Chuyn

LNG GIC
Phn 1: CNG THC
1. H thc LG c bn
2 2
2
2
sin cos 1
sin
tan
cos 2
1
tan 1
2 cos
k
k

+
_
+

,
_
+ +

,
( )
( )
2
2
tan .cot 1
cos
cot
sin
1
cot 1
sin
k
k

+
2. Cng thc LG thng gp
Cng thc cng:
( )
( )
( )
sin sinacosb sinbcosa
cos cos a cos b sinasinb
tan tan
tan b
1 tan tan
a b
a b
a b
a
a b
t t
t
t
t
m
m
Cng thc nhn:
2 2 2 2
3
3
3
2
sin 2 2sin .cos
cos 2 cos sin 2cos 1 1 2sin
cos3 4cos 3cos
sin3 3sin 4sin
3tan tan
tan3 =
1 3tan
a a a
a a a a a
a a a
a a a
a a
a
a

Tch thnh tng: cosa.cosb =

1
2
[cos(ab)+cos(a+b)]
sina.sinb =
1
2
[cos(ab)cos(a+b)]
sina.cosb =
1
2
[sin(ab)+sin(a+b)]
Tng thnh tch:
sin sin 2sin cos
2 2
a b a b
a b
+
+
sin sin 2cos sin
2 2
a b a b
a b
+

cos cos 2cos cos
2 2
a b a b
a b
+
+
cos cos 2sin sin
2 2
a b a b
a b
+

sin( )
tan tan
cos .cos
a b
a b
a b
t
t
Cng thc h bc: cos
2
a =
1
2
(1+cos2a)
sin
2
a =
1
2
(1cos2a)
Biu din cc hm s LG theo tan
2
a
t
Chuyn : LG
1
2
2 2 2
2 1- 2
sin ; cos ; tan .
1 1 1
t t t
a a a
t t t

+ +
3. Phng trng LG c bn
* sinu=sinv
2
2
u v k
u v k

* cosu=cosvu=t v+k2
* tanu=tanv u=v+k * cotu=cotv u=v+k
( ) Z k
.
4. Mt s phng trnh LG thng gp
1. Phng trnh bc nht, bc hai i vi mt hm s lng gic:
a. Phng trnh bc nht i vi mt hm s lng gic: gii cc phng trnh ny ta dng cc
cng thc LG a phng trnh v phng trnh LG c bn.
b. Phng trnh bc hai i vi mt hm s lng gic: l nhng phng trnh c dng
a.sin
2
x+b.sinx+c=0 (hoc a.cos
2
x+b.cosx+c=0, a.tan
2
x+b.tanx+c=0, a.cot
2
x+b.cotx+c=0) gii cc phng
trnh ny ta t t bng hm s LG..
2. Phng trnh bc nht i vi sinx v cosx:
Dng: asinx+bcosx=c. iu kin phng trnh c nghim l
2 2 2
a b c + .
C ch 1: Chia hai v phng trnh cho a ri t tan
b
a
, ta c: sinx+tancosx= cos
c
a

sinx
cos
+sin cosx= cos
c
a

sin(x+

)= cos
c
a

sin
at
.
C ch 2: Chia hai v phng trnh cho
2 2
a b +
, ta c:
2 2 2 2 2 2
sin cos
a b c
x x
a b a b a b
+
+ + +
t:
2 2 2 2
cos ; sin
a b
a b a b

+ +
. Khi phng trnh tng ng:
2 2
cos sin sin cos
c
x x
a b
+
+
hay
( )
2 2
sin sin
c
x
a b
+
+
at
.
Cch 3: t tan
2
x
t .
3. Phng trnh thun nht bc hai i vi sinx v cosx:
Dng: asin
2
x+bsinxcosx+ccos
2
x=0 (*).
Cch 1: + Kim tra nghim vi
2
x k

+ .
+ Gi s cosx 0: chia hai v phng trnh cho cos
2
x ta c: atan
2
x+btanx+c=0.
Ch :
2
2
1
tan 1
2 cos
x x k
x

_
+ +

,
Cch 2: p dng cng thc h bc.
4. Phng trnh i xng i vi sinx v cosx:
Dng: a(sinxt cosx)+ bsinxcosx=c.
Cch gii: t t= sinxt cosx. iu kin t 2 .

