Gii thi H-C nm 2010

THI TUYN SINH I HC, CAO NG NM 2010

Mn thi : HO, khi A - M : 596
H = 1; He =4, Li =7, Be =9, C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; S = 32; Cl = 35,5;
K = 39; Ca = 40; Cr = 52, Mn = 55; Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Zn = 65; Br = 80; Rb = 85, Sr = 88, Ag=108; Sn = 119; Cs =133; Ba =
137: Pb = 207.
PHN CHUNG CHO TT C TH SINH (40 cu, t cu 1 n cu 40)
Cu 1 : Dung dich X co cha: 0,07 mol Na+; 0,02 mol SO42- va x mol OH-. Dung dich Y co cha ClO4-, NO3- va y mol H+; tng s
mol ClO4- v NO3- la 0,04. Trn X va Y c 100 ml dung dich Z. Dung dich Z co pH (bo qua s in li cua H2O) la
A. 1
B. 2
C. 12
D. 13
LBTT: 0,07 = 0,02*2 + x x = 0,03 (mol); y = 0,04 (mol) . Vy nH+ d = 0,01 (mol). [H+] = 0,01:0.1 = 0,1 (M) pH = 1
Cu 2 : Cho 19,3 gam hn hp bt Zn va Cu co ti l mol tng ng la 1 : 2 vao dung dich cha 0,2 mol Fe 2(SO4)3. Sau khi cac
phan ng xay ra hoan toan, thu c m gam kim loai. Gia tri cua m la
A. 6,40
B. 16,53
C. 12,00
D. 12,80
65x + 64*2x = 19,3 nZn = 0,1 (mol) ; n Cu = 0,2 (mol) ; nFe3+ = 0,4 (mol).
Zn + 2Fe3+ 2Fe2+ + Zn2+
Cu + 2Fe3+ 2Fe2+ + Cu2+
0,1 ----0,2
0,1 -- 0,2
Vy cn d 0,1 mol Cu m = 0,1*64 = 6,4 (g)
Cu 3 : Hn hp khi X gm N2 va H2 co ti khi so vi He bng 1,8. un nong X mt thi gian trong binh kin (co bt Fe lam xuc
tac), thu c hn hp khi Y co ti khi so vi He bng 2. Hiu sut cua phan ng tng hp NH3 la
A. 50%
B. 36%
C. 40%
D. 25%
Chn 1 mol hn hp u: a mol N2 v (1-a) mol H2. Ta c: M = 28x + (1-a) = 1,8*4 a = 0,2
X l lng N2 phn ng :
N2 + 3H2 2 NH3
0,2
0,8
x
3x
2x
0,2-x 0,8-3x 2x
nhn hp = 0,2 x + 0,8 3x + 2x = 1 2x
mhh 4*1,8
M=
=
x = 0,05. H%(theo N2) = 0,05/0,2 = 25 (%)
nhh 1 2 x
Cu 4 : Trong s cac cht : C3H8, C3H7Cl, C3H8O va C3H9N; cht co nhiu ng phn cu tao nht la
A. C3H7Cl
B. C3H8O
C. C3H8
D. C3H9N
S C bng nhau , nguyn t N trong hp cht hu c c ha tr (III) cao hn O(II), Cl(I) v H(I) nn to nhiu ng phn hn.
Cu 5: Thc hin cac thi nghim sau :
(I) Suc khi SO2 vao dung dich KMnO4
(II) Suc khi SO2 vao dung dich H2S
(III) Suc hn hp khi NO2 va O2 vao nc
(IV) Cho MnO2 vao dung dich HCl c, nong
(V) Cho Fe2O3 vao dung dich H2SO4 c, nong
(VI) Cho SiO2 vao dung dich HF. S thi nghim co phan ng oxi hoa - kh xay ra la
A. 3
B. 6
C. 5
D. 4
Phn ng (V) st ha tr cao nht, phn ng (VI) to H2O + SiF4 ha tr khng i nn khng l phn ng OXH kh.
Cu 6: Cho cn bng 2SO2 (k) + O2 (k) 2SO3 (k). Khi tng nhit thi ti khi cua hn hp khi so vi H 2 giam i. Phat biu
ung khi noi v cn bng nay la :
A. Phan ng nghich toa nhit, cn bng dich chuyn theo chiu thun khi tng nhit .
B. Phan ng thun toa nhit, cn bng dich chuyn theo chiu nghich khi tng nhit .
C. Phan ng nghich thu nhit, cn bng dich chuyn theo chiu thun khi tng nhit .
D. Phan ng thun thu nhit, cn bng dich chuyn theo chiu nghich khi tng nhit .
V t khi hi hn hp vi H2 gim nn s mol hn hp tng (s phn t kh tng) theo chu nghch.
Vy phn ng ta nhit, khi tng nhit cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu nghch.
Cu 7: Cho m gam NaOH vao 2 lit dung dich NaHCO 3 nng a mol/l, thu c 2 lit dung dich X. Ly 1 lit dung dich X tac
dung vi dung dich BaCl2 (d) thu c 11,82 gam kt tua. Mt khac, cho 1 lit dung dich X vao dung dich CaCl2 (d) ri un
nong, sau khi kt thuc cac phan ng thu c 7,0 gam kt tua. Gia tri cua a, m tng ng la
A. 0,04 va 4,8
B. 0,07 va 3,2
C. 0,08 va 4,8
D. 0,14 va 2,4
C nBaCO3 = 0,06 (mol) ; nCaCO3 = 0,07 (mol) nn dd X c 2 mui CO32- v HCO3-(d) .
HCO3- + OH- CO32- + H2O; Ba2+ + CO32- BaCO3 ;
0,06 --- 0,06 ---------------------------------------------- 0,06 Vy m = 0,06*2*40 = 4,8 (g)
2HCO3- CO32- + CO2 + H2O; Ca2+ + CO32- CaCO3 . s mol ca HCO3- l 0,06 + x
x ----------- x/2
(0,06 + x/2) -- 0,07 . C 0,06 + x/2 = 0,07 ; x = 0,02. Vy a = 0,08*2/2 = 0,08 (M)
Cu 8: Mt phn t saccaroz co
A. mt gc -glucoz va mt gc -fructoz
B. mt gc -glucoz va mt gc -fructoz
C. hai gc -glucoz
D. mt gc -glucoz va mt gc -fructoz
p n D.
Cu 9: Oxi hoa ht 2,2 gam hn hp hai ancol n chc thanh anehit cn va u 4,8 gam CuO. Cho toan b lng anehit
trn tac dung vi lng d dung dich AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c 23,76 gam Ag. Hai ancol la :
A. C2H5OH, C2H5CH2OH
B. C2H5OH, C3H7CH2OH
C. CH3OH, C2H5CH2OH
D. CH3OH, C2H5OH
CnH2n+1OH + CuO CnH2nO + Cu + H2O; nCuO = nancol = nandehit = 0,6(mol) ; nAg = 0,22 (mol)

