You are on page 1of 11

Gii thi H-C nm 2010

1 Ti liu luyn thi i hc nm 2010 - 2011


KHI B 2010 M 174.
Cho bit nguyn t khi (theo vC) ca cc nguyn t :
H = 1, Be =9, C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; P = 31, S = 32; Cl = 35,5;
K = 39; Ca = 40; Cr = 52, Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Zn = 65; Br = 80; Sr = 88, Ag=108; Ba = 137, Pb=207.

I. PHN CHUNG CHO TT C TH SINH (40 cu, t cu 1 n cu 40)
Cu 1 : Hp cht hu c mch h X c cng thc phn t C
6
H
10
O
4
. Thy phn X to ra hai ancol n chc c
s nguyn t cacbon trong phn t gp i nhau. Cng thc ca X l
A. CH
3
OCO-CH
2
-COOC
2
H
5
. B. C
2
H
5
OCO-COOCH
3
.
C. CH
3
OCO-COOC
3
H
7
. D. CH
3
OCO-CH
2
-CH
2
-COOC
2
H
5
.
Bi gii: R-OCO-R-COO-R: Sau khi thy phn th c 2 ancol c s n.t cacbon gp i nhau nn loi
C ( - CH
3
; -C
3
H
7
: 1:3); Do tng c 6 C nn loi B (5n.t C), loi D ( 7 n.t C). A l ph hp.
Cu 2: Nung 2,23 gam hn hp X gm cc kim loi Fe, Al, Zn, Mg trong oxi, sau mt thi gian thu c 2,71
gam hn hp Y. Ha tan hon ton Y vo dung dch HNO
3
(d), thu c 0,672 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy
nht, ktc). S mol HNO
3
phn ng l
A. 0,12 . B. 0,14. C. 0,16. D. 0,18.
Bi gii:
2 3
2,71(g) 2,71(g) 0,672
2,23(g) x(mol) 0,672 (l) 0,03( )
22,4
Fe, Al, Zn, Mg O hh ; hh HNO muoi NO
mol =
+ + +
Bo ton khi lng :
0, 48
2, 71 2, 23 0, 48( ) 0, 03( )
16
O hh kl O
m m m g n mol = = = = =
Ta c bo ton nguyn t N:
3 3 3
HNO HNO (pu O trong oxit) HNO (pu oxi hoa - khu) NO
n =n n n + +
Mt khc:
3 3
+2
+3e +5
HNO (pu O trong oxit) O 2 HNO (pu oxi hoa - khu) NO
n 2n ( cho H O); n 3.n ( Do N NO) = =
3
HNO O (oxit) NO NO O (oxit) NO
n = 2n + 3n + n 2n + 4n = = =2. 0,03 + 4. 0,03 = 0,18 mol
Cu 3: Hn hp X gm axit panmitic, axit stearic v axit linoleic. trung ha m gam X cn 40 ml dung dch
NaOH 1M. Mt khc, nu t chy hon ton m gam X th thu c 15,232 lt kh CO
2
(ktc) v 11,7 gam
H
2
O. S mol ca axit linoleic trong m gam hn hp X l
A. 0,015. B. 0,010. C. 0,020. D. 0,005.
Bi gii:
axit NaOH
n n 0, 04.1 0, 04( ) mol = = = : khng cn s dng; pp phn tch sn phm chy
Ta c: axit panmitic, axit stearic no n chc nn khi chy to
2 2
H O CO
n = n cn axit linoleic khng no c 2
lin kt i trong gc HC v n chc nn khi chy cho: 2n
axit
=
2 2
CO H O
n n
n
axit linoleic
=
15,232 11, 7
(0,68 - 0,65)
22,4 18
=
2 2

= = 0,015 mol
Cu 4: Phng php loi b tp cht HCl c ln trong kh H
2
S l: Cho hn hp kh li t t qua mt lng
d dung dch
A. Pb(NO
3
)
2
. B. NaHS. C. AgNO
3
. D. NaOH.
Bi gii: Dng NaHS. V cc cht cn li u tc dng vi H
2
S:
NaHS + HCl NaCl + H
2
S |.
Cu 5: Pht biu no sau y khng ng khi so snh tnh cht ha hc ca nhm v crom?
A. Nhm v crom u b th ng ha trong dung dch H
2
SO
4
c ngui.
B. Nhm c tnh kh mnh hn crom.
C. Nhm v crom u phn ng vi dung dch HCl theo cng t l v s mol.
D. Nhm v crom u bn trong khng kh v trong nc.
Bi gii: Al tc dng vi HCl to AlCl
3
cn Cr tc dng vi HCl to CrCl
2
.
Cu 6: Hai hp cht hu c X v Y c cng CTPT l C
3
H
7
NO
2
, u l cht rn iu kin thng. Cht X
phn ng vi dd NaOH, gii phng kh. Cht Y c phn ng trng ngng. Cc cht X v Y ln lt l
A. vinylamoni fomat v amoni acrylat.
B. amoni acrylat v axit 2-aminopropionic.
C. axit 2-aminopropionic v amoni acrylat.
D. axit 2-aminopropionic v axit 3-aminopropionic.
Bi gii:
2 4 3 2
xt, t
3 2 3 2
CH =CH-COONH + NaOH ... NH + H O) ;
n CH -CH(NH )-COOH n -NH-CH(CH )-CO- +nH O
+


Gii thi H-C nm 2010
2 Ti liu luyn thi i hc nm 2010 - 2011
Cu 7: Kh hon ton m gam oxit M
x
O
y
cn va 17,92 lt kh CO (ktc), thu c a gam kim loi M. Ha
tan ht a gam M bng dung dch H
2
SO
4
c nng (d), thu c 20,16 lt kh SO
2
(sn phm kh duy nht,
ktc). Oxit M
x
O
y
l
A. Cr
2
O
3
. B. FeO. C. Fe
3
O
4
. D. CrO.
Bi gii:
Cch 1: Gi s M M
x +
M
+m
. (+x l s oxi ha ca M trong oxit, +m l s oxi ha ca M trong
mui sunfat).
Ta c: n
electron ion kim loi trong oxit nhn
= 2n
CO
= 1,6 mol (khi tc dng vi CO)
n
electron kim loi nhng
= 2n
SO2
= 1,8 mol (khi tc dng vi H
2
SO
4
c nng)

m
x
=
9
8
. Theo p n th m = 3
8
3
x = tha mn p n C.
Cch 2:
o
t
x y 2
nx (mol)
17,92 ny=0,8 (mol)
n (mol)
ny = = 0,8 (mol)
22,4
M O + yCO xM + yCO .
Theo bi ra (p n) khi p vi H
2
SO
4
th u cho ha tr III:
+6 +4
o +3
2 4 2 4 3 2 2
nx (mol)
20,16
0,9( )
22,4
M + H SO M (SO ) + SO +H O
mol =

