Phn 1

CU TO NGUYN T - NH LUT TUN HON LIN KT HO HC Bi 1. Hai nguyn t X, Y iu kin thng u l cht rn. S mol ca X trong 8,4g nhiu hn 0,15 mol so vi s mol ca Y c trong 6,4g. Bit MY MX = 8. Tm X v Y. Bi 2. Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s cc ht l 180. Trong tng s cc ht mang in nhiu gp 1,432 ln tng s ht khng mang in. * Vit cu hnh electron ca X. * D on tnh cht ho hc c bn ca X. * Dng n cht X tc dng c vi nhng cht no cho di y: HCl, Fe, Cu, O2, H2, S, H2O, NaOH. Bi tp sch gii ton ho 10 Bi 3. Mt nguyn t R c tng s cc ht l 115. S ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 25 ht. Tm s proton, s khi v gi tn R. Bi tp sch gii ton ho 10 Bi 4. 35 Cho 3 nguyn t M, X, R trong R l ng v 17 Cl. * Trong nguyn t M c hiu s: (s n) - (s p) = 3. * Trong nguyn t M v X c hiu s (s p trong M) - (s p trong X) = 6. * Tng s n trong nguyn t M v X l 36. * Tng s khi cc nguyn t trong phn t MCl l 76. (n, p l s ntron v proton). a. Tnh s khi ca M v X. b. Hy nu tnh cht ho hc c bn ca cc nguyn t M, R, X. c. Vit phng trnh phn ng iu ch M t MCl v iu ch X t oxit ca X.
thi H Ngoi Thng Tp HCM 2001

Bi 5. Tng s ht proton, ntron, electron trong 2 nguyn t kim loi A v B l 142, trong tng s ht mang in nhiu hn tng s ht khng mang in l 42. S ht mang in ca nguyn t B nhiu hn ca A l 12. * Xc nh 2 kim loi A, B. Cho bit s hiu nguyn t ca mt s nguyn t: Na(Z = 11), Mg(Z = 12), Ca(Z=20), Al(Z = 13), K(Z = 19), Fe(Z = 26), Cu (Z=29), Zn(Z = 30). * Vit cc phng trnh phn ng iu ch A t mui cacbonat ca A v iu ch B t mt oxit ca B. thi H khi B nm 2003 Bi 6. C Mt nguyn t c 3 ng v: ZA X (92,3%), ZB X (4,7%), Z X (3,0%). Bit tng s khi ca 3 ng v l 87. Tng khi lng ca 200 ng v nguyn t X l 5621,4. Mt khc s ntron trong ZB X nhiu hn ZA X 1 n v. * Tm cc s khi A, B, C * Bit ZA X c s proton bng s ntron. Tm X. Bi tp sch gii ton ho 10 Bi 8. Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s ht c bn l 82, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 22. Xc nh s hiu nguyn t, s khi v tn nguyn t. - Vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t X v cc ion to thnh t X.

- Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra khi cho X ln lt tc dng vi dung dch Fe2(SO4)3 v axit HNO3 c, nng. thi H Xy Dng 2001 Bi 7. Nguyn t X c 2 ng v l I v II. S nguyn t ca 2 ng v ny trong hn hp c t l tng ng l 27:23. Ht nhn ng v I c 35 proton v 44 ntron. ng v II c cha nhiu ntron hn ng v I l 2. Tnh khi lng phn t trung bnh ca X.
thi H Y Thi Bnh 2001

Bi 9. Cation R+ c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 2p6. a. Vit cu hnh electron v s phn b electron trong obitan ca nguyn t R b. Nguyn t R thuc chu k no? Phn nhm no? Nguyn t g? Gii thch bn cht lin kt ca R vi halogen. c. Tnh cht ho hc c trng ca R l g? Ly 2 v d minh ho. d. T R+ lm th no iu ch ra R. e. Anion X- c cu hnh ging R+. X l nguyn t g? Vit cu hnh electron ca n.
24 B..T.S

Bi 10. Trong mi nguyn t c m t di y, hy xc nh: * S th t ca nguyn t trong bng h thng tun hon. * V tr (chu k, phn nhm) ca nguyn t trong bng h thng tun hon. * S in t c thn (cha ghp cp) ca nguyn t trng thi c bn. * D on tnh cht c bn ca nguyn t (kim loi hay phi kim). a. Nguyn t A: mt nguyn t ca nguyn t ny c tng s cc ht l 76; t s gia cc ht khng mang in i vi cc ht mang in trong ht nhn l 1,17. b. Nguyn t B: v nguyn t ca nguyn t ny c 1 in t lp th 7. c. Nguyn t C: tng s electron p ca mi nguyn t l 17. d. Nguyn t D: tng s electron lp th 3 trong nguyn t l 16.
thi Olympic PTNK Tp. H Ch Minh

Bi 11. Cho cc ion A+ v B2-, u c cu hnh electron l 2s22p6. a. Vit cu hnh electron ca A v B, vit phng trnh phn ng ca A vi B, gi tn sn phm C, D to thnh. b. Cho C, D tc dng vi nc d thu c dung dch X, kh Y. * Dung dch X tc dng va 600ml dung dch HCl 0,5M. * Kh Y tc dng ht 448ml C2H2 (ktc). Tnh lng C, D dng.
thi Olympic PTTH L Qu n Tp HCM

Bi 12. Ba nguyn t X, Y, Z c tng s in tch ht nhn bng 16, hiu in tch ht nhn X v Y l 1, tng s electron trong ion X3Y- l 32. a. Tm tn 3 nguyn t X, Y, Z. b. Xc nh cng thc phn t, vit cng thc cu to cc hp cht c to ra c 3 nguyn t. thi Olympic PTTH L Qu n Tp HCM Bi 13. Hp cht H c cng thc MAx trong M chim 46,67% v khi lng. M l kim loi, A l phi kim chu k 3. Trong ht nhn ca M c n p = 4, trong ht nhn ca A c n = p. Tng s proton trong MAx l 58. Xc nh tn nguyn t, s khi ca M, s th t A trong h thng tun hon. Vit cu hnh electron ca M v A. 50 B..T.S

Bi 14. Tng s cc ht c bn trong nguyn t ca 2 nguyn t M v X l M = 82 v X = 52. M v X to hp cht MXa, trong phn t ca hp cht ny c tng s ht proton l 77. Vit cu hnh electron ca M v X. T xc nh v tr v tnh cht ho hc c bn ca chng. thi HSG tnh Bc Giang 1998 Bi 15. Mt kim loi M c khi lng l 54. Tng s cc ht trong M2+ l 78. * Hy xc nh s th t ca M trong bng h thng tun hon. Cho bit M l nguyn t no trong cc nguyn t di y: 54 54 54 54 25 Mn 26 Fe 27 Co 24 Cr * Vit phng trnh phn ng khi cho M(NO3)2 ln lt tc dng vi: Cl2, Zn, dung dch Ca(OH)2, dung dch AgNO3, dung dch HNO3 long (to kh NO) t cho bit tnh cht ho hc c bn ca M2+. thi H Thng Mi- 2001 Bi 16. Hp cht A c to thnh t ion M+ v ion X2-. Tng s 3 loi ht trong A l 140. Tng s cc ht mang in trong ion M+ ln hn tng s ht mang in trong ion X2- l 19. Trong nguyn t M, s ht proton t hn s ht ntron 1 ht; trong nguyn t X, s ht proton bng s ht ntron. Vit cu hnh electron ca M+ v X2- v gi tn cht A.
thi H An Giang 2001

Bi 17. Cho hp cht ion MX3 tng s cc ht c bn l 196, trong ht mang in nhiu hn ht khng mang in l 60 v MM - MX = 8. Tng s ht c bn trong X- ln hn trong M3+ l 16. Tm M, X. Bi 18. Trong phn t A2B gm ion A+ v B2- c tng s cc ht l 140, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 44. Mt khc, ngi ta bit s khi ca ion A + ln hn trong ion B2- l 23. Tng s ht trong ion A+ nhiu hn trong ion B2- l 31. * Xc nh in tch ht nhn ca A v B. * Vit cu hnh electron ca cc ion A+ v B2-. Bi 19. Mt hp cht to bi ion M+ v X22-. Trong phn t M2X2 c tng s ht c bn l 164, s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 52. S khi ca M ln hn ca X l 23. Tng s ht proton v ntron trong M+ nhiu hn trong X22- l 7 ht. Xc nh X v M, vit cu hnh electron ca mi nguyn t, t suy ra v tr v tnh cht c bn ca chng. Bi 20. Hp cht A c cng thc phn t M2X. * Tng s cc ht trong hp cht l 116, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 36. * Khi lng nguyn t X ln hn M l 9. * Tng s 3 loi ht trong X2- nhiu hn trong M+ l 17. a. Xc nh s hiu, s khi ca M v X. b. Cho 2,34g hp cht A tc dng vi dung dch M(NO3)2 thu c 2,8662g kt ta B. Xc nh khi lng nguyn t M. c. Nguyn t M trn c 2 ng v Y, Z bit tng s khi l 128. S nguyn t ng v Y = 0,37 s nguyn t ng v Z. Xc nh s khi ca Y, Z.

 thi Olympic PTTH Hng Vng

Bi 21. Cho bit tng s electron trong ion AB32- l 42. Trong ht nhn ca A cng nh B s ht proton bng s ht ntron. 1. Tnh s khi ca A v B. 2. Vit cu hnh electron v s phn b trong obitan ca cc nguyn t A, B. 3. Trong hp cht AB2 c nhng loi lin kt g? 4. Ly v d minh ho A, B v hp cht AB2 c th ng vai tr cht oxi ho - kh trong cc phn ng ho hc. 5. Vit phn ng trc tip to ra AB32- t AB2 v ngc li. Bi 22. Hp cht A to thnh t cation X+ v anion Y2-. Mi ion u cha 5 nguyn t ca 2 nguyn t to nn. Tng s proton ca X+ l 11, tng s electron ca Y2- l 50. Xc nh cng thc phn t, gi tn A. Bit Y2- to nn t cc nguyn t thuc 2 chu k lin tip v cng phn nhm. 90 B..T.S Bi 23. Hp cht M to bi X+ v Y3-, c 2 ion u do 5 nguyn t ca 2 nguyn t to nn. A l mt nguyn t trong X+, B l mt nguyn t trong Y3-, A c s oxi ha -a. Trong cc hp cht A v B u c s oxi ho dng cao nht l a+2. Khi lng phn t ca M l 149, 3 + trong MY / MX ln hn 5. Tm cng thc phn t ca hp cht M. Bi 24. X, Y, R, A, B theo th t l 5 nguyn t lin tip trong h thng tun hon c tng s in tch ht nhn l 90. * Xc nh in tch ht nhn ca A, B, R, X, Y . Nhn xt v s bin i bn knh nguyn t, m in, tnh kim loi - phi kim v kh nng th hin tnh oxi ho - kh ca chng. * Vit cu hnh electron ca X2-, Y-, R, A+, B2+. * Trong cc phn ng oxi ho - kh X2-, Y- th hin tnh cht c bn g? V sao? * Cho dung dch A2X vo dung dch phn chua thy c kt ta xut hin v c kh thot ra. Gii thch? Vit phng trnh. Bi 25. Ba nguyn t X, Y, Z cng chu k c tng s hiu nguyn t l 39, s hiu nguyn t Y l trung bnh cng ca s hiu X v Z. Ba nguyn t hu nh khng phn ng vi nc iu kin thng. * Xc nh v tr X, Y, Z trong h thng tun hon. * So snh m in, bn knh nguyn t ca chng. * Tch 3 oxit ca chng ra khi hn hp. Bi 26. X, Y l 2 nguyn t trong cng 1 phn nhm chnh, thuc 2 chu k lin tip trong h thng tun hon. 1. Tng s ht proton, ntron v electron c trong mt loi nguyn t Y l 54, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in 1,7 ln. Hy xc nh s hiu nguyn t v s khi ca Y. 2. Vit cu hnh electron ca Y, xc nh v tr (chu k, nhm, phn nhm) v tn gi ca nguyn t Y.

3. Cho bit nguyn t X c th l nguyn t g? Xc nh tn gi ng ca X, nu xy ra phn ng sau: Y2 + 2NaX = X2 + 2NaY. Gii thch kt qu chn. Bi 27. X v Y l 2 nguyn t thuc cng phn nhm v 2 chu k lin tip trong bng h thng tun hon. Tng s cc ht mang in tch trong nguyn t X v Y l 52. Xc nh s th t ca X v Y, chng thuc nhm my, chu k my trong bng h thng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc? thi HV Ngn Hng 2001 Bi 28. Cho A, B, C l 3 nguyn t lin tip nhau trong mt chu k ca bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc. Tng s cc ht mang in trong thnh phn cu to nguyn t ca A, B, C bng 72. a. Bit s hiu nguyn t (Z) ca mt s nguyn t: Na = 11; Mg = 12; Al =13; Si = 14; P = 15; S = 16; Cl = 17. Hy xc nh s hiu nguyn t v gi tn A, B, C. b. Vit cu hnh electron ca A, B, C. c. Vit cng thc cc hidroxit ca A, B, C. Trnh by cch nhn bit 3 hidroxit ca A, B, C ring r trng thi rn, ch s dng mt loi dung mi ph bin.
thi H Quy Nhn 2001

Bi 29. Hai nguyn t A v B 2 phn nhm chnh lin tip trong h thng tun hon. B thuc phn nhm VA. trng thi n cht A, B khng phn ng vi nhau. Tng s proton trong ht nhn nguyn t A v B l 23. Vit cu hnh electron ca A v B. T cc n cht A, B v cc ho cht cn thit. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng iu ch 2 axit, trong A v B c s oxi ho dng cao nht. 4 B..T.S Bi 30. Hai nguyn t A, B thuc 2 chu k lin tip, c th to thnh cc anion A2- v B2- (u c cu hnh electron ca kh tr). S in tch ht nhn ca A v B hn km nhau 8 n v. Hy xc nh s hiu nguyn t ca A, B v vit cu hnh electron ca chng.
thi H Dn Lp Ngoi Ng - Tin hoc 2001

Bi 31. Hp cht X to bi 2 nguyn t A v B v c MX = 76. A v B c s oxi ho cao nht trong oxit l +nO v +mO, cc s oxi ho m trong hp cht vi hidro l -nH v -mH tho mn iu kin: nO = n H mO = 3mH v Tm cng thc phn t ca X bit A c s oxi ho cao nht trong X. Bi 32. A v B l hai nguyn t thuc cng phn nhm chnh v thuc hai chu k k tip nhau trong h thng tun hon. B v D l hai nguyn t k cn nhau trong cng mt chu k. * A c 6e lp ngoi cng, hp cht (X) ca A vi hidro cha 11,1% hidro. Tm khi lng phn t ca (X), suy ra tn A. * Hp cht (Y) c cng thc AD2 trong lp electron ngoi cng c cu hnh bn ging kh him. nh tn D. Gii thch s hnh thnh kin kt trong hp cht (Y). * Hp cht (Z) gm 3 nguyn t B, A, D c t l m A: mB: mD l 1: 1: 2,22. Khi lng phn t (Z) l 135. nh cng thc phn t v gii thch s hnh thnh lin kt trong phn t (Z), bit (Z) tc dng vi H2O, mt trong cc sn phm l H2SO4.
thi Olympic THPT chuyn Nguyn Du c Lc

Bi 33. Mt nguyn t M tc dng va vi 672ml kh X2 to ra 3,1968g mui A (hao ht 4%). S hiu ca nguyn t M bng 5/3 s khi ca R. Hp cht Z c 3 nguyn t to bi M v R tc dng vi hp cht HX gii phng ra mt kh hu c T v mui A. * Xc nh M, X v s khi ca R. * Vit cu hnh electron ca R, X, M, cng thc Z. * Tnh VT ktc thu c khi cho 7,68g Z tc dng hon ton vi HX.
Bi tp sch gii ton ho 10

Bi 34. A v B u phn nhm chnh. A tc dng vi HCl gii phng ra kh H2. S electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t B bng s lp electron ca nguyn t A. S hiu ca nguyn t A bng 7 ln s hiu ca nguyn t B. * Xc nh s hiu ca A v B v vit cu hnh electron ca chng. * A v B c th to c 2 hp cht X v Y vit CTCT v gii thch lin kt trong X v Y. Nu cch phn bit X v Y. Bi 35. 1. Da vo m in, hy sp xp theo chiu tng phn cc ca lin kt gia 2 nguyn t trong cc cht sau: CaO, MgO, CH4, AlN , N2, NaBr, BCl3, AlCl3. Phn t cht no c cha lin kt ion? Lin kt cng ho tr c cc, khng cc? (Cho m in ca O = 3,5; Cl = 3,0; Br = 2,8; Na = 0,9; Mg = 1,2; Ca = 1,0; C = 2,5; H = 2,1; Al = 1,5; N = 3; B = 2,0). 2. Cho 3 nguyn t A, M, X c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng (n = 3) tng ng l 1 ns , ns2p1, ns2p5. * Hy xc nh v tr ca A, M, X trong bng h thng tun hon. * Vit cc phng trnh phn ng dng ion theo s sau: A1 A(OH)m + MXy + A2(tan) + A1 + A(OH)m A1 A2 + HX + H2O + A1 + HX A3 (tan) + Trong A, M, X l cc nguyn t tm thy phn a. 34 B..T.S Bi 36. 1. ngha ca s Avogadro? Ly v d minh ho. 2. Cho bit khi lng ca nguyn t ca mt loi ng v ca Mg l 4,48.10 -23 gam; ca Al l 4,82.10-23gam, ca Fe l 8,96.10-23 gam. a. Hy tnh khi lng mol ca Mg, ion Al3+, ion Fe3+. b. Tnh s proton v ntron trong ht nhn nguyn t ca cc ng v trn, bit s th t nguyn t ca Mg, Al, Fe tng ng l 12, 13, 26. c. Tnh khi lng nguyn t (bng vC) ca cc ng v trn.
(Cho 1 vC = 1,66.10-27 kg). 89 B..T.S

Bi 37. 1. Nhng electron no l electron ho tr? Ti sao Ca ch c ho tr II cn Fe li c nhiu trng thi ho tr? Vit cu hnh electron ca: Fe, Fe2+, Fe3+, S2-. 2. Hy nu bn cht ca cc lin kt trong phn t cc cht: N2, AgCl, HBr, NH3, H2O2, NH4NO3, O2.

