CNG THC GII NHANH HA HU C

1. Cng thc tnh s ng phn ancol n chc no, mch h : Cn H2n+2O2 S ng phn Cn H2n+2O2 = 2^(n- 2) ( 1 < n < 6 ) V d : S ng phn ca ancol c cng thc phn t l : a. C3H8O = 2^(3-2) = 2 b. C4H10O = 2^(4-2) = 4 c. C5H12O = 2^(5-2) = 8 2. Cng thc tnh s ng phn anehit n chc no, mch h : Cn H2nO S ng phn Cn H2nO = 2^(n- 3) ( 2 < n < 7 ) V d : S ng phn ca anehit n chc no, mch h c cng thc phn t l : a. C4H8O = 2^(4-3) = 2 b. C5H10O = 2^(5-3) = 4 c. C6H12O = 2^(6-3) = 8 3. Cng thc tnh s ng phn axit cacboxylic n chc no, mch h : Cn H2nO2 S ng phn Cn H2nO2 = 2^(n- 3) ( 2 < n < 7 ) V d : S ng phn ca axit cacboxylic n chc no, mch h c cng thc phn t l : a. C4H8O2 = 2^(4-3) = 2 b. C5H10O2 = 2^(5-3) = 4 c. C6H12O2 = 2^(6-3) = 8 4. Cng thc tnh s ng phn este n chc no, mch h : Cn H2nO2 S ng phn Cn H2nO2 = 2^(n- 2) ( 1 < n < 5 ) V d : S ng phn ca este n chc no, mch h c cng thc phn t l : a. C2H4O2 = 2^(2-2) = 1 b. C3H6O2 = 2^(3-2) = 2 c. C4H8O2 = 2^(4-2) = 4 5. Cng thc tnh s ng phn ete n chc no, mch h : Cn H2n+2O S ng phn Cn H2n+2O =(n-1)(n-2)/2( 2 < n < 5 ) V d : S ng phn ca ete n chc no, mch h c cng thc phn t l :

a. C3H8O = 1 b. C4H10O = 3 c. C5H12O = 6 6. Cng thc tnh s ng phn xeton n chc no, mch h : Cn H2nO S ng phn Cn H2nO = (n-2)(n-3)/2( 3 < n < 7 ) V d : S ng phn ca xeton n chc no, mch h c cng thc phn t l : a. C4H8O = 1 b. C5H10O = 3 c. C6H12O = 6 7. Cng thc tnh s ng phn amin n chc no, mch h : Cn H2n+3N(cai nay chax deo dung.tai vi dong phan dung oi ma cong thuc thi tinh sai.vo ly!!!) S ng phn Cn H2n+3N = 2^(n-1) ( n n CO2 ) V d 1 : t chy mt lng ancol no n chc A c 15,4 gam CO2 v 9,45 gam H2O . Tm cng thc phn t ca A ? S C ca ancol no = 2 Vy A c cng thc phn t l C2H6O V d 2: t chy hon ton mt lng hirocacbon A thu c 26,4 gam CO2 v 16,2 gam H2O . Tm cng thc phn t ca A ? ( Vi nH O = 0,7 mol > n CO = 0,6 mol ) => A l ankan S C ca ankan = 6 Vy A c cng thc phn t l C6H14 11. Cng thc tnh khi lng ancol n chc no hoc hn hp ankan n chc notheo khi lng CO2 v khi lng H2O : mancol = mH2O - mCo2/11 V d : Khi t chy hon ton m gam hn hp hai ancol n chc no, mch h thu c 2,24 lt CO2 ( ktc ) v 7,2 gam H2O. Tnh khi lng ca ancol ? mancol = mH2O - mCo2/11 = 6,8 12. Cng thc tnh s i, tri, tetra..n peptit ti a to bi hn hp gm x amino axit khc nhau : S n peptitmax = x^n V d : C ti a bao nhiu ipeptit, tripeptit thu c t hn hp gm 2 amino axit l glyxin v alanin ?