Theo bo ton electron:
2
SO 3 4
nx 0, 6 3
3.nx = 2.n 3.nx = 2.0,9 n.x=0,6
ny 0, 8 4
x
Fe O
y
= =
Cu 8: Cho dung dch Ba(HCO
3
)
2
ln lt vo cc dung dch: CaCl
2
, Ca(NO
3
)
2
, NaOH, Na
2
CO
3
, KHSO
4
,
Na
2
SO
4
, Ca(OH)
2
, H
2
SO
4
, HCl. S trng hp c to ra kt ta l
A. 4. B. 7. C. 5. D. 6.
Bi gii:
Ba(HCO
3
)
2
+ 2NaOH BaCO
3
+ +Na
2
CO
3
+2H
2
O.
Ba(HCO
3
)
2
+ Na
2
CO
3
BaCO
3
+ + 2NaHCO
3
.
Ba(HCO
3
)
2
+ 2KHSO
4
BaSO
4
+ +K
2
SO
4
+2H
2
O +CO
2
|.
Ba(HCO
3
)
2
+ Na
2
SO
4
BaSO
4
++ 2NaHCO
3
.
Ba(HCO
3
)
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
BaCO
3
+ +CaCO
3
+ + 2H
2
O.
Ba(HCO
3
)
2
+ H
2
SO
4
BaSO
4
+ + 2H
2
O +CO
2
|.
Cu 9: ipeptit mch h X v tripeptit mch h Y u c to nn t mt aminoaxit (no, mch h, trong
phn t cha mt nhm NH
2
v mt nhm COOH). t chy hon ton 0,1 mol Y, thu c tng khi lng
CO
2
v H
2
O bng 54,9 gam. t chy hon ton 0,2 mol X, sn phm thu c cho li t t qua nc vi trong
d, to ra m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 120. B. 60. C. 30. D. 45.
Bi gii: Gi CT ca amino axit l: C
n
H
2n+1
NO
2

CT ca X (ipeptit: 2 phn t amino axit mt 1 phn t H
2
O) l: C
2n
H
4n
N
2
O
3

CT ca Y (Tripeptit: 3 phn t amino axit mt 2 phn t H
2
O)l: C
3n
H
6n-1
N
3
O
4
C
3n
H
6n-1
N
3
O
4

+
2
O
3nCO
2
+ (3n -1/2)H
2
O + 1,5N
2

0,1 0,3n (3n-1/2).0,1
0,3n.44 + (3n-0,5).0,1.18 = 54,9 n = 3.
Vy khi t chy: C
2n
H
4n
N
2
O
3

+
2
O
2nCO
2

0,2 mol 0,2.2.3 =1,2 mol = s mol CaCO
3
.

3
CaCO
m = 1,2 .100 = 120 gam
Cu 10: Hn hp Z gm hai axit cacboxylic n chc X v Y (M
X
> M
Y
) c tng khi lng l 8,2 gam. Cho
Z tc dng va vi dd NaOH, thu c dd cha 11,5 gam mui. Mt khc, nu cho Z tc dng vi mt
lng d dd AgNO
3
trong NH
3
, thu c 21,6 gam Ag. CT v % khi lng ca X trong Z l
A. C
3
H
5
COOH v 54,88%. B. C
2
H
3
COOH v 43,90%.
C. C
2
H
5
COOH v 56,10%. D. HCOOH v 45,12%.
Bi gii: PP tng gim khi lng:
1 mol axit phn ng vi NaOH th khi lng tng 22 gam
x : 11,5 -8,2
11, 5 8, 2
0,15( )
22
x mol

= =
V axit tham gia p trng gng nn phi c HCOOH ( Y) v M
Y
<M
X
.
Gii thi H-C nm 2010
3 Ti liu luyn thi i hc nm 2010 - 2011

HCOOH Ag
1 1.21,6
n = n = = 0,1 mol
2 2.108
0,1.46 +(0,15-0,1)(R + 45) = 8,2 R = 27 (C
2
H
3
). Vy axit
X: C
2
H
3
COOH ( 43,90%)
Cu 11: Cc cht m phn t khng phn cc l:
A. HBr, CO
2
, CH
4
. B. Cl
2
, CO
2
, C
2
H
2
.
C. NH
3
, Br
2
, C
2
H
4
. D. HCl, C
2
H
2
, Br
2
.
Bi gii:Cl
2
( 0 = A_ ), CO
2
v C
2
H
2
c lai ha sp ( O =C = O ; HCCH: gc lin kt 180
o
)
Cu 12: Mt ion M
3+
c tng s ht proton, ntron, electron l 79, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht
khng mang in l 19. Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t M l
A. [Ar]3d
5
4s
1
. B. [Ar]3d
6
4s
2
. C. [Ar]3d
6
4s
1
. D. [Ar]3d
3
4s
2
.
Bi gii:
Tng s ht c bn ca M
3+
l 79: p + e + n -3 =79 2p+n = 82 (1)
S ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 19: p + e - n -3 =19 2p-n = 22 (2)
Gii (1), (2) p =26: [Ar]3d
6
4s
2
.
Cu 13: Hn hp kh X gm mt ankan v mt anken. T khi ca X so vi H
2
bng 11,25. t chy hon ton
4,48 lt X, thu c 6,72 lt CO
2
(cc th tch kh o ktc). Cng thc ca ankan v anken ln lt l
A. CH
4
v C
2
H
4
. B. C
2
H
6
v C
2
H
4
. C. CH
4
v C
3
H
6
. D. CH
4
v C
4
H
8
.
Bi gii:
2 2
x CO
4, 48 6, 72
M . 11, 25.2 22, 5( ) ; n 0, 2( ) ; n 0, 3( )
22, 4 22, 4
x
H
d M g mol mol = = = = = = =
Cch 1: V M 22, 5( ) x g = (Phi c gi tr ln hn v gi tr nh hn) Nn ankan l CH
4
.
2
H X C
0,9
m = m - m =0,2.22,5 -0,3.12 = 0,9 (gam) n = =0,45 mol
2
H O

