Trng THPT Cm L- Bc Giang- n thi i hc Chuyn To trong mt phng

CH : to trong mt phng
nm hc: 2010 - 2011
H v tn: Nguyn Vn Loan
T: Ton Tin
Trng THPTCm L
y l ti liu ca ti c tham kho ti liu ca cc
bn khc sau bin son li mong cc bn thng cm
nu thy s dng c cc bn ao v s dng nu
c iu chnh hay hn cho ti mt bn gi vo a
ch
<< loan1960cldh@gmail.com>> cho mnh tham
kho nh gi bn Word .
Ti cng mong mun cc bn gi bi ln <Bi ging>
nn gi bng Word hoc Excel-.. ao r s
dng khng nn dng BDF c v ch khoe v
c thi gian nh my li mt th th son
mi cn hay hn v hoc ti liu a ln ch
yu tham kho chng my ai dng y ht..
Mong cc bn ng h quan im ca ti.
Bn ny ti gi li ln 3 v bn phng?
Gio vin: Nguyn Vn Loan- Nm hc 2010 -2011 Ti liu lu hnh ni b
1
y
u
r
u
r
1
M
M
2
Trng THPT Cm L- Bc Giang- n thi i hc Chuyn To trong mt phng
CHUYN : PHNG PHP TA TRONG MT PHNG
A. L THUYT
I. Ta
1. H trc to Oxy gm ba trc Ox, Oy i mt vung gc vi nhau vi ba vect n v , i j
r ur

( )
1 i j
r r
.
2. ( ) ; u x u x y i y j +
uur ur r uur
; M(x;y)
1 2
OM OM OM xi y j + +
uuuuur r uur uuuuur uuuuur
3. Ta ca vect: cho ( ; ), ( '; ') u x y v x y
r r
a. '; ' u v x x y y
r r
b. ( ) '; ' u v x x y y t t t
r r
c. ( ; ) ku kx ky
r
d. . ' ' u v xx yy +
ur r
e. ' ' 0 u v xx yy +
r r
f.
2 2
u x y +
r
,
2 2
v x y +
r
g. ( )
cos ,
.
.

ur r
r r
r r
u v
u v
u v
.
4. Ta ca im: cho A(x
A
;y
A
), B(x
B
;y
B
)
a. ( ) ;
B A B A
AB x x y y
uuur
b.
( ) ( )
2 2
B A B A
AB x x y y +
c. G l trng tm tam gic ABC ta c:
GA GB GC O + +
uuur uuur uuur ur
,
3
OA OB OC
OG
+ +

uuur uuur uuur
uuur
x
G
=
3
A B C
x x x + +
; y
G
=
3
A B C
y y y + +
d. M chia AB theo t s k:
MA kMB
uuur uuur
;
1 1
A B A B
M M
x kx y ky
x y
k k



c bit: M l trung im ca AB: ; .
2 2
A B A B
M M
x x y y
x y
+ +

e) T gic ABCD l hnh bnh hnh AB DC
uuur uuur
h) Tnh cht ng phn gic:
Gi AD, AE ln lt l ng phn gic trong v ngoi ca gc A (D

BC; E

BC), ta c:
DB AB
AC DC

uuur
uuur ;
EB AB
AC EC

uuur
uuur
k) Din tich :
* Cong thc tnh dien tch tam giac ABC vi :
AB
uuur
= (x
1
;y
1
), AC
uuur
= ( x
2
;y
2
)
th S =
2
1
| x
1
y
2
x
2
y
1
|
* Cng thc khc:
1 1
sin ( )( )( )
2 2 4
a
abc
S ah ab C pr p p a p b p c
R

(Vi a, b, c l ba cnh,
a
h
l ng cao thuc cnh a,
1
( )
2
p a b c + + , R v r ln lt l bn
knh ng trn ngoi tip v ni tip ABC)
g/

u
cung phng vi
'

u

'
'
y y
x x
= xy xy = 0
Gio vin: Nguyn Vn Loan- Nm hc 2010 -2011 Ti liu lu hnh ni b
2
x o
i
r
j
r
M
Trng THPT Cm L- Bc Giang- n thi i hc Chuyn To trong mt phng
-A,B,C phn bit thng hng khi
1 1
2 2

x y
AB k AC
x y

uuur uuur
, vi
AB
uuur
= (x
1
;y
1
),
AC
uuur
= ( x
2
;y
2
), k
0
II. Phng trnh ng thng
1. Mt ng thng c xc nh khi bit mt im M(x
0
;y
0
) v mt vect php tuyn
( ) ; n A B
r
hoc mt vect ch phng ( ) ; u a b
r
ta c th chn ( ) ; u a B b A
r
*Phng trnh tng qut ( ) ( )
0 0
0 0 A x x B y y Ax By C + + +
.
*Phng trnh tham s:
0
0
x x at
y y bt
+
'
+

, ( ) t R
. ( )
0 0
( ) ; M M x at y bt + +
*Phng trnh ng thng qua M(x
0
;y
0
) c h s gc k: ( )
0 0
y k x x y +
.
* Phng trnh ng thng i qua hai im A(x
A
;y
A
), B(x
B
;y
B
):
A A
B A B A
x x y y
x x y y