Bi 38. Cho 4,12g mui NaX tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 ta thu c 7,52g kt ta. * Tnh khi lng nguyn t ca X. * Nguyn t X c 2 ng v. Xc nh s khi ca mi loi ng v, bit rng - ng v th hai c s n trong ht nhn nhiu hn trong ng v th nht l 2 - Phn trm ca cc ng v bng nhau. Bi 39. Cho 14,799 g mui clorua ca kim loi M tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d thu c 30,3072 g kt ta AgCl (H = 96%). * Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra v tm M. Bit M< 90. * Nguyn t M c hai ng v l X v Y, c tng s khi l 128. S nguyn t ng v X bng 0,37 ln s nguyn t ng v Y. Tnh s khi ca X v Y. Bi 40. Tng s ht p, n, e ca mt nguyn t A l 16, trong mt nguyn t B l 58, trong mt nguyn t D l 180. Tm s p, n v s khi ca cc nguyn t A, B, D. Bit rng s chnh lch gia s khi v khi lng nguyn t trung bnh khng qu 1 n v. Bi 41. Nguyn t X c tng s ht bng 126. S n nhiu hn s e l 12 ht. * Tnh s p v s khi ca X. * Nguyn t ny gm 3 ng v X, Y, Z. S khi X bng trung bnh cng ca s khi ca Y v Z. Hiu s n ca Y v Z gp 2 ln s p ca nguyn t H. Tnh s khi ca Y& Z. Bi 42. X l mt kim loi ho tr hai. Ho tan hon ton 6,082g X vo HCl d thu c 5,6 lit H 2 (ktc). * Tm KLNT v tn nguyn t X. * X c ba ng v. Bit tng s khi ca 3 ng v l 75. S khi ca ng v th nh bng trung bnh cng s khi ca hai ng v kia. ng v th nht c s p bng s e. ng v th ba chim 11,4% s nguyn t v c s n nhiu hn ng v th hai 1 n v. - Tm s khi v s n ca mi loi ng v - Tm % v s nguyn t ca hai ng v cn li * Khi c 50 nguyn t ca ng v th hai th c bao nhiu nguyn t ca cc ng v cn li Bi 43. Ht nhn 3 nguyn t A, B, D Ln lt cha: 10 p + 10 n; 11p + 12 n; 17p + 18n: a) Xc nh khi lng ca mi nguyn t. b) Vit cu hnh e ca chng . c) Xc nh tnh kim loi phi kim ca chng. Bi 44. Vit cu hnh e, tm s hiu nguyn t trong cc trng hp sau: 1) Nguyn t A c s e phn lp 3d ch bng mt na phn lp 4 s. 2) Nguyn t B c ba lp e vi 7 e lp ngoi cng . 3) Ba nguyn t X, Y, Z c s hiu ln lt l ba s nguyn lin tip, tng s e ca 3 nguyn t l 39. Bi 45. X, Y l 2 kim loi c e cui cng l 3p1 v 3d6. Khi cho 8,3 gam hn hp X, Y vo dung dch HCl 0,5M hn hp tan ht v thu c 5,6 lit kh (ktc).

* Xc nh tn X, Y. * Tnh khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp v th tch dung dch cn phn ng . Bi 46. 1) Hai nguyn t X, Y to thnh hn hp XY2 c c im : * Tng s p trong hp cht bng 32 * Hiu s n ca X v Y bng 8. Xc nh X, Y. Bit cc nguyn t X, Y s p = s n. 2) Chia hp cht A to bi kim loi M v X lm hai phn: * Phn 1 cho tc dng vi Y2d thu kh B * Phn 2 cho tc dng vi HCl d thu c kh C Trn kh B v C c kt ta vng nng 7,296g( hao ht 5%) v cn li cht kh m khi gp nc clo to thnh dung dch D. cho D tc dng vi dung dch AgNO 3 to thnh 22,96g kt ta trng. - Vit phng trnh phn ng dng tng qut bit kim loi M phn nhm chnh. - Xc nh CTPT, CTCT ca A bit khi lng cht A dng l 13g. Bi 47. Cho mg kim loi X tc dng va vi 7,81g kh clo thu c 14,05943g mui clorua vi hiu sut 95%. Kim loi X c hai ng v A v B c c im: - Tng s phn t trong hai nguyn t bng 186. - Hiu s ht khng mang in ca A v B bng 2. - Mt hn hp c 3600 nguyn t A v B. Nu ta thm vo hn hp ny 400 nguyn t A th hm lng % ca nguyn t B trong hn hp t hn trong hn hp ban u l 7,3%. a) Xc nh khi lng m v khi lng nguyn t ca kim loi X. b) Xc nh s khi ca A, B v s p. c) Xc nh s nguyn t A c trong khi lng mui ni trn. Bi 48. Mt nguyn t phi kim R c hai ng v X v Y. Cho kim loi Fe tc dng vi X, Y ta ln lt c hai mui X v Y c t l khi lng phn t l 293/299. Bit rng t s s nguyn t X v Y trong R bng 109/91 v tng s n ca X v Y bng 4,5 ln s hiu nguyn t ca nguyn t chu k 4, phn nhm chnh nhm hai. Mt khc khi cho mui NaR tc dng va vi 40/3g dung dch AgNO3 25,5% ta c 3,7582g mui bc ( hiu sut 100%). a) Xc nh khi lng nguyn t R. b) Xc nh s khi ca X v Y. c) Vit cu hnh e ca R. V tr ca R trong bng HTTH.

************ Phn 2
PHN NG OXI HO - KH Bi 1. Cn bng cc phn ng sau bng phng php thng bng electron. a. 1. Al + HNO3 Al(NO3)3 + N2O + H2O 2. FeSO4 + KMnO4 + H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + MnSO4 + H2O 3. FeS + O2 + SO2 to Fe2O3 4. Fe + H2SO4 c Fe2(SO4)3 + H2S + H2O 5. As2S3 + HNO3 + H2O H3 AsO4 + H2SO4 + NO 6. H2O2 + KMnO4 + H2SO4 O2 + K2SO4 + MnSO4 + H2O 7. C6H5NO2 + Fe + H2O C6H5NH2 + Fe3O4 8. K2SO3 + KMnO4 + KHSO4 K2SO4 + MnSO4 + H2O 9. C12H22O11 + H2SO4 c + H2O to CO2 + SO2 to 10. C6H12O6+ KMnO4+ H2SO4 CO2 + K2SO4 + MnSO4 + H2O b. 1. CuFeS2 + Fe2(SO4)3+ O2 + H2O to CuSO4 + FeSO4 + H2SO4 2. CrI3 + KOH + Cl2 K2CrO4 + KIO4 + MnSO4 + H2O 3. P + NH4ClO4 + Cl2 + H2O to H3PO4 + N2 4. Al + NaNO3 + NaOH NaAlO2 + NH3 + H2O 5. Ca3(PO4)2 + SiO2 + C + CaSiO3+ CO to P4 to 6. FeS2 + HNO3 + HCl FeCl3 + H2SO4 + NO + H2O 7. Cu2FeS2 + O2 + Fe2O3 + SO2 to CuO 8. C2H5OH + I2 + NaOH CH3I + HCOONa + NaI + H2O 9. KNO2 + KI + H2SO4 I2 + NO + K2SO4 + H2O 10.K2Cr2O7 + FeSO4+ H2SO4 Cr2(SO4)3+ K2SO4 + Fe2(SO4)3+ H2O c.1. FexOy + HCl + H2O FeCl2y/x + 3+ 2. M2Ox + H + NO3 + NO + H2O M 23. H2S + SO2 + OH S2O3 + H2O 2+ 4. H2O2 + Mn + NH3 MnO2 + NH4+

5. MxOy + HNO3 6. FexOy + H2SO4 c 7. M2(CO3)n + HNO3 8. Fe3O4 + HNO3 9. HxIyOz + H2S 10. FexOy + HNO3

M(NO3)n + NO + H2O to Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + H2O M(NO3)m + NO + CO2 + H2O Fe(NO3)3 + NxOy + H2O +S + H2O I2 Fe(NO3)3 + NnOm + H2O

d. 1. n-C4H10 + KMnO4 + H2SO4 to CH3COOH + K2SO4 + MnSO4 + H2O 2. C2H4 + KMnO4 + H2O C2H4(OH)2 + KOH + MnO2 3. C2H2 + KMnO4 (COOK)2 + KOH + MnO2 + H2O 4. CnH2n + KMnO4 + H2O CnH2n(OH)2+ KOH + MnO2 5. CnH2n-2+ KMnO4 + H2O CnH2n-2O4 + KOH + MnO2 to 6. C6H5C2H5 + KMnO4 C6H5COOK + K2CO3 + MnO2 + KOH + H2O 7. CxHyOH + CuO to Cx-1Hy-2CHO + Cu + H2O 8. CH3CH(OH)CH3 + CuO to CH3COCH3 + Cu + H2O 9. CxHy(CHO)n+AgNO3+NH3 + H2O to CxHy(COONH4)n + Ag + NH4NO3 10. CxHyNO2 + Zn + HCl to CxHyNH3Cl + ZnCl2 Bi 2. Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng sau. A. 1. F2 + H2O 2. HF + SiO2 3. Cl2 + H2O 4. MnO2 + dd HCl 5. Cl2 + dd NaOH 6. Fe + Cl2 to 7. KClO3 + C 8. Cl2 + dd NaBr dp 9. dd NaCl 10. Br2 + dd KOH to 11. F2 + dd NaCl 12. Cl2 + dd Ca(OH)2 13. NaF + dd HCl 14. Fe + I2 to dkt 15. Br2 + dd KOH 16. MnO2 + CaCl2 + dd H2SO4 17. FeSO4 + dd Br2 18. Fe3O4 + Cl2 + H2SO4 long 19. FexOy + HCl 20. FeCl2 + KMnO4 + H2SO4 to 21. H2S + dd Cl2 22. Cu + H2SO4 c to 23. Fe + H2SO4 c 24. FeS2 + O2 to 25. CuS2 + H2SO4 26. FeS2 + H2SO4 c to 27. dd H2S + O2 khng kh 28. H2S + dd CuSO4 to 29. H2S + O2 30. CuS + O2 to dkt 31. dd H2S + O2 32. Fe3O4 + H2SO4 long 33. Fe3O4 + H2SO4 c 34. FexOy + H2SO4 long to 35. FexOy + H2SO4 c 36. FeS2 + H2SO4 long 37. O3 + dd KI 38. KNO2 + KMnO4 + H2SO4 to 39. S + dd NaOH 40. H2C2O4+ KMnO4 + H2SO4 to dkt 41. KNO3 + C + S 42. C12H22O11 + H2SO4 c to 43. Cu2FeS2 + O2 44. C12H22O11 + H2SO4 c to 45. FeS2 + HNO3c 46. H2S + SO2 to 47. H2S + H2SO4 c 48. H2S + HNO3 c

10

49. S + H2SO4 c to dkt 51. O3 + Ag 53. KMnO4 to 55. FeSO4 + dd Br2 57. Cu + HCl + O2 59. B. 1. Zn + HNO3 rt long 3. FexOy + HNO3 c 5. Zn(NO3)2 + dd NH3 d 7. NH3 + O2 to to, p 9. NH3 + CO2 11. P2O5 + HNO3 13. P2O5 + H2SO4 c 15. FeCl3 + dd CH3NH2 17. dd AgNO3 + NaOH 19. KHSO4 + dd BaCl2 21. AlCl3 + dd NaAlO2 23. FeCl3 + dd Na2SO3 25. AlCl3 + ddNH3 d 27. CO2 + dd NaAlO2 29. NaNO3 to 31. CuNO3 to 33. NH4NO3 to 35. 36. 39. C. 1. Na2O2 + H2O 3. NaH + H2O 5. Ba + dd NH4Cl 180 C 7. CaSO4.2H2O 9. Al + dd Ba(OH)2 11. Fe + H2O hi to 13. FexOy + CO to 15. Fe + dd AgNO3 d 17. CuSO4 + dd KI 19. Zn2P3 + H2O 21. Au + HNO3 + HCl 23. 24. 27. 28. 31. 33.
0

50. S + HNO3 c 52. KClO3 to dkt 54. S + Hg 56. Na + dd CuSO4 58. 60. 2. Fe3O4 + HNO3 NxOy + 4. NH3 + dd AlCl3 6. NH3 + Cl2 to t , xt 8. NH3 + O2 10. Ur + dd Ca(OH)2 12. NO2 + dd NaOH 14. AlCl3 + dd Na2CO3 16. CO2 + dd NaAlO2 18. dd AgNO3 +NH3 d 20. KHSO4+ dd KHCO3 22. ZnCl2 + dd NaOH 24. KHSO4 + NaHS 26. NaNO3 + HCl + Cu 28. KHSO4 + Na2CO3 30. Mg(NO3)2 to 32. AgNO3 to 34. NH4NO3 to 36. 38. 40. 2. Na3N + H2O 4. Mg + H2O hi to 6. Mg + H2O hi to 360 C 8. CaSO4.2H2O 10. FeCl3 + dd HI 12. Fe2O3.MgO + H2 to 14. Fe + dd AgNO3 thiu 16. FeI2 + H2SO4 c 18. dd CuSO4 dp 20. CuSO4 + KCN (CN)2+.. 22. 24. 26. 28. 30. 32. 34.
0 0

11

************ Bi 3. 1. Ly v d minh ho axit c th ng vai tr l cht kh, cht oxi ho hoc ch l mi trng trong cc phn ng oxi ho - kh. 2. Cc cht v cc ion sau ng vai tr g trong cc phn ng oxi ho - kh: Zn, S, Cl2, FeO, SO2, CuO, Fe2+, Fe3+, Cl-, NH3, NO3-, SO32-, H+, H2O. 3. Dng phn ng ho hc chng minh H c tnh kh mnh hn H 2 v O3 c tnh oxi ho mnh hn O2. Bi 4. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra di dng ion khi cho: - Mg d vo dung dch cha Cu(NO3)2 v HCl bit sau phn ng thu c hn hp kh gm N2 v H2. - Dung dch cha H2SO4 v FeSO4 tc dng vi dung dch cha NaOH v Ba(OH)2 d. - Cho NO2 tc dng vi dung dch KOH d. Sau ly dung dch thu c cho tc dng vi Zn sinh ra hn hp kh NH3 v H2. - Cho Na tan ht trong dung dch AlCl3 thu c kt ta. Bi 5. Ho tan Fe3O4 trong dung dch H2SO4 long d c dung dch A. Cho 1 lng Fe va vo dung dch A thu c dung dch B. Cho dung dch B tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH)2 d, lc kt ta ra sch v nung trong khng kh c hn hp rn. Vit cc PTP xy ra. Bi 6. Ho tan hn hp FeS2 v FeCO3 vo dung dch HNO3 c, nng thu c dung dch A v hn hp kh. Cho dung dch A tc dng vi BaCl2 d to kt ta trng v dung dch B. Cho dung dch B tc dng vi NaOH c kt ta nu . Vit phng trnh phn ng dng phn t v ion thu gn H Bch Khoa 1998 Bi 7. Cho hn hp gm FeS2 v FeCO3 tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO3 c, nng thu c dung dch A v hn hp kh B gm NO2, CO2. Thm dung dch BaCl2 vo dung dch A. Hp th hn hp kh B bng dung dch NaOH d. Vit phng trnh phn t v phng trnh ion rt gn ca cc phn ng xy ra. thi H v C khi B-2003 Bi 8. Cho bt nhm tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 long, d c dung dch A, kh N2O. Cho dung dch NaOH d vo A c dung dch B, kh C. Cho dung dch H2SO4 long vo B n d. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng. thi H Cng on 2001

12

Bi 9. Vit phng trnh phn ng ca cc cht : KMnO4, Mg, FeS, Na2SO3 vi dung dch HCl. Cc kh thu c th hin tnh oxi ho - kh nh th no? thi H Cng on-2001 Bi 10. Cho kalipemanganat tc dng vi axit clohiric c thu c mt cht kh mu vng lc. Dn kh thu c vo dung dch KOH nhit thng v vo dung dch KOH c un nng 1000C. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra.
thi H v C khi A 2003

Bi 11. X l hp cht ho hc to ra trong hp kim gm Fe v C trong c 6,67% cacbon v khi lng. Thit lp cng thc ca X. Ho tan X trong HNO3 c nng thu c dung dch A v hn hp kh B. Cho A, B ln lt tc dng vi NaOH d.

13

************

Phn 3
BI TP V T KHI Bi 1. a) T khi hi ca mt hn hp kh N2 v H2 so vi O2. Tm %V v %m ca mi cht trong 29,12 lt hn hp. b) Cn thm bao nhiu lt N2 vo 29,12 lt hn hp trn nhm thu c mt hn hp c t khi so vi O2 bng 0,46875. (Cc th tch kh u o ktc) Bi 2. Tm KLPT ca 2 kh A v B, bit rng: - T khi hi ca hn hp ng th tch ca A v B so vi He l 7,5. - T khi hi ca hn hp ng khi lng ca A v B so vi O2 l 11/15. Bi 3. Mt hn hp kh gm N2 v H2 c t khi so vi H2 bng 3,6. Sau khi nung nng mt thi gian vi st bt 5500C th thy t khi ca hn hp tng v bng 4,5. - Tnh %V v %m cc cht trc khi nung. - Tnh hiu sut ca phn ng. Bi 4. Khi ho tan 2,72g hn hp CaC2v Al4C3 vo dung dch HCl 2M ngi ta thu c mt lng kh c t khi so vi H2 l 10. - Xc nh %m cc cht trong hn hp u. - Tnh VHCl ti thiu cn dng v Vkh thu c 27,30C, 836 mmHg Bi 5. Cho 4,59g Al tc dng vi HNO3 (gii phng ra hn hp kh NO, N2O) c t khi hi so vi H2 l 16,75. a) Tnh th tch kh NO v th tch ca kh N2O ktc. b) Tnh khi lng HNO3 tham gia phn ng. Bi 23-66-GTH11 Bi 6. Cho 28,2g hp kim (Al, Mg, Ag) tan ht vo dung dch HNO3 thu c hn hp kh (N2, NO, NO2) c th tch 8,96 lt (ktc) v dhh/H2= 16,75. Tnh phn trm khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp (bit khi tc dng vi HNO3 th Mg cho ra N2, Al cho ra NO v Ag cho ra NO2).