sin cos 2 sin 2 cos
4 4
sin cos 2 sin 2 cos
4 4
x x x x
x x x x


_ _
+ +

, ,
_ _
+

, ,
Lu y cac cong thc:
Chuyn : LG
2
Phn 2: PHNG TRNH LNG GIC KHNG MU MC
Phng php 1: Dng cc cng thc lng gic a v phng trnh dng tch.
V d 1. Gii phng tnh: sin
2
x + sin
2
3x = cos
2
2x + cos
2
4x (1).
Gii
Phng trnh (1) tng ng vi:
1 cos 2 1 cos 6 1 cos 4 1 cos8
2 2 2 2
x x x x + +
+ +
cos2x+cos4x+cos6x+cos8x = 0
2cos5xcosx+2cos5xcos3x = 0
2cos5x(cos3x+cosx) = 0
4cos5x.cos2x.cosx = 0
5
10 5 2
cos5 0
cos 2 0 2 , ( , , )
2 4 2
cos 0
2 2

k
x x k
x
l
x x k x k l n
x

x k x n

+ +

+ +

+ +

V d 2. Gii phng trnh: cos

6
x+sin
6
x = 2 ( cos
8
x+sin
8
x) (2).
Gii
Ta c (2) cos
6
x(2cos
2
x1) = sin
6
x(12sin
2
x)
cos2x(sin
6
xcos
6
x) = 0
cos2x(sin
2
xcos
2
x)(1+sin
2
x.cos
2
x) = 0
cos2x = 0

2 , ( )
2 4 2
k
x k x k + +
V d 3: Gii phng trnh:
6 3 4
8 2 cos 2 2 sin sin3 6 2 cos 1 0 x x x x +
(3).
Gii
Ta c:
3 3 3
2 2
2
(3) 2 2 cos (4cos 3cos ) 2 2 sin sin3 1 0
2cos .2cos cos3 2sin .2sin sin 3 2
(1 cos 2 )(cos 2 cos 4 ) (1 cos 2 )(cos 2 cos 4 ) 2
2(cos 2 cos 2 cos 4 ) 2
2
cos 2 (1 cos 4 )
2
2
cos 2 .cos 2
4
2
cos 2
2 8
x x x x x
x x x x x x x
x x x x x x
x x x
x x
x x

x x
+
+
+ + +
+
+

t , ( ) k k +
Phng php 2: t n ph a phng trnh lng gic v phng trnh i s:
V d 4. Gii phng trnh lng gic:
8 8
17
sin cos
32
x x + (4).
Gii
Ta c (4)
4 4
4 2
1 cos 2 1 cos 2 17 1 17
(cos 2 6cos 2 1)
2 2 32 8 32
x x
x x
+ _ _
+ + +

, ,
Chuyn : LG
3
t cos
2
2x = t, vi t[0; 1], ta c
2 2
1
17 13
2
6 1 6 0
13 4 4
2
t
t t t t
t

+ + +

V t[0;1], nn
2
1 1 cos 4 1 1
cos 2
2 2 2 2
x
t x
+

cos4x = 0
4 , ( )
2 8 4

x k x k k + +
V d 5. Gii phng trnh lng gic: 2sin
3
x cos2x + cosx = 0 (5)
Gii
Ta c (5) 2(1cos
2
x)sinx + 2 2 cos
2
x + cosx 1 = 0
(1cosx )[2(1 + cosx)sinx + 2(1 + cosx) 1] = 0
(1 cosx)(2sinx+ 2cosx + 2sinxcosx+1) = 0
cos 1 2 , ( )
2sin 2cos 2sin cos 1 0 (*)
x x k k
x x x x

+ + +

Gii (*): t sinx + cosx = t, iu kin | | 2 t , khi phng trnh (*) tr thnh:
2t + t
2
1 + 1 = 0 t
2
+ 2t = 0
0
sin - cos , ( )
2 ( 4
t

x x x n n
t lo

+

i)

Vy nghim ca phng trnh cho l:
4

x n + ;
2 , ( , ) x k n k
Phng php 3: Quy phng trnh lng gic v vic gii h phng trnh lng gic bng cch
nh gi, so snh, s dng bt ng thc.
V d 6. Gii phng trnh:
|sin |
cos
x
x (6).
Gii
iu kin: x 0
Do | sin | 0, x nn
|sin | 0
1
x

, m |cosx| 1.
Do
2 2 2
0
| sin | 0 , ( )
(6)
0
| cos | 1 , ( )
k n x k k n x x k k
x x n x n x x n n
+


' ' ' ' '

(V k, n Z). Vy phng trnh c nghim duy nht x = 0.