2. Khong cch t mt im M(x
M
;y
M
) n mt ng thng :
0 Ax By C + +
l:
( )
2 2
,
M M
Ax By C
d M
A B
+ +

+
.
Hoc dng ng thng qua M vung gc ct ti H th ( ) , d M MH
3. V tr tng i ca hai ng thng.
Cho hai ng thng
0 :
0 :
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
+ +
+ +
c y b x a
c y b x a
xt v tr tng i ca hai ng thng
2 1
v ta xt s nghim ca h phng trnh

'

+ +
+ +
0
0
2 2 2
1 1 1
c y b x a
c y b x a
(I)
Ch : Nu a
2
b
2
c
2
0 th :
2
1
2
1
2
1
2 1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2 1
2
1
2
1
2 1
//
c
c
b
b
a
a
c
c
b
b
a
a
b
b
a
a



4. Gc gia hai ng thng.
*Gc gia hai ng thng
2 1
v ca (I) c VTPT

2 1
n v n
c tnh theo cng thc:
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
2 1 2 1
2 1
2 1
2 1 2 1
.
| |
| || |
| . |
) , cos( ) , cos(
b b a a
b b a a
n n
n n
n n
+ +
+




hoc tnh theo vc t ch phng thay
n
r

bng
u
r
* Gc gia hai ng thng:( ): y = k
1
x + b v ( ): y = k
2
x + b l:
tan
2 1
1 2
( ; ' )
1 .
k k
k k

+
(Cng thc tan)
Gio vin: Nguyn Vn Loan- Nm hc 2010 -2011 Ti liu lu hnh ni b
3
a
n

(C)
r

I
M
Trng THPT Cm L- Bc Giang- n thi i hc Chuyn To trong mt phng
III. Phng trnh ng trn
1. Mt ng trn c xc nh khi bit tm I(a;b) v bn knh r.
Phng trnh:
Dng 1: ( ) ( )
2 2
2
x a y b r + .
Dng 2:
2 2
2 2 0 x y ax by d + + , iu kin
2 2
0 a b d + > v
2 2
r a b d +
.Tm
I(a;b)
2. iu kin ng thng :
0 Ax By C + +
(1) tip xc vi ng trn (C) l:
( )
2 2
,
Aa Ba C
d I r
A B
+ +

+
i khi ta xt b= 0 thay xt trc tip v sau xt b 0 th ng thng (1) thnh
y kx b +
hoc
0 kx y b +
th bi ton n gin hn.
* Nu a
2
+ b
2
c = 0 th ch c mt im I(a ; b) tha mn phtr: x
2
+ y
2
- 2ax - 2by + c = 0
* Nu a
2
+ b
2
c < 0 th khng c im M(x ; y) no tha mn phtr: x
2
+ y
2
- 2ax - 2by + c = 0
2. Phng trnh tip tuyn ca ng trn ti M
0
.
Tip tuyn ti im M
0
(x
0
; y
0
) ca ng trn tm I(a ; b) c phng trnh: ( ) ; M x y

0
. 0
O
IM M M
uuuur uuuuuur
ta c (x x
0
) (x
0
a)+ (y y
0
) (y
0
b)= 0
hoc
0 0 0 0
( ) ( ) 0 x x y y a x x b y y c + + + +
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
0 0 0 0 0 0
.( ) 0 0 IM IM IM IM IM IM x a x a y b y b R +
uuuur
uuuur uuur uuuur uuuuruuur
IV. Ba ng conic
Elip
1. Phng trnh chnh tc:
2 2
2 2
1
x y
a b
+ , (a>b>0).
2. Cc yu t:
2 2 2
c a b , a> c>0.,a>b>0
Tiu c: F
1
F
2
=2c; di trc ln A
1
A
2
=2a di trc b B
1
B
2
=2b.
Hai tiu im ( ) ( )
1 2
; 0 , ; 0 F c F c
.
Bn nh: 2 nh trn trc ln ( ) ( )
1 2
; 0 , ; 0 A a A a
,
2 nh trn trc b ( ) ( )
1 2
0; , 0; B b B b
.
Tm sai: 1
c
e
a
<
Bn knh qua tiu im: M(
0 0
; x y
)thuc (E) th
1 1 0
2 2 0
MF r a ex
MF r a ex
+
'

3. iu kin ng thng Ax+By+C=0 tip xc vi elip l: A

2
a
2
+B
2
b
2
=C
2
. hoc dng iu kin
nghim kp ca ph trnh honh hoc tung giao im.
Hyperbol
1. Phng trnh chnh tc:
2 2
2 2
1
x y
a b
, (a> b>0).
Gio vin: Nguyn Vn Loan- Nm hc 2010 -2011 Ti liu lu hnh ni b
4
x
y
F
2
F
1
B
2
B
1
A
2
A
1
O
M
Trng THPT Cm L- Bc Giang- n thi i hc Chuyn To trong mt phng
2. Cc yu t:
2 2 2
c a b + , c>a>0.
Tiu c: F
1
F
2
=2c; di trc thc A
1
A
2
=2a di trc o B
1
B
2
=2b.
Hai tiu im ( ) ( )
1 2
; 0 , ; 0 F c F c
.
Hai nh: nh trn trc thc ( ) ( )
1 2
; 0 , ; 0 A a A a
,
Bn knh qua tiu im: M(
0 0
; x y
)thuc (H) :
0
x a
th
1 0
2 0
c
MF a x
a
c
MF a x
a

'