14

Bi 7. Cho 4,48 lt hn hp X gm H2 v Cl2 (ktc) vo bnh thu tinh ln, sau khi chiu sng, ngng phn ng c hn hp Y, trong c 30% HCl v th tch v th tch Cl2 gim xung cn 20% so vi lng ban u. a. Tnh s mol cc kh trong hn hp Y. b. Cho hn hp Y i qua 40g dung dch KOH 14% 1000C c dung dch Z. Tnh nng phn trm cc cht trong dung dch Z. Olympic THPT L Qu n Tp HCM Bi 8. un nng hn hp gm bt st v bt lu hunh, sau phn ng kt thc cho ton b hn hp rn thu c vo dung dch HCl c d thu c 4,48 lt hn hp kh A ( ktc) c t khi so vi H2 bng 9. a. Tnh %m st v lu hunh trong hn hp u. b. Nu cho ton b kh A vo 662 gam dung dch Pb(NO3)2 10% th thu c bao nhiu gam kt ta. Olympic THPT G Vp Tp HCM Bi 9. t chy cht X bng lng oxi va thu c hn hp kh CO2 v SO2 c t khi so vi H2 l 28,667 v t khi hi ca X so vi khng kh b hn 3. Xc nh cng thc phn t, cng thc cu to, cng thc electron. b. Hn hp Y cha 0,06 mol SO2 v 0,006 mol CO2. Dn hn hp Y vo dung dch NaOH th c t nht hoc nhiu nht my mui? Trong mi trng hp u ghi phn ng v nu r nguyn nhn.
thi Olympic THPT LQu n Qung Tr

Bi 10. A l hn hp kh gm N2 v H2 c t khi so vi O2 bng 0,225. Dn hn hp A vo bnh c cht xc tc thch hp, un nng phn ng tng hp amoniac xy ra th thu c hn hp kh B c t khi so vi O2 l 0,25. Tnh hiu sut qu trnh tng hp amoniac v phn trm th tch cc kh trong B. Bi 11. Trong bnh kn dung tch 56 lt cha N2 v H2 00C v 200 atm, c t khi so vi khng kh bng 0,25 v mt t cht xc tc. Nung nng bnh mt thi gian, sau a bnh v 00C thy p sut trong bnh gim 10% so vi p sut ban u. 1. Tnh hiu sut phn ng tng hp NH3. 2. Nu ly 1/2 lng NH3 to thnh c th diu ch c bao nhiu lt dung dch HNO3 67% (d = 1,4 g/ml), bit hiu sut qu trnh iu ch HNO3 l 80%. 3. Nu ly 1/2 lng NH3 to thnh th c th iu ch c bao nhiu lt dung dch NH3 25% (d = 0,907 g/ml). 4. Ly V lt dung dch HNO3 trn pha long bng nc c dung dch mi, dung dch ny ho tan va 1,6g Al v gii phng ra hn hp kh NO, N2O c t khi so vi H2 l 16,75. Tnh th tch cc kh ktc v tnh V. Bi 12. Mt bnh kn dung tch 2 lt cha hn hp gm khng kh v CO2 00C v 1atm c M =34,272. t chy mt lng cacbon trong bnh ri a v iu kin ban u c hn hp kh mi c t khi so vi hn hp kh ban u l 1,014. 1. Tnh phn trm th tch ca hn hp kh sau phn ng chy. 2. Tnh khi lng cacbon t chy.

15

3. Chng minh rng: trong trng hp cho t khi ca hn hp kh thu c so vi hn hp kh ban u c gi tr trong khong 1 d 1,0448. Bi 13. Cho 100 lt hn hp A gm H2, O2, N2. em t hn hp ri a v nhit v p sut ban u, sau khi cho nc ngng t thu c hn hp B c th tch 64 lt. Trn vo B 100 lt khng kh (c 20% th tch O2) ri t v tin hnh tng t trn th thu c hn hp C c th tch 128 lt. Hy xc nh th tch cc cht trong hn hp A, B, C. Bit cc th tch o cng iu kin. Olympic THPT Chuyn L Khit Qung Ngi Bi 14. 150C p sut ca hn hp kh N2v H2 l p1. Sau khi hn hp kh i qua xc tc, p sut kh p2 = 3p1 nhit 6630C. Khi lng ring ca hn hp kh sau phn ng ktc l 0,399g/ml. Tnh hiu sut phn ng to ra kh NH3. thi HSG tnh Bc Giang 1998 Bi 15. Ho tan hon ton 8,32g Cu vo 3 lt dung dch HNO3 thu c dung dch A v 4,928 lt hn hp kh NO v NO2 (ktc). Hi ktc 1 lt hn hp kh ny c khi lng bao nhiu gam. 1. Cho 16,2g bt Al phn ng ht vi dung dch A to ra hn hp kh NO, N 2 v thu c dung dch B. Tnh th tch NO v N2 trong hn hp. Bit t khi ca hn hp kh so vi H2 l 14,4. 2. trung ho hn hp B phi dng 100ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 1,3M. Tnh CM dung dch HNO3 ban u. Bi 16. t 5,6g bt Fe trong bnh O2 thu c 7,36g hn hp A gm Fe2O3, Fe3O4, FeO v mt phn Fe d. Ho tan hon ton hn hp A bng dung dch HNO3 thu c V lt hn hp kh B gm NO2 v NO c t khi so vi H2 l 19. 1. Tnh V ktc. 2. Cho mt bnh kn dung tch khng i 4 lt cha 640ml H2O, phn cn li cha khng kh. Bm tt c kh B vo bnh v lc k n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton ta c dung dch X trong bnh, gi s p sut hi nc trong bnh l khng ng k. Tnh C% v khi lng ca dung dch X. Bi 17. Mt hn hp X gm 2 kim loi A, B (u ho tr 2) vi M A MB , mX = 9,7g. Hn hp X tan ht trong 200ml dung dch Y cha H2SO4 1,2M v HNO3 2M to ra hn hp Z gm 2 kh SO2v NO c t khi ca Z i vi H2bng 23,5 v V=2,688 lt (ktc) v dung dch T a) Tnh s mol SO2 v NO trong hn hp Z. b) Xc nh A, B v khi lng mi kim loi trng hn hp X. c) Tnh th tch dung dch NaOH phi thm vo dung dch T bt u c kt ta, kt ta cc i v kt ta cc tiu. Bi 18. Mt hn hp X c khi lng l 18,2g gm 2 kim loi A (ho tr 2) v B (ho tr 3). A v B l 2 kim loi thng dng. Hn hp X tan ht trong 200ml dung dch Y cha H 2SO4 10M v HNO3 8M cho ra hn hp kh Z gm SO2 v kh D (oxit nit) c t khi so vi CO2 bng 1. Hn hp Z c V= 4,48 lt (ktc) v t khi so vi H2 l 27. a) Xc nh kh D, s mol SO2 v D trong hn hp Z. b) Xc nh 2 kim loi A, B bit rng s mol 2 kim loi bng nhau v tnh % mi kim loi trong hn hp X.

16

c) Chng minh rng 200ml dung dch Y ho tan ht hn hp X trn. Tm gii hn trn v di ca khi lng mui khan thu c khi ho tan X trong Y. Bi 19. Cho ag hn hp A gm oxit FeO, CuO, Fe 2O3 c s mol bng nhau tc dng hon ton vi lng va l 250ml dung dch HNO3 khi un nng nh, thu c dung dch B v 3,136 lt (ktc) hn hp kh C gm NO2 v NO c t khi so vi hiro l 20,143. Tnh a v nng mol ca dung dch HNO3 dng. Bi 20. Cho m1g hn hp Mg v Al vo mg dung dch HNO3 24%. Sau khi cc kim loi tan ht c 8,96 lt hn hp kh X gm NO, N2O, N2 bay ra (ktc) v c dung dch A. Thm mt lng O2 va vo X, sau phn ng c hn hp kh Y. Dn Y t t qua dung dch NaOH d, c 4,48 lt hn hp kh Z i ra (ktc). T khi hi ca Z i vi H2 bng 20. Nu cho dung dch NaOH vo A c lng kt ta ln nht th thu c 62,2g. 1) Vit cc phng trnh phn ng. 2) Tnh m1, m2, bit lng HNO3 ly d 20% so vi lng cn thit. 3) Tnh nng phn trm cc cht trong dung dch A. Bi 21. Cho mg than (th tch khng ng k) vo mt bnh dung tch 5,6 lt cha khng kh (20% th tch O2 v 80% th tch N2) ktc. Nung bnh than phn ng ht th thu c hn hp 3 kh c t khi so vi H2 bng 14,88. Tnh m.

17

************

Phn 4
PHI KIM Bi 1. So snh. 1. So snh tnh oxi ho ca cc halogen: F2, Cl2, Br2, I2; dng cc tnh cht ho hc chng minh. 2. Ly v d cho trng hp phn ng axit mnh to ra axit yu hn v axit yu to ra axit mnh hn. 3. So snh tnh axit ca dy: HF, HCl, HBr, HI. Gii thch?

18

4. So snh tnh cht ho hc ca oxi v lu hunh? Gii thch nguyn nhn dn n s khc nhau ? Bi 2. iu ch. - Vit 6 loi phn ng khc nhau iu ch SO2. Phn ng no thng c s dng trong cng nghip? - Vit cc phn ng trc tip iu ch ra cc oxit ca nit? - Vit 5 loi phn ng trc tip iu ch ra HCl v Cl2? - Vit cc phn ng iu ch H2SO4 v HNO3 trong cng nghip? - Vit cc phn ng iu ch cc loi phn bn ho hc thng dng? - T Na2SO3, NH4HCO3, Al, MnO2, v cc dung dch Ba(OH)2, HBr c th iu ch c nhng kh g? Vit phng trnh phn ng v cho ln lt tng kh tc dng vi dung dch NaOH v HI. Bi 3. Nhn bit. a. C 4 l mt nhn A, B, C, D. Mi l cha mt trong s cc dung dch sau: AgNO3, ZnCl2, HI, K2CO3. Bit rng: * L B to kt ta vi l C nhng khng phn ng vi D. * L A to kt ta vi D. Hy xc nh cc cht trong l A, B, C, D. b. C 4 l mt nhn A, B, C, D. * Nu cho cht trong l A phn ng vi cc cht cn li th c mt kt ta. * Cht B to kt ta vi cc cht A, C, D. * Cht C to mt kt ta trng vi cc cht A, B, D. Hy xc nh cc l A, B, C, D trong cc l ng: KI, HI, AgNO3, Na2CO3. c. C 5 l A, B, C, D, E. Mi l cha mt trong cc dung dch sau: HgCl2, KI, Pb(NO3)2, HCl, (NH4)2CO3, bit rng: * Cht A to kt ta vi B nhng li tan trong C. * Cht C to cht kh vi E v to kt ta vi D. * Cht E to kt ta vi D nhng khng phn ng vi B. * B khng to kt ta vi C. d. S c mt ca cc cht sau trong cng hn hp: 1. NaCl; Na2S; Na2SO4. 2. H2; H2S; CO2; CO. 3. H2; SO2; CO2; SO3; CO. e. Khng dng thm ho cht hy nhn bit cc dung dch sau: 1. CuSO4; KOH; KCl; AgNO3. 2. NaOH; HCl; MgCl2; I2; h tinh bt. 3. NaHSO4; Na2CO3; AgNO3; Na3PO4; BaCl2. 4. NaHCO3; KHSO4; Mg(HCO3)2; Na2SO3; Ba(HCO3)2. 5. (NH4)2SO3; ZnSO4; CuSO4; MgCl2; K2S; NaCl. 6. f. Nhn bit cc cht bng phng php ho hc. 1. SO2; CO2; CO; H2; O2 v SO3. 2. CH4; CO2; H2; CO; SO2; NO; H2S . 3. N2; Cl2; CO2; SO2; O3. Bi 4. Tch- tinh ch cht. a. Tch cht.

19

1. CO2, H2O(hi), SO2. 2. CO2, CO, SO2. 3. SO2, CO, H2S. 4. NH3, CO2, N2, H2. 5. O2, N2, H2. 6. H2S, SO2, CO2, CH4. 7. O2, N2, SO2, CH4. 8. S, NaCl, CaCO3. 9. S, CaO, NaNO3, Fe. 10. I2, C, KCl. b. Tinh ch. 1. N2 c trong hn hp: N2, NH3, CO2, H2S, SO2. 2. KCl c trong hn hp: KCl, HgCl2, KBr. 3. NaCl c trong hn hp: NaCl, NaBr, NaClO, NaOH. Bi 5. Vit phng trnh phn ng: 1. Cho dd HCl vo: M2(CO3)n, AxOy, Fe3O4. 2. Cho dd HF vo cc cht bt: Cu, Al, CaO, NaOH, SiO2, C, S, AgNO3. 3. Cho dd HCl vo cc cht bt hoc cht lng: Hg, SiO2, P2O5, MnO2, Br2, 4. Xt s tng tc ca cc cht: * Na2CO3, FeCl3, KI, AgNO3, CuSO4, Ba(OH)2, NH3, H2SO4 long. * BaCl2, NaHSO4, CuSO4, Al2(SO4)3, KHCO3, NH3, NaOH. 5. Nhit phn cc cht sau nhit cao: Na2SO4.10H2O, FeSO4, NaNO3, NaHCO3, (NH4)2CO3, Ba(HCO3)2, AgNO3, Fe(NO3)3, NH4NO3, NH4NO2, HgO, KMnO4, KClO3, Fe(NO3)2. 6. t cacbon trong khng kh nhit cao, c hn hp kh A. Cho A tc dng vi Fe2O3 nung nng c kh B v hn hp rn C. Cho B tc dng vi dung dch Ca(OH)2 c kt ta K v dung dch D; un si D li c kt ta K. Cho C tan trong dung dch HCl, thu c kh v dung dch E. Cho E tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d c hn hp kt ta hiroxit F. Nung F trong khng kh thu c mt oxit duy nht. Vit phng trnh phn ng. thi H Bch Khoa 1998 7. Dn hn hp kh C (N 2, O2, NO2) vo dung dch NaOH d to thnh dung dch D v tha li hn hp kh khng b hp th. Cho D vo dung dch KMnO4 trong dung dch H2SO4 long th mu tm b mt thu, c dung dch G. Cho Cu v thm dung dch H 2SO4 long, un nh thy to thnh dung dch mu xanh v cht kh d b ho nu ngoi khng kh. 8. Nhng thay i no c th xy ra khi bo qun lu di nhng bnh h ming ng dung dch sau: nc clo, nc brom, dung dch H2S, dung dch Ca(OH)2, phenol lng. Gii thch? 9. Nhng 2 a thu tinh: a A vo dung dch HCl c, a B vo dung dch NH3. Nu a A di a B v a B di a A th hin tng xy ra nh th no? Gii thch? 10. Cho vn km vo dung dch HNO3 long thu c dung dch A v hn hp kh N2, N2O. Rt dung dch NaOH n d vo A thy c kh mi khai thot ra. Hy gii thch v vit cc phng trnh phn ng minh ha. Thi HSG Hng Yn 1998 Bi 6. t chy cacbon trong khng kh nhit cao, c hn hp kh A. cho A tc dng vi Fe2O3 nung nng c kh B v hn hp rn C. Cho B tc dng vi dung dch Ca(OH) 2 c kt ta K v dung dch D ; un si D li c kt ta K. Cho C tan trong dung dch Hcl thu c kh v dung dch E. Cho E tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d c kt ta hai hidroxit kim loi F. Nung F trong khng kh c mt oxit duy nht. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra.

20

Bi 7. Cho cn bng: N2(kh) + 3H2(kh) 2NH3(kh) l phn ng to nhit. 1. tng hiu sut to NH3 ta phi thay i cc yu t nh th no, ti sao? 2. Trong sn xut thng phi thm vo hn hp phn ng mt lng bt st. Mc ch vic l g? C li g cho sn xut? Bi 8. Phn ng: 2SO2 + O2 2SO3 l phn ng to nhit. Cho bit cn bng phn ng trn chuyn dch nh th no khi gim nhit ? Khi tng p sut? Khi thm cht xc tc? Gii thch? thi H v C khi A 2003

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Phn 1-Bi tp v cht phi kim

Bi 1. Mt hn hp gm 3 mui NaF, NaCl v NaBr nng 4,82g. Ho tan hon ton trong nc c dung dch A. Sc kh clo d vo dung dch A ri c cn hon ton dung dch sau

21

phn ng thu c 3,93g mui khan. Ly 1/2 lng mui khan ny ho tan vo nc ri cho sn phm phn ng vi dung dch AgNO3 d th thu c 4,305g kt ta. Vit phng trnh phn ng v tnh %m cc mui trong hn hp ban u. Bi 2. Gy n hn hp gm 3 kh trong bnh kn. Mt kh c iu ch bng cch cho HCl d tc dng vi 307,68g Mg. Kh th 2 iu ch c khi phn hy hon ton 514,5g KClO3 c MnO2 xc tc. Kh th 3 thu c do HCl d tc dng vi 19,14g MnO2. Tnh C% ca cht trong dung dch sau khi n. Bi 3. Cho 50g dung dch X cha 1 mui halogen kim loi ho tr II tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d th thu c 9,40g kt ta. Mt khc, dng 150g dung dch X trn phn ng vi dung dch Na2CO3 d th thu c 6,30g kt ta. Lc kt ta em nung n khi lng khng i, kh thot ra cho vo 80g dung dch KOH 14,50%. Sau phn ng nng dung dch KOH gim cn 3,80%. Xc nh CTPT ca mui halogen trn, tnh C% mui trong dung dch X ban u. thi Olympic PTTH Nguyn Th Minh Khai Tp HCM Bi 4. C mt hn hp gm NaI v NaBr. Ho tan hn hp ny vo nc, cho Br2 d i qua dung dch trn, sau c cn dung dch th thy khi lng sn phm nh hn khi lng mui ban u l ag. Ho tan sn phm vo nc ri cho Cl2 d i qua, sau phn ng c cn dung dch th thy khi lng sn phm thu c ln 2 nh hn khi lng sn phm thu c ln 1 l ag. Xc nh phn trm khi lng NaBr trong hn hp u. Bi 5. 1. A l oxit ca kim loi M c cha 30% oxi theo khi lng. Xc nh CTPT A. 2. Cho lung kh CO i qua ng s ng m gam oxit A ( 1) nhit cao mt thi gian, ngi ta thu c 6,72g hn hp gm 4 cht rn khc nhau. em ha tan hon ton hn hp ny vo dung dch HNO3 d thy to thnh 0,448 lt kh B duy nht c t khi so vi H2 v 15. Tnh gi tr m. 3. Cho bnh kn c dung dch khng i l 3 lt cha 498,92ml H2O (d = 1g/ml), phn kh (ktc) trong bnh cha 20% oxi theo th tch, cn li N2. Bm ht kh B vo bnh, lc k n phn ng hon ton c dung dch C. Tnh nng phn trm ca dung dch C (gi s nc bay hi khng ng k). Bi 6. Cho hi nc i qua than nng thu c hn hp kh A kh gm H2, CO v CO2. Cho A qua bnh ng nc vi trong d, kh cn li cho t t qua ng ng Fe3O4 nung nng, sau phn ng thu c hn hp cht rn B v kh C (Gi s ch c phn ng kh trc tip Fe3O4 thnh Fe vi hiu sut 100%). Cho B tan va ht trong 3 lt dung dch HNO3 1M thu c 3,36 lt NO duy nht (ktc). Cho kh C hp th bi dung dch Ba(OH)2 d thu c 1,97g kt ta. * Tnh khi lng Fe3O4 ban u. * Tnh phn trm th tch cc kh trong A. Bi 7. Cho 1,6g mt oxit kim loi phn ng vi CO d thu c cht rn A v hn hp kh B. cho B tc dng vi dung dch cha 0,025 mol Ca(OH)2 thu c 2 gam kt ta. Cht rn A

