T I U C H U N QUC GIA

TCVN
TCVN xxx : 2011
Xut bn ln th 1

K THUT THIT K, LP T H THNG CP THNG TIN TRONG CC TA NH

Technical of design, Instalation telecommunication cable in bulding

H NI - 2011

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Mc lc

1. Quy nh chung..........................................................................................................5
1.1. Phm vi iu chnh .................................................................................................................5 1.2. i tng p dng...................................................................................................................5 1.3. Ti liu vin dn......................................................................................................................5 1.4. Gii thch t ng......................................................................................................................5

2. Quy nh k thut.....................................................................................................16
2.1. Cu trc chung ca h thng cp thng tin trong ta nh....................................................16 2.2. Yu cu thit k cp ng trong ta nh;............................................................................19 2.3. Yu cu lp t cp ng trong ta nh;...............................................................................22 2.4. Yu cu thit k cp quang...................................................................................................27 2.5. Yu cu lp t cp quang trong ta nh..............................................................................28 2.6. Yu cu v kt ni phn cng ca cp ng, cp quang......................................................28

Ti liu tham kho........................................................................................................31

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Li ni u
Tiu chun quc gia xxx/yyyy/BTTTT "Thit k, lp t cp thng tin trong cc ta nh" c xy dng trn c s cc khuyn ngh ca lin minh vin thng quc t ITU, ISO/IEC, TIA/EIA, quy chun xy dng Vit Nam v TCN 68 - 254 : 2006 cng trnh ngoi vi vin thng - Quy nh k thut.

Tiu chun quc gi xxx/yyyy/BTTTT do Vin khoa hc k thut Bu in bin son, V khoa hc v cng ngh trnh duyt, b thng tin v truyn thng ban hnh km theo thng t s ...../yyyy/TT-BTTTT ngy .... thng ..... nm yyyy

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TIU CHUN QUC GIA

TCVN xxx : 2011

1. Quy nh chung
1.1. Phm vi iu chnh - Tiu chun ny quy nh cc yu cu k thut v thit k, lp t cp thng tin trong cc ta nh bao gm nh chung c, nh vn phng, nh ring l. - Tiu chun ny s dng nh gi vic thit k v thi cng cp trong cc ta nh.

1.2. i tng p dng Tiu chun ny p dng cho tt c cc cng trnh thit k, thi cng cp thng tin trong cc ta nh.

1.3. Ti liu vin dn - TCN 68 - 254 : 2006 "cng trnh ngoi vi vin thng - Quy nh k thut" - TCN 68-178:1999 "Quy phm xy dng cng trnh thng tin cp quang" - TCN 68 - 174: 2006 "Quy phm chng st v tip t cho cc cng trnh vin thng"; - ISO/IEC 11801 Information technology Generic cabling for custumer premises/Amd1/2008-04 - TIA/EIA-568-B.2 "Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard Part 2: Balanced Twisted-Pair Cabling Components" - TIA/EIA-568-B.3 "Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard Part 3: Optical Fiber Cabling Components Standard" 1.4. Gii thch t ng 1.4.1 Bng ni - patch panel Tp hp nhiu u ni c thit k u dy nhy 1.4.2 B phn phi tng - Floor Distributor B phn phi s dng ni gia cp nhnh v cc phn h cp khc hoc thit b 1.4.3 B phn phi - Distributior

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Thut ng dng ch tp hp cc thnh phn (chng hn nh phin u, dy ni) s dng ni cp 1.4.4 B tng thch ghp ni si quang kp - optical fibre duplex adapter Dng c c kh c thit k sp xp v ni cc u ni i 1.4.5 B t - quad Thnh phn cp bao gm bn dy ng bc cch in xon li vi nhau 1.4.6 B ni si quang i - optical fibre duplex connector Dng c kt ni c kh c thit k truyn nng lng quang gia hai i cp quang 1.4.7 Cp i xng - Balanced cable Cp bao gm mt hoc nhiu si cp kim loi sp xp i xng (xon i hoc xon 4) 1.4.8 Cp trc ca ta nh - building backbone cable Cp ni t phn phi ca ta nh ti h thng phn phi ca cc tng. 1.4.9 Cp - Cable Tp hp mt hoc mt s n v cp cng kiu v loi trong mt v bc. 1.4.10 Cp i xng khng mn chn - Unscreened Balanced cable Cp i xng khng c bt k v che chn no. 1.4.11 Cp i xng c v che chn - screened balanced cable Cp i xng c v che chn bn ngoi v/hoc c v che chn cho cc thnh phn. 1.4.12 Cp ni chung - Generic cabling H thng cp vin thng c kh nng h tr nhiu ng dng 1.4.13