0
x a
th
1 0
2 0
c
MF a x
a
c
MF a x
a

'

hoc tng qut:

1 0
2 0
c
MF a x
a
c
MF a x
a

'

Hai ng tim cn:

b
y x
a
t
Tm sai: 1
c
e
a
>
3. iu kin ng thng Ax+By+C=0 tip xc vi hypebol l: A
2
a
2
B
2
b
2
=C
2
.
Parabol
1. Phng trnh chnh tc:
2
2 y px , (p>0 gi l tham s tiu).
2. Cc yu t:
Mt tiu im
; 0
2
p
F
_

,
, ng chun
2
p
x
B. BI TP C BN
Bi 1. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC vi A(1; -2), ng cao
: 1 0 CH x y +
, phn
gic trong
: 2 5 0 BN x y + +
.Tm to cc nh B,C v tnh din tch tam gic ABC
Hng dn:
+ Do AB CH nn AB:
1 0 x y + +
.
Gii h:
2 5 0
1 0
x y
x y
+ +
'
+ +

ta c (x; y)=(-4; 3).

Do :
( 4;3) AB BN B
.
+ Ly A i xng A qua BN th ' A BC .
- Phng trnh ng thng (d) qua A v
Vung gc vi BN l (d):
2 5 0 x y
.
Gi
( ) I d BN
. Gii h:
2 5 0
2 5 0
x y
x y
+ +
'

. Suy ra: I(-1; 3)

'( 3; 4) A
+ Phng trnh BC:
7 25 0 x y + +
. Gii h:
7 25 0
1 0
x y
x y
+ +
'
+

Suy ra:
13 9
( ; )
4 4
C .
Gio vin: Nguyn Vn Loan- Nm hc 2010 -2011 Ti liu lu hnh ni b
5
y=
b
a
x
y=-
b
a
x
B
1
B
2
A
2
F
2
A
1
F
1
O
y
x
B
2
F
2
y
x
O
B C
A
H
N
A B
I
Trng THPT Cm L- Bc Giang- n thi i hc Chuyn To trong mt phng
+
2 2
450
( 4 13/ 4) (3 9 / 4)
4
BC + + + ,
2 2
7.1 1( 2) 25
( ; ) 3 2
7 1
d A BC
+ +

+
.
Suy ra:
1 1 450 45
( ; ). .3 2. .
2 2 4 4
ABC
S d A BC BC
Bi 2 : Trong mt phng vi h trc to Oxy cho hnh ch nht ABCD
c din tch bng 12, tm I l giao im ca ng thng 0 3 :
1
y x d v
0 6 :
2
+ y x d . Trung im ca mt cnh l giao im ca d
1
vi trc Ox. Tm to
cc nh ca hnh ch nht.
Hng dn:
Ta c: I d d
2 1
. To ca I l nghim ca h:

'

'

+

2 / 3 y
2 / 9 x
0 6 y x
0 3 y x
. Vy
,
_

2
3
;
2
9
I
Do vai tr A, B, C, D nn gi s M l trung im
cnh AD Ox d M
1
Suy ra M( 3; 0) Ta c: 2 3
2
3
2
9
3 2 IM 2 AB
2 2

,
_

+
,
_

Theo gi thit:
2 2
2 3
12
AB
S
AD 12 AD . AB S
ABCD
ABCD

V I v M cng thuc ng thng d
1
AD d
1

ng thng AD i qua M ( 3; 0) v vung gc vi d
1
nhn ) 1 ; 1 ( n lm VTPT nn c PT:
0 3 y x 0 ) 0 y ( 1 ) 3 x ( 1 + +
. Li c:
2 MD MA
To A, D l nghim ca h PT:
( )

'

+
+
2 y 3 x
0 3 y x
2
2

( ) ( )

'

'

+
+

'

+
+

1 3 x
x 3 y
2 ) x 3 ( 3 x
3 x y
2 y 3 x
3 x y
2
2
2
2

'

1 y
2 x
hoc

'

1 y
4 x
.
Vy A( 2; 1), D( 4; -1)
Do
,
_

2
3
;
2
9
I
l trung im ca AC suy ra:

'

2 1 3 y y 2 y
7 2 9 x x 2 x
A I C
A I C
Tng t I cng l trung im ca BD nn ta c B( 5; 4)
Vy to cc nh ca hnh ch nht l: (2; 1), (5; 4), (7; 2), (4; -1)
B i 3: Trong mt phng ta Oxy cho hnh ch nht ABCD c tm
1
( ;0)
2
I
ng thng AB c phng trnh: x 2y + 2 = 0, AB = 2AD v honh im A m. Tm ta
cc nh ca hnh ch nht .
HNG DN
+)
5
( , )
2
d I AB

AD = 5 AB = 2 5 BD = 5.
+) PT ng trn K BD: (x - 1/2)
2
+ y
2
= 25/4
+) Ta A, B l nghim ca h:
2 2
2
1 25
2
( )
( 2;0), (2;2)
2 4
2
2 2 0
0
x
y
x y
A B
x
x y
y

'

+



'

'