22

tc dng vi dung dch HCl thu c 448ml kh. Xc nh cng thc ca oxit kim loi, bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Bi 8. Ho tan 15,3g BaO vo nc c dung dch A. Cho 12,3g hn hp CaCO3 + MgCO3 vo dung dch HCl d, sau phn ng thu c kh B. Nu cho dung dch A hp th ht kh B th sau phn ng c kt ta to thnh hay khng? Bi 9. Ho tan hon ton 11,2g CaO vo nc c dung dch A. - Nu cho CO2 sc qua dung dch A v sau khi kt thc th nghim thy c 2,5g kt ta. Hi c bao nhiu lt CO2 (ktc) tham gia phn ng. - Ho tan hon ton 28,1g hn hp MgCO3 v BaCO3 c thnh phn khng i cha a% MgCO3 bng dung dch HCl v cho ton b kh thot ra hp th vo dung dch A th thu c kt ta D. Hi a bng bao nhiu thu c lng kt ta D ln nht v nh nht. Bi 8-127-GTH10 Bi 10. Cho 5,22g mt mui cacbonat kim loi (hp cht X) tc dng hon ton vi dung dch HNO3. Phn ng lm gii phng ra hn hp kh gm 0,336 lt kh NO v x lt kh CO2. Cc th tch kh u o ktc. a. Hy xc nh mui cacbonat kim loi v tnh th tch kh CO2. b. Cho a(g) hn hp gm FeS2 v hp cht X trn vi s mol bng nhau vo mt bnh kn cha lng O2 d. p sut trong bnh l p1 (atm). un nng bnh phn ng xy ra hon ton ri a bnh v nhit ban u, p sut trong bnh lc ny l p 2 (atm), khi lng cht rn thu c l b(g). Bit rng th tch cht rn trong bnh trc v sau phn ng l khng ng k. Hy xc nh cc t s p1/p2 v a/b.
thi HQGHN 1999

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23

Phn 4
DUNG DCH - MUI Bi 1. C 4 cation v 4 anion: K+, Ag+, Ba2+, Cu2+, NO3-, Cl-, SO42-, CO32-. C th hnh thnh 4 dung dch no t hn hp cc ion trn (mi dung dch ch cha 1 cation v 1 anion khng trng lp). Bi 2. Cho cc ion sau: K+, Fe3+, Al3+, NH4+, Ba2+, Na+, Mg2+, Cu2+, NO3-, Cl-, SO42-, CO32-, Br-, PO43-. Trnh by 1 phng n t chn ghp tt c cc ion trn thnh 3 dung dch, mi dung dch cha 3 cation v 2 anion khng trng lp. Bi 3. Theo nh ngha axit baz ca Bronsted, cc ion sau ng vai tr axit, baz, trung tnh hay lng tnh? Ti sao? Na+, NH4+, CO32-, CH3COO-, HSO4-, HSO3-, K+, Cl-, HCO3-, HPO42-, C2H5O-, C6H5O-, Al3+, Cu2+, HS - , Ca2+, S2-, SO42-. Trn c s d on cc dung dch di y c pH ln hn hay nh hn 7: Na2CO3; KCl; CH3COONa; NH4Cl; NaHSO4; NaHCO3; AlCl3l; (NH4)2CO3; C6H5ONa. Bi 4. C 2 dung dch: dung dch A v B, mi dung dch cha 2 cation v 2 anion trong s cc ion sau: K+ (0,15 mol), Mg2+ (0,1 mol), NH4+ (0,25 mol), H+ (0,2 mol), Cl- (0,1 mol), NO3- (0,25 mol), SO42- (0,075 mol), CO32- (0,15 mol). Xc nh dung dch A v B.
thi H Cn Th 2001

Bi 5. Cho rt t t dung dch HCl x mol vo dung dch Na2CO3 y mol khuy u. Sau khi phn ng xong, dung dch sn phm gm nhng cht g? S mol l bao nhiu? Khi x = 2y th pH ca dung dch thu c l bao nhiu (khi t0 ui ht kh)
thi .H Thi Nguyn 1999

Bi 6. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng m t cc qu trnh sau. 1. Cho cc cht sau y: NH3, CO2, HCl, KOH, Na2CO3, cht no c th kt ta c hon ton Al(OH)3 t AlCl3 v NaAlO2? Gii thch? 2. C th dng dung dch no kt ta ti a lng: Cu(OH) 2, Al(OH)3, Zn(OH)2, Fe(OH)2 t dung dch mui ca chng? Gii thch? 3. M t hin tng quan st c khi cho t t dung dch NH3 vo dung dch AgNO3 v ngc li. Gii thch? 4. Nu hin tng xy ra khi cho t t dung dch CH 3NH2 vo dung dch CuSO4 v ngc li. Gii thch? 5. Hin tng g quan st c v gii thch hin tng khi: * Nh t t dung dch Na2CO3 vo dung dch HCl v ngc li. * Nh t t dung dch Ba(OH)2 vo dung dch H3PO4 v ngc li. Bi 7. Nhn bit. a. Nhn bit cc cht bng phng php ho hc. 1. Na2CO3; NaHCO3; Na2CO3 + NaHCO3. (Dng dung dch) 2. Na2CO3; AlCl3; Cu(NO3)2; HNO3; (NH4)2SO4 .(Dng dung dch) 3. Al(NO3)3; Cu(NO3)2; Fe(OH)3; Hg(NO3)2. (Th rn)

24

4. Fe; Fe + FeO; Fe + Fe2O3; FeO + Fe2O3; Fe2O3.

5. b. Nhn bit cc cht bng thuc th xc nh. 1. H2O v mt ho cht: Na2CO3; MgO; Al2O3; CuSO4; Fe2(SO4)3. 2. Qu tm: HNO3; NaOH; (NH4)2SO4; K2CO3; CaCl2. 3. Cho dd FeCl3 vo: Na2CO3, Na2S, H2S, Fe, Cu, KI. 4. H2O v mt ho cht: NaCl; CaCO3; Na2S; K2CO3; Na2SO4; BaSO4 5. un nng: NaHSO4; KHCO3; Na2SO3; Ba(HCO3)2; Mg(HCO3)2. 6. H2SO4 long : NH4Cl; Na2CO3; CaCO3; MgCO3; NaOH; (NH4)2CO3. 7. Dng CO2 v H2O: NaCl; Na2CO3; CaCO3; BaSO4; Na2SO4. 8. Dng dung dch HCl: CuO; FeO; Fe3O4; MnO2; Ag2O; Fe + FeO. 9. Mt kim loi: (NH4)2SO4; NH4NO3; FeSO4; AlCl3. 10. H2SO4 long: Ba; Mg; Fe; Ag; Al. 11. Ch dng H2O: Na2O; Al2O3; Fe2O3; Al. c. Ch dng mt thuc th, hy nhn bit cc cht sau. 1. Cc dd: NH4HSO4, Ba(OH)2, BaCl2, HCl, NaCl, H2SO4. 2. Cc dd: Pb(NO3)2; BaCl2; Ba(HCO3)2; NaHSO4; KI; MgCl2; Na2SO4; HCl v Ba(OH)2 3. Cc dd: Na2CO3; Na2S; Na2SiO3; Na2SO3; Na2SO4. 4. Cc dd: NH4Cl; (NH4)2SO4; ZnSO4; AlCl3; FeCl3; CuCl2. 5. Cc cht rn: Na2CO3; CaO; MgCl2; Ba(HCO3)2. 6. Cc dd: KOH; Na2S; AgNO3; KI; HCl; MgCl2; Zn(NO3)2; Hg(NO3)2. 7. Cc cht rn: Na2CO3; CaCO3; CaSO4; CaCl2. 8. Cc dd: (NH4)2SO4; NH4NO3; FeSO4; AlCl3. 9. Cc cht rn: Ba; Mg; Fe; Al; Cu. 10. Cc cht rn: Na2O; Al; Fe; Al2O3; CaC2. d. Khng dng thm ho cht hy nhn bit cc dung dch sau: 1. NaCl; BaCl2; Ba(NO3)2; Ag2SO4; H2SO4. 2. Pb(NO3)2; (NH4)2SO4; HBr; Ca(NO3)2. 3. HCl; NaCl; Ba(OH)2; Ba(HCO3)2; FeCl2. 4. HCl; NaCl; NaOH; phenolphtalein. 5. Na2CO3; Fe(NO3)2; ZnSO4; H2SO4; BaCl2. e. Nhn bit s c mt ca cc cht sau trong cng hn hp: 1. Al; Fe; Zn; Cu. (Dng bt) 2. FeO; CuO; Ag2O; MnO2. (Th rn, dng bt) 3. Na+; NH4+; CO32-; HCO3-. 4. Al3+; NH4+; Ba2+; Mg2+; Cl- ; NO3-. Bi 8. Tch- tinh ch cht: a. Tch ri cc cht sau dng bt: 1. Fe, S, I2, KCl. 2. MgCl2, Zn, Fe, Ag, Al, Cu. 4. MgO, Al2O3, CuO, SiO2. 6. K2O, Al2O3, Fe2O3, CuO. (H M- a Cht 2001) 7. CuO, AlCl3, CuCl2, Al2O3. ( thi i hc Hng c 2001) 8. Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaCO3. ( thi HVCNBCVT 2000 )

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9. Cu, Au, Al, Fe. ( thi i hc Hu 2001) 10. Ag, Al, Cu, Mg. ( thi i hc Thng Mi 2001) 11. AlCl3, FeCl3, BaCl2. (H Y- Dc TpHCM 2001) 12. BaSO4, CaCO3, Al2(SO4)3, FeSO4. 13. Tinh ch FeCl3 ra khi hn hp: Fe(NO3)3, AgNO3, NH4NO3, FeCl3. 14. Tinh ch CaCO3 ra khi hn hp: CaCO3, CaSO3, Na2SO3, Na2CO3. 15. Fe ra khi hn hp: Al, Al2O3, Zn, Fe, Na2S, Fe3O4. b. Tch cc cht sau ch bng mt loi ho cht. ( thi H khi A 2002) 1. Tch Fe2O3 ra khi hn hp dng bt: Al2O3, Fe2O3, SiO2. 2. Tch Ag ra khi hn hp dng bt: Ag, Cu, Fe.

26

************

Phn 1- Bi tp v dung dch v nng .

Bi 1 C 2 dung dch HNO3 40% (d = 1,25 g/ml) v 10% (d = 1,06 g/ml). Cn ly mi loi dung dch bao nhiu ml pha thnh 2 lt dung dch HNO3 15% (d = 1,08 g/ml). Bi 2. Trn 1/3 lt dung dch HCl (ddA) vi 2/3 lt dung dch HCl (ddB) thu c 1 lt dung dch C. Ly 1/10 ddC cho tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d thu c 8,61g kt ta. * Tnh CM (dd C). * Tnh CM (dd A) v (dd B), bit CM (dd A) = 4CM (dd B). Bi 11-129-GTH10 Bi 3. C V1 lt dung dch HCl cha 9,125g HCl (A) v V2 lt dung dch HCl (B) cha 5,475g HCl. Trn dung dch A vi dung dch B ta c 2 lt dung dch C (VC= VA+ VB). * Tnh CM (C). * Tnh CM (A) v (B), bit CM (A) - CM (B) = 0,4 (M). Bi 12-129-GTH10 Bi 12. Trn 200ml dung dch gm HCl 0,1M v H2SO4 0,05M vi 300ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 c nng a mol/lt thu c m gam kt ta v 500ml dung dch c pH = 13. Tnh a v m. Cho bit, trong cc dung dch vi dung mi l H2O, tch nng ion [H+].[OH-] =10-14 (mol2/l2). thi H v C khi B-2003 Bi 4. Cho hn hp A gm Al v Al2O3 c t l m Al : m Al2O3 = 0,18 : 1,02. Cho A tan trong dung dch NaOH va thu c dung dch B v 0,72 lt kh H2 ktc. Cho B tc dng vi 200ml dung dch HCl c kt ta D. Nung D nhit cao n khi lng khng i c 3,57g cht rn. - Tnh nng mol/lt ca dung dch HCl. - Nu pha dung dch HCl n 10 ln th pH ca dung dch bng bao nhiu. Bi 5. Khi lm lnh mg dung dch K2SO4 (bo ho) 60oC xung 0oC th thu c 108,5g mui kt tinh. Tnh m v khi lng mui c trong dung dch ban u, bit tan ca K2SO4 60oC v 0oC l 18,2g v 7,35g. Bi 6. t chy hon ton 12g mui sunfua kim loi M ho tr II thu c cht rn A v kh B. Ho tan ht cht rn A bng lng va dung dch H2SO4 24,5% thu c dung dch mui c nng 33,335%, lm lnh dung dch ny xung nhit thp thy tch ra 15,625g tinh th T, phn dung dch bo ho lc c C%= 22,54%. a. Hi M l kim loi g? b. Xc nh cng thc ca tinh th T. Bi 7. Cho 8,4g mt mui cacbonat kim loi ho tr II vo 20g dung dch H2SO4 to thnh dung dch mui sunfat c nng l 50%. Bit rng khi cho thm MCO3 vo dung dch sn phm vn c kh thot ra. Tm MCO3. Bi 8.

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Cho 3,2g mt kim loi ho tr II tan va trong 20g dung dch HNO3 c nng th thu c 18,6g dung dch mui. 1. Xc nh tn kim loi ni trn. 2. Tnh C% dung dch HNO3 ban u v nng dung dch mui. Bi 9. a. Khi cho a(g) dung dch H2SO4 long nng A% tc dng ht vi lng hn hp 2 kim loi Na v Mg (d) th thy lng H2 to thnh l 0,05a(g). Tnh A. b. Khi ho tan oxit ca kim loi M (ho tr 2) bng mt lng va dung dch H 2SO4 ni trn th thu c mt dung dch mui c nng l 18,21%. Xc nh kim loi M.
Bi 7-184 GTH10

Bi 10. Cho dung dch NaOH 20% tc dng va vi dung dch FeCl 2 10%. un nng trong khng kh cho phn ng xy ra hon ton. Tnh nng phn trm ca mui to thnh trong dung dch sau phn ng (coi nc bay hi trong qu trnh un nng l khng ng k). thi H Thu Li 2000 Bi 11. C 600ml dung dch Na2CO3 v NaHCO3. Thm 5,64g hn hp K2CO3, KHCO3 vo dung dch trn c dung dch A. Chia A lm 3 phn bng nhau: Cho t t 100ml dung dch HCl vo phn 1 thu c dung dch B v 448ml kh ktc. Thm nc vi d vo dung dch B thu c 2,5g kt ta. Phn 2 tc dng va vi 150ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M. Cho HBr d vo phn 3, c cn dung dch thu c 8,125g mui khan. * Vit phng trnh phn ng di dng ion. * Tnh CM cc ion trong dung dch A v dung dch HCl dng. Bi 12. 8,8g hn hp 2 kim loi Mg, Ca tc dng va vi 500ml dung dch HCl. Sau c cn dung dch c a gam hn hp 2 mui. Cho hn hp 2 mui trn vo 1 lt dung dch cha hn hp Na2CO3 0,15M v (NH4)2CO3 0,2M. Kt thc phn ng thu c 26,8g kt ta X v dung dch Y. * Tnh CM (dung dch HCl) v mCa v mMg trong hn hp ban u. * Tnh nng cc ion trong dung dch Y. * C cn dung dch Y bng cch h thp p sut th thu c nhng cht g? Tng khi lng l bao nhiu? Bi 40-55-GTH11 Bi 13. Mt dung dch c cha 4 ion ca 2 mui v c, trong c ion sunfat, khi tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH)2 un nng cho mt kh, mt kt ta v dung dch A. Dung dch A sau khi axit ho bng HNO3, to vi dung dch AgNO3 kt ta trng v ho en ngoi khng kh c nh sng. Phn kt ta thu c trn em nung nng n khi lng khng i c a gam cht rn Z. Gi tr a thay i tu theo lng Ba(OH)2 dng. Nu va th a t gi tr cc i, nu d a t gi tr cc tiu. Khi ly Z vi gi tr cc i a = 8,01g thy Z ch phn ng ht 50ml dung dch HCl 1,2M, cn li b rn nng 6,99g. Tm 2 mui ban u. Bi 14. Ho tan 19,28g mt loi mui kp ngm nc gm amoni sunfat v st sunfat vo nc ri chia ra lm 2 phn u nhau. Phn I: Cho tc dng vi dung dch BaCl2 d thu c 9,32g kt ta.

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Phn II: Cho tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH) d vo, un nng thu c dung dch A, kt ta B v kh C. Lng kh C thot ra c hp th va bi 80ml dung dch HCl 0,25M. Lng kt ta B c nung nng n khi lng khng i thu c 10,92g cht rn. Lng cht rn ny phn ng va ht vi 0,06 mol HCl. Xc nh CTCT ca mui kp. 24 B..T.S Bi 15. Cho 9,2g Na vo 200g dung dch cha Fe2(SO4)3 4% v Al2(SO4)3 6,84%. Sau phn ng, ngi ta tch kt ta ra v nung n khi lng khng i. Tnh khi lng cht rn thu c sau khi nung v C% cc mui to thnh trong dung dch.
thi Olympic THPT chuyn L T Trng Tp HCM

Bi 16. Ho tan 1 xit kim loi A ho tr 2 bng mt lng va dung dch H 2SO4 10% ta thu c dung dch mui nng 11.8%. a) nh KLNT v tn gi ca A. b) Cho mt phng php tch ri cc cht rn sau y ra khi hn hp: ASO4, ZnCO3, FeSO4. Bi 7-174 GTH10 Bi 17. Cho H2SO4 long d tc dng ln 6,659g mt hn hp 2 kim loi A,B u c ho tr 2 th thu c 0,1 mol kh, ng thi khi lng hn hp gim 6,5g. Ho tan phn rn cn li bng H2SO4 c, nng th thu c 0,16g kh SO2. a) nh tn 2 kim loi A,B, thnh phn khi lng v thnh phn phn trm v khi lng ca chng trong hn hp (gi s A c KLNT nh hn B). b) Cho mt phng php tch ri tng cht sau y ra khi hn hp: A, B, BO, ASO4. Bi 8-174 GTH10

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Phn 2- Bi tp tnh khi lng mui.