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Cp nhnh - Horizontal cable Cp ni b phn phi tng ti u ra vin thng 1.4.14 Cp ni - Cabling H thng cp vin thng, dy v phn cng kt ni c th dng h tr kt ni thit b cng ngh thng tin 1.4.15 Cp lai - Hybrid cable Tp hp hai hoc nhiu n v cp v/hoc cp c loi hoc kiu khc nhau trong mt v bc 1.4.16 Cp trc khu vc - Campus backbone cable Phn cp ni t t phn phi khu vc vi t phn phi ta nh. CH THCH: Cp trc khu vc c th lun ni trc tip n t phn phi ta nh. 1.4.17 Cp si quang -Optical fibre cable Cp bao gm mt hoc mt s si cp quang. 1.4.18 Cp si quang tp trung - Centralised optical fibre cabling K thut cp si quang tp trung to ra mt knh trc/nhnh kt hp; Knh ny c cung cp t khu vc lm vic ti ni cho tp trung hoc im ni bng cch s dng cp ni qua hoc mng sng. 1.4.19 Cp CP - CP cable Cp kt ni in hp nht n u ra vin thng 1.4.20 Cp nhnh c nh - Fixed horizontal cable Cp kt ni b phn phi tng ti im hp nht nu c CP hoc ti TO nu khng c CP. 1.4.21 Cng vin thng - telecommunication outlet Dng c kt ni c nh kt ni cp nhnh

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1.4.22 Dy nhy - Jumper Cp, n v cp hoc thnh phn cp khng c u ni s dng to ra 1 kt ni trong ni cho 1.4.23 Dy nhy khu vc lm vic - work area cord Dy nhy ni u cm vin thng ti thit b u cui. 1.4.24 u ni h s dng nh - Small form factor connector u ni cp quang thit k iu chnh hai hoc nhiu hn cp quang vi t nht cng cung my gn nh u ni s dng cho cp i xng. 1.4.25 i xon - twisted pair Mt phn cp bao gm hai dy bc cch in xon li vi nhau theo hnh dng xc nh to thnh ng truyn dn i xng. 1.4.26 ng c nh - permanent link ng truyn dn gia u ni vin thng v b phn phi tng. CH THCH: kt ni c nh khng bao gm dy nhy khu vc lm vic, dy ni thit b, dy ni, v dy nhy, nhng bao gm kt ni mi u. N c th bao gm kt ni CP. 1.4.27 Dao ng suy hao xen vo - Insertion loss deviation Sai khc gia suy hao xen vo o c ca cc thnh phn lin tc v suy hao xen vo xc nh bng cch tnh tng suy hao xen vo ca tng thnh phn ring r. 1.4.28 i - pair Hai dy dn ca ng dy truyn i xng. N thng c gi l i dy xon hoc mch mt pha. 1.4.29 Dy ni - Patch cord Cp, on cp hoc si cp vi u ni s dng thit lp kt ni vo bng ni 1.4.30

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Dy ni - Cord Cp, on cp hoc thnh phn cp vi ti thiu mt u cui 1.4.31 Dy ni thit b - equipment cord Dy ni thit b ti nh phn phi. 1.4.32 ng - Link Hoc l ng CP, hoc l ng c nh, xem ng CP hoc ng c nh. 1.4.33 ng CP - CP Link Mt phn ca ng c nh gia b phn phi tng v im hp nht, bao goomg c phn cng kt ni mi u 1.4.34 n v cp - Cable Unit tp hp n ca mt hay mt s thnh phn cp cng loi hoc cng kiu. 1.4.35 im hp nht - Consolidation point (CP) im kt ni trong phn h cp nhnh gia b phn phi tng v u ra vin thng. 1.4.36 Giao din - Interface im m kt ni c thc hin ti h thng cp ni chung 1.4.37 Giao din mng bn ngoi - External network interface im phn ranh gii gia mng cng cng v mng ring. CH THCH: trong nhiu trng hp, giao din mng bn ngoi l im ni gia thit b nh cung cp mng v phn cp trong nh khch hng. 1.4.38 Knh (ng dn) - Channel ng truyn dn t u cui n u cui kt ni gia hai thit b ng dng c th.

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CH THCH: Thit b v cc dy ni khu vc lm vic l bao gm trong ng dn, nhng khng kt ni phn cng vo trong tht b c ng dng c th 1.4.39 Kt ni - Connection Dng c hoc tp hp dng c bao gm u cui s dng ni cp hoc thnh phn cp vi cp, thnh phn cp khc hoc thit b ng dng c th. 1.4.40 Khu vc - Campus Khch hng bao gm mt hoc mt s ta nh 1.4.41 Khu vc lm vic ring bit - Individual work area Khng gian ta nh nh nht m c th c dnh ring cho mt ngi s hu 1.4.42 Kha - Keying c tnh c kh ca mt h thng kt ni, m bo phn bit hoc ngn nga ni vo u ni khng ph hp hoc u ni cp quang 1.4.43 Mch pha - side circuit Hai dy dn hng hon ton v mt pha trong b t to thnh 1 i. 1.4.44 Mng xng - splice Ni dy dn hoc cp quang, thng t ch v nha tch ri ra. 1.4.45 Ni cho - Cross-connect C cu cho php kt cui thnh phn cp v ni cho ca chng, u tin l dy u hoc dy nhy 1.4.46 Nhit vn hnh - Operating temperature Nhit n nh ca nhit ng xung quanh thnh phn cp vi bt k tng nhit no do vn hnh ang c h tr. 1.4.47