Phng php 4: S dng tnh cht hm s.
V d 7: (H S phm 2) Gii phng trnh:
2
1 cos
2
x
x .
Gii
t
2
( )=cos
2
x
f x x + . D thy f(x) = f(x), x , do f(x) l hm s chn v vy trc ht ta ch xt
vi x 0.
Ta c: f(x)=sinx+x, f(x) = cosx+1, x0 f(x) l hm ng bin, do f(x)f(0), vi x0 f(x) ng
bin vi x0 .
Mt khc ta thy f(0)=0, do x=0 l nghim duy nht ca phng trnh.
V d 8: (H Bch Khoa) Vi n l s t nhin bt k ln hn 2, tm x thuc khong
0;
2
_

,
tho mn
phng trnh:
2
2
sin cos 2
n
n n
x x

+
.
Gii
t f(x) = sin
n
x + cos
n
x, ta c : f(x) = ncosx.sin
n-1
x nsinx.cos
n-1
x.
= nsinx.cosx(sin
n-2
x cos
n-2
x)
Chuyn : LG
4
Lp bng bin thin ca f(x) trn khong
0;
2

_

,
, ta c minf(x) = f
4

_

,
=
2
2
2
n

Vy x =
4

l nghim duy nht ca phng trnh cho.

BI TP
Gii cc phng trnh sau:
1. cos
3
x+cos
2
x+2sinx2 = 0 (Hc Vin Ngn Hng) S: 2 ; 2
2
x k x n

+
2. tanx.sin
2
x2sin
2
x=3(cos2x+sinx.cosx) (H M a Cht)
HD: Chia hai v cho sin
2
x S: ; 2
4 3
x k x n

+ t +
3. 2sin3x(1/sinx)=2cos3x+ (1/cosx) (H Thng Mi)
S:
7
; ; .
4 4 12 12
x k x n x m

t + + +
4. |sinxcosx| + |sinx+cosx|=2 (H Quc Gia H Ni) S:
2
x k

.
5. 4(sin3xcos2x)=5(sinx1) (H Lut H Ni)
S: 2 ; 2 ; 2 ;
2
x k x n x l

+ + + vi
1
sin
4
.
6. sinx4sin
3
x+cosx =0 (H Y H Ni) S:
4
x k

+
.
7.
sin 3 sin 2 .sin
4 4
x x x

_ _
+

, ,
; (Hc Vin BCVT) S:
4 2
x k

+
8. sin
3
x.cos3x+cos
3
x.sin3x=sin
3
4x
HD: sin
2
x.sinx.cos3x+cos
2
x. cosx.sin3x=sin
3
4x S:
12
x k

.
9.
1 1 7
4sin
3 sin 4
sin
2
x
x
x

_
+

_ ,

,
S:
4
8
5
8
x k
x k
x k

10.
3 3 2 2
sin 3cos sin cos 3sin cos x x x x x x
HD: Chia hai v cho cos
3
x S: x =
3
k

+ ,
4
x k

t +
11. 2sinx(1+cos2x)+sin2x=1+2cosx
HD: a v cung x t tha s S:
2
2 ( )
4 3
x k x k k

+ t +
12. sin2x+cos2x=1+sinx3cosx (1).
Gii
(1) 2sinxcosx+2cos
2
x1=1+sinx3cosx.
2cos
2
x+(2sinxcosx+3cosx)sinx2=0.
2cos
2
x+(2sinx+3)cosx(sinx+2)=0.
t t=cosx, K
1 t
, ta c: 2t
2
+(2sinx+3)t(sinx+2)=0. =(2sinx+3)
2
+3.2.(sinx+2)=(2sinx+5)
2
.