(3; 0), ( 1; 2) C D
Gio vin: Nguyn Vn Loan- Nm hc 2010 -2011 Ti liu lu hnh ni b
6
D
C
Trng THPT Cm L- Bc Giang- n thi i hc Chuyn To trong mt phng
Bi 4: Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC bit A(2; - 3), B(3; - 2), c
din tch bng
3
2
v trng tm thuc ng thng : 3x y 8 = 0. Tm ta
nh C.
H ng dn :
Ta c: AB =
2
, M = (
5 5
;
2 2
), pt AB: x y 5 = 0
S
ABC
=
1
2
d(C, AB).AB =
3
2

d(C, AB)=
3
2
Gi G(t;3t-8) l trng tm tam gic ABC th d(G, AB)=
1
2

d(G, AB)=
(3 8) 5
2
t t
=
1
2

t = 1 hoc t = 2

G(1; - 5) hoc G(2; - 2)

M
3 CM GM
uuuur uuuur

C = (-2; 10) hoc C = (1; -4)

Bi 5:
Trong mt phng Oxy cho elip (E):
2 2
1
4 3
x y
+ v ng thng :3x + 4y =12.
T im M bt k trn k ti (E) cc tip tuyn MA, MB. Chng minh rng -
ng thng AB lun i qua mt im c nh.
H ng dn:
Gi M(x
0
;y
0
), A(x
1
;y
1
), B(x
2
;y
2
)
Tip tuyn ti A c dng
1 1
1
4 3
xx yy
+ Tip tuyn i qua M nn
0 1 0 1
1
4 3
x x y y
+ (1)
Ta thy ta ca A v B u tha mn (1) nn ng thng AB c pt
0 0
1
4 3
xx yy
+
do M thuc nn 3x
0
+ 4y
0
=12

4y
0
=12-3x
0

0 0
4 4
4
4 3
xx yy
+
0 0
4 (12 3 )
4
4 3
xx y x
+
Gi F(x;y) l im c nh m AB i qua vi mi M th
(x- y)x
0
+ 4y 4 = 0
{ {
0 1
4 4 0 1
x y y
y x



Vy AB lun i qua im c nh F(1;1)
Bi 6:
Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy cho im C(2;-5 ) v ng thng
: 3 4 4 0 x y +
.
Tm trn hai im A v B i xng nhau qua I(2;5/2) sao cho din tch tam gic ABC
bng15.
H ng dn:
1. Gi
3 4 16 3
( ; ) (4 ; )
4 4
a a
A a B a
+
. Khi din tch tam gic ABC l

1
. ( ) 3
2
ABC
S AB d C AB .
Theo gi thit ta c
2
2
4
6 3
5 (4 2 ) 25
0 2
a
a
AB a
a

_
+

,

Gio vin: Nguyn Vn Loan- Nm hc 2010 -2011 Ti liu lu hnh ni b
7
Trng THPT Cm L- Bc Giang- n thi i hc Chuyn To trong mt phng
Vy hai im cn tm l A(0;1) v B(4;4).
Bi 7:
1.Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy cho elp
2 2
( ) : 1
9 4
x y
E + v hai im A(3;-2) , B(-3;2) .
Tm trn (E) im C c honh v tung dng sao cho tam gic ABC c din tch ln nht.
H ng dn:
Ta c PT ng thng AB:2x+3y=0
Gi C(x;y) vi x>0,y>0.Khi ta c
2 2
1
9 4
x y
+ v din tch tam gic ABC l
1 85 85
. ( ) 2 3 3
2 13 3 4 2 13
ABC
x y
S AB d C AB x y + +
2 2
85 170
3 2 3
13 9 4 13
x y _
+

,
Du bng xy ra khi
2 2
2
1
3
9 4
2
2
3 2
x y
x
x y
y

' '

. Vy
3 2
( ; 2)
2
C .
Bi 8: Trong mt phng to Oxy cho hai ng thng (d
1
) : 4x - 3y - 12 = 0
v (d
2
): 4x + 3y - 12 = 0.
Tm to tm v bn knh ng trn ni tip tam gic c 3 cnh nm trn (d
1
), (d
2
), trc Oy.
Hng dn:
Gi A l giao im d
1
v d
2
ta c A(3 ;0)
Gi B l giao im d
1
vi trc Oy ta c B(0 ; - 4)
Gi C l giao im d
2
vi Oy ta c C(0 ;4)
Gi BI l ng phn gic trong gc B vi I thuc OA khi ta c I(4/3 ; 0), R = 4/3
Bi 9:
Cho im A(-1 ;0), B(1 ;2) v ng thng (d): x - y - 1 = 0. Lp phng trnh ng trn i
qua 2 im A, B v tip xc vi ng thng (d).
Hng dn:
Gi s phng trnh cn tm l (x-a)
2
+ (x-b)
2
= R
2
V ng trn i qua A, B v tip xc vi d nn ta c h phng trnh
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2
(1 )
(1 ) (2 )
( 1) 2
a b R
a y R
a b R
+ +

+
'

2
0
1
2
a
b
R

'

Vy ng trn cn tm l: x
2
+ (y - 1)
2
= 2
Bi 10 :
Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho ng trn (C): x
2
+ y
2
- 2x - 2my + m
2
- 24 = 0 c tm
I v ng thng : mx + 4y = 0. Tm m bit ng thng ct ng trn (C) ti hai im phn
bit A,B tha mn din tch tam gic IAB bng 12.
Hng dn :
ng trn (C) c tm I(1; m), bn knh R = 5.
Gi H l trung im ca dy cung AB.
Ta c IH l ng cao ca tam gic IAB.
IH =
2 2
| 4 | | 5 |
( , )
16 16
m m m
d I
m m
+