1 Ti liu luyn thi i hc nm 2010 - 2011

Gii thi H-C nm 2010

M ancol =

2, 2
CH 3OH HCHO 4 Ag x + y = 0, 06
x = 0, 05
= 36, 67 vy mt cht CH3OH

0, 06
Cn H 2 n+1OH C nH 2 nO 2 Ag 4 x + 2 y = 0, 22 x = 0, 01

mhn hp ancol = 0,05*32 + 0,01*MROH = 2,2; R = 60 17 = 43. Ancol cn li l C3H7OH

Cu 10: Hn hp M gm ancol no, n chc X va axit cacboxylic n chc Y, u mach h v co cung s nguyn t C, tng s
mol cua hai cht la 0,5 mol (s mol cua Y ln hn s mol cua X). Nu t chay hoan toan M thi thu c 33,6 lit khi CO2 (ktc)
va 25,2 gam H2O. Mt khac, nu un nong M vi H2SO4 c thc hin phan ng este hoa (hiu sut la 80%) thi s gam este
thu c la
A. 34,20
B. 27,36
C. 22,80
D. 18,24
S C = nCO2/nhh = 3 vy ancol l C3H7OH 4H2O . V nNc < nCO2 nn axit khng no.
Axit c 3C c 2TH:
CH2=CH-COOH 2H2O ; x + y = 0,5 v 4x + 2y = 1,4. Ta c x= 0,2 v y = 0,3 (nhn)
CHC-COOH 1H2O ; x + y = 0,5 v 4x + y = 1,4. Ta c x= 0,3 v y = 0,2 (loi nY < nX)
Este l CH2=CH-COOC3H7. Vi m CH2=CH-COOC3H7 = 0,2*0,8*114 = 18,24 (g)