( )
1
1
2 cos
2
sin - 2
t
x
t x

loai
(bit gii)
Chuyn : LG
5
13. 2sinx+cotx=2sin2x+1.
HD: Tng t cu a ta c phng trnh 2(12cosx)sin
2
xsinx+cosx=0.
t t=sinx, K
1 t
.
2(12cosx)t
2
t+cosx=0 =(4cosx1)
2
.
14. 1+sinx+cosx+sin2x+2cos2x=0.
HD: (1+ sin2x)+(sinx+cosx)+2cos2x=0.
(sinx+cosx)
2
+(sinx+cosx)+2(cos
2
xsin
2
x)=0.
(sinx+cosx)
2
+(sinx+cosx)+2(sinx+cosx)(sinxcosx)=0. t tha s, gii tip
15. Gii phng trnh lng gic:
( ) 2 cos sin
1
tan cot 2 cot 1
x x
x x x

+
Gii
iu kin:
( ) cos .sin 2 .sin . tan cot 2 0
cot 1
x x x x x
x
+

'

T (1) ta c:
( ) 2 cos sin
1 cos .sin 2
2 sin
sin cos 2 cos
cos
1
cos sin 2 sin
x x
x x
x
x x x
x
x x x

+
2sin .cos 2 sin x x x
( )
2
2
4
cos
2
2
4
x k
x k
x k

So vi iu kin, ta c h nghim ca phng trnh cho l ( ) 2

4
x k k

+
16. Gii phng trnh:
( )
4 4
sin cos 1
tan cot
sin 2 2
x x
x x
x
+
+
Gii
( )
4 4
sin cos 1
tan cot
sin 2 2
x x
x x
x
+
+ (1)
iu kin: sin 2 0 x
2
1
1 sin 2
1 sin cos
2
(1)
sin 2 2 cos sin
x
x x
x x x

_
+

,
2
2
1
1 sin 2
1 1
2
1 sin 2 1 sin 2 0
sin 2 sin 2 2
x
x x
x x

Vy phng trnh cho v nghim.
17. Gii phng trnh:
2 2
2sin 2sin tan
4
x x x
_


,
.
Gii
Pt
2 2
2sin 2sin tan
4
x x x
_


,
(cosx
) 0
2
1 cos 2 cos 2sin . cos sin
2
x x x x x
1
_

1
,
]

(1sin2x)(cosxsinx) = 0

sin2x = 1 hoc tanx = 1.

18. Gii phng trnh: ( )
( )
3
sin 2 cos 3 2 3 os 3 3 os2 8 3 cos sinx 3 3 0 x x c x c x x + +
.
Gii
3
2 3 2
sin 2 (cos 3) 2 3. cos 3 3.cos 2 8( 3.cos sin ) 3 3 0
2sin . cos 6sin .cos 2 3.cos 6 3 cos 3 3 8( 3.cos sin ) 3 3 0
x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x
+ +
+ + +
0 ) sin cos 3 ( 8 ) sin cos 3 ( cos . 6 ) sin cos 3 ( cos 2
2
+ x x x x x x x x
Chuyn : LG
6
2
2
( 3 cos sin )( 2cos 6cos 8) 0
tan 3
3 cos sin 0
cos 1
cos 3cos 4 0
cos 4 ( ai)
x x x x
x
x x
x
x x
x
+

lo
,
3
2
x k
k
x k

Z
19. Gii phng trnh: cosx=8sin
3
6
x

_
+

,
Gii
cosx=8sin
3
6
x

_
+

,

cosx =
( )
3
3sin cos x x +

3 2 2 3
3 3sin 9sin cos 3 3sin cos cos cos 0 x x x x x x x + + + (3)
Ta thy cosx = 0 khng l nghim
(3)
3 2
3 3 tan 8tan 3 3 tan 0 x x x + +
tan 0 x x k
20. Gii phng trnh lng gic:
( ) 2 cos sin
1
tan cot 2 cot 1
x x
x x x

+
Gii
iu kin:
( ) cos .sin 2 .sin . tan cot 2 0
cot 1
x x x x x
x
+

'

T (1) ta c:
( ) 2 cos sin
1 cos .sin 2
2 sin
sin cos 2 cos
cos
1
cos sin 2 sin
x x
x x
x
x x x
x
x x x

+
2sin .cos 2 sin x x x
( )
2
2
4
cos
2
2
4
x k
x k
x k

So vi iu kin, ta c h nghim ca phng trnh cho l ( ) 2

4
x k k

+ Z
21. Gii phng trnh:
cos 2 5 2(2 cos )(sin cos ) x x x x +
Gii
Phng trnh (cosxsinx)
2
4(cosxsinx) 5 = 0
cos sin 1
cos sin 5 ( cos sin 2)
x x
x x loai vi x x