S ipeptit = 2^2 = 4 S tripeptit = 2^3 = 8 13. Cng thc tnh khi lng amino axit A( cha n nhm -NH2 v m nhm COOH ) khi cho amino axit ny vo dung dch cha a mol HCl, sau cho dung dch sau phn ng tc dng va vi b mol NaOH. mA = MA.(b-a)/m V d : Cho m gam glyxin vo dung dch cha 0,3 mol HCl . Dung dch sau phn ng tc dng va vi 0,5 mol NaOH. Tm m ? ( Mglyxin = 75 ) m = 15 gam 14. Cng thc tnh khi lng amino axit A( cha n nhm -NH2 v m nhm COOH ) khi cho amino axit ny vo dung dch cha a mol NaOH, sau cho dung dch sau phn ng tc dng va vi b mol HCl. mA = MA.(b-a)/n V d : Cho m gam alanin vo dung dch cha 0,375 mol NaOH . Dung dch sau phn ng tc dng va vi 0,575 mol HCl . Tm m ? ( Malanin = 89 ) mA = 17,8 gam 15. Cng thc xc nh cng thc phn t ca mt anken da vo phn t khi ca hn hp anken v H2 trc v sau khi dn qua bt Ni nung nng. Anken ( M1) + H2 ---->A (M2) ( phn ng hiro ha anken hon ton ) S n ca anken (CnH2n ) = M1(M2-2)/14.(M2-M1) V d : Cho X l hn hp gm olefin M v H2 , c t khi hi so vi H2 l 5 . Dn X qua bt Ni nung nng phn ng xy ra hon ton c hn hp hi Y c t khi so vi H2 l 6,25 . Xc nh cng thc phn t ca M. M1= 10 v M2 = 12,5 Ta c : n = = 3 M c cng thc phn t l C3H6 16. Cng thc xc nh cng thc phn t ca mt ankin da vo phn t khi ca hn hp ankin v H2 trc v sau khi dn qua bt Ni nung nng. Ankin ( M1) + H2 ---> A (M2) ( phn ng hiro ha ankin hon ton ) S n ca ankin (CnH2n-2 ) = 2M1(M2-2)/14(M2-M1) 17.Cng thc tnh hiu sut phn ng hiro ha anken. H% = 2- 2Mx/My 18.Cng thc tnh hiu sut phn ng hiro ha anehit no n chc. H% = 2- 2Mx/My

19.Cng thc tnh % ankan A tham gia phn ng tch. %A = MA/MX - 1 20.Cng thc xc nh phn t ankan A da vo phn ng tch. MA = 21.Cng thc tnh khi lng mui clorua khi cho kim loi tc dng vi dung dch HCl gii phng kh H2 mMui clorua = mKL + 71. nH2 V d : Cho 10 gam hn hp kim loi gm Mg, Al, Zn tc dng vi dung dch HCl thu c 22,4 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Tnh khi lng mui thu c . mMui clorua = mKL + 71 nH2= 10 + 71. 1 = 81 gam 22.Cng thc tnh khi lng mui sunfat khi cho kim loi tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long gii phng kh H2 mMui sunfat = mKL + 96. nH2 V d : Cho 10 gam hn hp kim loi gm Mg, Al, Zn tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long thu c 2,24 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Tnh khi lng mui thu c . mMui Sunfat = mKL + 96. nH2= 10 + 96. 0,1 = 29,6 gam 23.Cng thc tnh khi lng mui sunphat khi cho kim loi tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 c to sn phm kh SO2 , S, H2S v H2O mMui sunft = mKL + 96/2.( 2nSO2+ 6 nS + 8nH2S ) = mKL +96.( nSO2+ 3 nS + 4nH2S ) * Lu : Sn phm kh no khng c th b qua * n H SO = 2nSO2+ 4 nS + 5nH2S 24.Cng thc tnh khi lng mui nitrat khi cho kim loi tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 gii phng kh : NO2 ,NO,N2O, N2 ,NH4NO3 mMui Nitrat = mKL + 62( n NO2 + 3nNO + 8nN2O +10n N2 +8n NH4NO3) * Lu : Sn phm kh no khng c th b qua * n HNO = 2nNO2+ 4 nNO + 10nN2O +12nN2 + 10nNH4NO3 25.Cng thc tnh khi lng mui clorua khi cho mui cacbonat tc dng vi dung dch HCl gii phng kh CO2 v H2O mMui clorua = mMui cacbonat + 11. n CO2 26.Cng thc tnh khi lng mui sunfat khi cho mui cacbonat tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long gii phng kh CO2 v H2O mMui sunfat = mMui cacbonat + 36. n CO2