Cu 11: Cho dung dich X gm: 0,007 mol Na+; 0,003 mol Ca2+; 0,006 mol Cl-; 0,006 HCO3 va 0,001 mol NO3 . loai bo ht
2+
Ca trong X cn mt lng va u dung dich cha a gam Ca(OH)2 Gia tri cua a la
A. 0,222
B. 0,120
C. 0,444
D. 0,180
nCa(OH)2 = x. nOH- = 2x v nCa2+ = x. Theo bi:
OH- +
HCO3- CO32- + H2O
2x
0,006 --------- 0,006
Ca2+ +
CO32-- CaCO3.
x+0,003
0,006
Ch c x = 0,003 tha mn. Vy a = 0,003*74 = 0,222 (g)
Cu 12: Hn hp khi nao sau y khng tn tai nhit thng ?
A. H2 va F2
B. Cl2 va O2
C. H2S va N2
D. CO va O2
F2 l phi kim mnh nht phn ng mnh lit vi H2 ngay c trong bng ti v nhit rt m.
Cu 13: un nong hn hp khi X gm 0,02 mol C2H2 va 0,03 mol H2 trong mt binh kin (xuc tac Ni), thu c hn hp khi Y.
Cho Y li t t vao binh nc brom (d), sau khi kt thuc cac phan ng, khi lng binh tng m gam va co 280 ml hn hp
khi Z (ktc) thoat ra. Ti khi cua Z so vi H2 la 10,08. Gia tri cua m la
A. 0,328
B. 0,205
C. 0,585
D. 0,620
Trong 0,0125 mol kh thot ra l H2 (x mol) v C2H6 (0,0125 mol):
mC2H6 + mH2 = 0,0125*2*10,08 = 2x + 30(0,0125 x) . x = 0,123/28 ( mol H2) v 0,227/28 mol C2H6.
mtng = m hn hp u - m kh thot ra. = (0,02*26 + 0,03*2) 2*0,123/28 30*0,227/28 = 0,328 (g)
Cu 14: Nung nong tng cp cht trong binh kin: (1) Fe + S (r), (2) Fe 2O3 + CO (k), (3) Au + O2 (k), (4) Cu + Cu(NO3)2 (r), (5)
Cu + KNO3 (r) , (6) Al + NaCl (r). Cac trng hp xay ra phan ng oxi hoa kim loai la :
A. (1), (3), (6)
B. (2), (3), (4)
C. (1), (4), (5)
D. (2), (5), (6)
Ch c (1), (2), (4), (5) c phn ng , Ch c (1), (4), (5) kim loi l cht kh.
Cu 15: Tng s cht hu c mach h, co cung cng thc phn t C2H4O2 la
A. 3
B. 1
C. 2
D. 4
Cc CTCT mch h ph hp: HCOOCH3; CH3COOH; HO-CH2-CHO
Cu 16: Co cac phat biu sau :
(1) Lu huynh, photpho u bc chay khi tip xuc vi CrO3
(2) Ion Fe3+ co cu hinh electron vit gon la [Ar]3d5
(3) Bt nhm t bc chay khi tip xuc vi khi clo
(4) Phen chua co cng thc Na2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O. Cac phat biu ung la
A. (1), (3), (4)
B. (2), (3), (4)
C. (1), (2), (3)
D. (1), (2), (4)
Pht biu (4) sai phn chau c CTPT: K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O.
Cu 17: Phat biu nao sau y ung ?
A. Cac kim loai: natri, bari, beri u tac dung vi nc nhit thng
B. Kim loai xeri c dung ch tao t bao quang in
C. Kim loai magie co kiu mang tinh th lp phng tm din
D. Theo chiu tng dn cua in tich hat nhn, cac kim loai kim th (t beri n bari) co nhit nong chay giam dn
Loi A v Be Khng tc dng vi nc, Loi C v Mg c tinh th lc phng, loi D v KL kim th c s bin thin nhit
khng theo qui lut v chng c kiu mng tinh th khc nhau.
Cu 18: Hoa tan hoan toan m gam ZnSO4 vao nc c dung dich X. Nu cho 110 ml dung dich KOH 2M vao X thi thu c
3a gam kt tua. Mt khac, nu cho 140 ml dung dich KOH 2M vao X thi thu c 2a gam kt tua. Gia tri cua m la
A. 32,20
B. 24,15
C. 17,71
D. 16,10
Nhn thy kt ta gim dn nn phn ng c d NaOH. Gi x s mol ZnSO4 cn tm, m = a/78 (mol).
C phn ng: ZnSO4 + 2NaOH Zn(OH)2 + Na2SO4
x
2x
x
Tan
Zn(OH)2 + 2NaOH Na2ZnO2 + 2H2O
x- 3m
2(x 3m)
Vy 2x + 2(x 3m) = 0,11*2
Tng t, trng hp 2 :
2x + 2(x-2m) = 0,14*2
Gii h x = 0,1. Vy m = 0,1*161 = 16,1 (g)
Cu 19: Cho cac loai t: bng, t capron, t xenluloz axetat, t tm, t nitron, nilon-6,6. S t tng hp la
A. 3
B. 4
C. 2
D.5
T tng hp l t capron, t nitron, nilon-6,6
Cu 20: Trong s cac phat biu sau v phenol (C6H5OH):
(1) Phenol tan it trong nc nhng tan nhiu trong dung dich HCl
(2) Phenol co tinh axit, dung dich phenol khng lam i mau quy tim

2 Ti liu luyn thi i hc nm 2010 - 2011

Gii thi H-C nm 2010

(3) Phenol dung san xut keo dan, cht dit nm mc
(4) Phenol tham gia phan ng th brom va th nitro d hn benzen
Cac phat biu ung la
A. (1), (2), (4)
B. (2), (3), (4)
C. (1), (2), (3)
D. (1), (3), (4)
Loi (1) v phenol khng tan trong nc, khng phn ng vi HCl nn khng tan trong dd HCl.
Cu 21: Co bao nhiu tripeptit (mach h) khac loai ma khi thuy phn hoan toan u thu c 3 aminoaxit: glyxin, alanin va
phenylalanin?
A. 3
B. 9
C. 4
D. 6
thy phn to ra 3 amino axit khc nhau th 3 amino axit to nn peptit phi khc nhau l :
Gli-Ala-Phe, phe-ala-gli, ala-gli-phe, phe-gli-ala, ala-phe-gli, gli-phe-ala
Cu 22: Hn hp khi X gm imetylamin va hai hirocacbon ng ng lin tip. t chay hoan toan 100 ml hn hp X bng
mt lng oxi va u, thu c 550 ml hn hp Y gm khi va hi nc. Nu cho Y i qua dung dich axit sunfuric c (d) thi
con lai 250 ml khi (cac th tich khi va hi o cung iu kin). Cng thc phn t cua hai hirocacbon la
A. C2H6 va C3H8
B. C3H6 va C4H8
C. CH4 va C2H6
D. C2H4 va C3H6
VH2O = Vgim = 350 ml . VCO2 + VN2 = Vcn li = 250 . Do Vhh = 100 ml nn VN < 50ml => 2 =
2