( ) ( )
2
2 2 sin 1 sin sin ( )
4 4 4
2
x k
x x k Z
x k

22. Gii phng trnh: 2cos3x +

3
sinx + cosx = 0
Gii
3sin cos 2cos3 0 x x x + + sin
3

sinx + cos
3

cosx = cos3x.
Chuyn : LG
7
cos
cos3
3
x x

_


,
cos
cos( 3 )
3
x x

_


,

3 2
( )
3
k
x
k
x k

Z
x =
3 2
k
+
(kZ)
23. Gii phng trnh cos3xcos
3
x sin3xsin
3
x =
2 3 2
8
+
Gii
Ta c: cos3xcos
3
x sin3xsin
3
x =
2 3 2
8
+
cos3x(cos3x + 3cosx) sin3x(3sinx sin3x) =
2 3 2
8
+

( )
2 2
2 3 2
cos 3 sin 3 3 cos 3 cos sin 3 sin
2
x x x x x x
+
+ +
2
cos 4 ,
2 16 2
x x k k Z

t + .
24. nh m phng trnh sau c nghim
2
4sin3 sin 4cos 3 cos cos 2 0
4 4 4
x x x x x m

_ _ _
+ + + +

, , ,
Gii
Ta c:
* ( ) 4sin3 sin 2 cos 2 cos 4 x x x x
;
* ( ) 4cos 3 cos 2 cos 2 cos 4 2 sin 2 cos 4
4 4 2
x x x x x x
1
_ _ _
+ + +
1
, , , ]
* ( )
2
1 1
cos 2 1 cos 4 1 sin 4
4 2 2 2
x x x
_
_ _
+ + +

, , ,
Do phng trnh cho tng ng:
( )
1 1
2 cos 2 sin 2 sin 4 0 (1)
2 2
x x x m + + +
t
cos 2 sin 2 2 cos 2
4
t x x x

_
+

,
(iu kin:
2 2 t
).
Khi
2
sin 4 2sin 2 cos 2 1 x x x t . Phng trnh (1) tr thnh:
2
4 2 2 0 t t m + + (2) vi
2 2 t
2
(2) 4 2 2 t t m +
y l phung trnh honh giao im ca 2 ng
( ) : 2 2 D y m
(l ng song song vi Ox v ct
trc tung ti im c tung bng 2 2m v (P):
2
4 y t t + vi
2 2 t
.
x
2 2
y +
y
2 4 2 +
2 4 2
Trong on
2; 2
1

]
, hm s
2
4 y t t + t gi tr nh nht l
2 4 2
ti
2 t
v t gi tr ln
nht l
2 4 2 +
ti
2 t
.
Do yu cu ca bi ton tha mn khi v ch khi
2 4 2 2 2 2 4 2 m +
2 2 2 2 m
.
o0o
Chuyn : LG
8
PHNG TRNH LNG GIC
TRONG CC THI I HC T 2002 N 2009
KHI A
1. Tm nghim thuc khong (0;2) ca phng trnh:
cos 3 sin 3
5 sin cos 2 3
1 2sin 2
x x
x x
x
+ _
+ +

+
,
(Khi A_2002).
Gii
S:
5
;
3 3
x x

.
2. Gii phng trnh:
2
cos 2 1
cot 1 sin sin 2
1 tan 2
x
x x x
x
+
+
(Khi A_2003)
Gii
S: ( )
4
x k k

+ Z
3. Gii phng trnh:
2 2
cos 3 cos 2 cos 0 x x x (Khi A_2005)
Gii
Chuyn : LG
9
S: ( )
2
k
x k

Z
4. Gii phng trnh:
( )
6 6
2 cos sin sin cos
0
2 2sin
x x x x
x
+

(Khi A_2006)
Gii
S: ( )
5
2
4
x k k

+ Z
5. Gii phng trnh: ( ) ( )
2 2
1 sin cos 1 cos sin 1 sin 2 x x x x x + + + +
(Khi A_2007)
Gii
S: ( ) , 2 , 2
4 2
x k x k x k k