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Ni lin - Interconnect K thut cho php dy ni thit b (hoc phn h cp) c kt cui v kt ni ti phn h cp s dng dy ni hoc dy nhy. CH THCH: Cp vo hoc cp ra c kt cui mt im c nh 1.4.48 Phng vin thng - Telecommunication Room Khng gian bao quanh t thit b vin thng, kt cui cp, kt ni, u cho. 1.4.49 Phn cng kt ni - Connecting hardware Phn cng kt ni c hiu l bao gm mt dng c hoc mt tp hp dng c s dng ni cp hoc thnh phn cp. 1.4. 50 Phng trn - Overfilled launch Dng phng c iu khin khi o th si cp c lm trn tng ng vi c gc v v tr ti b phng n LED m phng. 1.4.51 Phng thit b - equipment room Phng c thit k nhm mc ch t thit b phn phi v cc thit b ng dng c th. 1.4.52 S qun l - Administration H phng php lun nh r cc yu cu bng ti liu ca h thng cp v cc thnh phn ca chng, nhn hiu ca cc phn t chc nng v x l bng cch dch chuyn, thm vo v thay i c ghi li. 1.4.53 Suy hao xuyn m u ra l (ngoi sinh) - alien (exogenous) far-end crosstalk loss (AFEXT) Tn hiu cch ly gia i dy gy nhiu lon ca 1 knh v i dy b nhiu ca knh khc, c o ti u xa. CH THCH: Thng s ny c hiu l o tn hiu cch ly gia i dy gy nhiu trong ng c nh hoc thnh phn trong knh v i b nhiu trong ng c nh hoc thnh phn ca knh khc. 1.4.54

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Suy hao xuyn m u xa l (ngoi sinh) - alien (exogenous) near-end crosstalk loss (ANEXT) Cch l tn hiu gia i dy gy nhiu lon ca 1 knh v i dy b nhiu ca knh khc, c o ti u gn. CH THCH: Thng s ny c hiu l o tn hiu cch ly gia i dy gy nhiu trong ng c nh hoc thnh phn trong knh v i b nhiu trong ng c nh hoc thnh phn ca knh khc. 1.4.55 Suy hao - Attenuation Gim bin cng sut ca tn hiu trong h thng truyn dn gia cc im CH THCH: Suy hao l ch tng mt mt trong cp, biu hin l t s gia cng sut u vo vi cng sut u ra. 1.4.56 Suy gim t s xuyn m l (ngoi sinh) u xa - attenuation to alien (exogenous) crosstalk ratio at the far-end (AACR-F) S khc nhau, tnh theo dB gia suy hao xuyn m l u xa t i gy nhiu ca knh v suy hao xen vo ca i b nhiu trong knh khc. CH THCH: Thng s ny thng c hiu qu trong tnh ton s dng suy hao xuyn m l u xa t i gy nhiu trong ng c nh hoc thnh phn trong knh v suy hao xen vo ca i b nhiu trong ng c nh hoc thnh phn trong knh khc 1.4.57 Suy gim t s xuyn m l (ngoi sinh) u gn - attenuation to alien (exogenous) crosstalk ratio at the near-end (AACR-N) S khc nhau, tnh theo dB gia suy hao xuyn m l u gn t i gy nhiu ca knh v suy hao xen vo ca i b nhiu trong knh khc. CH THCH: Thng s ny thng c hiu qu tnh ton s dng suy hao xuyn m l u gn t i gy nhiu trong ng c nh hoc thnh phn trong knh v suy hao xen vo ca i b gy nhiu trong ng c nh hoc thnh phn trong knh khc 1.4.58 Suy gim t s xuyn m u xa (ACR-F) - Attenuation to crosstalk ratio at the far-end S khc nhau, tnh theo dB gia suy hao xuyn m u xa t i gy nhiu ca knh v suy hao xen vo ca i b nhiu trong cng knh.