Bi 1. Cho 1,35g hn hp Cu, Mg, Al tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 d c 1,12 lt hn hp kh NO v NO2 c KLPT trung bnh l 42,8. Tnh khi lng mui nitrat sinh ra. Cc th tch u o ktc. Bi 2. Ha tan ht 4,43g hn hp Al v Mg trong HNO3 long thu c dung dch A v 1,568 lt (ktc) hn hp hai kh (u khng mu) c khi lng 2,59g trong c mt kh b ha thnh mu nu trong khng kh. 1. Tnh phn trm theo khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp. 2. Tnh s mol HNO3 phn ng. 3. Khi c cn dung dch A th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan. Bi 3. Ha tan hon ton mg hn hp gm 3 kim loi bng dung dch HNO 3 thu c V lt hn hp kh D (ktc) gm NO2 v NO. T khi hi ca D so vi hiro bng 18,2. 1. Tnh tng s gam mui khan to thnh theo m v V. Bit rng khng sinh mui NH4NO3. 2. Cho V = 1,12 lt. Tnh th tch ti thiu dung dch HNO3 37,8%. (d = 1,242g/ml). Bi 4. Hn hp A gm kim loi R (ho tr 1) v kim loi X (ho tr 2). Ho tan 3g A vo dung dch cha HNO3 v H2SO4 thu c 2,94g hn hp B gm NO2 v D c th tch 1,344 lt. 1. Tnh khi lng mui khan thu c. 2. Nu t l th tch kh NO2 v D thay i th khi lng mui khan thay i trong khong no? Bi 5. Ha tan 6,25g hn hp Zn v Al vo 275ml dung dch HNO3 thu c dung dch A, cht rn B gm cc kim loi cha tan ht cn nng 2,516g v 1,12 lt hn hp kh D (ktc) gm NO v NO2. T khi ca hn hp D so vi H2 l 16,75. Tnh nng mol/l ca HNO3 v tnh khi lng mui khan thu c khi c cn dung dch sau phn ng. Bi 6. A l dung dch HCl m c, B l dung dch HNO3 m c. Trn 400g A vi 100g B c dung dch C. Ly 10g C ho tan vo 990g nc c dung dnh D. trung ho 50g dung dch D cn 50ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M. C cn dung dch trung ho th c 0,319g mui khan. 1. Tnh nng % ca dung dch A, B. 2. Cho 100 gam dung dch D tc dng vi Al kim loi, thu c hn hp kh H 2, NO, NO2 c t khi i vi H2 bng 26,3617 / 7. a) Tnh thnh phn % theo th tch ca mi kh trong hn hp. b) Tnh lng Al phn ng.

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Bi 7. Cho 20g hn hp gm 2 kim loi vo dung dch hn hp HCl v H 2SO4; trong s mol HCl gp 3 ln s mol H2SO4 thu c 11,2 lt kh ktc v 3,4g cht rn. Lc phn dung dch ri un, c cn thu c mt lng mui khan. Tnh tng khi lng mui khan thu c. Bit M c ho tr II trong mui ny. Xc nh M nu nM = nAl tham gia phn ng. Bi 8. Hn hp A gm 2 kim loi X v Y c ho tr khng i. Oxi ho hon ton 15,6g A trong oxi d c 28,4g hn hp 2 oxit. Nu ly 15,6g hn hp tc dng ht vi hn hp HCl + H2SO4 th thu c mg mui khan. Tnh m. Bi 9. Cho hn hp A gm kim loi R (ho tr 1), kim loi X (ho tr 2). Ho tan 3 gam A vo dung dch cha HNO3 v H2SO4, thu c 2,94g hn hp B gm kh NO2 v kh D, c th tch l 1,344 lt (ktc). a) Tnh khi lng mui khan thu c. b) Nu t l kh NO2 v kh D thay i th khi lng mui khan thay i trong khong gi tr no? c) Nu cho cng mt lng kh Cl2 ln lt tc dng vi kim loi R v vi X th khi lng kim loi R phn ng gp 3,375 ln khi lng ca kim loi X; Khi lng mui clorua ca R thu c gp 2,126 ln khi lng mui clorua ca X to thnh. Hy tnh % v khi lng ca cc kim loi trong hn hp A. Bi 10. C 2 ming kim loi A c cng khi lng, mi ming tan hon ton trong dung dch HCl v dung dch H2SO4 c, nng thu c kh SO2 v H2; trong th tch SO2 bng 1,5 th tch H2 (trong cng iu kin) v khi lng mui clorua bng 63,5% khi lng mui sunfat. Hy xc nh tn ca kim loi A. thi Olympic THPT chuyn Bc Liu Bi 11. Cho hn hp A gm kim loi R (ho tr 1), kim loi X (ho tr 2). Ho tan 3g A vo dung dch cha HNO3 v H2SO4, thu c 2,94g hn hp B gm kh NO2 v kh D, c th tch l 1,344 lt (ktc). a) Tnh khi lng mui khan thu c. b) Nu t l kh NO2 v kh D thay i th khi lng mui khan thay i trong khong gi tr no? c) Nu cho cng mt lng kh Cl 2 ln lt tc dng vi kim loi R v vi X th khi lng kim loi R phn ng gp 3,375 ln khi lng ca kim loi X; Khi lng mui clorua ca R thu c gp 2,126 ln khi lng mui clorua ca X to thnh. Hy tnh % m ca cc kim loi trong hn hp A. Bi 12. Cho 5g hn hp Fe v Cu (cha 40% Fe) vo mt lng dung dch HNO3 1M, khuy u cho phn ng xy ra hon ton th thu c mt phn cht rn A nng 3,32g, dung dch B v kh NO. Tnh khi lng mui to thnh trong dung dch B. thi HTC-KT HN 2000 Bi 13. Cho 18,5g hn hp Z gm Fe v Fe3O4 tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch HNO3 long un nng v khuy u. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 2,24 lt kh NO duy nht ktc, dung dch Z1 v cn li 1,46g kim loi.

31

1. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra. 2. Tnh CM ca dung dch HNO3. 3. Tnh khi lng mui trong dung dch Z1. thi H khi A-2002 Bi 14. Ho tan 3,82g hn hp 2 mui sunfat kim loi A, B, c ho tr 1 v 2 tng ng vo nc, sau thm 1 lng BaCl2 va lm kt ta ht ion sunfat th thu c 6,99g kt ta. - Lc b kt ta, ly nc lc em c cn th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan? - nh tn v thnh phn khi lng ca 2 mui sunfat trong hn hp. Bit 2 kim loi A, B cng chu k. - Cho 1 phng php tch ri ion kim loi B ra khi hn hp trn. Bi 7-174 GTH10

32

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Phn 3- Bi tp v cht d
Bi 1. Mt hn hp X gm 0,5g Zn v 0,2g Mg c cho vo 200ml dung dch Y cha CuSO4 0,5M v AgNO30,3M thu c cht rn A. a) Chng minh Cu v Ag kt ta ht. Tnh khi lng cht rn A thu c. b) phn ng ht vi hn hp X trn phi dng bao nhiu ml dung dch Y? Bi 2. Ly 1 lt dung dch A cha K2Cr2O7 0,15M v KMnO4 0,2M v thm vo 2 lt dung dch FeSO4 1,25M ( mi trng H2SO4). * Chng minh phn ng d hay ht FeSO4. * Phi thm vo dung dch thu c trong cu trn bao nhiu lt dung dch A hay dng dung dch FeSO4 1,25M c phn ng va gia cht oxi ha v cht kh ? Bi 3. Cho 3,61g hn hp (Al, Fe) c t l mol 3:5 tc dng vi 100ml dung dch AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2, khuy k ti phn ng hon ton. Sau phn ng thu c dung dch A v 8,12g cht rn B gm 3 kim loi. Ha tan B bng dung dch HCl d cho ra 0,672 lt H2 (ktc). Tnh nng mol/lt ca AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2 trong dung dch ban u, bit hiu sut phn ng l 100%. Bi 4. Mt hn hp X gm Fe v Al nng 22g. Cho hn hp X tc dng vi 2 lt dung dch HCl 0,3M (d =1,05 g/ml). a. Chng t rng hn hp X khng tan ht. b. Tnh th tch kh H2 thot ra ktc v khi lng cht rn Y khng tan. c. Tnh C% cht tan trong dung dch Z thu c. Bit 2 kim loi ch c 1 kim loi tan. Bi 5. Mt hn hp gm Zn v Fe c khi lng 37,2g. Ho tan hn hp ny trong 2 lt dung dch H2SO4 0,5M. a) Chng t rng hn hp ny tan ht. b) Nu dng mt lng hn hp Zn v Fe gp i trng hp trc, lng H2SO4 vn nh c th hn hp mi ny c tan ht trong H2SO4 hay khng? c) Trong trng hp cu a. Tnh khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp bit rng lng H2 to ra trong phn ng tc dng va vi 48g CuO. Tnh nng mol ca mi kim loi v ca H+ trong dung dch thu c sau phn ng Bi 6. Ho tan 14,6g hn hp X: Fe, Mg, Al bng 400ml dung dch cha ng thi H2SO4 2M v HCl 1M thu c dung dch A v kh B. 1. Chng minh rng: trong A vn cn d axit.

33

2. Dn t t ton b lng kh B vo ng ng 64g CuO, t nng, sau khi kt thc ly cht rn cho vo dung dch AgNO3 d thu c 138,8g kt ta D. Tnh %m mi cht rn trong D. 3. Tnh tng s gam mui thu c trong dung dch A. 4. Cho lng d dung dch NaOH vo A. Ly kt ta thu c em nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i c 14 gam cht rn. Tnh %m mi kim loi trong X. Bi 7. Cho ag bt st vo 200ml dung dch X gm hn hp 2 mui AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2. Khi phn ng xong, thu c 3,44g cht rn B v dung dch C. Tch B ri cho dung dch C tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d c 3,68g kt ta 2 hiroxit kim loi. Nung kt ta trong khng kh n khi lng khng i c 3,2 gam cht rn. 1. Xc nh a? 2. Tnh CM dung dch AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2 trong X. thi CSP HN 2001 Bi 8 Cho 12,9g hn hp bt Zn v Cu vo 0,2 lt dung dch AgNO3. Sau phn ng thu c 28g cht rn A v dung dch B. C cn dung dch B c 18,9g mui C. * Tnh %m Zn v Cu. * Xc nh CM dung dch AgNO3. Bi 9. Cho 10,72g hn hp Cu v Fe tc dng vi 50ml dung dch AgNO3. Sau phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch A v 35,84g rn B. Cho dung dch A tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d. Lc b kt ta, ra sch ri nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i c 12,8g. * Tnh %m Cu v Fe. * Tnh CM dung dch AgNO3. Bi 10. Ho tan hn hp gm 6,4g CuO v 16 gam Fe 2O3 trong 160ml dung dch H2SO4 2M n khi phn ng hon ton. Sau phn ng thy c mg cht rn khng tan. Tnh m?
thi H Nng -Lm Tp HCM

Bi 11. Cho 5,56g hn hp A gm Fe v mt kim loi M (c ha tr khng i). Chia A lm hai phn bng nhau. Phn 1 ha tan ht dung dch HCl c 1,568 lt hiro. Ha tan ht phn 2 trong dung dch HNO3 long thu c 1,344 lt kh NO duy nht v khng to ra NH4NO3. 1. Xc nh kim loi M v thnh phn phn trm mi kim loi trong A. 2. Cho 2,78g A tc dng vi 100ml dung dch B cha AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2 thu c dung dch C v 5,84g cht rn D gm 3 kim loi. Cho D tc dng vi dung dch HCl d c 0,448 lt hiro. Tnh nng mol cc mui trong B (cc phn ng xy ra hon ton v th tch cc kh o ktc). Bi 12. Cho 3,87g hn hp A gm Mg, Al vo 250ml dung dch X cha HCl 1M v H2SO4 0,5M thu c dung dch B v 4,316 lt H2 (ktc). a. Axit trong dung dch sau phn ng cn d khng? b. Tnh %m mi kim loi trong A. Bi 13. Cho 12,88g hn hp Mg v Fe vo 700ml dung dch AgNO3. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c cht rn C nng 48,73g v dung dch D. Cho dung dch NaOH d

34

vo D ri ly kt ta nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c 14g cht rn. * Tnh %m Fe v Mg. * Tnh CM dung dch AgNO3 dng. Bi 14. Mt hn hp X gm 2 kim loi A, B vi A ho tr 2 v B ho tr 3. Khi lng ca X l 7,76g. Hn hp X tan ht trong H2SO4 long d cho ra 8,736 lt H2 (ktc). Cng lng X y khi tc dng vi NaOH d cho ra 6,048 lt H2 (ktc) v cn li mt cht rn khng tan cos khi lng l 2,88g. a) Xc nh A, B v khi lng mi kim loi. b) Mt hn hp Y gm 2 kim loi A, B trn c khi lng l 12,9g. Chng t rng hn hp Y tan ht trong 0,5 lt dung dch H2SO4 2M. Tnh thnh phn % theo khi lng ca hn hp Y. Bi 15. Mt hn hp X gm Al v Fe nng 22g. Cho hn hp X tc dng vi 2 lt dung dch HCl 0,3M (d = 1,05 g/ml). a) Chng t rng hn hp X khng tan ht. b) Tnh th tch kh H2 (ktc), khi lng cht rn Y khng tan v nng % cht tan trong dung dch Z thu c. Bit rng trong 2 kim loi ch c mt kim loi tan.. Bi 16. Mt hn hp X gm Al, Mg cho vo dung dch cha hn hp hai mui Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3 lc u n khi phn ng xong th c mt hn hp rn Y cha 3 kim loi v mt dung dch Z cha hai mui. a) Cho bit thnh phn ca hn hp rn Y v dung dch Z. b) Tch ri tng kim loi ra khi hn hp Y. c) Tch ri tng mui ra khi dung dch Z. Bi 71-940-GTH11 Bi 17. Cho 11,2g Fe tc dng vi 500ml dung dch hai cht Cu(NO3)2 0,04M v AgNO3 0,2M. Sau khi phn ng hon ton, lc tch cht rn v thu c dung dch A. 1.Tnh khi lng ca A. 2.Xc nh nng mol/lt ca dung dch B, bit rng th tch dung dch sau khi phn ng vn khng i. 3. Ho tan cht rn A vo dung dch HNO3 c thy thot ra mt kh mu nu duy nht. Tnh th tch kh ny ktc. thi HDL Duy Tn 2001 Bi 18. Cho hn hp bt kim loi Fe v Mg (c s mol bng nhau) vo dung dch CuSO4. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c hn hp 2 kim loi nng 2,48g, trong c 1,92g Cu. Tnh s mol Fe v Mg dng. thi HDL Bnh Dng Bi 19. Cho 4,15g hn hp bt Fe, Al tc dng vi 200ml dung dch CuSO4 0,525M. Khuy k hn hp cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. em lc c kt ta A gm 2 kim loi c khi lng 7,84g v dung dch nc lc B. 1. ho tan ht kt ta A cn dng t nht bao nhiu ml HNO 3 2M, Bit rng phn ng gii phng ra kh NO. 2. Thm dung dch hn hp Ba(OH)20,05M+ NaOH 0,1M vo dung dch B. Hi cn thm bao nhiu ml hn hp dung dch kt ta hon ton hai hidroxit ca hai kim loi.

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Sau nu em lc, ra kt ta, nung n trong khng kh nhit cao n khi cc hidroxit b nhit phn ht th thu c bao nhiu gam cht rn. thi HKTQD 2001 Bi 20. Cho 3,58g hn hp bt X gm Al, Fe v Cu vo 200ml dung dch CuSO4 0,5M, n khi phn ng kt thc thu c dung dch A v cht rn B. Nung B trong khng kh nhit cao n phn ng hon ton c 6,4g cht rn. Cho A tc dng vi dung dch NH3 d, lc kt ta em nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i c 2,62g cht rn D. 1. Tnh phn trm v khi lng ca mi cht trong hn hp X. 2. Ho tan hon ton 3,58g hn hp X vo 250ml dung dch HNO3 a mol/lt c dung dch E v kh NO bay ln. Dung dch E tc dng va ht vi 0,88g bt Cu. Tnh a?
thi HKTHN 2001

Bi 21. Cho hn hp gm Mg v Cu tc dng vi 200ml dung dch cha hn hp hai mui AgNO3 0,3M v Cu(NO3)2 0,25M. Sau khi phn ng xong, c dung dch A v cht rn B. Cho A tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, lc ly kt ta em nung n khi lng khng idc 3,6g hn hp hai xit. Ho tan hon ton B trong H2SO4 c, nng c 2,016 lt kh SO2 (ktc). Tnh khi lng Mg v Cu trong hn hp u. thi HC 2001 Bi 22. Cho 15,28g hn hp A gm Cu v Fe vo 1,1 lt dung dch Fe2(SO4)2 0,2M. Phn ng kt thc thu c dung dch X v 1,92g cht rn B. Cho B vo dung dch H2SO4 long khng thy kh bay ra. 1. Tnh khi lng ca Cu v Fe trong 15,28g hn hp A. 2. Dung dch X phn ng vi 200ml dung dch KMnO4 trong H2SO4. Tnh nng mol/lt ca dung dch KMnO4. thi H Cn Th 2001

36

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Phn 4- Chng minh tnh oxi ho ca NO3Bi 1. Ho tan 5,52g CuFeS2 trong 100ml dung dch HNO3 2M . Sau khi phn ng kt thc thm 0,05 mol H2SO4 vo dung dch li thy kh NO bay ra. Gii thch v tnh th tch kh bay ra ktc. Bi 2. Ho tan 5,76g Cu trong 80ml dung dch HNO3 2M ch thu c kh NO. Sau khi phn ng kt thc cho thm lng d H2SO4 vo dung dch thu c li thy c kh NO bay ra. Gii thch v tnh th tch kh NO bay ra ktc. thi HC 1996 Bi 3. Cho 19,2g Cu vo 500ml dung dch NaNO3 1M, sau thm 500ml dung dch HCl 2M c dung dch A. * Cu c tan ht khng? Tnh th tch NO bay ra ktc. * Tnh nng mol cc ion trong dung dch A thu c sau phn ng. * Phi thm bao nhiu lt dung dch NaOH 0,2M kt ta ht Cu2+ cha trong dung dch A.