+ +
2
2 2
2
2
(5 ) 20
25
16
16
m
AH IA IH
m
m

+
+
Din tch tam gic IAB l
12 2 12 S
IAB IAH
S


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8
I
A B

H
5
Trng THPT Cm L- Bc Giang- n thi i hc Chuyn To trong mt phng

2
3
( , ). 12 25 | | 3( 16)
16
3
m
d I AH m m
m
t

Bi 11:
Trong mt phng ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC, vi
) 5 ; 2 ( , ) 1 ; 1 ( B A
, nh C
nm trn ng thng 0 4 x , v trng tm G ca tam gic nm trn ng
thng
0 6 3 2 + y x
. Tnh din tch tam gic ABC.
H ng dn:
Ta c
) ; 4 (
C
y C
. Khi ta G l
3
2
3
5 1
, 1
3
4 2 1
C C
G G
y y
y x +
+ +

+
. im G
nm trn ng thng
0 6 3 2 + y x
nn
0 6 6 2 +
C
y
, vy
2
C
y
, tc l
) 2 ; 4 ( C
. Ta c ) 1 ; 3 ( , ) 4 ; 3 ( AC AB , vy 5 AB , 10 AC ,
5 . AC AB
.
Din tch tam gic ABC l ( ) 25 10 . 25
2
1
. .
2
1
2
2 2
AC AB AC AB S =
2
1 5
Bi 12: Trong mt phng ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC, vi
) 2 ; 1 ( , ) 1 ; 2 ( B A
,
trng tm G ca tam gic nm trn ng thng
0 2 + y x
. Tm ta
nh C bit din tch tam gic ABC bng 13,5 .
H ng dn:
V G nm trn ng thng
0 2 + y x
nn G c ta
) 2 ; ( t t G
. Khi
) 3 ; 2 ( t t AG , ) 1 ; 1 ( AB Vy din tch tam gic ABG l
( ) [ ] 1 ) 3 ( ) 2 ( 2
2
1
. .
2
1
2 2
2
2 2
+ t t AB AG AB AG S =
2
3 2 t
Nu din tch tam gic ABC bng 13,5 th din tch tam gic ABG bng
5 , 4 3 : 5 , 13
. Vy 5 , 4
2
3 2

t
, suy ra 6 t hoc 3 t . Vy c hai im G :
) 1 ; 3 ( , ) 4 ; 6 (
2 1
G G . V G l trng tm tam gic ABC nn
) ( 3
B a G C
x x x x +
v
) ( 3
B a G C
y y y y +
.
Vi ) 4 ; 6 (
1
G ta c
) 9 ; 15 (
1
C
, vi ) 1 ; 3 (
2
G ta c
) 18 ; 12 (
2
C

Bi 13.
Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho ng trn (C): x
2
+ y
2
- 2x + 4y -
4 = 0 v ng thng d c phng trnh x + y + m = 0. Tm m trn ng
thng d c duy nht mt im A m t k c hai tip tuyn AB, AC ti -
ng trn (C) (B, C l hai tip im) sao cho tam gic ABC vung.
H ng dn :
T phng trnh chnh tc ca ng trn ta c tm I(1;-2), R = 3, t A k
c 2 tip tuyn AB, AC ti ng trn v AC AB => t gic ABIC l hnh
vung cnh bng 3
2 3 IA

7
5
6 1 2 3
2
1
m
m
m
m

Bi 14:
Trong mp (Oxy) cho ng thng () c phng trnh: x 2y 2 = 0 v hai im A (-1;2);
B (3;4). Tm im M

() sao cho 2MA

2
+ MB
2
c gi tr nh nht.
Hng dn :
Gio vin: Nguyn Vn Loan- Nm hc 2010 -2011 Ti liu lu hnh ni b
9
Trng THPT Cm L- Bc Giang- n thi i hc Chuyn To trong mt phng
M (2 2; ), (2 3; 2), (2 1; 4) M t t AM t t BM t t + +
uuuur uuuur
2 2 2
2 15 4 43 ( ) AM BM t t f t + + +
Min f(t) =
2
15
f
_

,
=> M
26 2
;
15 15
_

,
Bi 15:
Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho ng trn (C) c phng trnh:
2 2
4 3 4 0 x y x + +
.
Tia Oy ct (C) ti A. Lp phng trnh ng trn (C), bn knh R = 2 v tip xc ngoi vi (C)
ti A.
Hng dn:
A(0;2), I(-2 3 ;0), R= 4, gi (C) c tm I
Pt ng thng IA :
2 3
2 2
x t
y t

'
+

, ' I IA => I( 2 3 ; 2 2 t t + ),
1
2 ' '( 3;3)
2
AI I A t I >
uur uuur

(C):
( )
( )
2
2
3 3 4 x y +
Bi 16:
Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho hnh ch nht ABCD c cnh AB: x -2y -1 =0, ng
cho BD: x- 7y +14 = 0 v ng cho AC i qua im M(2;1). Tm to cc nh ca hnh ch
nht.
Hng dn:

(7;3) BD AB B
, pt g thng BC: 2x + y 17 = 0
(2 1; ), ( ;17 2 ), 3, 7 A AB A a a C BC C c c a c +
,
I =
2 1 2 17
;
2 2
a c a c + + + _