200
250
<C<
= 2,5 => loi B,C.
100
100

- Nu l 2 ankan th: VC2 H 2 N + VAnkan = VH 2O VCO2 +N 2 = 300 250= 50ml 100 ml => V l => D
Cu 23: Phat biu ung la
A. Khi thuy phn n cung cac protein n gian se cho hn hp cac -aminoaxit
B. Khi cho dung dich long trng trng vao Cu(OH)2 thy xut hin phc mau xanh m
C. Enzim amilaza xuc tac cho phan ng thuy phn xenluloz thanh mantoz
D. Axit nucleic la polieste cua axit photphoric va glucoz
p n A.
Cu 24: t chay hoan toan m gam hn hp 3 ancol n chc, thuc cung day ng ng, thu c 3,808 lit khi CO2 (ktc) va
5,4 gam H2O. Gia tri cua m la
A. 4,72
B. 5,42
C. 7,42
D. 5,72
nCO2 = 0,17 (mol); nH2O = 0,3 (mol) ancol no. nancol = 0,3 - 0,17 = 0,13 (mol)
Cn H 2 n +1OH n =

17
17
; m = 0,13*(14n + 18) = 0,13*(14* + 18) = 4, 72 ( g )
13
13

26
26
X, 55
Cu 25: Nhn inh nao sau y ung khi noi v 3 nguyn t : 13
26 Y, 12 Z ?
A. X, Y thuc cung mt nguyn t hoa hoc
B. X va Z co cung s khi
C. X va Y co cung s ntron
D. X, Z la 2 ng vi cua cung mt nguyn t hoa hoc
p n A.
Cu 26: Cho x mol Fe tan hoan toan trong dung dich cha y mol H2SO4 (ti l x : y = 2 : 5), thu c mt san phm kh duy
nht va dung dich chi cha mi sunfat. S mol electron do lng Fe trn nhng khi bi hoa tan la
A. 3x
B. y
C. 2x
D. 2y
Nu: H2SO4 + Fe FeSO4 + H2 . Loi ( v x = y). Nu : 6H2SO4 + 2Fe Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O. Loi ( v x : y = 3:1)
T suy ra to c hai mui Fe2+ v Fe3+. SO42- + 4H+ + 2e SO2 + 2H2O.
nSO42- lm mi trng = nSO2 = y/2 => ne cho = y (bo ton S, ban u c y mol H2SO4)
Ta c: ne cho = 2.nSO2 = y mol
Cu 27: Axeton c iu ch bng cach oxi hoa cumen nh oxi, sau o thuy phn trong dung dich H2SO4 loang. thu c
145 gam axeton thi lng cumen cn dung (gia s hiu sut qua trinh iu ch at 75%) la
A. 300 gam
B. 500 gam
C. 400 gam
D. 600 gam

S : C6H5CH(CH3)2

1, + O2

(CH3)2CO.
2, H O +
3

nxeton =

145
2,5*120*100
= 2,5 (mol ) = ncumen m =
= 400 (g )
58
75

Cu 28: Cho cac cht: NaHCO3, CO, Al(OH)3, Fe(OH)3, HF, Cl2, NH4Cl. S cht tac dung c vi dung dich NaOH loang
nhit thng la
A. 4
B. 5
C. 3
D. 6
Cc cht tc dng vi NaOH t0 thng l NaHCO3, Al(OH)3, HF, Cl2, NH4Cl.
Cu 29: Thuy phn hoan toan 0,2 mol mt este E cn dung va u 100 gam dung dich NaOH 24%, thu c mt ancol va 43,6
gam hn hp mui cua hai axit cacboxylic n chc. Hai axit o la
A. HCOOH va CH3COOH B. CH3COOH va C2H5COOH
C. C2H5COOH va C3H7COOH
D. HCOOH va C2H5COOH
nNaOH
= 3 . Nn E l trieste ( RCOO )3 R '+ 3 NaOH 3RCOONa + R '(OH ) 3
nNaOH = 0,6 (mol).
neste
43, 6
RCOONa =
= 72, 67 R = 5, 67 . 1 cht l HCOOH s mol 0,4 loi B, C.
0, 6
0,4*68 + 0,2*M = 43,6 . M = 82 CH3COONa vy 2 cht HCOOH va CH3COOH
Cu 30: Cac nguyn t t Li n F, theo chiu tng cua in tich hat nhn thi
A. Ban kinh nguyn t va m in u tng
B. Ban kinh nguyn t tng, m in giam
C. Ban kinh nguyn t giam, m in tng
D. Ban kinh nguyn t va m in u giam
T Li n F (cng chu k ) nn ban kinh nguyn t giam, m in tng
Cu 31: Cho 0,15 mol H2NC3H5(COOH)2 (axit glutamic) vo 175 ml dung dch HCl 2M, thu c dung dch X. Cho NaOH
d vo dung dch X. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, s mol NaOH phn ng l
A. 0,50.
B. 0,65.
C. 0,70.
D. 0,55.