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CH THCH: Thng s ny thng c hiu qu tnh ton s dng suy hao xuyn m u xa t i gy nhiu trong ng c nh hoc thnh phn trong knh v suy hao xen vo ca i b gy nhiu trong ng c nh hoc thnh phn trong cng knh. 1.4.59 Suy gim tng cng sut trung bnh ca t s xuyn m l (ngoi sinh) u xa - Average power sum attenuation to alien (exogenous) crosstalk ratio far-end. Trung bnh tnh ton ca suy gim tng cng sut ca t s xuyn m l u xa ca cc i trong knh b nhiu. 1.4.60 Suy hao ghp ni - Coupling attenuation Suy hao ghp ni l s suy gim gia cng sut truyn qua dy dn v cng sut nh pht ra ln nht, dn v pht bi dng mode common b kch thch. 1.4.61 Suy gim t s xuyn m u gn (ACR-N) - Attenuation to crosstalk ratio at the near-end S khc nhau, tnh theo dB gia suy hao xuyn m u gn t i gy nhiu ca knh v suy hao xen vo ca i b nhiu trong cng knh. CH THCH: Thng s ny thng c hiu qu tnh ton s dng suy hao xuyn m u gn t i gy nhiu trong ng c nh hoc thnh phn trong knh v suy hao xen vo ca i b gy nhiu trong ng c nh hoc thnh phn trong cng knh. 1.4.62 Suy hao xen vo - Insertion loss Suy hao do chn mt thit b gia ngun v ti ca tr khng tng ng. Bn thn thit b cng c th c in tr khc nhau t ti n tr khng ngun. 1.4.62 Suy hao bin i dc - Longitudinal conversion transfer loss T s logarit c biu din bng decibel ca tn hiu xem vo common mode u gn v tn hiu chnh lch thu c u xa ca i cp i xng. 1.4.63 Suy hao truyn dn bin i dc - Longitudinal conversion transfer loss T s logarit tnh theo decibel ca tn hiu xen vo mode chung u gn trn tn hiu chnh lch kt qu u xa ca i dy i xng. 1.4.64

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Suy hao bin i ngang - transverse conversion loss T c gia nng lng tn hiu common mode v nng lng tn hiu mode bin i xen vo 1.4.65 Tng cng sut trung bnh suy hao xuyn m l u gn (ngoi sinh) - Average power sum alien (exogenous) near - end crosstalk loss. Trung bnh tnh ton ca tng cng sut suy hao xuyn m l u gn ca cc i trong knh b nhiu. 1.4.66 T phn phi ta nh - Building distributor H thng phn phi m trong cp trc ca ta nh u ni vi cp trc ca khu vc 1.4.67 Tin ch li vo ca ta nh - Building entrance Facility Cc tin ch cung cp tt c cc dch v in v c kh cn thit v tun theo tt c cc quy nh c lin quan cho li vo ca cp vin thng vo trong ta nh. 1.4.68 Thnh phn cp - Cable element n v cu trc nh nht trong cp (v d nh i, xon t hay si cp quang n) CH THCH: Thnh phn cp cng c th l mn che chn 1.4.69 T phn phi khu vc - Campus distributor T phn phi m t cp trc bt u ko ra. 1.4.70 T s xuyn m u xa mc tng ng - Equal level far-end crosstalk ratio S khc nhau tnh theo dB gia suy hao xuyn m u xa t i gy nhiu ca knh v suy hao xen vo ca i gy nhiu trong cng knh. 1.4.71 Tp hp u ra vin thng nhiu ngi dng - Muiti-user telecommunications outlet assembly Mt nhm cc u ra vin thng cng mt v tr 1.4.72 Tng cng sut suy hao xuyn m l u xa (ngoi sinh) - power sum alien (exogenous) nearend crosstalk loss (PS AFEXT)

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Tng cng sut ca tn hiu cch ly gia nhiu i gy nhiu ca mt hoc mt s knh v i b nhiu ca knh khc. o u xa 1.4.73 Tng cng sut suy hao xuyn m l u gn (ngoi sinh) - power sum alien (exogenous) nearend crosstalk loss (PS ANEXT) Tng cng sut ca cch ly tn hiu gia nhiu i gy nhiu ca mt hoc mt s knh v i b nhiu ca knh khc. o u xa. 1.4.74 Tng cng sut suy gim t s xuyn m l (ngoi sinh) u xa. - power sum attenuation to alien (exogenous) crosstalk ratio at the far-end (PS AACR-F) S khc nhau tnh theo dB gia tng cng sut suy hao xuyn m l u xa t nhiu i gy nhiu ca mt hoc mt s knh v suy hao xen vo ca i b gy nhiu knh khc. 1.4.75 Tng cng sut suy gim t s xuyn m l (ngoi sinh) u gn. - power sum attenuation to alien (exogenous) crosstalk ratio at the near-end (PS AACR-N) S khc nhau tnh theo dB gia tng cng sut suy hao xuyn m l u gn t nhiu i gy nhiu ca mt hoc mt s knh v suy hao xen vo ca i b gy nhiu knh khc. 1.4.76 Tng cng sut suy gim t s xuyn m u xa. - power sum attenuation to crosstalk ratio at the far-end (PS ACR-F) S khc nhau tnh theo dB gia tng cng sut suy hao xuyn m u xa t nhiu i gy nhiu ca mt hoc mt s knh v suy hao xen vo ca i b gy nhiu cng knh. 1.4.77 Tng cng sut suy gim t s xuyn m u gn. - power sum attenuation to crosstalk ratio at the near-end (PS ACR-N) S khc nhau tnh theo dB gia tng cng sut suy hao xuyn m u gn t nhiu i gy nhiu ca mt hoc mt s knh v suy hao xen vo ca i b gy nhiu cng knh. 1.4.78 Tng cng sut mc tng ng t s xuyn m u xa - power sum equal level far-end crosstalk ratio (PS ELFEXT) Tng cng sut ca tt c cc i b nh hng ca mt knh, khc nhau, tnh theo dB gia suy hao xuyn m u xa v suy hao xen vo ca tng i gy nhiu.