4 2 2
4
CH H CO anken
anken x CH anken
n 2n 3 6
n = n - n =0,45 - 0,3 = 0,15 mol n = 0,2 - 0,15 = 0,05 mol ;
2,1
m = m - m =4,5-0,15.16=2,1 = 42.
0,05
CTPT anken: C H (n 2) 14.n=42 n = 3 (C H ).
O
M

=
>

Cch 2:
2 2 2 4
x y
0,2.x 0,3
0,2 (mol)
y
C H + O xCO + H O x 1, 5 :
2
ankan CH
=
= ( loi B)
2
H X C
0,9 y
m = m - m =0,2.22,5 -0,3.12 = 0,9 (gam) n = =0,45 mol 0, 2. 0, 45 4, 5
2 2
H O
y = =
(loi A, D)
Cu 14: Pht biu no sau y khng ng?
A. Trong cc dd: HCl, H
2
SO
4
, H
2
S c cng nng 0,01M, dd H
2
S c pH ln nht.
B. Nh dd NH
3
t t ti d vo dd CuSO
4
, thu c kt ta xanh.
C. dd Na
2
CO
3
lm phenolphtalein khng mu chuyn sang mu hng.
D. Nh dd NH
3
t t ti d vo dd AlCl
3
, thu c kt ta trng.
Bi gii: Kt ta xanh sau tan to dung dch mu xanh lam thm khi NH
3
d (to phc)
Cu 15: Dy gm cc cht u tc dng vi H
2
(xc tc Ni, t
0
) to ra sn phm c kh nng phn ng vi Na
l:
A. C
2
H
3
CH
2
OH, CH
3
COCH
3
, C
2
H
3
COOH. B. C
2
H
3
CHO, CH
3
COOC
2
H
3
, C
6
H
5
COOH.
C. C
2
H
3
CH
2
OH, CH
3
CHO, CH
3
COOH. D. CH
3
OC
2
H
5
, CH
3
CHO, C
2
H
3
COOH.
Bi gii:
Tc dng c vi H
2
(c lin kt bi); sn phm p tc dng c vi Na ( - OH; -COOH) (A)
Cu 16: Mt loi phn supephotphat kp c cha 69,62% mui canxi ihirophotphat, cn li gm cc cht
khng cha photpho. dinh dng ca loi phn ln ny l
A. 48,52%. B. 42,25%. C. 39,76%. D. 45,75%.
Bi gii: Gi s c 100 gam phn supephotphat kp c: Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2
P
2
O
5

234 gam 142 gam
69,62 gam 42,25 gam
Cu 17: Cho 13,74 gam 2,4,6-trinitrophenol vo bnh kn ri nung nng nhit cao. Sau khi phn ng xy
ra hon ton, thu c x mol hn hp kh gm: CO
2
, CO, N
2
v H
2
. Gi tr ca x l
A. 0,60. B. 0,36. C. 0,54. D. 0,45.
Gii thi H-C nm 2010
4 Ti liu luyn thi i hc nm 2010 - 2011
Bi gii: Bo ton nguyn t

6 3 3 7 2 2 2
y
x
13,74
0,06( ) 3 3
0,06. 0,09 0,06. 0,09 229
2 2
x+y=6.0,06 x=0,06
3 3
C H N O CO + CO + N + H ;
2x+y=7.0,06 y=0,3 2 2
= 0,06+0,3+0,09+0,09=0,54 mol
mol
n
=
= =






Cu 18: Hn hp X gm 1 ancol v 2 sn phm hp nc ca propen. T khi hi ca X so vi hiro bng 23.
Cho m gam X i qua ng s ng CuO (d) nung nng. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn
hp Y gm 3 cht hu c v hi nc, khi lng ng s gim 3,2 gam. Cho Y tc dng hon ton vi lng
d dd AgNO
3
trong NH
3
, to ra 48,6 gam Ag. Phn trm khi lng ca propan-1-ol trong X l
A. 65,2%. B. 16,3%. C. 48,9%. D. 83,7%.
Bi gii:
M
X
= 46 2 anol CH
3
OH v 2 sn phm hp nc ca propen (C
3
H
7
OH :c 2 ng phn; M = 60)
32 60 46 =14

46

60 46 32 =14
T l s mol l 1: 1

Gi s mol: propan-1-ol (x mol)
propan-2-ol (y mol)
CH
3
OH : (x+y) mol
Theo tng gim khi lng:
1 mol ancol tham gia p vi CuO th khi lng CuO gim 16 gam ( ca O)
a 3,2
3, 2.1
0, 2( )
16
a mol = =
3ancol
Ta c: n = 0,2 mol
o o o
CuO , t CuO , t CuO , t
2 5 3
( )
x y (x+y)
propan-1-ol ; propan-2-ol ; CH OH
x y
x
C H CHO Xeton HCHO
+


3 3
AgNO /NH
(x+y)
4.(x+y)
HCHO 4Ag ;
3 3
AgNO /NH
2 5
2
x
C H CHO 2
x
Ag ;
3 3
AgNO /NH
3 3
y
CH -C(O)-CH Ko

( ) 0, 2
48, 6
4( ) 2
108
x y x y
x y x
+ + + =

+ + =

=
=
075 , 0
025 , 0
y
x


propan-1-ol hh propan-1-ol
1,5
m =0,025.60=1,5(g); m =0,2.23.2=9,2(g) %m = .100%= 16,3 %
9,2

Cu 19: Cho phn ng: 2C
6
H
5
-CHO + KOH C
6
H
5
-COOK + C
6
H
5
-CH
2
-OH
Phn ng ny chng t C
6
H
5
-CHO
A. va th hin tnh oxi ha, va th hin tnh kh.
B. ch th hin tnh oxi ha.
C. ch th hin tnh kh.
D. khng th hin tnh kh v tnh oxi ha.
Bi gii: 2C
6
H
5
-
1
C
+
HO + KOH C
6
H
5
-
3
C
+
OOK + C
6
H
5
-
-1
C H
2
-OH
Cu 20: Ha tan hon ton 2,44 gam hn hp bt X gm Fe
x
O
y
v Cu bng dd H
2
SO
4
c nng (d). Sau phn
ng thu c 0,504 lt kh SO
2
(sn phm kh duy nht, ktc) v dung dch cha 6,6 gam hn hp mui
sunfat. Phn trm khi lng ca Cu trong X l
A. 39,34%. B. 65,57%. C. 26,23%. D. 13,11%.
Bi gii: pp quy i cht oxi ha ( SO
2
thnh O: nhn 2 e)
2,44 gam X gm Fe
x
O
y
v Cu c th to ra ti a:
Hn hp Fe
2
O
3
v CuO c khi lng: 2,44 +
4 , 22
504 , 0
.16 = 2,8 gam
Gi: s mol Fe
2
O
3
x Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
x ; CuO y CuSO
4
y
Ta c:

= +
= +
6 , 6 160 400
8 , 2 80 160
y x
y x

=
=
01 , 0
0125 , 0
y
x
%m
Cu
= 26,23 %
Gii thi H-C nm 2010
5 Ti liu luyn thi i hc nm 2010 - 2011
Cu 21: in phn (vi in cc tr) 200 ml dd CuSO
4
nng x moll, sau mt thi gian thu c dd Y vn
cn mu xanh, c khi lng gim 8g so vi dd ban u. Cho 16,8g bt Fe vo Y, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra
hon ton, thu c 12,4g kim loi. Gi tr ca x l
A. 2,25 B. 1,5 C. 1,25 D. 3,25
Bi gii:
4
CuSO Fe
16,8
n =0,2.x (mol) ; n = = 0,3 mol
56

CuSO
4
+ H
2
O
pdd
Cu + H
2
SO
4
+ O
2
(1)
a a a a 64a + 16a = 8 a = 0,1 mol
Fe + H
2
SO
4
FeSO
4
+ H
2
(2)

0,1 0,1
Fe + CuSO
4
FeSO
4
+ Cu (3)
0,2x -0,1 0,2x -0,1 0,2x -0,1
Ta c: m
kim loi
= m
Cu

(3)
+ m
Fe d
= (0,2x 0,1).64 + (0,3-0,2x ).56 = 12,4 x = 1,25
Cu 22: Trn 10,8g bt Al vi 34,8g bt Fe
3
O
4
ri tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm trong iu kin khng c
khng kh. Ho tan hon ton hn hp rn sau phn ng bng dd H
2
SO
4
long (d) thu c 10,752 lt kh H
2

(ktc). Hiu sut ca phn ng nhit nhm l
A. 80% B. 90% C. 70% D. 60%
Bi gii: 8Al + 3Fe
3
O
4
4Al
2
O
3
+ 9Fe
0,4 0,15
8x 3x 4x 9x
(0,4-8x) (0,15-3x) 4x 9x
Khi phn ng vi H
2
SO
4
long:

2
3+ 2+
2 4 2 2 4 2 H
10,752
Al+H SO Al +H ; Fe+H SO Fe +H ; n = 0, 48
22,4
= .
Theo bo ton electron, ta c:(0,4-8x).3 + 9x.2= 0,48.2 x = 0,04 mol H% =
4 , 0
8 . 04 , 0
.100 = 80%
Cu 23: Hn hp M gm anhit X (no, n chc, mch h) v hircacbon Y, c tng s mol l 0,2 (s mol
ca X nh hn ca Y). t chy hon ton M, thu c 8,96 lt kh CO
2
(ktc) v 7,2g H
2
O. Hircacbon Y l
A. CH
4
B. C
2
H
2
C. C
3
H
6
D. C
2
H
4
Bi gii: Phn tch sn phm chy:
anhit X (no, n chc, mch h): C
n
H
2n
O ; mt khc ta c:

2 2 2 2
H O CO H O CO
7,2 8,96
n =0,4 (mol) ; n = =0,4 (mol) n = n
18 22,4
Y l anken hoc xicloankan.
(C
n
H
2n
: anken (n > 2 ) hoc xicloankan (n > 3) )
Mt khc
2
CO
TB
M
n
0,4
C = = = 2
n 0,2
. Nn X l HCHO v Y l C
3
H
6

Cu 24: Cc dung dch phn ng c vi Cu(OH)
2
nhit thng l
A. glixeron, axit axetic, glucoz B. lng trng trng, fructoz, axeton
C. anhit axetic, saccaroz, axit axetic D. fructoz, axit acrylic, ancol etylic
Bi gii: glixeron, glucoz th hin tnh cht ca ancol a chc cn axit axetic th hin tnh axit
Cu 25: Cho dd X cha KMnO
4
v H
2
SO
4
(long) ln lt vo cc dd : FeCl
2
, FeSO
4
, CuSO
4
, MgSO
4
, H
2
S,
HCl (c). S trng hp c xy ra phn ng oxi ho - kh l
A. 3 B. 5 C. 4 D. 6
Bi gii:
Fe
2+
+ KMnO
4
+ H
2
SO
4
Fe
3+
+ Mn
2+

........
Fe
2+
+ KMnO
4
+ H
2
SO
4
Fe
3+
+ Mn
2+
..........
H
2
S + KMnO
4
+ H
2
SO
4
MnO
2
+ SO
2
| .......
HCl
c
+ KMnO
4
Mn
2+
+ Cl
2
|. ..........
Cu 26: Cc cht u khng b thu phn trong dung dch H
2
SO
4
long, nng l
A. t capron; nilon-6,6, polietylen
B. poli (vinyl axetat); polietilen, cao su buna
C. nilon-6,6; poli(etylen-terephtalat); polistiren
D. polietylen; cao su buna; polistiren
Gii thi H-C nm 2010
6 Ti liu luyn thi i hc nm 2010 - 2011
Cu 27: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol mt amin no, mch h X bng oxi va thu c 0,5 mol hn hp Y
gm kh v hi. Cho 4,6g X tc dng vi dd HCl (d), s mol HCl phn ng l
A. 0,1 B. 0,4 C. 0,3 D. 0,2
Bi gii: Gi CT ca amin: C
n
H
2n+2+x
N
x

C
n
H
2n+2+ x
N
x

+
2
O
nCO
2
+ (n + 1+
1
2
x)H
2
O +
1
2
xN
2

0,1 0,1n (n + 1+
1
2
x).0,1
1
2
x.0,1
0,2n + 0,1 + 0,1x = 0,5 2n + x = 4 n = 1; x = 2 tha mn:

6 2
HCl CH N
n = 2n = 0,2 mol
Cu 28: Cho 150 ml dd KOH 1,2M tc dng vi 100 ml dd AlCl
3
nng x moll, thu c dd Y v 4,68 gam
kt ta. oi b kt ta, thm tip 175 ml dd KOH 1,2M vo Y, thu c 2,34 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca x l
A. 1,2 B. 0,8 C. 0,9 D. 1,0
Bi gii: Al
3+
+ OH

Al(OH)
3
+ Al(OH)