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Gii thi H-C nm 2010

H2NC3H5(COOH)2 + HCl ClH3NC3H5(COOH)2.
0,15
0,15
0,15
HCl d 0,175*2 0,15 = 0,2 (mol)
ClH3NC3H5(COOH)2 + 3NaOH H2NC3H5(COONa)2 + NaCl + 3H2O ;
HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O
0,15 ---------------- 0,45
0,2 0,2
Vy nNaOH = 0,65 (mol)
Cu 32: Cho 7,1 gam hn hp gm mt kim loi kim X v mt kim loi kim th Y tc dng ht vi lng d dung dch
HCl long, thu c 5,6 lt kh (ktc). Kim loi X, Y l
A. natri v magie.
B. liti v beri.
C. kali v canxi.
D. kali v bari.
M

n+

ne M (1 < n < 2);

7,1 7,1

n
M
M

2 H + + 2e H2 .
0,5 0, 25.

M=

7,1
n .V 14, 2 < M < 28, 4. KL l Na ; Mg
0,5

Cu 33: Ha tan hon ton 8,94 gam hn hp gm Na, K v Ba vo nc, thu c dung dch X v 2,688 lt kh H2 (ktc).
Dung dch Y gm HCl v H2SO4, t l mol tng ng l 4 : 1. Trung ha dung dch X bi dung dch Y, tng khi lng cc
mui c to ra l
A. 13,70 gam.
B. 18,46 gam.
C. 12,78 gam.
D. 14,62 gam.
Ta c: H2O OH- + H2. nOH- = 0,24 (mol). HCl (4x mol) H2SO4 (x mol) th nCl- = 4x ; nSO4 = x; nH+ = 6x = 0,24
x = 0,04. mmui = mKL + mCl- + mSO4 = 8,94 + 4*0,04*35,5 + 0,04*96 = 18,46 (g)
dung dich Br2
O2 , xt
NaOH
CH 3OH ,t 0 , xt
CuO ,t 0
Cu 34: Cho s chuyn ha: C3H6
X
Y
T
Z
E (Este a
chc). Tn gi ca Y l
A. propan-1,3-iol.
B. propan-1,2-iol.
C. propan-2-ol.
D. glixerol.
V E l este a chc nn T phi l axit a chc vy C3H6 l xiclopropan, cht cn tm l propan-1,3-iol.
Cu 35: Cho 4 dung dch: H2SO4 long, AgNO3, CuSO4, AgF. Cht khng tc dng c vi c 4 dung dch trn l
A. KOH.
B. BaCl2.
C. NH3.
D. NaNO3.
Ch c NaNO3 khng phn ng vi dy cc cht trn.
Cu 36: Phn ng in phn dung dch CuCl2 (vi in cc tr) v phn ng n mn in ha xy ra khi nhng hp kim ZnCu vo dung dch HCl c c im l:
A. Phn ng xy ra lun km theo s pht sinh dng in.
B. u sinh ra Cu cc m.
C. Phn ng cc m c s tham gia ca kim loi hoc ion kim loi
D. Phn ng cc dng u l s oxi ha Cl-.
+ Loi tr A v in phn tiu th dng in.
+ B sai v cc m Zn kim loi Zn b n mn
Cu 37: Anken X hp nc to thnh 3-etylpentan-3-ol. Tn ca X l
A. 3-etylpent-3-en.
B. 2-etylpent-2-en.
C. 3-etylpent-2-en.
D. 3-etylpent-1-en.
0
H
SO
,170
C
2
4
CH3-CH2-C(OH) CH2-CH3

CH3-CH=C-CH2-CH3 + H2O
CH3-CH2
CH3-CH2 (3-etylpent-2en)
+ HCl
+
H
du
( Ni ,t 0 )
+ NaOH du ,t 0
2
Cu 38: Cho s chuyn ha: Triolein
Z. Tn ca Z l
X
Y
A. axit linoleic.
B. axit oleic.
C. axit panmitic.
D. axit stearic.
0
+
H
du
(
Ni
,
t
)
+ NaOH du ,t 0
2
+ S vit li: Triolein [(C17H33COO)3C3H5 ]
[(C17H35COO)3C3H5 (X )
C17H33COONa (Y)
+ HCl

C17H33COOH axit stearic( Z).

Cu 39: Pht biu khng ng l:

A. Hiro sunfua b oxi ha bi nc clo nhit thng.
B. Kim cng, than ch, fuleren l cc dng th hnh ca cacbon.
C. Tt c cc nguyn t halogen u c cc s oxi ha: -1, +1, +3, +5 v +7 trong cc hp cht.
D. Trong cng nghip, photpho c sn xut bng cch nung hn hp qung photphorit, ct v than cc 12000C trong
l in.
Cc halogen c s oxi ha -1,+1,+3,+5,+7 trong hp cht. Tr F phi kim mnh nht lun c s oxi ha -1 trong hp cht.
Cu 40: t chy hon ton mt este n chc, mch h X (phn t c s lin kt nh hn 3), thu c th tch kh CO2
bng 6/7 th tch kh O2 phn ng (cc th tch kh o cng iu kin). Cho m gam X tc dng hon ton vi 200 ml dung
dch KOH 0,7M thu c dung dch Y. C cn Y thu c 12,88 gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 7,20.
B. 6,66.
C. 8,88.
D. 10,56.
Gi a l s lin kt trong gc hidrocacbon. Do s lin kt trong X < 3 nn a < 2.