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1.4.79 Vin thng - telecommunication Mt nhnh k thut lin quan n truyn dn, thu pht thng tin, tn hiu, ch vit, hnh nh, m thanh; ngha l thng tin ca bt c ngun t nhin no bng cp, sng, cp quang, hoc h thng in t khc. 1.4.80 ng dng - Application H thng, bao gm phng php truyn dn kt hp ca n c h tr bi cp thng tin. 1.4.81 Xuyn m l (ngoi sinh) - lien (exogenous) crosstalk Tn hiu ghp t i gy nhiu lon ca knh sang i b nhiu ca knh khc CH THCH: iu ny c hiu l ghp tn hiu t i dy gy nhiu trong knh c nh hoc thnh phn to ra knh sang i b nhiu lon trong ng c nh hoc thnh phn ca knh khc.

2. Quy nh k thut

2.1. Cu trc chung ca h thng cp thng tin trong ta nh

Cu trc tng qut ca h thng cp thng tin trong ta nh nh m t trong Hnh 1

CD

BD

FD

CP

TO

Thit b u cui

Phn h cp chnh khu vc

Phn h cp chnh ta nh

Phn h cp nhnh

Cp khu vc lm vic

H thng cp ni chung

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BD: B phn phi ta nh FD: B phn phi tng CP: im ni TO: Cng ra vin thng Hnh 1 - Cu trc tng qut h thng cp thng tin trong cc ta nh

- BD l b phn phi ta nh. + Trong mng cp ng i xng DB chnh l t cp t ti phng vin thng hoc hp k thut ca ta nh. + Trong mng cp quang DB l t phn phi quang hoc mng xng cp quang chnh n ta nh. - FD l b phn phi tng. + Trong mng cp ng i xng, FD chnh l hp cp phn phi ti cc tng + Trong mng cp quang FD l mng xng, Access L2 Switch hoc b chia quang. - CP l hp ni k thut ti nh khch hng: - TO: l cng ra Vin thng, y chnh l cc hp ni cp ng hoc hp ni cp quang. Thit b u cui ni vo hp ni bng dy nhy hoc dy ni. - Cp ni t b phn phi ta nh i ln cc b phn phi ca cc tng l cp phn phi ng trc ta nh. - Cp ni t cc b phn phi tng n cc hp ni gi l cp nhnh. - i vi cc nh n l s khng c b phn phi ta nh, b phn phi tng, cp ng trc ta nh. Ti cc nh n l phi thit k hp ni u vo mng cp ca khu vc thng qua hp ni ti nh khch hng.

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Hp phn phi tng

To nh A Hp ni khch hng

To nh B Phn h cp nhnh u ni

Phn h cp nhnh Hp phn phi tng

Phn h cp trc to nh Qun l to nh T phn phi chnh

ng cp vo chnh im ranh gii Phng thit b to nh hoc t phn phi to nh

Phn h cp trc khu vc

Hnh 2 M hnh cp trong cc to nh chung c, vn phng

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Hp k thut nh khch hng Ca vo

Bp

Phng ng

Phng khch

Phng ng

Hnh 3 M hnh cp cho cc to nh ring l

2.2. Yu cu thit k cp ng trong ta nh; - Trnh t thit k mng cp ng trong to nh phi thc hin theo cc quy nh trong Hnh 4.

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Xc nh chc nng ca to nh

Xc nh Kch c ca to nh, dch v cung cp

Xc nh s lng thu bao

Kch thc ca cp chnh i vo

Kch c ca cp trc gia cc tng

c lng cp nhnh

Kch thc ng cng i vo

Xc nh kiu ng i cp nhnh

Kch c ca ng i cp nhnh

Kch thc ca phng vin thng

Hnh 4. Trnh t thit k mng cp trong to nh - Vic thit k mng cp ng trong nh khch hng phi m bo chc nng cung cp dch v ca mng cp v dung lng p ng nhu cu s dng dch v hin ti v tng lai. - S lng v kiu ca cc phn h cp ph thuc vo v tr v kch thc ca khu vc v to nh, kh nng s dng dch v ca khch hng. - Ti mi khu vc b tr mt hoc mt s b phn phi tu theo din tch v s lng khch hng s dng dch v;