4

0,1x 0,39 0,09 (0,1x -0,09)
0,39 = 0,09.3 + (0,1x 0,09).4 x = 1,2 M
Cu 29: Pht biu no sau y khng ng ?
A. dd m c ca Na
2
SiO
3
v K
2
SiO
3
c gi l thu tinh lng
B. m chy magie c th c dp tt bng ct kh
C. CF
2
Cl
2
b cm s dng do khi thi ra kh quyn th ph hu tng ozon
D. Trong phng th nghim, N
2
c iu ch bng cch un nng dd NH
4
NO
2
bo ho
Bi gii: 2Mg + SiO
2

0
t
Si + 2MgO
Cu 30: C 4 dd ring bit: CuSO
4
, ZnCl
2
, FeCl
3
, AgNO
3
. Nhng vo mi dd mt thanh Ni. S trng hp
xut hin n mn in ho l
A. 1 B. 4 C. 3 D. 2
Bi gii: CuSO
4
v AgNO
3

Cu 31: Thu phn este Z trong mi trng axit thu c hai cht hu c X v Y (M
X
< M
Y
). Bng mt phn
ng c th chuyn ho X thnh Y. Cht Z khng th l
A. metyl propionat B. metyl axetat
C. etyl axetat D. vinyl axetat
Bi gii: Ch mt phn ng chuyn X thnh Y nn buc s nguyn t C trong X, Y phi bng nhau (
Khng th l A: CH
3
OH ; C
2
H
5
COOH)
Cu 32: Tng s hp cht hu c no, n chc, mch h, c cng cng thc phn t C
5
H
10
O
2
, phn ng c
vi dd NaOH nhng khng c phn ng trng bc l
A. 4 B. 5 C. 8 D. 9
Bi gii: Phn ng c vi NaOH nn ch c th l axit hoc este.
axit : CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
COOH ; CH
3
CH
2
CH(CH
3
)COOH ; CH
3
CH(CH
3
)CH
2
COOH ;
CH
3
C(CH
3
)
2
COOH
Este : CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
COOCH
3
; CH
3
CH(CH
3
)COOCH
3
; CH
3
CH
2
COOC
2
H
5

CH
3
COOCH
2
CH
2
CH
3
; CH
3
COOCH(CH
3
)
2

( Khng tnh este : HCOO C
4
H
9
: v chng c th tham gia p trng gng)
Cu 33: Ho tan hon ton 2,45 gam hn hp X gm hai kim loi kim th vo 200 ml dd HCl 1,25M, thu
c dung dch Y cha cc cht tan c nng mol bng nhau. Hai kim loi trong X l
A. Mg v Ca B. Be v Mg C. Mg v Sr D. Be v Ca
Bi gii:
V dung dch Y cha cc cht tan c nng bng nhau s mol 2 kim loi kim th bng nhau = n
HCl
d
(nu c). n
HCl
= 0,25 mol
M + 2HCl MCl
2
+ H
2
a 2a a
Ta c : n
HCl d
= a 0,25 2a= a a = 0,1 M = 24,5 =
2
40 9 +
. Nn 2 kim loi l Be v Ca
Cu 34: Cho cc cn bng sau
(I) 2HI (k) H
2
(k) + I
2
(k) ;
Gii thi H-C nm 2010
7 Ti liu luyn thi i hc nm 2010 - 2011
(II) CaCO
3
(r) CaO (r) + CO
2
(k) ;
(III) FeO (r) + CO (k) Fe (r) + CO
2
(k) ;
(IV) 2SO
2
(k) + O
2
(k) 2SO
3
(k)
Khi gim p sut ca h, s cn bng b chuyn dch theo chiu nghch l
A. 4 B. 3 C. 2 D. 1
Bi gii: Gim p xut cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu tng p sut ca h( tng tng s mol kh): (II)
CaCO
3
(r) CaO (r) + CO
2
(k) : trong p trn duy nht theo chiu thun)
(IV) 2SO
2
(k) + O
2
(k) 2SO
3
(k) (nghch)
(I) 2HI (k) H
2
(k) + I
2
(k) ; (III) FeO (r) + CO (k) Fe (r) + CO
2
(k) ( khong nh hng bi p
sut)
Cu 35: Cho s chuyn ho :

3 4
2 5
H PO KOH KOH
PO X Y Z
+ + +

Cc cht X, Y, Z ln lt l :
A. K
3
PO
4
, K
2
HPO
4
, KH
2
PO
4
B. KH
2
PO
4
, K
2
HPO
4
, K
3
PO
4
C. K
3
PO
4
, KH
2
PO
4
, K
2
HPO
4
D. KH
2
PO
4
, K
3
PO
4
, K
2
HPO
4

Cu 36: t chy hon ton m gam FeS
2
bng mt lng O
2
va , thu c kh X. Hp th ht X vo 1 lt
dd cha Ba(OH)
2
0,15M v KOH 0,1M, thu c dd Y v 21,7 gam kt ta. Cho Y vo dd NaOH, thy xut
hin thm kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 23,2 B. 12,6 C. 18,0 D. 24,0
Bi gii:
Cch 1: Y cho NaOH thy xut hin thm kt ta Y c HSO

3
. n = 0,1 mol < n
+ 2
Ba
= 0,15 mol
SO
2
+ OH

SO
2
3
+ HSO

3

0,3 0,4 0,1 0,2
n
FeS2
= 0,15 mol m = 18 gam
Cch 2: Y cho NaOH thy xut hin thm kt ta Y c HSO

3
( d SO
2
)
o
2
2
2 3
m
m m
60
60 60 +O ,t
2 2
2 2 2
3 2 3 3 3 m m
( ) ( )
120 60
m
60
( )
SO
FeS 2SO ; ;
; aSO
21, 7
0,1( )
0, 3 60.0, 3
217

60
m
2. 0, 4( )
60
mol mol
a
a a
a
a
Ba OH NaOH
OH
OH HSO
HSO OH H O SO SO Ba B
m a mol
m
a n n n mol

+ + + +

= =

= =

+ = = + =

18, 0( )
0,1
g
a


Cu 37: Cho s chuyn ho sau

0 0
2
0
3
H ,t xt ,t Z
2 2
Pd,PbCO
t ,xt ,p
C H X Y Caosu buna N
+ +

Cc cht X, Y, Z ln lt l :
A. benzen; xiclohexan; amoniac B. axetanehit; ancol etylic; buta-1,3-ien
C. vinylaxetilen; buta-1,3-ien; stiren D. vinylaxetilen; buta-1,3-ien; acrilonitrin
Bi gii:Z l CH
2
=CHCN (acrilonitrin). Ch c p n D tha mn
Cu 38: t chy hon ton mt lng hn hp X gm 2 ancol (u no, a chc, mch h, c cng s nhm -
OH) cn va lt kh O
2
, thu c 11,2 lt kh CO
2
va 12,6 gam H
2
O (cc th tch kh o ktc). Gi tr ca
l
A. 14,56 B. 15,68 C. 11,20 D. 4,48