,
l trung im ca AC, BD.
I
3 18 0 3 18 (6 35;3 18) BD c a a c A c c
M, A, C thng hng , MA MC
uuur uuuur
cng phng => c
2
13c +42 =0
7( )
6
c loai
c

c = 6 =>A(1;0), C(6;5) , D(0;2), B(7;3)

Bi 17:
Trong h ta Oxy, cho hai ng trn c phng trnh
( )
2 2
1
: 4 5 0 C x y y + v
( )
2 2
2
: 6 8 16 0. C x y x y + + + Lp phng trnh tip tuyn chung ca ( )
1
C
v ( )
2
. C
Hng dn:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 1 2 2 2
: 0; 2 , 3; : 3; 4 , 3. C I R C I R
Gi tip tuyn chung ca ( ) ( )
1 2
, C C
l
( )
2 2
: 0 0 Ax By C A B + + +
l tip tuyn chung ca ( ) ( )
1 2
, C C

( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2
1 1
2 2
2 2
2 3 1 ;
;
3 4 3 2
B C A B d I R
d I R
A B C A B

+ +


' '


+ +

Gio vin: Nguyn Vn Loan- Nm hc 2010 -2011 Ti liu lu hnh ni b

10
Trng THPT Cm L- Bc Giang- n thi i hc Chuyn To trong mt phng
T (1) v (2) suy ra 2 A B hoc
3 2
2
A B
C
+

Trng hp 1: 2 A B .
Chn 1 2 2 3 5 : 2 2 3 5 0 B A C x y t + t
Trng hp 2:
3 2
2
A B
C
+
. Thay vo (1) c
Bi 18:
1) Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho ng trn hai ng trn
2 2
( ) : 2 2 1 0, C x y x y + +
2 2
( ') : 4 5 0 C x y x + + cng i qua M(1; 0). Vit
phng
trnh ng thng qua M ct hai ng trn
( ), ( ') C C
ln lt ti A, B sao cho MA= 2MB.
Hng dn:
+ Gi tm v bn knh ca (C), (C) ln lt l I(1; 1) , I(-2; 0) v
1, ' 3 R R
, ng thng (d)
qua M c phng trnh
2 2
( 1) ( 0) 0 0, ( 0)(*) a x b y ax by a a b + + + .
+ Gi H, H ln lt l trung im ca AM, BM.
Khi ta c:
2 2 2 2
2 2 ' ' ' MA MB IA IH I A I H
( ) ( )
2 2
1 ( ; ) 4[9 ( '; ) ] d I d d I d ,
. IA IH >
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2
9
4 ( '; ) ( ; ) 35 4. 35
a b
d I d d I d
a b a b

+ +
2 2
2 2
2 2
36
35 36
a b
a b
a b

+
D thy 0 b nn chn
6
1
6

a
b
a
.
Kim tra iu kin IA IH > ri thay vo (*) ta c hai ng thng tho mn.
Bi 19:
Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, hy vit phng trnh cc cnh ca tam gic ABC bit trc
tm
(1; 0) H
, chn ng cao h t nh B l
(0; 2) K
, trung im cnh AB l
(3; 1) M
.
Hng dn:
+ ng thng AC vung gc vi HK nn nhn
( 1; 2) HK
uuur
lm vtpt v AC i qua K nn
( ) : 2 4 0. AC x y +
Ta cng d c:
( ) : 2 2 0 BK x y +
.
+ Do
, A AC B BK
nn gi s
(2 4; ), ( ; 2 2 ). A a a B b b
Mt khc
(3; 1) M
l
trung im ca AB nn ta c h:
2 4 6 2 10 4
.
2 2 2 2 0 2
a b a b a
a b a b b
+ +

' ' '
+

Suy ra:
(4; 4), (2; 2). A B
+ Suy ra: ( 2; 6) AB
uuur
, suy ra:
( ) : 3 8 0 AB x y
.
+ ng thng BC qua B v vung gc vi AH nn nhn (3; 4) HA
uuur
, suy ra:
( ) : 3 4 2 0. BC x y + +
KL: Vy :
( ) : 2 4 0, + AC x y ( ) : 3 8 0 AB x y
,
( ) : 3 4 2 0. + + BC x y
Bi 20: ( 2010)
Gio vin: Nguyn Vn Loan- Nm hc 2010 -2011 Ti liu lu hnh ni b
11
M
H
K
C
B
A
C
E

Trng THPT Cm L- Bc Giang- n thi i hc Chuyn To trong mt phng

Trong mt phng ta Oxy , cho hai ng thng d
1
: 3 0 + x y v d
2
: 3 0 x y . Gi (T) l
ng trn tip xc vi d
1
ti A, ct d
2
ti hai im B v C sao cho tam gic ABC vung ti B.
Vit phng trnh ca (T), bit tam gic ABC c din tch bng
3
2
v im A c honh
dng.
Hng dn:
. Ta thy
1 2
, d d
to vi Oy gc
0
30 T

0 0
60 ; 30 AOB ACB
2 2
1 3 3 3
. 1
2 2 2 2
ABC
S AB BC AB AB AB

2 2 1
. ; 1
3 3 3
OA AB A
_


,
4 2
2 ; 2
3 3
OC OA C
_


,
ng trn (T) ng knh AC c:
1 3
; , 1
2 2 2 3
AC
I R
_


,
Phng trnh (T):
2 2
1 3
1
2 2 3
x y
_ _
+ + +

, ,

Bi 21: Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC cn ti A c nh A(6; 6), ng thng i
qua trung im ca cc cnh AB v AC c phng trnh x + y 4 = 0. Tm ta cc nh B v C,
bit im E(1; 3) nm trn ng cao i qua nh C ca tam gic cho.
Hng dn:
Gi l ng thng i qua trung im ca AC v AB
Ta c ( )
6 6 4
, 4 2
2
d A
+