37

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Phn 5 Bi tp v tng gim khi lng

Bi 1. Mt thanh kim loi A c ho tr II nhng vo dung dch CuSO4 th khi lng gim 1% so vi khi lng ban u. Cng thanh kim loi y nhng vo dung dch mui Hg2+ th khi lng tng ln 67,5% so vi khi lng thanh ban u (khi lng thanh ban u l mg). a. Xc nh kim loi A bit rng gim s mol Cu2+ = 2 ln gim s mol Hg2+. b. Tnh s mol Cu2+, Hg2+ b kh trong trng hp m = 100g. c. Tnh khi lng ti thiu ca thanh kim loi A khi nhng vo 5 lt dung dch CuSO4 0,16M th dung dch thu c sau phn ng : * Ch cha 1 ion kim loi. * Cha 2 ion kim loi v khi thm NaOH va kt ta ht 2 hidroxit, em nung kt ta ny n khi lng khng i ta thu c mt cht rn c khi lng 64,6g. (Cc phn ng trong cu c l hon ton). Bi 2. Mt thanh kim loi M ho tr II nhng vo 1 lt dung dch FeSO4 c khi lng tng ln 16g, nu nhng cng thanh kim loi y vo 1 lt dung dch CuSO4 th khi lng lng ca thanh tng ln 20g. Bit rng, cc phn ng trn u xy ra hon ton v sau phn ng cn d kim loi M, 2 dung dch FeSO4 v CuSO4 c cng nng . a. Tnh CM ca 2 dung dch v xc nh kim loi M. b. Tnh khi lng M tham gia phn ng trn.

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Phn 5

KIM LOI
Bi 1. Vit phng trnh phn ng: 1. Hn hp A gm BaO, FeO v Al 2O3. Ho tan A vo lng nc d c dung dch D v phn khng tan B. Sc CO2 d vo dung dch D phn ng to kt ta. Cho kh CO d qua B nung nng c cht rn E. Cho E tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thy tan mt phn cn li cht rn G. Ho tan ht G trong lng d dung dch H 2SO4 long ri cho dung dch thu c tc dng vi dung dch KMnO4. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra.
thi H v C khi A-2002.

2. Cho hn hp kim loi Ag, Cu, Ni tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 va thu c c dung dch A v kh NO2 duy nht. in phn cho ti khi dung dch ht ion kim loi. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra. 3. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra khi cho dung dch nc brm, Cu kim loi tc dng vi cc dung dch sau: FeSO4, FeBr2, FeCl3. 4. C hin tng g xy ra khi cho Na kim loi tc dng vi cc dung dch sau: NaCl, CuCl2, (NH4)2SO4, Fe2(SO4)3. Vit phng trnh phn ng dng ion thu gn.
thi HSPHNII-2000

5. Cho hn hp gm a mol Mg v b mol Cu phn ng vi dung dch cha c mol CuSO4 v d mol AgNO3. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng c th xy ra. Bi 2. M t hin tng, vit phng trnh phn ng nu c: 1. Cho Na vo: du ho, nc ct, ru ung, du thc vt, nc vi trong. 2. Cho Ba vo cc dd : Na2CO3, (NH4)2CO3, Al(NO3)3, MgCl2, NaOH, CuSO4. 3. Cho Cu vo cc dd : NaNO3 + HCl, AgNO3, FeCl3, HCl c ho tan O2. 4. Cho Fe bt vo: H2SO4 long, HNO3 long, CuSO4, Fe2(SO4)3, AgNO3. 5. Cho cc cht sau: NaCl, Ca(OH)2, Na2CO3, HCl. Cht no c th lm mm c nc cng tm thi? Gii thch? H KTHN 2001 2+ 6. Khi ho tan Al bng dung dch HCl, nu thm vi git mui Hg vo th qu trnh tan xy ra nhanh hn. Ti sao? Bi 3. iu ch cc cht sau: 1. iu ch Cu bng cc phng php t hn hp: CuCl2, NaCl, AlCl3. 2. iu ch Al(OH)3, KOH t phn chua.

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3. iu ch Al t qung bxt nhm (Al2O3.nH2O, Fe2O3, SiO2). 4. iu ch Ca t 8 loi phng trnh khc nhau. 5. T hn hp cc cht: Na2CO3, MgCO3, Fe2O3, CaCO3 trnh by phng php iu ch tng kim loi: Na, Mg, Ca, Fe t hn hp trn. thi H Thi Nguyn-2000 6. Vit phng trnh phn ng trc tip chuyn t bt st thnh: Fe2(SO4)3, FeSO4, FeBr3, FeS, Fe3O4. Bi 4. Ho tan hn hp gm CaC2 v Al4C3 vo trong nc thu c dung dch A, kt ta B v hn hp kh C. Cho C phn ng vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 d thu c kt ta vng. Ly lng kt ta ny cho tc dng vi dung dch HCl li thu c kh D. t chy hon ton D ri cho ton b sn phm chy hp th ht vo dung dch A, c dung dch A v li thu c kt ta. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng v cho bit A, B, C, D, A gm nhng cht g? Bi 5. Cho mt lng Cu2S tc dng hon ton vi dung dch HNO3 un nng. Phn ng to thnh dung dch A1 v lm gii phng ra kh A2 khng mu, b ho nu trong khng kh. Chia A1 thnh hai phn. Thm dung dch Bacl2 vo phn 1, thy to thnh kt ta trng A3 thc t khng tan trong axit d. Thm lng d dung dch NH3 vo phn hai ng thi khuy u hn hp, thu c dung dch A4 c mu xanh m. Hy xc nh A1 , A2 , A3 , A4 l g? Bi 6. 1) Cho hn hp FeS2, Fe3O4, FeCO3 ho tan ht trong HNO3 c nng th thu c dung dch A v hn hp hai kh NO2, CO2. Cho dung dch A tc dng vi dung dch BaCl2 d, thu c kt ta trng v dung dch B. Cho dung dch B tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d c kt ta. Hy vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. thi CSPHN-2001 2) Vit cc phng trnh phn ng ca hn hp Fe v Cu vi kh Cl2 d, dung dch H2SO4 long, dung dch HNO3 c nng d cho kh mu nu, dung dch Fe2(SO4)3 d.
thi HVKTQS-2001

3) Ho tan Cu2S trong H2SO4 c, nng c dung dch A v kh B (B lm mt mu nc Br2). Cho NH3 tc dng vi dung dch A ti d. Hi c hin tng g xy ra? Vit phng trnh phn t v ion gii thch th nghim trn. Vit phng trnh phn ng m t cc qu trnh ho hc va nu trn. thi HVCNBCVT-2000

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Phn 1 Bi tp v kim loi kim

Bi 1. Cho 8,8g mt hn hp 2 kim loi nm 2 chu k lin tip v thuc phn nhm chnh nhm II, tc dng vi HCl d th thu c 6,72 lt kh hidro ktc. Da vo bng HTTH xt xem 2 kim loi l g. Bi 92-38-SBT10 Bi 2. Cho 3g hn hp kim loi kim A v Na tc dng vi nc. trung ho dung dch thu c cn 0,2 mol axit HCl. Da vo bng HTTH xc nh KLNT ca A. Bi 93-38-SBT10 Bi 3. Mt hn hp X gm K v Al c khi lng l 10,5g. Ho tan X trong nc th hn hp X tan ht cho ra dung dch A. a) Thm t t mt dung dch HCl 1M vo dung dch A. Khi u khng c kt ta. Khi th tch dung dch HCl 1M thm vo ti 100ml th dung dch A bt u c kt ta. Tnh % mi kim loi trong hn hp X. b) Mt hn hp Y cng gm K v Al. Trn 10,5g hn hp X trn vi 9,3g hn hp Y c hn hp Z. Hn hp Z tan ht trong nc cho ra dung dch B. Thm HCl vo dung dch B th ngay git u tin dung dch HCl thm vo c kt ta. Tnh khi lng K v Al trong hn hp Y. Bi 4. Mt hn hp X gm K, Zn, Fe c khi lng 49,3g, s mol K bng 2,5 ln s mol Zn. Ho tan hn hp X trong nc d cn li mt cht rn A. Cho A vo 150ml dung dch CuSO4 4M th thu c 19,2g kt ta. Chng t rng A ch cn c Fe. Xc nh khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp X. Bi 5. Mt hn hp gm Na, Al, Fe. Tin hnh cc th nghim sau. TN1: Cho hn hp vo nc, c V lt kh thot ra. TN2: Cho hn hp vo dung dch NaOH d, thy thot ra 7/4V lt kh. TN3: Cho hn hp vo dung dch HCl d n phn ng xong, thy thot ra 9/4V lt kh. a) Vit phng trnh phn ng v gii thch. b) Tnh thnh phn % mi kim loi trong hn hp.

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c) Nu vn gi nguyn lng Al, cn thay Na v Fe bng mt kim loi nhm 2 c khi lng bng 1/2 tng khi lng Na v Fe, sau cng cho hn hp vo dung dch HCl d cho n phn ng xong, cng thy thot ra 9/4V lt kh. Xc nh tn kim loi nhm 2 (khng c dng kt qu % ca cu b). Cc th tch u o cng iu kin. Bi 6. A l mt loi hp kim ca Ba, Mg, Al c dng nhiu trong k thut chn khng. TN1: Ly mg A (dng bt) cho vo nc ti khi ht phn ng, thy thot ra 0,896 lt H2 TN2: Ly mg A (dng bt) cho vo dung dch NaOH d ti khi ht phn ng, thy thot ra 6,944 lt H2. TN3: Ly mg A ho tan bng mt lng va dung dch HCl, ta thu c dung dch B v 9,184 lt H2 a) Tnh m v % khi lng ca cc kim loi trong hn hp A. b) Thm 10g dung dch H2SO4 9,8% vo dung dch B, sau thm tip 210g dung dch NaOH 20%. Sau khi kt thc phn ng, ly kt ta thu c em nung nhit cao. Tnh khi lng cht rn thu c. Cc th tch kh c o ktc. 6-BTS Bi 7. Ho tan 2,16g hn hp 3 kim loi Na, Al v Fe vo nc d, Thu c 0,448 lt kh (ktc) v cn li mt lng cht rn. Cho lng cht rn ny tc dng ht vi 60ml dung dch CuSO4 1M thu c 3,2g Cu kim loi v dung dch A. Cho dung dch A tc dng vi mt lng va dung dch NH3 thu c kt ta. Nung kt ta thu c trong khng kh n khi lng khng i c cht rn B. a) Xc nh khi lng tng kim loi trong hn hp u. b) Tnh khi lng cht rn B. Bi 8. Mt kim loi M tc dng vi HNO3 long thu c M(NO3)3, H2O v hn hp kh F cha N2 v N2O. Khi ho tan 2,16g M trong 0,5 lt dung dch HNO3 0,6M thu c 604,8ml hn hp kh F (ktc) c t khi so vi H2 l 18,445 v dung dch D. Mt khc ho tan hon ton 8,638g hn hp 2 kim loi kim thuc 2 chu k lin tip vo 0,4 lt dung dch HCl cha bit nng thu c 3427,2ml H2 (ktc) v dung dch E. Trn dung dch D vi dung dch E thu c 2,34g kt ta. * Xc nh M v 2 kim loi kim. * Xc nh nng mol dung dch HCl dng. Bi 9. Cho 16,3g hn hp gm 2 kim loi Na v X tc dng ht vi HCl long thu c 34,05g hn hp mui khan A. Th tch hidro thu c t X bng 1,5 ln th tch hidro thu c t Na trong cng iu kin. un nng hn hp A vi H2SO4 c sau phn ng thu c hn hp B gm 2 mui. Nu B dng khan c mB = 2mA, nhng nu dng tinh th ngm nc th c khi lng bng 68,4g. * Tnh th tch hidro thu c (ktc). * Tnh phn trm khi lng kim loi trong hn hp u. * Khi lng B bng bao nhiu? * Tm cng thc ca mui kt tinh ngm nc. Bit rng ch c 1 mui dng khan. Bi 10.

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Ho tan 17,88g mt hn hp X gm 2 kim loi kim A, B v mt kim loi kim th M vo nc d thu c dung dch C v 5,376 lt hidro. Trn ln dung dch H2SO4 v dung dch HCl c dung dch D c s mol HCl bng 4 ln s mol H2SO4. a. trung ho 1/2 dung dch C cn V lt dung dch D. Hi sau khi c cn thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan? b. em ho tan hon ton m gam nhm vo 1/2 dung dch C th thu c dung dch E v mt lng H2 bng 3/4 lng H2 thu c khi ho tan X vo nc lc u. Tnh m, bit M d tan cn MSO4 kh tan. Bi 3/125 GTH10 Bi 11. Cho 14,8g hn hp kim loi ho tr II, oxit v mui sunfat kim loi ho tr II tan hon ton trong dung dch H2SO4 long d th thu c dung dch A v 4,48 lt kh ( ktc). Cho NaOH d vo dung dch A c kt ta B, nung B nhit cao th cn li 14g cht rn. Mt khc cho 14,8g hn hp vo 0,2 lt dung dch CuSO4 2M, sau khi phn ng kt thc, tch b cht rn, ri em chng kh th c 62g. a.Tnh %m cc cht trong hn hp u. b. Xc nh kim loi ho tr II. Bi 12. Hn hp E gm 3 kim loi dng bt l K, Al v Fe c chia lm 3 phn u nhau: Phn 1: Cho vo nc d gii phng ra 4,48 lt kh. Phn 2: Cho tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d gii phng ra 7,84 lt kh. Phn 3: Ho tan hon ton vo 0,5 lt dung dch H2SO4 1,2M thu c 10,08 lt kh v to ra dung dch A (cc th tch u o ktc). a.Tnh khi lng tng kim loi trong E. b. Cho dung dch A tc dng vi 240g dung dch NaOH 20% thu c kt ta. Lc, ra kt ta v nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i c mg cht rn. Tm m ? Bi 13. Ho tan 46g mt hn hp gm Ba v 2 kim loi kim A, B thuc 2 chu k lin tip vo nc th c dung dch D v 11,2 lt kh o ktc. Nu thm 0,18 mol Na2SO4 vo dung dch D th dung dch sau phn ng vn cha kt ta ht Ba. Nu thm 0,21 mol Na2SO4 vo dung dch D th dung dch sau phn ng cn d Na 2SO4. Xc nh tn 2 kim loi kim? thi Olympic THPT chuyn L T Trng Tp HCM Bi 14. Ho tan 46g mt hn hp gm Ba v 2 kim loi kim A, B thuc 2 chu k lin tip vo nc th thu c dung dch D v 11,2 lt kh o ktc. Nu thm 0,18 mol Na2SO4 vo dung dch D th dung dch sau phn ng vn cha kt ta ht bari. Nu thm 0,21 mol Na2SO4 vo dung dch D th dung dch sau phn ng cn d Na2SO4. Xc nh tn 2 kim loi kim. Bi 95/39 SBT10

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Phn 3 Bi tp v kim loi

Bi 1. Ho tan hon ton 3,94g hn hp Zn, Mg, Fe trong mt lng va dung dch HCl thi thu c 2,016 lt kh ktc v dung dch A. Chia A lm 2 phn. Phn 1: Cho kt ta vi mt lng vi dung dch NaOH 0,06M. un nng cho cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, lc kt ta, ra sch ri nung trong khng kh nhit cao n khi lng khng i thu c 1,124g cht rn. Phn 2: Cho phn ng vi dd NaOH d ri tin hnh th nghim ging nh phn 1 th thu c bg cht rn. Tnh b v %m cc kim loi trong hn hp u. Bi 2 Mt hn hp A gm 2 kim loi Mg v Al. Cho mt na tc dng vi dung dch CuSO4 d, phn ng xong em ton b cht rn to thnh tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO3 thu c 0,56 lt kh NO ktc. Gi s cho phn cn li tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 th thu c bao nhiu lt kh N2 (ktc). Nu khi lng A l 1,5g, tm khi lng ca Al v Mg. Bi 3. t 40,6g hn hp kim loi gm Al v Zn trong bnh ng kh Cl2 thu c 65,45g hn hp rn. Cho hn hp rn ny tan ht vo dung dch HCl th thu c V lt kh H2 (ktc). Dn V lt ny qua ng ng 80g CuO nung nng. Sau mt thi gian thy ng cn li 73,32g cht rn v ch c 80% kh H2 tham gia phn ng. Xc nh %m Al v Zn trong hn hp u. Bi 4 Mt ming Mg b oxi ho mt phn. Chia n thnh 2 phn u nhau. Phn 1: Ho tan ht trong dung dch HCl th thu c 3,136 lt kh. C cn dung dch thu c 14,25g rn A.

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Phn 2: Ho tan ht trong dung dch HNO3 thu c 0,448 lt kh X nguyn cht, phn dung dch c cn thu c 23g cht rn. 1. Tnh %m Mg b oxi ho. 2. Xc nh X. Cc th tch u o ktc. Bi 225-222 GTH12 Bi 5. mg phoi bo st ngoi khng kh sau mt thi gian bin thnh hn hp B c khi lng 12g gm Fe2O3, Fe3O4, FeO v mt phn Fe d. Cho B tc dng hon ton vi dung dch HNO3 thy gii phng ra 2,24 lt kh NO duy nht ktc. Tnh m bng 3 phng php. thi HQG H Ni 1998 Bi 6. Cho 7,22g hn hp X (Fe v kim loi M c hin ha tr khng thay i). Chia hn hp lm 2 phn bng nhau: Phn 1: Cho tc dng ht vi HCl thu c 2,128 lt H2 (ktc). Phn 2: ha tan trong HNO3 cho ra 1,792 lt NO duy nht (ktc). Xc nh kim loi M. Tnh phn trm khi lng kim loi trong X. Bi 7. Khi ho tan 12,8g mt kim loi A (ho tr 2, A ng sau H trong dy in ho) trong 27,78ml H2SO4 98% (d=1,8 g/ml) dun nng, ta c dung dch B v mt kh C duy nht. Trung ho dung dch B bng mt lng NaOH 0,5M va ri c cn dung dch, nhn c 82,2g cht rn D gm 2 mui Na2SO4.10H2O v ASO4.xH2O. Sau khi lm khan 2 mui trn, thu c cht rn E c khi lng bng 56,2% khi lng ca D. a) Xc nh kim loi A v cng thc ca mui ASO4.xH2O. b) Tnh th tch dung dch NaOH 0,5M dng. Cho ton th kh C tc dng vi 1 lt dung dch KMnO4 0,2M mi trng H2SO4. Dung dch KMnO4 c mt mu hon ton hay khng? Bi 8. Khi ho tan cng 1 lng kim loi R vo dd HNO3 long v dung dch H2SO4 long th thu c kh NO v H2 c th tch bng nhau trong cng iu kin. Bit rng khi lng mui nitrat thu c bng 159,21% khi lng mui sunfat. Xc nh R. Bi 9. Cho 1,5g hn hp (Al v Mg) tc dng vi H 2SO4 long thu c 1,68 lt H2 (ktc) v dung dch A. a) Tnh phn trm khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp trn. b) Cho vo dung dch A mt lng NaOH d, tnh khi lng kt ta to thnh. c) Ly 0,75g hn hp kim loi trn tc dng vi dung dch CuSO4. Lc ly cht rn sinh ra cho tc dng vi axit HNO3 th c bao nhiu lt NO2 bay ra (ktc). Bi 10. Ho tan 4,64g hn hp A gm Mg, Al v Zn c s mol bng nhau bng mt lng va dung dch H2SO4 c, nng c dung dch X v 0,035 mol mt sn phm Y cha lu hunh. 1. Tm Y. 2. Tnh th tch dung dch H2SO4 50% (d=1,4 g/ml) ho tan ht A. 3. Thm t t dung dch NaOH 0,2M vo dung dch X. Tnh th tch dung dch NaOH thu c lng kt ta ln nht v nh nht. Bi 11.