Bi gii:
cch 1: Do l ancol no nn:
2 2
ancol H O CO
12,6 11,2
n = n - n = - = 0,2 mol.
18 22,4

S nguyn t
2
CO
ancol
n
0,5
C = = =2,5.
n 0,2
mt ancol l C
2
H
4
(OH)
2
.
p dng nh lut bo ton nguyn t oxi
Gii thi H-C nm 2010
8 Ti liu luyn thi i hc nm 2010 - 2011

2
O
1
n = (2. 0,5 + 0,7 - 0,2.2) = 0,65 mol V = 14,56 lt
2

cch 2:
a 2 2 2
n 2n+2
x.n 0,5
x x.(n+1)=0,7
(3.n 1 )
.
2
0, 2
(3.n 1 )
C H O (dk:a n) + O nCO + (n+1)H O 2
2, 5 ; 2 2
3
a
x
x
a
n
n a
n
=
+
=
+

s =

= =

=


2
O
3.2,5+1-2
n =0,2. 0, 65 14, 46( )
2
V l = =
Cu 39: Hn hp X gm alanin v axit glutamic. Cho m gam X tc dng hon ton vi dd NaOH (d), thu
c dd Y cha (m30,8) gam mui. Mt khc, nu cho m gam X tc dng hon ton vi dd HCl, thu c dd
Z cha (m36,5) gam mui. Gi tr ca m l
A. 112,2 B. 165,6 C. 123,8 D. 171,0
Bi gii: Gi s mol: ala x ( c 1 nhm NH
2
; 1 nhm COOH)
Glu y ( c 1 nhm NH
2
; 2 nhm COOH)
+ Tc dng NaOH ta c: x + 2y = 1,4 (*)
+ Tc dng HCl ta c: x + y = 1 (2*)
Gii (*), (2*) x = 0,6 mol; y = 0,4 mol m = 0,6. 89 + 0,4. 147 = 112,2 gam
Cu 40: Trong cc cht : xiclopropan, benzen, stiren, metyl acrylat, vinyl axetat, imetyl ete, s cht c kh
nng lm mt mu nc brom l
A. 5 B. 4 C. 6 D. 3
Bi gii: xiclopropan ( Cng m vng); stiren, metyl acrylat, vinyl axetat (C
6
H
5
-CH=CH
2
; CH
2
=CH-
COO-CH
3
; CH
3
COO-CH=CH
2
: cng Br
2
vo CH=CH
2
)
II. PHN RING 10 cu
A. Theo chng trnh Chun 10 cu, t cu 41 n cu 0
Cu 41: Pht biu no sau y ng?
A. Khi un C
2
H
5
Br vi dd KOH ch thu c etilen ( sai, do to ra hn hp: CH
2
=CH
2
v C
2
H
5
OH)
B. dd phenol lm phenolphtalein khng mu chuyn thnh mu hng ( Sai, do : Phenol c tnh axit rt yu
ch khng c tnh baz phenolphtalein chuyn mu hng)
C. Dy cc cht : C
2
H
5
Cl, C
2
H
5
Br, C
2
H
5
I c nhit si tng dn t tri sang phi (Do M tng dn)
D. un ancol etylic 140
0
C (xc tc H
2
SO
4
c) thu c imetyl ete ( Thu c ietyl ete:
C
2
H
5
O C
2
H
5
ch khng phi imetyl ete : CH
3
O CH
3
)
Cu 42: Cho cc cp cht vi t l s mol tng ng nh sau :
(a) Fe
3
O
4
v Cu (1:1) (b) Sn v Zn (2:1) (c) Zn v Cu (1:1)
(d) Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
v Cu (1:1) (e) FeCl
2
v Cu (2:1) (g) FeCl
3
v Cu (1:1)
S cp cht tan hon ton trong mt lng d dung dch HCl long nng l
A. 4 B. 2 C. 3 D. 5
Bi gii:
3 4 3 2 2
a 2a
3 4
3 2 2
a
2a
2 4 3 2 4 3 4 4
a
a
Fe O 8HCl 2FeCl +FeCl +4H O
(a) Fe O ; Cu (1:1):
2FeCl Cu CuCl +2FeCl .
(b) Sn ; Zn (2:1) +HCl muoi
(d) Fe (SO ) ; Cu (1:1): trong dd HCl: Fe (SO ) + Cu 2 eSO uSO F C
+

+

c, e : HCl khng phane ng vi Cu ; g : t l thiu nn Cu cn d ( nu t l 2:1 s ht)
Cu 43: C bao nhiu cht hu c mch h dng iu ch 4-metylpentan-2-ol ch bng phn ng cng H
2

(xc tc Ni, t
0
)?
A. 3 B. 5 C. 2 D. 4
Bi gii: Theo bi ra phi l ancol cha no v xeton:
CH
2
=CH(CH
3
)CH
2
CH(OH)CH
3
; (CH
3
)
2
CH=CHCH(OH)CH
3
; CH
2
=CH(CH
3
)CH
2
COCH
3
;
(CH
3
)
2
CH=CHCOCH
3
; CH
3
)
2
CH
2
CH
2
COCH
3

Cu 44: Hn hp M gm axit cacboxylic X, ancol Y (u n chc, s mol X gp hai ln s mol Y) v este Z
c to ra t X v Y. Cho mt lng M tc dng va vi dd cha 0,2 mol NaOH, to ra 16,4 gam mui v
8,05 gam ancol. Cng thc ca X v Y l
Gii thi H-C nm 2010
9 Ti liu luyn thi i hc nm 2010 - 2011
A. HCOOH v CH
3
OH B. CH
3
COOH v CH
3
OH
C. HCOOH v C
3
H
7
OH D. CH
3
COOH v C
2
H
5
OH
Bi gii: gi s mol: RCOOH a ; ROH a ; RCOOR b . Theo gi thit:
RCOONa NaOH RCOONa R 3 3
16,4
n = n a + b = 0,2 mol M = = 82 = 15 CH . X l CH COOH
0,2
M
Loi p n: A v C.
R'OH R'OH
1 1
(a + b) < n = a + b < a + b 0,1 < n < 0,2
2 2