Cn H 2 n 2 aO2 + (

3n a 2
6 3n a 2
6a+ 12
)O 2 nCO 2 + (n a )H 2O. *(
)= n. 18n 6a 12= 14n n=
2
7
2
4

Ch c a = 0 ; n = 3 tha mn , CTPT C3H6O2 c 2 CTCT( HCOOC2H5 v CH3COOCH3 ).

Th KOH (0,14 mol) phn ng ht khi lng mui khng tha mn. Nn KOH d:
C3H6O2 + KOH RCOOH + ROH ( R l CH3 hoc C2H5OH), x l s mol ese( x < 0,14 ).
p dng LBTKL: meste + mKOH = m Rn + mROH 74x + 0,2*0,7 * 56 = 12,88 + (R + 17)x.
R '( CH3 ) = 15 x = 0,12
57 x R ' x = 5, 04
. Vy m = 0,12*74 = 8,88 (g)
R '( C2 H5 ) = 29 x = 0,18 ( sai)
II. PHN RING (10 cu) - Th sinh ch c lm mt trong hai phn (phn A hoc B)
A. Theo chng trnh Chun (10 cu, t cu 41 n cu 50)
Cu 41: Cht c dng ty trng giy v bt giy trong cng nghip l
A. CO2.
B. SO2.
C. N2O.
D. NO2.
SO2 c tnh ty mu c ng dng lm cht ty mu trong cng nghip giy vi.

4 Ti liu luyn thi i hc nm 2010 - 2011

Gii thi H-C nm 2010

Cu 42: Hn hp X gm 1 mol aminoaxit no, mch h v 1 mol amin no, mch h. X c kh nng phn ng ti a vi 2 mol
HCl hoc 2 mol NaOH. t chy hon ton X thu c 6 mol CO2, x mol H2O v y mol N2. Cc gi tr x, y tng ng l
A. 8 v 1,0.
B. 8 v 1,5.
C. 7 v 1,0.
D. 7 v 1,5.
S nhm NH2 = nHCl/nX = 2/2 = 1. Vy amin n chc, aminoaxit c mt nhm NH2 .
S nhm COOH ca amino axit = nNaOH/1 = 2/1 = 2. Vy aminoaxit c hai nhm COOH.
nCO2 6
= = 3 ; Ta dng n =3 cho c amin v aminoaxit gii ton.
CTPT TB ca 2 cht l Cn H y Oz N t . n =
nhh
2

a min oaxit : NH 2CH (COOH )2 3CO2 + 2,5H2 O + 0,5 N2 ; a min : C3 H7 NH2 3CO2 + 4,5H2 O+ 0,5 N2