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Mt hn hp X c khi lng 3,9g gm 2 kim loi A, B c t l khi lng nguyn t A : B = 8 : 9 v t s mol tng ng a : b = 1 : 2. a) Bit rng A v B u c khi lng nguyn t nh hn 30, xc nh A, B, % khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp X. b) Ly 3,9g hn hp X cho tc dng vi 100ml dung dch Y cha HCl 3M v H2SO4 1M. Chng t rng hn hp X tan ht cho ra dung dch Z. c) Tnh th tch dung dch NaOH 0,5M phi thm vo dung dch Z c kt ta cc i hoc kt ta cc tiu. Tnh khi lng cht rn thu c sau khi nung kt ta cc i hoc cc tiu ny. Bi 12. Cho 4,431g hn hp Al v Mg tan va trong 200ml dung dch HNO3 long th thu c dung dch A (khng cha NH4NO3) v 1,568 lt (ktc) hn hp 2 kh c khi lng l 2,59g trong c mt kh ho nu ngoi khng kh. a. Tnh %m tng kim loi trong hn hp. b. Tnh CM dung dch HNO3. c. Tnh th tch dung dch NaOH 2M ti thiu khi tc dng vi dung dch A cho kt ta nh nht. Bi 13. Mt hn hp X gm Al v Al2O3 c % Oxi l 30,77% a) Tnh thnh phn % (theo s mol) ca X. b) Ho tan 156g X trong 5 lt dung dch Y cha NaOH 0,6M v KOH 0,4M, X tan ht hay khng? c) Tnh th tch kh H2 thot ra (ktc). Dung dch sau phn ng c gi l dung dch Z. Phi thm vo dung dch Z bao nhiu lt dung dch R cha HCl 1,2M v H2SO4 0,4M : - Dung dch bt u c kt ta - Kt ta cc i - Kt ta tan tr li ht. Bi 14. Cho m(g) hn hp gm Mg v Al vo m1(g) dung dch HNO3 24%. Sau khi cc kim loi tan ht c 8,96 lt hn hp X gm NO, N2O v N2 bay ra ktc v thu c dung dch A. Thm mt lng va oxi vo hn hp X, sau phn ng thu c hn hp Y. Dn Y qua dung dch NaOH d c 4,48 lt kh Z i ra ktc, t khi ca Z so vi H2 l 20. Nu cho dung dch NaOH vo dung dch A thu c lng kt ta ln nht th thu c 62,2g kt ta. 1. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. 2. Tnh m v m1 bit HNO3 ly d 20%. 3. Tnh C% cc cht trong dung dch A. thi HVQY-2000 Bi 15. Dung dch A c cha 2 mui FeSO4 v Fe2(SO4)3. Tin hnh th nghim nh sau: * Thm dn dn dung dch NaOH n khi d vo 20ml dung dch A. Phn ng c nung nng trong khng kh, lc ly kt ta, em nung n khi lng khng i, c cht rn cn nng 1,2g. * Thm dung dch H2SO4 long vo 20ml dung dch A. Nh dn dn tng git dung dch KMnO4 0,2M vo dung dch ni trn v lc nh ti khi bt u xut hin mu hng ta dng ht 10ml dung dch KMnO4. 1. Gii thch hin tng quan st c, vit phng trnh phn ng.

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2. Tnh CM dung dch FeSO4 v Fe2(SO4)3. Bi 16. Cho 10,24g hn hp X gm 3 kim loi Cu, Mg, Fe dng bt tc dng vi 150ml dung dch 2 axit HCl 2M + H2SO4 2M, phn ng lm gii phng ra 3,584 lt H2 ( ktc) thi ht bt kh thot ra. em lc, ra thu c dung dch A v cht rn B. Ho tan ht cht rn B trong H2SO4 c, nng thi gii phng ra V lt SO2 ( ktc). Thm vo dung dch A 125ml dung dch NaOH 25% (d = 1,28g/ml). Khuy u hn hp lc, ra v nung n nhit cao trong khng kh n khi lng khng i, thu c 9,6g cht rn C. 1. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra, tnh V v %m cc kim loi trong hn hp u 2. Cho 2,65g hn hp X tc dng vi 500ml dung dch AgNO3 0,17M. Khuy k hn hp cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch v cht rn E. Tnh mE? Bi 17. C mt hn hp Al, Fe thnh phn thay i, hai dung dch NaOH v HCl cha bit nng . Qua th nghim ngi ta bit: a) 100ml dung dch HCl tc dng va vi 3,71g Na2CO3 v 20g dung dch NaOH, ng thi to c 5,85g mui n. b) 9,96g hn hp Al, Fe cho tc dng vi 1,175 lt dung dch HCl c dung dch A. Sau khi thm 800g dung dch NaOH vo dung dch A, lc thu c kt ta v nung ngoi khng kh n khi lng khng i, c cht rn c khi lng 13,85g. 1. Xc nh nng mol ca dung dch HCl v C % ca dung dch NaOH. 2. Tnh khi lng ca Al v Fe trong hn hp. Cc phn ng u hon ton. Bi 18. Ho tan hon ton 91,6g hn hp 3 kim loi A, B, C vo HNO 3 c ngui, d ta thu c 54g kim loi C, kh mu nu D v dung dch E. Cho ton b kh D hp th bng dung dch KOH d thu c hn hp mui. C cn dung dch ri nhit phn hn hp thu c 3,92 lt kh khng mu. Lng kim loi C ni trn tc dng va vi 67,2 lt clo. Nhng thanh kim loi B vo dung dch E (sau khi loi ht HNO3 d) cho phn ng n khi dung dch ch cn mt mui duy nht v cho tip thanh kim loi C vo dung dch , cho phn ng xong ly thanh kim loi C lm kh, em cn thy khi lng tng ln 16,1g. 1. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra. 2. Xc nh 3 kim loi trn, bit nA = 80% nB, A c ho tr I, B c ho tr II, cc kh u o ktc. Bi 19. Trn 13g mt kim loi M c ho tr II (M ng trc hidro trong dy in ho) vi lu hunh ri nung nng n phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c cht rn A. Cho A phn ng vi 300 ml dung dch H2SO4 1M (ly d) th thu c hn hp kh B nng 5,2g c t khi so vi O2 l 0,8125 v dung dch C. a. Xc nh M v CM (dung dch C), gi s th tch dung dch khng thay i, bit rng mui MSO4 tan tt. b. Cho 250ml dung dch NaOH xM vo 1/2 dung dch C th thu c 1 kt ta. em nung kt ta n khi lng khng i c cht rn D nng 6,075g. Tm x?
H TC-KT H Ni 1988

Bi 20. Hn hp X gm Fe v mt kim loi R c ho tr khng i. Ho tan hon ton 3,3g X trong dung dch HCl d thu c 2,9568 lt kh 27,30C, 1atm. Mt khc cng ho tan hn

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hp trong dung dch HNO3 1M ly d 10% thu c 896ml hn hp Y gm N2O v NO ktc c t khi so vi hn hp NO + C2H6 l 1,35 v 1 dung dch Z. a. Xc nh R v %m tng kim loi. b. Cho dung dch Z tc dng vi 400ml dung dch NaOH thy xut hin 4,77g kt ta. Tnh CM dung dch NaOH, bit Fe(OH)3 kt ta hon ton. Bi 21. a. Ho tan bt Fe vo dung dch H2SO4 long thu c 513ml kh 270C, 1,2atm v dung dch A. Dng lng Fe gp i trn cho vo dung dch CuSO4 th mu xanh ca dung dch nht dn n sau khi kt thc phn ng to thnh mt cht rn B mu , v mt dung dch khng mu C. Tnh lng Fe dng trong 2 trng v khi lng kt ta B. b. Cho ton b B vo dung dch HNO3 long, ngui s thu c bao nhiu lit kh bay ra ktc khi tan ht B. c. Nh tng git dung dch A (c d dung dch H2SO4) v C vo dung dch KMnO4 n khi ht th dung dch KMnO4 mt mu hon ton. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra v th tch dung dch KMnO4 8,5% cn dng. Bi 22. Ho tan 16,2g mt kim loi ho tr III vo 5 lt dung dch HNO3 0,5M (d=1,25g/ml). Sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c 2,8 lt hn hp NO v N2 ( 00C v 2atm). Trn hn hp kh trn vi lng oxi va d sau phn ng thy th tch kh ch bng 5/6 tng th tch hn hp kh ban u v kh oxi mi thm vo. Tm kim loi trn v tnh C% dung dch HNO3 sau phn ng. Bi 23. Nung nng m(g) hn hp A gmg Fe v Fe2O3 vi mt lung kh CO (d) sau phn ng thu c 25,2g Fe. Nu ngm mg A trong dung dch CuSO4 d, th c cht rn B c khi lng m + 2(g). Hiu sut cc phn ng t 100%. 1. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. 2. Tnh %m ca mi cht trong hn hp A. thi HDL Ngoi ng-Tin hc TpHCM

48

************

Phn 3- Nhit phn mui

Bi 1. Hp cht A c cng thc MxSy (M l kim loi, S l lu hunh). t chy hon ton A thu c oxit MnOm v kh B. Cho Ba(NO3)2 d tc dng vi dung dch thu c sau khi oxi ho kh B bng nc brom d to thnh 23,3g kt ta. Mt khc kh hon ton MnOm bng CO d thu c 2,8g kim loi. Ho tan ton b lng kim loi trn bng dung dch HNO3 d th thu c mui M(NO3)3 v 0,336 lt kh N2 ktc. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra v tm A. Bi 2. Trong mt bnh kn cha y khng kh cng 21,16g hn hp rn A (MgCO 3 v FeCO3). Nung bnh n phn ng hon ton c cht rn B v hn hp kh D. Ho tan B va ht 200ml dung dch HNO3 2,7M thu c 0,85 lt NO (27,3oC v 0,2897atm). Hy tnh khi lng mi cht trong A v p sut bnh sau phn ng 136,5oC. Bit Vbnh=10 lt v th tch cht rn khng ng k. Bi 3. Kt qu xc nh s mol cc ion trong dung dch X nh sau: Na+ = 0,1 mol; Ba2+ = 0,2 mol; HCO3- = 0,05 mol; Cl- = 0,36 mol. * Hi kt qu ng hay sai? V sao? * Cho bit kt qu xc nh cc cation l chnh xc. em c cn dung dch X ly cht rn nung nhit cao n khi lng khng i thu c cht rn mi c khi lng 43,6g. Anion no xc nh chnh xc. Bi 4.

49

Nung m(g) hn hp X gm 2 mui cacbonat trung tnh ca 2 kim loi A, B u c ho tr II. Sau mt thi gian thu c 3,36 lt CO2 (ktc) v cn li hn hp rn Y. Cho Y tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl d ri cho kh thot ra hp th hon ton bi dung dch Ca(OH)2 d, thu c 15g kt ta. Phn dung dch em c cn thu c 32,5g hn hp mui khan. Vit phng trnh phn ng v tnh m. thi HQG Tp HCM 1999 Bi 5. Nung nng 18,56g hn hp A gm FeCO3 v FexOy trong khng kh ti khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c kh CO2 v 16g mt oxit duy nht ca st. Cho kh CO2 hp th ht vo 400ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,15M thu c 7,88g kt ta. 1. Xc nh cng thc ca FexOy. 2. Tnh th tch dung dch HCl 2M t nht phi dng ho tan hon ton 18,56g hn hp A. HDLP 2001 Bi 6. Cho 88,2g hn hp A gm FeCO3 v FeS2 cng lng khng kh ly d 10% so vi lng tc dng vo bnh kn, th tch khng i. To nhit thch hp phn ng xy ra thu c Fe2O3 (Gi thit 2 mui ban u c kh nng phn ng nh nhau trong cc phn ng). a bnh tr v nhit trc khi nung, trong bnh c kh C, cht rn B. Kh C gy p sut ln hn 1,45% so vi p sut kh trong bnh trc khi nung. Ho tan cht rn B trong lng d H2SO4 long c kh D ( lm kh), cc cht cn li trong bnh phn ng c tc dng vi lng d dung dch KOH. cht rn E c trong bnh sau qu trnh trn ra ngoi khng kh, sau thi gian cn thit c cht rn F. Bit rng trong hn hp A ban u mt mui c s mol gp 1,5 ln s mol ca mui cn li. 1. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra. 2. Tnh t khi ca B so vi D. 3. Tnh %m ca cc cht trong F. Bi 7. Nung 27,25g hn hp 2 mui NaNO3 v Cu(NO3)2 khan thu c mt hn hp kh A. Dn ton b kh A vo 89,2ml nc th thy c 1,12 lt kh ktc khng b nc hp th. * Tnh %m mi mui. * Tnh CM v C% ca dung dch to thnh, coi th tch dung dch khng i v lng oxi tan trong nc l khng ng k. Bi tp sch gii ton ho 11 Bi 8. Trong mt bnh kn dung tch 1 lt cha N2 27,30C 0,5atm v 9,4g mt mui nitrat kim loi. Nung nng bnh mt thi gian nhit phn ht mui v a nhit bnh v 136,5 0 C, p sut trong bnh lc y l P. Cht rn lc y cn li l 4g. 1. nhit phn mui nitrat ca kim loi no? 2. Tnh p sut P, gi thit dung tch bnh khng thay i, th tch cht rn khng ng k. 72 B..T.S Bi 9. Cho 2,56g Cu phn ng hon ton vi 25,2g dung dch HNO3 60% thu c dung dch A. Xc nh C% dung dch A, bit rng nu thm 210ml dung dch KOH 1M vo dung dch A ri c cn, nung sn phm n khi lng khng i th c 20,76g cht rn.
HVKTQS 2000

Bi 10. Nhit phn hon ton 4,7g mt mui nitrat thu c 2g mt cht rn. Tm cng thc ca mui v vit 6 loi phn ng khc nhau iu ch mui ni trn.

50

Trn CuO vi mt oxit kim loi ho tr II theo t l mol 1:2 thu c hn hp A. Cho lung kh H2 d i qua hn hp A c khi lng 2,4g, nung nng thu c hn hp B. ho tan ht B cn 40ml dung dch HNO3 2,5M v thu c V lt NO duy nht ktc. 1. Xc nh kim loi ho tr II trn. 2. Tnh %m mi oxit trong hn hp u. Bi 11. Cho 38,49g cht rn gm kim loi M (ho tr II) v mui nitrat ca n vo bnh chu p sut dung tch 6 lt khng c khng kh. Nung bnh phn ng xy ra hon ton (mui nhit phn cho sn phm l oxit kim loi). Sau phn ng a v 27,30C v 0,4928atm thu c cht rn D. Chia D lm 2 phn c khi lng n(g) v m(g). Ho tan m(g) D bng 150g dung dch HNO3 12,6% thu c dung dch B v kh NO duy nht. Ho tan n(g) D bng dung dch HCl d thu c kh H2 c t l th tch so vi kh NO thu c trn l 3:8 (cng iu kin v nhit , p sut). Nu cha lng H2 trong bnh th 27,30C p sut trong bnh bng 5% p sut bnh sau khi nung hn hp u. a. Xc nh kim loi M. b. Tnh gi tr n v m. c. Tnh %m cc cht rn trong hn hp u. thi th HVKTQS 2000 Bi 12. Cho mt lung CO i qua ng s ng 0,04 mol hn hp A gm FeO v Fe2O3 un nng. Sau khi kt thc th nghim ta thu c cht rn B gm 4 cht, nng 4,784g. Kh i ra khi ng s cho hp th vo dung dch Ba(OH)2 d, th thu c 9,062g kt ta. Mt khc ho tan cht rn B bng dung dch HCl d thy thot ra 0,6272 lt H2 (ktc). 1. Tnh %m cc oxit trong A. 2. Tnh %m cc cht trong B. Bit rng trong B s mol Fe 3O4 bng 1/3 tng s mol FeO v Fe2O3. 12 B..T.S

51

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Phn 4 Bi tp nhit kh
Bi 1. Cho mt hn hp gm 2 oxit kim loi ho tr 2 v 3 vi t l tng ng v s mol l 2:1 Chia 32,2g hn hp oxit ny lm 2 phn u nhau: Phn 1: Nung trong ng s ri cho lung kh CO d i qua thu c cht rn gm 2 kim loi nng 12,1g. Phn 2: Cho tc dng vi dung dch NaOH long, d thy sau phn ng cn li 8g mt cht rn khng tan. Xc nh 2 oxit bit H = 100%. Bi 2. Hn hp X gm 2 oxit RxOy v RzOt c khi lng phn t bng nhau. Kh hon ton X bng H2 c 7,68g hn hp E gm 2 kim loi R v R v 1,8g nc. * Tnh khi lng X v khi lng mi kim loi trong E. Bit khi lng oxi trong RxOy bng 1/4 ln khi lng oxi trong RzOt . * Bit y = 1, xc nh R v R. Bi 3.

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Kh hon ton 4,06g mt oxit kim loi bng CO nhit cao thnh kim loi. Dn ton b kh sinh ra vo bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH)2 d, thy to thnh 7g kt ta. Nu ly lng kim loi sinh ra ho tan ht vo dung dch HCl d th thu c 1,176 lt kh H2. 1. Xc nh cng thc oxit kim loi. 2. Cho 4,06g oxit kim loi trn tc dng hon ton vi 500ml dung dch H2SO4 c, nng (d) c dung dch X v c kh SO2 bay ra. Hy xc nh nng mol/lt ca mui trong dung dch X. (coi th tch ca dung dch khng thay i trong xut qu trnh phn ng, th tch kh o ktc ). thi H v C khi A 2003 Bi 4. Dn t t 5,6 lt (1,2atm, 136,50C) hn hp kh X gm CO v H2 c t khi so vi H2 l 4,25 qua ng cha 16,8g hn hp A gm Fe, FeCO3, Fe3O4 nung nng. Thu ton b kh bay ra khi ng ta c hn hp kh B v trong ng cn li 1,344 lt (ktc) ca 1 kh E khng b hp th. Ly cht rn D ho tan ht trong dung dch H 2SO4 long d thu c 2,24 lt (ktc) ca kh E v 1 dung dch L. Dung dch L lm mt mu va 95ml dung dch thuc tm nng 0,4M. a. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng. b. Tnh khi lng cc cht trong hn hp A v hn hp D. HBK 1990 Bi 5. Hn hp A c khi lng 8,14g gm CuO, Al 2O3 v mt xit ca st. Cho H2 d qua A nung nng, sau khi phn ng xong thu c 1,44g nc. Ho tan hon ton A cn dung 170ml dung dch H2SO4 1M, thu c dung dch B. Cho B tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, lc ly kt ta em nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i, c 5,2g cht rn. Xc nh cng thc ca xit st v tnh khi lng ca tng xit trong A. thi HBKHN 2001

53

************

Phn 5- Bi tp nhit nhm

Bi 1. Cho hn hp A dng bt gm Al v Fe3O4. Nung A nhit cao phn ng xy ra hon ton c hn hp B. Nghin nh B, trn u v chia lm 2 phn: Phn t cho tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thu c 1,176 lt kh (ktc) v cht khng tan, tch ring phn cht khng tan v em ho tan trong dung dch HCl d thu c 1,008 lt kh (ktc). Phn nhiu cho tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 6,552 lt kh (ktc). 1. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra v tnh mA v %m cc cht trong A. 2. Nu em phn 1 cho vo 80ml dung dch CuSO4 1M, khuy k n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, lc ly cht rn, ra sch v ho tan ht bng dung dch HNO3 80,88% (d = 1,455 g/ml) th c mt kh mu nu duy nht. Tnh th tch kh sinh ra ktc v th tch dung dch HNO3 ti thiu dng. Bi 2.