40,25 < M
ancol
< 80,5. Loi p n B.
Cu 45: dd X cha cc ion: Ca
2+
, Na
+
,
3
HCO

v Cl

, trong s mol ca ionCl

l 0,1. Cho 12 dd X phn


ng vi dd NaOH (d), thu c 2 gam kt ta. Cho 12 dd X cn li phn ng vi dd Ca(OH)
2
(d), thu c
3 gam kt ta. Mt khc, nu un si n cn dd X th thu c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 9,21 B. 9,26 C. 8,79 D. 7,47
Bi gii:T gi thit: dd
1
2
X nu thm Ca(OH)
2
th vn thu c thm kt ta nn Ca
2+
ban u thiu v
bng s mol kt ta:
2
Ca
2
2. 2. 0, 04( )
100
n n mol
+
+
= = =
dd
1
2
X thm Ca(OH)
2
thu kt ta :
-
3
(2) HCO
3
2. 2. 0, 06( )
100
n n mol
+
= = =
p dng bo ton in tch:
2 2
3 3
Na Na
2. 2. 0, 06 0,1 2.0, 04 0, 08
Ca HCO Cl HCO Cl Ca
n n n n n n n n
+ + + +
+ = + = + = + =
Khi c cn xy ra phn ng: 2
3
HCO


0
t
CO
2
3
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O
0,06 0,03
p dng bo ton khi lng :
2 2
3
Na
m = m = 0,08.23+ 0,04.40 + 0,03.60 + 0,1.35,5 = 8,79 gam
Ca CO Cl
m m m
+ +
+ + +
Cu 46: Hn hp X gm CuO v Fe
2
O
3
. Ho tan hon ton 44 gam X bng dd HCl (d), sau phn ng thu
c dd cha 85,25 gam mui. Mt khc, nu kh hon ton 22 gam X bng CO (d), cho hn hp kh thu
c sau phn ng li t t qua dd Ba(OH)
2
(d) th thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 76,755 B. 73,875 C. 147,750 D. 78,875
Bi gii:
Cch 1: Ta c: 2n
O
2-
(oxit)
= n
Cl
- = a (mol) (trong 44 gam X)
m
Cl
- - m
O
2-
= 41,25 a. 35,5 a.16 = 41,25 a = 1,5 mol
Trong 22 gam X c n
O
2-
(oxit)
= 0,375 mol n
BaCO3
= n
CO2
= 0,375 mol. m = 73,875 gam
Cch 2: Tng gim khi lng:
Khi tham gia p vi HCl th c 1 mol O
2-
thay bng 2 mol Cl
-
khi lng mui tng 71-16= 55 (g)
x 85,25 44= 41,25

41, 25
0, 75( )
55
x mol = = Nu trong 22 g ( gim 1 na) th
(oxit)
0, 375( )
O
n mol =
2 3
(oxit) BaCO
0, 375( ) m =0,375.197=73,875(g)
CO CO O
n n n mol = = =
Cu 47: Cho mt s nhn nh v nguyn nhn gy nhim mi trng khng kh nh sau :
(1) Do hot ng ca ni la
(2) Do kh thi cng nghip, kh thi sinh hot
(3) Do kh thi t cc phng tin giao thng
(4) Do kh sinh ra t qu trnh quang hp cy xanh
(5) Do nng cao ca cc ion kim loi : Pb
2+
, Hg
2+
, Mn
2+
, Cu
2+
trong cc ngun nc
Nhng nhn nh ng l :
A. (1), (2), (3) B. (2), (3), (5) C. (1), (2), (4) D. (2), (3), (4)
Cu 48: Thu phn hon ton 1 mol pentapeptit X, thu c 2 mol glyxin (Gly), 1 mol alanin (Ala), 1 mol
valin (al) v 1 mol Phenylalanin (Phe). Thu phn khng hon ton X thu c ipeptit al-Phe v tripeptit
Gly-Ala-al nhng khng thu c ipeptit Gly-Gly. Cht X c cng thc l
A. Gly-Phe-Gly-Ala-Val B. Gly-Ala-Val-Val-Phe
C. Gly-Ala-Val-Phe-Gly D. Val-Phe-Gly-Ala-Gly
Bi gii: pentapeptit X Gly + Ala + Val + Phe
Gii thi H-C nm 2010
10 Ti liu luyn thi i hc nm 2010 - 2011
1 mol 2 mol 1 mol 1 mol 1 mol
X thy phn Val-Phe + Gly-Ala-Val : nn Gly-Ala-Val - Phe
V khng thu c Gly Gly nn Phe Gly nn: Gly-Ala-Val Phe Gly .
Cu 49: Hn hp bt X gm Cu, Zn. t chy hon ton m gam X trong oxi (d), thu c 40,3 gam hn hp
gm CuO v ZnO. Mt khc, nu cho 0,25 mol X phn ng vi mt lng d dd KOH long nng, th thu c
3,36 lt kh H
2
(ktc). Phn trm khi lng ca Cu trong X l
A. 19,81% B. 29,72% C. 39,63% D. 59,44%
Bi gii:Ta c :
2
2 2 2 Zn H Cu Zn Cu
3,36
Zn + 2KOH K ZnO +H ; n = n = = 0,15 mol n =0,25-0,15= 0,1 mol n /n = 3/2
22,4

Zn Cu Cu
2.0,1.64
n :3x; n : 2x 81.3x + 80.2x = 40,3 x = 0,1 mol %m = .100%= 39,63%
40,3

Cu 50: Cho cc cht : (1) axit picric; (2) cumen; (3) xiclohexanol; (4) 1,2-ihiroxi-4-metylbenzen; (5) 4-
metylphenol; (6) o-naphtol. Cc cht thuc loi phenol l:
A. (1), (3), (5), (6) B. (1), (2), (4), (6) C. (1), (2), (4), (5) D. (1), (4), (5), (6)
B. Theo chng trnh Nng cao 10 cu, t cu 1 n cu 0
Cu 51: Cho 0,3 mol bt Cu v 0,6 mol Fe(NO
3
)
2
vo dd cha 0,9 mol H
2
SO
4
(long). Sau khi cc phn ng
xy ra hon ton, thu c lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca l
A. 6,72 B. 8,96 C. 4,48 D. 10,08
Bi gii: Phng trnh ion thu gn:
- +
3 2 2 4
3
Fe(NO ) H SO
NO H
0,3( ) ; n 2. 2.0, 6 1, 2( ) ; n 2. 2.0,9 1,8( )
Cu
n mol n mol n mol = = = = = = =
3Cu + 8H
+
+ 2NO