27.Cng thc tnh khi lng mui clorua khi cho mui sunfit tc dng vi dung dch HCl gii phng kh SO2 v H2O mMui clorua = mMui sunfit - 9. n SO2 28.Cng thc tnh khi lng mui sunfat khi cho mui sunfit tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long gii phng kh CO2 v H2O mMui sunfat = mMui cacbonat + 16. n SO 29.Cng thc tnh s mol oxi khi cho oxit tc dng vi dung dch axit to mui v H2O nO (Oxit) = nO ( H2O) = 1/2nH( Axit) 30.Cng thc tnh khi lng mui sunfat khi cho oxit kim loi tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long to mui sunfat v H2O Oxit + dd H2SO4 long -> Mui sunfat + H2O mMui sunfat = mOxit + 80 n H2SO4 31.Cng thc tnh khi lng mui clorua khi cho oxit kim loi tc dng vi dung dch HCl to mui clorua v H2O Oxit + dd HCl -> Mui clorua + H2O mMui clorua = mOxit + 55 n H2O = mOxit + 27,5 n HCl 32.Cng thc tnh khi lng kim loi khi cho oxit kim loi tc dng vi cc cht kh nh : CO, H2 , Al, C mKL = moxit mO ( Oxit) nO (Oxit) = nCO = n H2= n CO2 = n H2O 33.Cng thc tnh s mol kim loi khi cho kim loi tc dng vi H2O, axit, dung dch baz kim, dung dch NH3 gii phng hiro. nK L= 2/anH2 vi a l ha tr ca kim loi VD: Cho kim loi kim tc dng vi H2O: 2M + 2H2O -> MOH + H2 nK L= 2nH2 = nOH34.Cng thc tnh lng kt ta xut hin khi hp th ht mt lng CO2 vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 hoc Ba(OH)2 . nkt ta = nOH- - nCO2 ( vi nkt ta = nOH- = 0,7 mol nkt ta = nOH- - nCO2 = 0,7 0,5 = 0,2 mol mkt ta = 0,2 . 197 = 39,4 ( g ) 35.Cng thc tnh lng kt ta xut hin khi hp th ht mt lng CO2 vo dung dch cha hn hp gm NaOH, Ca(OH)2 hoc Ba(OH)2 .

Tnh n((CO3)2+)= nOH- - nCO2 ri so snh nCa hoc nBa xem cht no phn ng ht suy ra n kt ta ( iu kin n(CO3)2+ = tong luong nOH- = 0,39 mol n((CO3)2+) = nOH- - nCO2 = 0,39- 0,3 = 0,09 mol M nBa2+ = 0,18 mol nn nkt ta = nCO = 0,09 mol mkt ta = 0,09 . 197 = 17,73 gam V d 2 : Hp th ht 0,448 lt ( ktc) vo 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm NaOH 0,06 M v Ba(OH)2 0,12 M thu c m gam kt ta . Tnh m ? ( TSH 2009 khi A ) A. 3,94 B. 1,182 C. 2,364 D. 1,97 nCO = 0,02 mol nNaOH = 0,006 mol n Ba(OH)2= 0,012 mol => tong luong nOH = 0,03 mol n((CO3)2+) = nOH- - nCO2 = 0,03 - 0,02 = 0,01 mol M nBa 2+ = 0,012 mol nn nkt ta = nCO = 0,01 mol mkt ta = 0,01 . 197 = 1,97 gam