHD: H XUN HNG

1. F Voirol. Xylitol: Food applications of a noncariogenic sugar substitute. In: Healthand Sugar Substitutes. Basel: Verlag S Karger, 1979, p 130. 2. JN Counsel. Xylitol. London: Applied Science Publishers, 1978, p 7. 3. FR Benson. Alcohols, polyhydric (sugar). In: Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemi-cal Technology, 3rd ed. Vol. 1., 1978, p 754.9. H Bollinger. Palatinit (Isomalt)-a caloriereduced sugar substitute. Translated fromGerman. Gordian (May):92, 1987 4. SC Ziesentiz, G Siebert. Polyols and other bulk sweeteners. In: TH Grenby, ed.Developments in Sweeteners3. London and New York: Elsevier-Applied SciencePublishers, 1987, pp 109149. 5. J Karrer, Buchi. Reduktionsprodukte von Disacchariden: Maltit, Lactit, Cellobit.Helvetica Chim Acta 20:8690, 1937. 6. JA van Velthuijsen. Food additives derived from lactose: lactitol and lactitolpalmi-tate. J Agric Food Chem 27:680686, 1979. 7. CF Wijnman, JA van Velthuijsen, H van den Berg. Lactitol monohydrate and amethod for the production of crystalline lactitol. European Patent 39981, 1983. 8. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyol 9. http://www.google.com.vn/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=6&ved=0CHs QFjAF&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.polyolseu.com%2Ffiles%2FPublication.pdf&ei=ymCuT8LEcapiAeHtuj6CA&usg=AFQjCNEZt3eFK0OhXakTptM359i2vV_ssA&sig2=Q6KMBb i3uLdbPjW9o5adVg 10. http://www.google.com.vn/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CG8 QFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.basf.us%2Furethanechemicals%2FSpecialty_Syste ms%2Fpdfs%2Fpolyolhandbook.pdf&ei=ymCuT8LEcapiAeHtuj6CA&usg=AFQjCNHwrNuCkiASFBL55HuUIl129VWDFg&sig2=9LS5N qi9X1ifyLCB9eoMOA 11. http://www.polyol.org/ 12. http://www.sweetenerbook.com/index.html 13. http://www.ehow.com/about_5544369_erythritol-health-dangers.html 14. https://www.google.com.vn/search?um=1&hl=vi&newwindow=1&q=polyols%20in%20c andy&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.r_qf.,cf.osb&biw=1280&bih=656&ie=UTF8&sa=N&tab=iw&ei=Wd21T4uSDKTnmAWb2vSfCQ 15. http://www.scribd.com/doc/83529042/2/Hydrogenated-Starch-Hydrolysates-and-MaltitolSyrups 16. http://www.polyol.org/oral_health_benefits.html 17. http://www.sorbee.com/How-are-sugar-replacers-polyols-used-differently-in-thebody.html 18. http://www.foodproductdesign.com/articles/2007/05/polyols-benefits-beyond-sweet-tastepart-1.aspx 19. http://books.google.com.vn/books?id=_UkSoDwCN80C&pg=PA65&lpg=PA65&dq=clas sification+of+polyols&source=bl&ots=5XiV_N0A1L&sig=pCVXpjmrCigqLHmXfvEiK QE_FNE&hl=vi&sa=X&ei=ZHSmT_J5p7qJB7i7nLsD&ved=0CHUQ6AEwCQ#v=onep age&q=classification%20of%20polyols&f=false 20. http://www.cargill.com/food/emea/en/products/sweeteners/polyols/c-isomaltidex-

isomalt/functional-properties/stability/index.jsp SV: ON TH KIM NH trang 22