1 3 2, 5 0,5
1 3 4, 5 0,5

x = 2,5 + 4,5 = 7;
y = 0,5 + 0,5 = 1,0
Cu 43: T 180 gam glucoz, bng phng php ln men ru, thu c a gam ancol etylic (hiu sut 80%). Oxi ha 0,1a gam
ancol etylic bng phng php ln men gim, thu c hn hp X. trung ha hn hp X cn 720 ml dung dch NaOH
0,2M. Hiu sut qu trnh ln men gim l
A. 80%.
B. 10%.
C. 90%.
D. 20%.
Vi 0,1a gam: nglucoz = 0,1(mol); nNaOH =0, 144 (mol). C6H12O6 2C2H5OH 2CH3COOH + 2NaOH ( a l H% cn tm)
0, 1mol 0,8* 0,2mol ---------- 0,8*a*0,2
0,8*2*a = 0,144 a = 0,9 hay H% = 90(%)
Cu 44: Cc cht va tc dng c vi dung dch HCl va tc dng c vi dung dch AgNO3 l:
A. CuO, Al, Mg.
B. Zn, Cu, Fe.
C. MgO, Na, Ba.
D. Zn, Ni, Sn.
Tc dng vi AgNO3 th l kim loi, loi A, C v CuO, MgO.Tc dng vi HCl nn KL trc H loi B v Cu sau H.
Cu 45: Trong phn ng: K2Cr2O7 + HCl CrCl3 + Cl2 + KCl + H2O
S phn t HCl ng vai tr cht kh bng k ln tng s phn t HCl tham gia phn ng. Gi tr ca k l
A. 4/7.
B. 1/7.
C. 3/14.
D. 3/7.
Phn ng: K2Cr2O7 + 14HCl 2CrCl3 + 3Cl2 + 2KCl + 7H2O. Tng nHCl = 14
nHCl ng vai tr cht kh l 3Cl2 6HCl . Vy k = 6/14 = 3/7.
Cu 46: Nh t t tng git n ht 30 ml dung dch HCl 1M vo 100 ml dung dch cha Na2CO3 0,2M v NaHCO3 0,2M, sau
phn ng thu c s mol CO2 l
A. 0,030.
B. 0,010.
C. 0,020.
D. 0,015.
H+ + CO32- HCO3- .
HCO3- + H+ H2O + CO2 .
0,03 0,02 0,02 . d H+ = 0,01 mol
0,01 --------- 0,01
Cu 47: Cho m gam hn hp etanal v propanal phn ng hon ton vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c 43,2
gam kt ta v dung dch cha 17,5 gam mui amoni ca hai axit hu c. Gi tr ca m l
A. 10,9.
B. 14,3.
C. 10,2.
D. 9,5.
nAg =0,4 (mol) P: R CHO + 2 AgNO3 + 3 NH3 + H2 O R COONH4 +2 Ag +2 NH4 NO3
LBTKL: m = mmui amoni + mAg + mNH4NO3 mH2O mNH3 mAgNO3.
= 17,5 + 43,2 + 0,4*80 - 0,2*18 - 0,6*17 0,4*170 = 10,9 (g)
Cu 48: Hn hp gm 0,1 mol mt axit cacboxylic n chc v 0,1 mol mui ca axit vi kim loi km c tng khi lng l
15,8 gam. Tn ca axit trn l
A. axit propanoic.
B. axit metanoic.
C. axit etanoic.
D. axit butanoic.
Axit RCOOH, mui RCOOM: 0,1(R+45) + 0,1(R + M + 44) = 15,8 0,2R + 0,1M = 6,9.
R = 1 M = 67 (loi); R = 15 M = 39 (K); R = 29 M = 11(loi) . Vy axit l CH3COOH (axit etanoic)
Cu 49: t chy hon ton mt lng hirocacbon X. Hp th ton b sn phm chy vo dung dch Ba(OH) 2 (d) to ra
29,55 gam kt ta, dung dch sau phn ng c khi lng gim 19,35 gam so vi dung dch Ba(OH)2 ban u. Cng thc phn
t ca X l
A. C3H4.
B. C2H6.
C. C3H6.
D. C3H8.
nCO2 = n= 0,15 (mol). mGim = mta - (mCO2 + m H2O ) mH2O = mta mCO2 - mgim = 29,55 0,15*44 19,35 = 3,6(g).
nH2O = 0,2 (mol) > nCO2 ankan. CnH2n+2 vi n = nCO2/nX = 0,15/(0,2-0,15) = 3. CTPT C3H8.
Cu 50: in phn (vi in cc tr) mt dung dch gm NaCl v CuSO4 c cng s mol, n khi catot xut hin bt kh th
dng in phn. Trong c qu trnh in phn trn, sn phm thu c anot l
A. kh Cl2 v O2.
B. kh H2 v O2.
C. ch c kh Cl2.
D. kh Cl2 v H2.
dpdd
dpdd
PT in phn: 2NaCl + CuSO4
Na2SO4 + Cu + Cl2. CuSO4 (d) + H2O
Cu + H2SO4 + 1/2O2.
Vy 2 kh l Cl2 v O2.
B. Theo chng trnh Nng cao (10 cu, t cu 51 n cu 60)
Cu 51: Trong cc polime sau: (1) poli(metyl metacrylat); (2) polistiren; (3) nilon-7; (4) poli(etylen-terephtalat); (5) nilon-6,6;
(6) poli (vinyl axetat), cc polime l sn phm ca phn ng trng ngng l:
A. (1), (3), (6).
B. (3), (4), (5).
C. (1), (2), (3).
D. (1), (3), (5).
C (3) nilon-7; (4) poli(etylen-terephtalat); (5) nilon-6,6 l cc polime ca phn ng trng ngng
nNH2-(CH2)6-COOH nH2O + [-NH-(CH2)6-CO-]n (nilon -7);
nHO-CH2-CH2OH + nHOOC-C6H4-COOH 2 nH2O + [-O-CH2-CH2OOC-C6H4-CO-]n (poli(etylen-terephtalat) hay t lapsan)
nNH2-(CH2)6-NH2 + nHOOC-(CH2)4-COOH 2nH2O + [-NH-(CH2)6-NHCO-(CH2)4-CO-]n (nilon -6,6)
Cu 52: in phn (in cc tr) dung dch X cha 0,2 mol CuSO4 v 0,12 mol NaCl bng dng in c cng 2A. Th tch
kh (ktc) thot ra anot sau 9650 giy in phn l
A. 2,240 lt.
B. 2,912 lt.
C. 1,792 lt.
D. 1,344 lt.

5 Ti liu luyn thi i hc nm 2010 - 2011

Gii thi H-C nm 2010

p dng nh lut Faraday mCu =

64*2*9650
= 6, 4.(g ) nCu = 0,1(mol )
2*96500

dpdd
dpdd
2NaCl + CuSO4
CuSO4 (d) + H2O
Na2SO4 + Cu + Cl2.
Cu + H2SO4 + 1/2O2.
0,12----0,06 ------------------------ 0,06 0,06 lng Cu cn li do
0,04 ---- 0,02
Vy V kh = (0,06 +0,02)*22,4 = 1,972 (lt)
Cu 53: Cho 0,448 lt kh NH3 (ktc) i qua ng s ng 16 gam CuO nung nng, thu c cht rn X (gi s phn ng xy ra
hon ton). Phn trm khi lng ca Cu trong X l
A. 12,37%.
B. 87,63%.
C. 14,12%.
D. 85,88%.
dpdd
nNH3 = 0,02 (mol) ; nCuO = 0,2 (mol). 3CuO + 2NH3
N
+
3Cu
+
3H
O.
2
2
0,03 0,02 ---------------------0,03