3
3Cu
2+
+ 2NO + 4H
2
O (1)
0,3 0,8 0,2 0,2
3Fe
2+
+ 4H
+
+ NO

3
3Fe
3+
+ NO + 2H
2
O (2)
0,6 1,0 1,0 0,2
T (1), (2) n
NO
= 0,4 mol V = 8,96 lt
Cu 52: Pht biu no sau y khng ng ?
A. Trong mi trng kim, mui Cr(III) c tnh kh v b cc cht oxi ho mnh chuyn thnh mui
Cr(VI).
B. Do Pb
2+
ng trc 2H
+
/H
2
trong d in ho nn d dng phn ng vi dd HCl long
ngui, gii phng kh H
2
.
C. CuO nung nng khi tc dng vi NH
3
hoc CO, u thu c Cu
D. Ag khng phn ng vi dd H
2
SO
4
long nhng phn ng vi dd H
2
SO
4
c nng.
Cu 53: dd axit fomic 0,007M c pH = 3. Kt lun no sau y khng ng?
A. Khi pha long 10 ln dd trn th thu c dd c pH = 4.
B. in li ca axit fomic s gim khi thm dd HCl.
C. Khi pha lang dd trn th in li ca axit fomic tng.
D. in li ca axit fomic trong dd trn l 14,29%.
Bi gii:
HCOOH l axit yu ph thuc vo K
a
.
B, C : Gii thch theo cn bng ha hc, coi qu trnh phn li khng hon ton nh mt phn ng
ha hc
D .
- +
0,007-x (M)
0, 001
HCOOH OO ; 3 [H ]=0,001= x .100% 14, 29%
0, 007
x
H HC pH o
+
+ = = =
Cu 54: Hp cht hu c mch h X c cng thc phn t C
5
H
10
O. Cht X khng phn ng vi Na, tha mn
s chuyn ha sau:

3 2
0
2 4
, c ,
+ +

CH COOH H
H SO a Ni t
X Y Este c mi mui chn.
Tn ca X l
A. pentanal B. 2 metylbutanal
C. 2,2 imetylpropanal. D. 3 metylbutanal.
Cu 55: nh gi s nhim kim loi nng trong nc thi ca mt nh my, ngi ta ly mt t nc, c
c ri thm dd Na
2
S vo thy xut hin kt ta mu vng. Hin tng trn chng t nc thi b nhim bi
ion
Gii thi H-C nm 2010
11 Ti liu luyn thi i hc nm 2010 - 2011
A. Fe
2+
. B. Cu
2+
. C. Pb
2+
. D. Cd
2+
.
Bi gii: Cd
2+
+ S
2-
CdS vng
Cu 56: Cho s phn ng:
2 2
0 0
,
+ +
+ + +

H O Br CuO
H t t H
Stiren X Y Z
Trong X, Y, Z u l cc sn phm chnh. Cng thc ca X, Y, Z ln lt l:
A. C
6
H
5
CHOHCH
3
, C
6
H
5
COCH
3
, C
6
H
5
COCH
2
Br.
B. C
6
H
5
CH
2
CH
2
OH, C
6
H
5
CH
2
CHO, C
6
H
5
CH
2
COOH.
C. C
6
H
5
CH
2
CH
2
OH, C
6
H
5
CH
2
CHO, m-BrC
6
H
4
CH
2
COOH
D. C
6
H
5
CHOHCH
3
, C
6
H
5
COCH
3
, m-BrC
6
H
4
COCH
3
.
Cu 57: Trung ha han tan 8,88 gam mt amin (bc mt, mch cacbon khng phn nhnh) bng axit HCl,
to ra 17,64 gam mui. Amin c cng thc l
A. H
2
NCH
2
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
NH
2
. B. CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
NH
2
.
C. H
2
NCH
2
CH
2
NH
2
D. H
2
NCH
2
CH
2
CH
2
NH
2
.
Bi gii: Bo ton khi lng :
8,88(g) 17,64 (g)
8, 76
Amin +HCl Muoi 17, 64 8, 88 8, 76( ) 0, 24( )
36, 5
mHCl g nHCl mol = = = =
T.Hp 1: R NH
2
( p n B : M=59): RNH
2
+ HCl R(NH
3
Cl)
2

0,24 0,24
2
R - NH
8, 88
M 37 59 (loai)
0, 24
= = =
T.Hp 2: R(NH
2
)
2

R(NH
2
)
2
+ 2HCl R(NH
3
Cl)
2

0,12 0,24
2 2
R - (NH ) 3 6
8, 88
M 74 42 :
0,12
R
M R C H = = = p n D
Cu 58: Cho s chuyn ha:
Fe
3
O
4
+ dd HI (d) X + Y + H
2
O
Bit X v Y l sn phm cui cng ca qu trnh chuyn ha. Cc cht X v Y l
A. Fe v I
2
. B. FeI
3
v FeI
2
. C. FeI
2
v I
2.
D. FeI
3
v I
2
.
Bi gii: Do HI c tnh kh cn Fe
3+
c tnh oxi ha:
Fe
3
O
4
+ 8HI FeI
2
+ 2FeI
3
+ 4H
2
O ; 2Fe
3+
+ 2I
-
d
2Fe
2+
+ I
2
;
Cu 59: t chy han tan m gam hn hp X gm ba ancol (n chc, thuc cng dy ng ng), thu c
8,96 lt kh CO
2
(ktc) v 11,7 gam H
2
O. Mt khc, nu un nng m gam X vi H
2
SO
4
c th tng khi lng
ete ti a thu c l
A. 7,85 gam. B. 7,40 gam. C. 6,50 gam. D. 5,60 gam.
Bi gii:
2 2 2 2
CO H O CO H O
8,96 11,7
n = = 0,4 mol ; n = = 0,65 mol n < n ancol no
22,4 18

Gi CT chung ancol l: C
n
H
2 n 2 +
O
2 2
0, 4
0, 65 0, 4 0,25 mol; n 1, 6
0, 25
ancol H O CO
n n n = = = = =

ancol
m =0,25(14.1,6+18)= 10,1 gam. Phn ng ete th s mol H
2
O mt i mt na so vi s mol ancol
tham gia p:
p dng bo ton khi lng: m
ancol
= m
ete
+ m
H2O
m
ete
= 10,1
2
25 , 0
.18 = 7,85 gam
Cu 60: Cht X c cc c im sau: phn t c nhiu nhm OH, c v ngt, ha tan Cu(OH)
2
nhit
thng, phn t c lin kt glicozit, lm mt mu nc brom. Cht X l
A. xenluloz B. mantoz C. glucoz D. Saccaroz.

You might also like