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- Mi to nh b tr mt hoc mt s b phn phi to nh tu theo quy m, din tch v s lng thit b s dng dch v; - Ti mi tng ti thiu phi s dng mt b phn phi tng; i vi cc tng c in tch ln hn 1000 m2 th c mi 1000m2 b tr mt b phn phi tng. - Vic phn b cc b phn phi tng phi m bo chiu di ca cp l ngn nht, khong cch n cc hp u ni ngn nht v m bo cc yu cu truyn dn ca knh theo tiu chun ISO/IEC 11801. - Cc hp ni (u ra) c b tr m bo d truy nhp c. - Cc hp ni phi c c im nhn dng c nh ngi s dng c th nhn thy. - Cp trc ta nh phi c thit k m bo tui th ca h thng cp. - An ton cho mng cp, gn gng, - Thun tin cho khai thc v c tnh n m rng, nng cp hoc sa cha, thay th. - Trng hp nh thu bao c quy m ln, s dng nhiu cp th s dng cu cp, hoc ng cng ring cho cp thng tin, khng c i chung vi cp in lc. - Phi m bo rng, yu cu lp t cp vo ng cng hoc cu cp c tnh ton k, cong ca cp m bo quy nh trnh tnh trng thi cng xong, kim tra cho thy cp b hng. - Hn ch t chng cp ln nhau. - Vic lp t cp trong nh cc khch hng phi c thc hin sao cho hin tng nhiu c hn ch n mc ti a. t c iu ny cn lu mt s vn sau: + Ni t cho h thng cp: m bo rng v cp v v cc thit b trong h thng c in p gn bng khng; + V thit b: Nu cc v thit b khng ng p, dng nhiu c th chuyn qua ng cp tn hiu, gy nhiu cho h thng, thm ch lm h hng h thng; + Hiu ng che chn: bng cch tn dng s che chn hoc s dng cc lp che chn tch cc s hn ch nhiu n h thng. C th p dng mt s nguyn tc c bn sau y: * Tt c cc cp phi c ni ng p vi t . * S dng cp c che chn hoc i cp trong ng i vi cc cp quan trng hoc d b nh hng. * Ch b chung cc cp cng nhm. * Phi m bo rng cc thit b c th gy nhiu c cp in ring bit. - Yu cu v m quan

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- H thng cp c lp t trong nh thu bao phi m bo gn gng, hp l thun tin cho vic khai thc, bo dng cng nh nng cp, m rng h thng cp. - Bn knh cong ti thiu ca cp si ng phi m bo khng nh hn 10 ln ng knh ngoi ca cp.

2.3. Yu cu lp t cp ng trong ta nh; 2.3.1. Khong cch an ton Khong cch nh nht gia cp trong nh thu bao vi cc cng trnh khc ti khu vc nh thu bao phi m bo yu cu nh trong Bng 2.

Bng 1 - Khong cch nh nht gia cp thu bao vi cc cng trnh khc

Cng trnh kin trc khc ng dy in 1 pha 220V hoc ba pha 380 V k c cc dy dn t v dy trung tnh +Trn +Trong ng

Khong cch nh nht, mm

100 50

ng dy anten truyn thanh v truyn hnh Kim thu st v dy dn st Tt c cc dy t, tr dy dn tip t ca kim thu st Cc ng ng kim loi (ng nc, nc thi) v kt cu kim loi ca to nh Dy hoc cp ca cc h thng thng tin khc Cc ng ng dn kh t 50 150 50 50 100 1800

CH THCH: 1. Khong cch trong bng p dng vi c cc ch giao cho v i song song.

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2. Nu khng th t c khong cch ti thiu nh trong bng, cp thu bao phi c lp t trong ng nha PVC.

2.3.2. Loi cp v bng tn. Cp trong nh thu bao oc la chn ph hp vi bng tn v bng thng ca dch v nh sau: - Loi cp lp A bng tn cc i 100 kHz; - Loi cp lp B bng tn cc i 1 MHz; - Loi cp lp C bng tn cc i 16 MHz - Loi cp lp D bng tn cc i 100 MHz - Loi cp lp E bng tn cc i 250 MHz - Loi cp lp EA bng tn cc i 500 MHz - Loi cp lp F bng tn cc i 600 MHz - Loi cp lp FA bng tn cc i 1000 MHz

2.3.3 ng cng. ng cng lp t cp trong nh thu bao c th s dng loi ng trn hoc ng hnh ch nht. i vi ng trng, tu theo kch thc v dung lng cp lp t la chn ng cng lp t c ng knh thch hp theo Bng 2 di y:

Bng 2 C ng v c cp ln nht c th lp t

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ng knh trong ng (mm) 100 80 70 55 45 35 25

ng knh cho php ln nht ca cp lp t (mm) 80 60 50 38 30 25 12

V tr lp t ng cng chn ngm c u tin lp t theo cc v tr sau y: i di nn nh, trn tng. Ti cc v tr thay i gc phi m bo khi lp t cp khng b un cong qu mc cho php.