V l ng trung bnh ca
V
ABC
( ) ( ) ; 2 ; 2.4 2 8 2 d A BC d A
Gi phng trnh ng thng BC l:
0 x y a + +
T :
4 6 6
8 2 12 16
28
2
a a
a
a
+ +
+

Nu 28 a th phng trnh ca BC l
28 0 x y +
, trng hp ny A nm khc pha i vi
BC v, v l. Vy 4 a , do phng trnh BC l:
4 0 x y + +
.
ng cao k t A ca ABC l ng thng i qua A(6;6) v BC :
4 0 x y + +
nn c phng
trnh l
0 x y
.
Ta chn ng cao H k t A xung BC l nghim ca h phng trnh

0 2
4 0 2
x y x
x y y

' '
+ +

Vy H (-2;-2)
V BC c phng trnh l
4 0 x y + +
nn ta B c dng: B(a; -4-a)
Gio vin: Nguyn Vn Loan- Nm hc 2010 -2011 Ti liu lu hnh ni b
12

B
H
Trng THPT Cm L- Bc Giang- n thi i hc Chuyn To trong mt phng
Li v H l trung im BC nn C(-4-a; a)
Suy ra: ( ) 5 ; 3 , ( 6; 4 6) CE a a AB a a +
uuur uuur
V CE AB nn ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) . 0 6 5 3 10 0 ABCE a a a a + + + +
uuur uuur

2
0
2 12 0
6
a
a a
a

+

Vy
( )
( )
0; 4
4; 0
B
C

'

hoc
( )
( )
6; 2
2; 6
B
C

'

.
C. BI TP T RN
1. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c C(1; 2), ng trung tuyn k t A
v ng cao k t B ln lt c phng trnh l 5x+y9=0 v x+3y5=0. Tm ta cc nh A
v B.
S: A(1;4), B(5;0).
2. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy cho ng trn (C)
2 2
4 4 6 0 x y x y + + + + v ng
thng
: 2 3 0 x my m + +
vi m l tham s thc. Gi I l tm ca ng trn (C) Tm m
ct (C) ti hai im phn bit A v B sao cho din tch tam gic IAB ln nht.
3. Trong mt phng vi h ta cac vung gc Oxy, cho elip (E) c phng trnh 1
9 16
2 2
+
y x
.
Xt im M chuyn ng trn tia Ox v im N chuyn ng trn tia Oy sao cho ng thng
MN lun tip xc vi (E). Xc nh ta im M, N on MN c di nh nht. Tnh gi
tr nh nht .
S: ( ) ( ) 7 , 21 ; 0 , 0 ; 7 2
min
MN N M
4. Trong mt phng vi h ta cac vung gc Oxy cho ng trn (C): (x1)
2
+(y2)
2
=4 v
ng thng d: xy1=0. Vit phng trnh ng trn (C) i xng vi ng trn (C) qua
ng thng d. Tm ta cc giao im ca (C) v (C).
S: A(1;0), B(3;2)
5. Trong mt phng vi h trc Oxy cho tam gic ABC c nh A(2; 1), ng cao qua nh B c
phng trnh l x3y 7 = 0 v ng trung tuyn qua nh C c phng trnh: x + y + 1= 0. Xc
nh to cc nh B v C ca tam gic ABC.
6. Trong mt phng vi h ta cac vung gc Oxy cho im C(2;0) v elip (E): 1
1 4
2 2
+
y x
.
Tm ta cc im A, B thuc (E), bit rng hai im A, B i xng vi nhau qua trc honh v
tam gic ABC l tam gic u.
S:

,
_

,
_

7
3 4
;
7
2
,
7
3 4
;
7
2
B A
hoc

,
_

,
_

7
3 4
;
7
2
,
7
3 4
;
7
2
B A
7. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho cc ng thng: d
1
: x+y +3=0, d
2
: xy 4=0, d
3
: x2y
=0. Tm ta im M nm trn ng thng d
3
sao cho khong cch t M n ng thng d
1
bng hai ln khong cch t M n ng thng d
2
. S:
M(22;11), (2;1).
8. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho ng trn (C): x
2
+y
2
2x2y+1=0 v ng thng d:
xy+3=0. Tm ta im M nm trn d sao cho ng trn tm M, c bn knh gp i bn knh
ng trn (C), tip xc ngoi vi ng trn (C).
S: M
1
(1;4), M
2
(2;1)
Gio vin: Nguyn Vn Loan- Nm hc 2010 -2011 Ti liu lu hnh ni b
13
Trng THPT Cm L- Bc Giang- n thi i hc Chuyn To trong mt phng
9. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, tm im A thuc trc honh v im B thuc trc tung sao
cho A v B i xng vi nhau qua ng thng d: x 2y+3=0. S: A(2;0),
B(0;4).
10. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho ng trn (C): (x1)
2
+(y+2)
2
=9 v ng thng d:
3x4y+m=0. Tm m trn d c duy nht mt im P m t c th k c hai tip tuyn PA,
PB ti (C) (A, B l cc tip im) sao cho tam gic PAB u.
S: m=19, m=41
11. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c M(2;0) l trung im ca cnh AB.
ng trung tuyn v ng cao qua nh A ln lt c phng trnh l 7x2y3=0 v 6xy4=0.
Vit phng trnh ng thng AC. S: AC: 3x4y+5=0
12. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy cho hnh ch nht ABCD c im I(6;2) l giao im ca hai
ng cho AC v BD. im M(1;5) thuc ng thng AB v trung im E ca cnh CD thuc
ng thng : x+y5=0. Vit phng trnh ng thng AB.
S: AB: y5=0; x4y+19=0
13. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, hy vit phng trnh chnh tc ca elip (E) bit rng (E)
c tm sai bng
3
5
v hnh ch nht c s ca (E) c chu vi bng 20., S: 1
4 9
2 2
+
y x

13. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c A(0;2), B(2;2) v C(4;2). Gi H l
chn ng cao k t B; M v N ln lt l trung im ca cc cnh AB v BC. Vit phng
trnh ng trn i qua cc im H, M, N. S: x
2
+y
2
x+y2=0
14. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho cc ng thng d
1
: x+y+3=0, d
2
: xy4=0, d
3
: x2y=0.
Tm ta im M mm trn ng thng d
3
sao cho khong cch t M n ng thng d
1
bng hai ln khong cch t M n ng thng d
2
. S: M
1
(22;11), M
2
(2;1)
15. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy cho hai ng thng d
1
: xy=0 v d
2
: 2x+y1=0. tm ta
cc nh hnh vung ABCD bit rng nh A thuc d
1
, nh C thuc d
2
v cc nh B, D thuc trc
honh.
S: A(1;1), B(0;0), C(1;1), D(2;0) hoc A(1;1), B(2;0), C(1;1), D(0;0)
16. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy cho hai im A(0;2) v ( ) 1 ; 3 B . Tm ta trc tm v
tm ng trn ngoi tip tam gic OAB. S: ( ) ( ) 1 ; 3 , 1 ; 3 I H
17. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy xt tam gic ABC vung ti A, phng trnh ng thng
BC l 0 3 3 y x , cc nh A v B thuc trc honh v bn knh ng trn ni tip bng
2. Tm ta trng tm G ca tam gic ABC.
18. S:

,
_

+ +
3
3 2 6
;
3
3 4 7
G
hoc

,
_

3
3 2 6
;
3
1 3 4
G

19. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy cho ng trn (C): (x2)
2
+y
2
=4/5 v hai ng thng
1
:
xy=0,
2
: x7y=0. Xc nh ta tm K v bn knh ng trn (C
1
); bit ng trn (C
1
) tip
xc vi cc ng thng
1
,
2
v tm K thuc ng trn (C). S:
5
2 2
,
5
4
;
5
8

,
_

R K
Gio vin: Nguyn Vn Loan- Nm hc 2010 -2011 Ti liu lu hnh ni b
14
Trng THPT Cm L- Bc Giang- n thi i hc Chuyn To trong mt phng
20. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, hy xc nh ta nh C ca tam gic ABC bit rng hnh
chiu vung gc ca C trn ng thng AB l im H(1;1), ng phn gic trong ca gc A
c phng trnh xy+2=0 v ng cao k t B c phng trnh 4x+3y1=0. S:
,
_

4
3
;
3
10
C
21. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho im A(2;2) v cc ng thng: d
1
: x+y2=0, d
2
:
x+y8=0. Tm ta cc im B v C ln lt thuc d
1
v d
2
sao cho tam gic ABC vung cn ti
A. S: B(1;3), C(3;5) hoc B(3;1), C(5;3)
22. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho ng trn (C): x
2
+y
2
2x6y+6=0 v im M(3;1). Gi
T
1
v T
2
l cc tip im ca cc tip tuyn k t M n (C). Vit phng trnh ng thng T
1
T
2
.
S: T
1
T
2
: 2x+y3=0
23. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy cho hai im A(2;0) v B(6;4). Vit phng trnh ng
trn (C) tip xc vi trc honh ti im A v khong cch t tm ca (C) n im B bng 5.
S: (C
1
): (x2)
2
+(y1)
2
=1 hoc (x2)
2
+(y7)
2
=49
24. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy cho hai im A(1;1) v B(4;3). Tm im C thuc ng
thng x2y1=0 sao cho khong cch t C n ng thng AB bng 6.
S:
( )

,
_

11
27
;
11
43
, 3 ; 7
2 1
C C
26. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy cho tam gic ABC c AB=AC,
0
^
90 BAC
. Bit M(1;1) l
trung im cnh BC v
,
_

0 ;
3
2
G
l trng tm tam gic ABC. Tm ta cc nh A, B, C.
S: A(0;2), B(4;0), C(2;2)
27.Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy cho hnh ch nht ABCD c tm
,
_

0 ;
2
1
I
, phng trnh
ng thng AB l x2y+2=0 v AB=2AD. Tm ta cc nh A, B, C, D bit rng nh A c honh
m. S: A(2;0), B(2;2), C(3;0), D(1;2)

Gio vin: Nguyn Vn Loan- Nm hc 2010 -2011 Ti liu lu hnh ni b
15