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Nung mg hn hp A gm bt Al v Fe3O4. Gi s ch c phn ng: Al + Fe3O4 t Fe + Al2O3. Sau mt thi gian thu c cht rn B. ho tan ht B cn V lt dung dch H2SO4 0,7M. Sau phn ng thu c dung dch C v 9,846 lt kh o 1,5atm v 270C. Cho dung dch NaOH vo dung dch C n d thu c kt ta D. Nung D trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c 44g cht rn E. Cho 50g hn hp X (CO v CO2) qua E nung nng. Sau khi E phn ng ht thu c kh X c khi lng gp 1,208 ln khi lng X. 1. Tnh %m cc cht trong B. 2. Tnh m v V. 25 B..T.S Bi 3. Ho tan hon ton mt t oxit FexOy bng H2SO4 c, nng ta thu c 2,24 lt SO2 (ktc), phn dung dch cha 120g mt loi mui st duy nht. 1. Xc nh cng thc ca oxit st. 2. Trn 10,8g bt Al vi 34,8g bt FexOy trn ri tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm. Gi s lc ch xy ra phn ng kh FexOy thnh Fe. Ho tan hon ton hn hp cht rn sau phn ng bng dung dch H2SO4 20% (d= 1,14g/ml) th thu c 10,752 lt H2 (ktc). a. Tnh hiu sut phn ng nhit nhm. b. Tnh th tch ti thiu H2SO4 dng. 37 B..T.S Bi 4. A v B l hai hn hp u cha Al v Fe xOy. Sau phn ng nhit nhm mu A thu c 92,35g cht rn C. Ho tan C bng dung dch NaOH d thy c 8,4 lt kh bay ra v cn li mt phn cht khng tan D. Ho tan 1/4 lng cht D bng H2SO4 c nng thy tiu tn 60g H2SO4 98%. Gi s ch to thnh mt loi mui st III. 1. Tnh khi lng Al2O3 to thnh khi nhit phn mu A. 2. Xc nh CTPT ca oxit st. 3. Tin hnh nhit nhm 26,8g mu B, sau khi lm ngui ho tan hn hp thu c bng dung dch HCl long, d thy bay ra 11,2 lt kh. Tnh khi lng Al v FexOy ca mu em nhit nhm. Bit H = 100% (cc phn ng); th tch u o ktc. 23 B..T.S Bi 5. Ho tan hon ton mg hn hp bt A (Al, Fe 3O4, CuO) bng H2SO4 c, nng thu c 21,84 lt kh X. Mt khc trn u mg hn hp A ri thc hin phn ng nhit nhm, nhn c hn hp rn B. Cho ht lng B tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, thu c 3,36 lt kh Y. Khi phn ng kt thc cho tip dung dch HCl ti d vo nhn c dung dch C, m 1g cht rn v thu thm c kt ta D. em nung kt ta D trong chn khng ti khi lng khng i thu c 34,8g hn hp rn E. 1. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra. 2. Tnh m, m1 v %m cc cht trong hn hp A v E. (cc th tch u o ktc) Bi 6. Tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm vi Fe2O3 trong iu kin khng c khng kh. Chia hn hp sau phn ng trn u thnh 2 phn. Phn 2 c khi lng nhiu hn phn 1 l 134g. Cho phn 1 tc dng vi lng d dung dch NaOH thy c 16,8 lt H2 bay ra.
0

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Ho tan phn 2 bng mt lng d dung dch HCl thy c 84 lt H2 bay ra. Cc phn ng u xy ra vi H = 100%, cc th tch u o ktc. 1. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra. 2. Tnh khi lng Fe hnh thnh trong qu trnh nhit nhm.
thi H Xy Dng HN 2000

************ Phn XIII IN PHN Bi 1. in phn in cc tr 200ml dung dch Cu(NO3)2 n khi bt u c bt kh thot ra catot th dng, yn dung dch n khi khi lng catot khng i thy khi lng so vi khi lng lc u tng 3,2g. Tnh CM dung dch Cu(NO3)2 ban u khi cha in phn.
thi HQGTPHCM 1999

Bi 2.

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in phn 2 lt dung dch HCl v KCl trong bnh in phn c mng ngn, I = 21,23 A, sau 15 pht th dung dch c pH = 3. * Tnh pH ca dung dch lc u. * Cn in phn bao nhiu lu na thu c dung dch c pH = 12. (Coi th tch dung dch khng thay i trong qu trnh in phn) Bi 3. in phn dung dch MXn bng in cc tr, mng ngn xp, sau 21 pht 27 giy vi I = 5A thy trn catot sinh ra 1,9575g kim loi M. * Tm M. * Nu khi lng MXn em in phn l 7,293g th X l halogen no? Bi 4. Ngi ta thc hin s in phn iu ch Al t Al2O3 vi dng in 10000A, hiu in th 5(Vn) lin tc 8 gi. a. Tm khi lng Al thu c. b. Phi thm bao nhiu kg than ch vo anot v thu c bao nhiu gam xa khi dn ton b kh ny vo dung dch NaOH d. c. Tnh in nng theo ot dng, bit hiu sut in phn l 50%. Bi 5. X l hn hp Cu, Fe. Ho tan m gam X bng V lt dung dch H2SO4 98%d = 1,84 g/ml c dung dch A. Pha long dung dch A ri in phn vi in cc tr dng in I 2+ = 9,65A n ht Cu th mt 9 pht 20 giy (H = 100%). Dung dch B nhn c sau phn ng va ht 100ml dung dch KMnO4 0,04M. * Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. * Tnh phn trm khi lng 2 kim loi trong X. * Tnh V, bit lng axit dng ch ht 10% so vi lng c. Bi 6. Ho tan a(g) CuSO4.5H2O vo dung dch HCl c 500ml dung dch A. 1. Ly 100ml A in phn bng dng in 5A, in cc tr sau 6 pht 26 giy ngng in phn c dung dch B. Thm 3,288g Ba vo dung dch B, sau khi phn ng xong, lc ly kt ta, nung n khi lng khng i thu c 4,834g cht rn C gm 2 cht. Phn nc lc c mi trng trung tnh, em lm kh c m gam mt mui khan. Tnh a? Tnh CM dung dch HCl trong dung dch A v tnh m? 2. Ly 100ml dung dch A em in phn bng dng in 6,4A, in cc tr sau t pht th trn anot thu c 0,4704 lt kh (ktc). Tnh t? Bi 7. Trn 200ml dung dch AgNO3 C1(M) vi 250ml dung dch Cu(NO3)2 C2(M) c dung dch A. Ly 250ml dung dch A in phn, in cc tr, I = 0,429A, sau 5 gi in phn xong, khi lng kim loi thu c 6,36g. Tnh C1 v C2. Bi 8. M l kim loi ho tr II, M l kim loi ho tr I u ng sau niken trong dy th in ho. in phn dung dch hn hp mui nitrat ca 2 kim loi (t l nng tng ng l 7:16) vi in cc tr cng dng in 0,6A cho n khi catot bt u xut hin bt kh th sau 1 gi 20 pht 25 giy trn catot nhn c 2,176g kim loi. Cho bit tn M v M, bit tng khi lng nguyn t M v M l 172; H = 100%. Bi 9.

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1. Ho tan hn hp X gm a mol Zn, b mol Fe, c mol Na trong nc d c V lt kh A v phn khng tan B. Cho B tc dng vi 100ml dung dch CuSO4 0,5M thu c 2,24g Cu kim loi v dung dch C. Cho dung dch C tc dng vi lng d dung dch NaOH c kt ta D. Nung D trong khng kh nhit cao n khi lng khng i c 2,8g cht rn E. * Tnh V theo a, b, c. * Tnh khi lng mi kim loi trong X? Bit V = 0,224 lt, cc th tch o ktc. 2. Mt khc khi in phn dung dch C ( trn) in cc tr, I = 0,5A n khi trong dung dch khng cn ion kim loi th thi gian in phn l bao nhiu? Gi thit catot H2 to ra sau Zn, H = 100%. thi HGTVT 1997 Bi 10. Ho tan m(g) hn hp A gm Al, Cu, Ag bng dung dch HNO3 va c dung dch B. Pha long dung dch B ri in phn n khi trn catot c 1,296g kim loi v trn anot c 67,2ml kh (ktc) th ngng in phn. Cho 0,81g bt Al vo dung dch sau in phn ri lc u n dung dch mt mu xanh hon ton, tch phn cht rn, lm kh c 3,891g. Ly phn nc lc cho tc dng vi mt lng dung dch NH3, ri nung kt ta sinh ra nhit cao n khi lng khng i, cn c 1,989g. Tnh khi lng mi kim loi trong m gam A. Bit rng trong A: n Al = 1/6(nCu + nAg), khi ho tan kim loi HNO3 u b kh thnh NO. Bi 11. Trung ho 80ml dung dch H2SO4 37,54% (d = 1,24 g/ml) bng dung dch KOH 32,8% c dung dch A. in phn dung dch A bng dng in 20A, sau thi gian t ngng in phn, c dung dch B 28,5% v 18g mui khan tch ra di dng tinh th. Tnh thi gian in phn. Bi 12. in phn 200ml dung dch CuSO4, sau khi in phn khi lng dung dch gim 8g. Mt khc kt ta ht lng CuSO4 cn li cha b in phn phi dng ht 1,12 lt H2S ( ktc). Tnh CM v C% dung dch CuSO4 ban u bit ddd CuSO4 = 1,25 g/ml, gi thit nc bay hi khng ng k. Bi 13. Cho 13,0625g hn hp X gm 1 mui clorua v hidroxit ca cng 1 kim loi kim c ho tan vo nc to thnh dung dch A. in phn in cc tr, mng ngn xp dung dch A thu c 200 ml dung dch B. Dung dch B ch cn 1 cht tan v c nng l 6% (d = 1,05 g/ml). Cho bit 10ml dung dch B phn ng va vi 5ml dung dch HCl 2,25M. * Xc nh cng thc phn t ca X v phn trm khi lng cc cht trong X. * Tip tc in phn dung dch B bng dng in 96,5A. Tnh thi gian in phn nng dung dch thay i 2%. Bi 14. Ho tan mg Cu(NO3)2 vo nc, sau in phn cho ti khi catot bt u thot kh th dng li. Dng a thu tinh khuy u cho n khi ht kh khng mu thot ra sau ly in cc ra cn thy khi lng tng m/11,75g. Tnh m. Bi 15. in phn dng in cc tr dung dch mui sunfat kim loi ho tr hai vi cng dng 3A. Sau 1930 giy thy khi lng catt tng 1,92g.

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Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra ti mi in cc v phng trnh chung cho qu trnh in phn. Cho bit tn kim loi trong mui sunfat. Hy tnh khi lng kh to thnh ti ant 25 0C v 770mmHg. Nu kh thu c c ln hi nc hy gii thiu 3 ho cht c th lm kh kh . Bi 16. Chia 1,6 lt dung dch A cha HCl v Cu(NO3)2 lm hai phn bng nhau. Phn 1 em in phn vi in cc tr vi cng dng 2,5 A, sau thi gian t thu c 3,136 lt (ktc) mt cht kh duy nht ant. Dung dch sau in phn phn ng va vi 550ml dung dch NaOH 0,8M v thu c 1,96g kt ta. Tnh nng mol ca cc cht trong dung dch A v thi gian t. Cho mg bt st vo phn hai, lc u cho ti khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c hn hp kim loi c khi lng bng 0,7mg v V lt kh. Tnh m v V(ktc). Bi 17. in phn 2 lt dung dch CuSO4 0,5 M vi in cc tr. Sau mt thi gian, ngng in phn v cho i qua dung dch sau in phn mt lung kh A ly d thu c 72g kt ta mu en. Bit rng t chy kh A trong O2 d th to thnh hi nc v kh B, kh B lm mt mu dung dch nc brom. - Xc nh cng thc phn t ca cc kh A v B. - Tnh th tch cc kh thot ra ant (ktc). - Tnh th tch dung dch HNO3 60% (d = 1,37g/ml) cn thit d ho tan hon ton lng kim loi kt ta trn ant. Bi 18. Ho tan mg hn hp gm Al, Cu, Ag bng dung dch HNO3 va thu c dung dch A. Pha long dung dch A ri em in phn n khi thu c 1,296g kim loi ti catt v 67,2ml kh ti ant (ktc) th dng in phn. Cho vo dung dch sau in phn 0,81g bt nhm ri lc u cho n kh ht mu xanh. Tch phn cht rn, sy kh cn c 3,831g. Cho kh NH3 qua dung dch nc lc n khi phn ng xong, lc ly kt ta nung n khi lng khng i cn c 1,989g. Tnh khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp. Bit rng s nAl= 1/6(nCu + nAg), HNO3 b kh xung NO. Bi 19. Ho tan 208,8g hn hp G gm RCl v ROH (R l kim loi kim) vo nc c dung dch A. Chia dung dch A thnh hai phn bng nhau P1 v P2 ri em in phn vi in cc tr, c mng ngn theo hai th nghim: TN1: in phn P1 vi in lng Q, thu c 13,44 lt hn hp kh X c hai in cc, cn li dung dch B. TN2: in phn P2 vi in lng 2 Q, thu c 24,64 lt hn hp kh Y c hai in cc, cn li dung dch C. trung ho dung dch C cn hai lt dung dch HCl 0,8 M. - Tnh th tch mi kh trong hn hp X, Y. Tnh in lng Q, xc nh R. Bit khi lng dung dch B l 378,1g. Tnh C % cc cht trong dung dch A, B, C. (Cc th tch o ktc, qu trnh in phn hon ton khng c tht thot hi nc do hiu ng nhit). Bi 20. Dung dch A cha ng thi 2 cht tan l nhm clorua, natri clorua. in phn 500ml dung dch A bng dng in cng 5A, in th khng i. Khi va ht kh B thot ra anot th dng in phn. Th tch kh B thu c ktc l 19,04 lt ; B tan c trong nc to ra dung dch ty mu. Trong bnh in phn c 23,4g kt ta dng keo. - Tnh th tch kh D thot ra catot (27,3oC v 1atm).

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- Tnh thi gian in phn (theo gi). - Tnh nng dung dch A. Rt t t cho n ht 509,1ml KOH 10% (d = 1,1g/ml) vo 200ml dung dch A. - Nu v gii thch cc hin tng xy ra. - Tnh lng kt ta thu c nhiu nht, t nht. Bi 21. Chia 8,84g hn hp mt mui clorua ca kim loi ho tr mt v BaCl 2 thnh 2 phn bng nhau: Ho tan hon ton phn 1 vo nc ri cho tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d th to ra 8,61g kt ta. em in phn nng chy phn th hai th thu c V lt kh bay ra ant. Tnh th tch V ktc. Xc nh tn kim loi ho tr mt bit rng s mol mui clorua ca kim loi ho tr mt gp 4 ln BaCl2. Cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Bi 22. Ho tan 60g hn hp gm hai oxit kim loi ho tr hai vo 1 lt dung dch cha HCl, H2SO4 c nng ln lt l 2M v 0,75M c dung dch X. phn ng vi lng axit trong X phi dng ht 58,1g hn hp (NH4)2CO3 v BaCO3 sau phn ng xong ta thu c dung dch Y. in phn dung dch Y cho n khi catt bt u xut hin bt kh th dng li. Khi c 16g kim loi bm vo catt v c 5,6 lt kh c gii phng ant Tnh khi lng nguyn t ca hai kim loi trong hn hp oxit v thnh phn khi lng ca hn hp . Tnh %m ca hn hp mui cacbonat dng, th tch kh c o ktc Bi 23. Ho tan hn hp gm FeCl3, Fe(NO3)3, CuCl2 v Cu(NO3)2 vo nc thnh 200ml ddA. in phn 100ml dung dch A cho n khi ht ion Cl- th dng in phn thy catt tng 6,4g, ng thi khi lng dung dch gim 17,05g. Dung dch sau in phn phn ng vi NaOH va thu c kt ta B, nung B trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c 16g hn hp hai oxit kim loi. C cn 100ml dung dch cn li thu c mg hn hp mui khan. Tnh gi tr m. Bi 24. Nung nng mg hn hp A gm CuCO3 v MCO3 mt thi gian thu c m1g cht rn A1 v V lt CO2 bay ra (ktc). Cho V lt kh ny hp th hon ton vo dung dch cha 0,4 mol NaOH, sau thm CaCl2 d vo thy to thnh 15g kt ta. Mt khc em ho tan A1 bng dung dch HCl d thu c dung dch B v 1,568 lt CO2(ktc). Tin hnh in phn (in cc tr) dung dch B ti khi catt bt u thot kh th dng li, thy ant thot ra 2,688 lt kh (ktc), c cn dung dch sau in phn ri ly mui khan em in phn nng chy th thu c 4g kim loi catt. - Tnh khi lng nguyn t M. - Tnh m1 v m2. Bi 25. C mt hp cht thnh phn gm mt kim loi c ho tr cha bit v mt phi kim ho tr 1. Khi ly 100ml dung dch c cha 9,5g hp cht ny cho phn ng vi AgNO3 d thu c 28,7g kt ta. Mt khc, em in phn nng chy ag hp cht trn th catt (tr) thot ra 4,8g kim loi v ant c 4,48 lt kh bay ra.

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a) Xc nh cng thc ho hc ca hp cht. b) Tnh nng mol/lt ca dung dch ly lm th nghim vi AgNO3. c) Tnh lng ag ca hp cht ly in phn.

Bi 4-126-GTH10

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