Hnh 5 - ng cng vung i ngm di sn nh

2.3.4. ng ghen lp ni Trng hp khng lp t c ng ngm, s dng ng ghen lp ni trn tng lp t cp ng. Vic lp t ng ghen nha trn tng phi la chn v tr ph hp m bo m quan, u tin lp t gn sn nh. ng ghen c lp thng ng hoc nm ngang theo mt sn nh. Khi khoan lp t ng ghen c bit lu kim tra cc cng trnh ngm trong tng nh cp in, ng nc v.v. m bo khng khoan phi cc cng trnh ngm . Khong cch gia hai v tr nh v ng ghen vo tng khng ln hn 1,5 m.

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2.3.5 Lp t cp 2.3.5.1 Cp i trong ng ngm, ng ghen lp ni. - Cp c lp t vo ng ngm hoc ng ghen bng phng php ko trc tip dng dy mi hoc dng phng php bn cp. Khi ko cp khng tc ng lc t bin. - Cp thu bao phi lin tc khng c hn ni bn trong ng.

2.3.5.2 Cp i ni trn b mt tng Cp thu bao si ng phi g lp chc chn, c bo v v khng b nh hng do cc hot ng ca con ngi gy ra. Khng lp t ti cc v tr c th b h hng do cc yu t v c, l, ho. - Lp t cp thu bao phi cch xa cp in v cc thit b in m bo khong cch nh trong bng 1. Khng c php ko cp thu bao vo cng mt ng hoc l vi ng dy in. Trng hp giao cho cp in, cp ng phi i trong ng PVC vung gc vi cp in di ra v hai pha t nht l 25 mm nh m t trn Hnh 6 hoc lp t cu g phn cch dy ti thiu 6 mm bn trn cp in di ra v hai pha t nht l 25 mm nh m t trn Hnh 7.

ng PVC Cp thu bao

Cp in

Hnh 6 - S dng ng PVC ti ch giao cho Cp thu bao

Cp in Cu g Hnh 7 - S dng cu g phn cch ti ch giao cho CH THCH: Trong trng hp cp in i trong ng, khng cn s dng ng hoc cu g cho cp thu bao ti ch giao cho. - Cp i trn tng:

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+ V tr cp thu bao gn trn tng phi cao hn ca s hoc ca ra vo t nht l 20 cm. + Cp thu bao i trn tng phi theo chiu nm ngang hoc thng ng v v tr t c th nhn thy nht. + Cp v tr c kh nng b h hng phi bo v cp bng ng dn cp. + Cc v tr nh v cp vi tng phi nm v mt pha i vi c on cp. Cc v tr nh v phi nm v pha trong ca ch un cong cp nh m t trn hnh 8. i vi cc on cp un cong hoc gp khc phi s dng chi tit nh v v tr so vi gc vung l 10 cm nh hnh 8. + Cp thu bao i vng pha ngoi gc tng phi dng bng m qun quanh cp. + i vi cc on cp i ngang, chi tit nh v phi c t cch nhau khng qu 40 cm vi cp c ng knh ln hn hoc bng 25 mm v khng qu 60 cm vi cp c ng knh nh hn 25 mm. + i vi on cp i dc, cc chi tit nh v phi c t cch nhau khng qu 60 cm vi tt c cc c cp.

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Hnh 8 - Cp i trn tng v vng pha trong v pha ngoi tng 2.4. Yu cu thit k cp quang H thng cp si quang c thit k phi m bo cc yu cu nh sau: - Cp phn phi tng phi c thit k h tr rng nht cc ng dng c v s c v v vy s c thi gian phc v di nht. Vic ny s gim nh h hng v gi thnh i cp trong khu vc lm vic. - Cp trc ta nh phi c thit k m bo tui th ca h thng cp. - An ton cho mng cp, gn gng, - Thun tin cho khai thc v c tnh n m rng, nng cp hoc sa cha, thay th.