+ + Z
6.
1 1 7
4sin
3 sin 4
sin
2
x
x
x

_
+

_ ,

,
(Khi A_2008)
Gii
Chuyn : LG
10
S: ( )
5
, , ,
4 8 8
x k x k x k k



+ + + Z
7. Gii phng trnh:
( )
( ) ( )
1 2sin cos
3
1 2sin 1 sin
x x
x x

+
. (Khi A_2009)
Gii
S: ( )
2
,
18 3
x k k

+ Z
KHI B
8. Gii phng trnh
2 2 2 2
sin 3 cos 4 sin 5 cos 6 x x x x (Khi B_2002)
Gii
S: ( ) ; ,
9 2
x k x k k

Z
9. Gii phng trnh
2
cot tan 4sin 2
sin 2
x x x
x
+ (Khi B_2003)
Gii
Chuyn : LG
11
S: ( ) ,
3
x k k

t + Z
10. Gii phng trnh ( )
2
5sin 2 3 1 sin tan x x x
(Khi B_2004)
Gii
S: ( )
5
2 ; 2 ,
6 6
x k x k k

+ + Z
11. Gii phng trnh 1 sin cos sin 2 cos 2 0 x x x x + + + + (Khi B_2005)
Gii
S: ( )
2
2
3
x k k

t + Z
12. Gii phng trnh:
cot sin 1 tan tan 4
2
x
x x x
_
+ +

,
(Khi B_2006)
Gii
Chuyn : LG
12
S: ( )
5
; ,
12 12
x k x k k

+ + Z
13. Gii phng trnh:
2
2sin 2 sin 7 1 sin x x x + (Khi B_2007)
Gii
S: ( )
2 5 2
; ,
18 3 18 3
x k x k k

+ + Z
14. Gii phng trnh
3 3 2 2
sin 3 cos sin cos 3 sin cos x x x x x x (Khi B_2008)
Gii
S: ( ) ; ,
4 2 3
x k x k k

+ + Z
15. Gii phng trnh: ( )
3
sin cos sin 2 3 cos 3 2 cos 4 sin x x x x x x + + +
. (Khi B_2009)
Gii
S: ( )
2
, 2 ,
42 7 6
k
x x k k

+ Z
KHI D
Chuyn : LG
13
16. Tm x[0;14] cos3x4cos2x+3cosx4=0 (Khi D_2002)
Gii
S:
3 5 7
; ; ;
2 2 2 2
x x x x


17.
2 2 2
sin tan cos 0
2 4 2
x x
x
_


,
(Khi D_2003)
Gii
S: ( ) 2 , ,
4
x k x k k

+ + Z
18. Gii phng trnh ( ) ( ) 2cos 1 2sin cos sin 2 sin x x x x x +
(Khi D_2004)
Gii
S: ( ) 2 , ,
3 4
x k x k k

t + + Z
19. Gii phng trnh:
4 4
3
cos sin cos sin 3 0
4 4 2
x x x x
_ _
+ +

, ,
(Khi D_2005)
Gii
Chuyn : LG
14
S: ( ) ,
4
x k k

+ Z
20. Gii phng trnh: cos3x+cos2xcosx1=0 (Khi D_2006)
Gii
S: ( )
2
2 ,
3
x k k

t + Z
21. Gii phng trnh
2
sin cos 3 cos 2
2 2
x x
x
_
+ +

,
(Khi D_2007)
Gii
S: ( ) 2 , 2 ,
2 6
x k x k k

+ + Z
22. Gii phng trnh sin 3 3 cos 3 2sin 2 x x x (C_A_B_D_2008)
Gii
S: ( )
4 2
2 , ,
3 15 5
x k x k k

+ + Z
Chuyn : LG
15
23. Gii phng trnh 2sinx(1+cos2x)+sin2x=1+2cosx (Khi D_2008)
Gii
S: ( )
2
2 , ,
3 4
x k x k k

t + + Z
24. Gii phng trnh (1+2sinx)
2
cosx=1+sinx+cosx (C_A_B_D_2009)
Gii
S: ( )
5
, ,
12 12
x k x k k

+ + Z
25. Gii phng trnh 3 cos 5 2sin 3 cos 2 sin 0 x x x x (Khi D_2009)
Gii
S: ( ) , ,
18 3 6 2
x k x k k

+ + Z
Ht
Chuyn : LG
16