%Cu =

64*0, 03
*100 = 12,37(%).
64*0,03 + 80(0, 2 0, 03)

Cu 54: t chy hon ton V lt hi mt amin X bng mt lng oxi va to ra 8V lt hn hp gm kh cacbonic, kh nit
v hi nc (cc th tch kh v hi u o cng iu kin). Amin X tc dng vi axit nitr nhit thng, gii phng kh
nit. Cht X l
A. CH2=CH-NH-CH3.
B. CH3-CH2-NH-CH3.
C. CH3-CH2-CH2-NH2.
D. CH2=CH-CH2-NH2.
Khi tc dng vi HNO2 to kh N2 nn X l amin bc I. Loi A,B.
Th vi 1 p n C. C3H7NH2 3CO2 + 4,5H2O + 0,5 N2 V kh = 3 + 4,5 + 0,5 = 8 (ng)
Cu 55: Hiro ha cht hu c X thu c (CH3)2CHCH(OH)CH3. Cht X c tn thay th l
A. metyl isopropyl xetol.
B. 3-metylbutan-2-on.
C. 3-metylbutan-2-ol.
D. 2-metylbutan-3-on.
X cng H nn khng no, loi A,C. Chn D.
Cu 56: Trong s cc ngun nng lng: (1) thy in, (2) gi, (3) mt tri, (4) ha thch; nhng ngun nng lng sch l:
A. (1), (3), (4).
B. (2), (3), (4).
C. (1), (2), (4).
D. (1), (2), (3).
Nng lng Ha thch (ch yu l than , du m) gy nhim mi trng v nhiu vn khc( loi)
Cu 57: Cho hn hp X gm ancol metylic v hai axit cacboxylic (no, n chc, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng) tc dng
ht vi Na, gii phng ra 6,72 lt kh H2 (ktc). Nu un nng hn hp X (c H2SO4 c lm xc tc) th cc cht trong hn hp
phn ng va vi nhau to thnh 25 gam hn hp este (gi thit phn ng este ha t hiu sut 100%). Hai axit trong hn
hp X l
A. HCOOH v CH3COOH.
B. CH3COOH v C2H5COOH.
C. C2H5COOH v C3H7COOH.
D. C2H7COOH v C4H9COOH.
Nhh = 2nH2 = 0,6 (mol). Do axit tc dng vi CH3OH nn n 2 axit = n CH3OH. = 0,3 (mol).

R COOH + CH3 OH R COOCH3 + H2 O. M R COOCH 3 = 25/0,3 = 83,33 R = 24,33 (CH3- v C2H5-)

Vy 2 axit l CH3COOH v C2H5COOH.
Cu 58: Cho m gam hn hp bt X gm ba kim loi Zn, Cr, Sn c s mol bng nhau tc dng ht vi lng d dung dch HCl
long, nng thu c dung dch Y v kh H2. C cn dung dch Y thu c 8,98 gam mui khan. Nu cho m gam hn hp X tc
dng hon ton vi O2 (d) to hn hp 3 oxit th th tch kh O2 (ktc) phn ng l
A. 2,016 lt.
B. 0,672 lt.
C. 1,344 lt.
D. 1,008 lt.
3 kim loi vi HCl long nng u b oxi ha thnh s oxi ha +2. Cn khi tc dng O2, Zn to +2, Cr to +3, Sn to +4.
65 + 52 + 119
+ 71) = 8,98 => a = 0, 02 .
3
2.0,02 + 3.0, 02 + 4.0, 02
=
= 0, 045(mol )<=> 1, 008(lit ) =>B.
4

- Gi s mol mi kim loi l a (mol) th: mMCl = 3a.(

2

- Bo ton (e) cho qu trnh tc dng O2: nO

Cu 59: Tch nc hn hp gm ancol etylic v ancol Y ch to ra 2 anken. t chy cng s mol mi ancol th lng nc
sinh ra t ancol ny bng 5/3 ln lng nc sinh ra t ancol kia. Ancol Y l
A. CH3-CH2-CH(OH)-CH3.
B. CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-OH.
C. CH3-CH2-CH2-OH.
D. CH3-CH(OH)-CH3.
C2H5OH 3 H2O nn H2O do ancol Y to ra l 5 mol c 10H vy ancol l C4H10O, loi C, D.
Do tch nc ch to 1 anken nn Y l ancol bc 1 (u mch) . Chn B.
Cu 60: Xt cn bng: N2O4 (k) 2NO2 (k) 250C. Khi chuyn dch sang mt trng thi cn bng mi nu nng ca
N2O4 tng ln 9 ln th nng ca NO2
A. tng 9 ln.
B. tng 3 ln.
C. tng 4,5 ln.
D. gim 3 ln.
[ NO2 ]2
KC =
=> [ NO2 ] = KC .[N 2O4 ] = a . Khi [N2O4] tng 9 ln th [ NO2 ] = K C .9.[ N 2 O4 ] =3a => B.
[ N 2O4 ]

6 Ti liu luyn thi i hc nm 2010 - 2011