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- Trng hp nh thu bao c quy m ln, s dng nhiu cp th s dng cu cp, hoc ng cng ring cho cp thng tin, khng nn s dng chung vi cp in lc. - Phi m bo rng, yu cu lp t cp vo ng cng hoc cu cp c tnh ton k, cong ca cp m bo quy nh trnh tnh trng thi cng xong, kim tra cho thy cp b hng. - Yu cu v m quan - Nu c cc cp khc t chng ln cp quang th phi dng thm ng bo v cho cp quang; - H thng cp c lp t trong nh thu bao phi m bo gn gng, hp l thun tin cho vic khai thc, bo dng cng nh nng cp, m rng h thng cp. - Bn knh cong ca cp phi khng c nh hn 20 ln ng knh ngoi ca cp; - Khi lp cp dng thng ng, phi m bo trng lng ca cp khng c vt qu ti cng ln nht ca cp khi lp t; - Cp i thng ng c kp ph tr ti cc im trung gian gim ti ko cng ca cp. Lc cng ca cp phi m bo nh hn trng lng 1 km cp; - Khng c cp bin dng, bp trong bt c on no. Kp gi cp phi phng, nhn trnh nh hng n cp. Dy nhy cp cn c lun trong ng nha mm ti nhng v tr cn thit; - Nu khng dng kp cp th c th s dng b treo cp ti cui cp v trung gian dc theo phng i ln treo cp. B treo cp phi khng c lm bin dng cp. Ti ch treo cp c th tht cht cp trnh trng hp cp b trt ra ngoi. Trng hp c b treo cp c gn ln x, tng th phi m bo chc chn rng un cong ca cp khng vt qu quy nh. 2.5. Yu cu lp t cp quang trong ta nh - Cp si quang c lp trong ng nha ngm trong tng hoc gn ni trn b mt tng. - Khi lp t cp si quang trong ng nha ngm, nu khong cch ga 1 u ng ln v c v tr gp khc phi dng phng php bn cp lun cp. - Trong qu trnh thi cng khng c cp b un cong qu mc cho php (20 ln ng knh cp) - Cc thng s c hc v truyn dn phi m bo cc quy nh trong tiu chun IEC 11801.

2.6. Yu cu v kt ni phn cng ca cp ng, cp quang. *) Yu cu v kt ni phn cng ca cp ng Cp ng c hn ni bng mng xng v t, hp cp Yu cu k thut ca phin ni cp ng s dng trong mng xng, t, hp cp phi m bo nh

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sau: Bng 3 - Suy hao xen vo ca phn cng ni cp ng Tn s, MHz 1 4 8 10 16 20 25 31,25 62,5 100 Loi 3 (dB) 58 46 39,9 38,0 33,9 Loi 5 (dB) 65 65 64,9 63,0 58,9 57,0 55,0 53,1 47,1 43

Bng 4 - Suy hao xuyn m u gn ca phn cng kt ni cp ng Tn s, MHz 1 4 8 10 16 20 25 31,25 62,5 100 Loi 3 (dB) 58,0 46 39,9 38,0 33,9 Loi 5 (dB) 65 65 64,9 63,0 58,9 57 55 53,1 47,1 43,0

Bng 5 - Suy hao phn x ca phn cng kt ni cp ng Tn s, MHz 1 4 8 10 16 Loi 5 (dB) 30,0 30,0 30,0 30,0 30,0

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20 25 31,25 62,5 100

30,0 30,0 30,0 24,1 20,0

Bng 6 - Suy hao xuyn m u xa ca phn cng kt ni cp ng Tn s, MHz 1 4 8 10 16 20 25 31,25 62,5 100 Loi 5 (dB) 65 63,1 57 55,1 51,0 49,1 47,1 45,2 39,2 35,1

Bng 7 - in tr vng,mt chiu ca phn cng kt ni cp ng

Cat 3 (dB) in tr vng mt chiu () 0,3

Cat 5e (dB) 0,2

Bng 8 Cc c tnh c kh v quang ca phn cng kt ni cp quang c tnh c kh v quang a) Yu cu Thnh phn hoc tiu chun o v ng knh mode) mode) b) Tng thch u cui cp hoc IEC (n

Kch thc vt l (ch u ra vin Kch c u ni IEC 60874-19-3 (a thng) 60874-19-2

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ng knh ngoi bnh thng, m

125

IEC 60793-2, mc 5 (A1a, A1b) v 32.2 (B1)

ng knh m bnh thng, mm ng knh ngoi cng ca cp, mm c) d) Chu k chu ng c kh (Tnh bn) Thc hin truyn dn i c ci Suy hao xen vo ln Khc nht, dB nht, dB Mng xng n mode Suy hao phn x ln a mode 0,75 0,3 20 35

500

IEC 60794-2, 6.1 IEC 60794-2, 6.1 IEC 61300-2-2 IEC 61300-3-34 IEC 61073-1 IEC 61300-3-6

Ti liu tham kho 1. TCN 68 - 254 : 2006: Cng trnh ngoi vi vin thng Tiu chun k thut
2. L.76 Cc yu cu cp ng vi mt s k thut bao gm cp trong nh v cu trc cp 3. TIA/EIA-568-B.2 Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard Part 2: Balanced Twisted-Pair Cabling Components 4. Bulletin 1753F-801(PC-5A) RUS Standard for Service Installations at Customer Access Locations

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