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Bi 6.2 : Cho 1 cnh mng chuyn ng song song vi ng ni tm, gii hn chuyn t dng
chy tng sang dng chy ri thng thng xy ra ti Rex=2.8x106, vi x l khong cch tnh t
mi nhn.Nu cnh ang chuyn ng vi vn tc 20m/s, 20oC, th ti im no trn cnh s
xy ra s chuyn t chy tng sang chy ri trong 2 trng hp: (a) khng kh? (b) nc?
Bi gii:
Ta c :
x=
a . Ti 20oC i vi khng kh :
Vy i vi nc 20oC : x=14.14m
p1
V12
p V2
z2 2 2 hw
2g
2g
vi
p1 = p2 = pa
Q.4
35* 4 *12 2
V1 = 0 ; V2 = V=
=
= 7.13
D 4 3600 * * (0.5) 2
ft/s
z1 z2 = H =10 ft
Thay vo phng trnh Bernouli:
z1
p1
V12
p V2
z2 2 2 hw
2g
2g
=> H -
7.132
V2
= hw => hw = 10
= 9.21 ft
2g
2*32.2
64 64.
Re V .D
=> hw = .
D 2g
D.V .2 g
D .g
.D 4 . g
Re
4.Q
= 790.53 < 2320 => Vy y l dng chy tng
..D
Bi 6.57: John Laufer (NACA Tech. Rep, 1954) a ra bng gi tr vn tc ti 20oC ca dng
khng kh chy trong 1 ng c thnh trn ng knh d=24.7cm ti Re= 5x105. ( b qua tn tht
cc b)Vn tc ti trc ng uCL = 30.5 m/s.
Xc nh : (a)Vn tc trung bnh bng tch phn s.(b) ng sut tip theo lut xp x logarit. So
snh vi th Moody v phng trnh 6.59
Bi gii:
(a) nhit t = 20oC, khng kh c
Vtb
u.d R 2
d 2 r.dr vi r: 0 -> R
=> Vtb
1
u (2 R).dr
R 2 0
r
dr
d
: 0 1
R
R
V
u
.2..d
=> tb
u CL 0 uCL
Tnh tch phn theo quy tc hnh thang, ta c:
u
u
u
u
u
.2
.
d
.(
2
1
2
1
3
2 .(3 2 ) ...
0 uCL
uCL 2
uCL 1
uCL 2
uCL 3
1
Vtb
=0.8356 => Vtb = 0.8356*30.5 = 25.5 m/s
uCL
(b) ng sut tip ri c c tnh theo lut logarit cho mi dim d liu
vi mi (u,y) ta c:
u 1 yu*
ln
B vi =0.41 v B= 5.0
u*
Ta bit c ca khng kh v (u,y) t d liu cho
=> V vy ta c c th tnh c u* .
Ta c bng tnh u* nh sau:
y/R
u/ucl
r/R
u/ucl
2r/Rdr/R
0.010373
0.898
0.997
0.102
0.031743
1.126
0.794
0.988
0.206
0.123319
1.128
0.588
0.959
0.412
0.195846
1.126
0.383
0.908
0.617
0.204455
1.112
0.216
0.847
0.784
0.084077
1.099
0.154
0.818
0.846
0.084871
1.101
u*
0.093
0.771
0.907
0.076371
1.098
0.037
0.69
0.963
0.024585
1.097
10
0.83564
=> u* = 1.1m/s 1%
M ri (u * ) 2 => ri = 1.2*(1.1)2 1.45 Pa
S dng th Moody v phng trnh 6.59
Hng s Re v c lng
Gi s V = 25m/s Re =
Re = 436000 ;
Hi t n V = 26,5m/s ;
Bi gii:
* Tnh tn tht cc b
i vi Open fully crewed swimg-check valve ng knh danh nh D = 1/2 in
i vi th chy t b vo ng vi mp vo sc cnh
Tn tht cc b :
=(5.1+0.5)
=10.52 ft
cao h cn t c l:
; LB
Gi s
)
167 kPa
Bi6.4:
Dng chy ca du 30 qua ng c d=5cm.Xc nh lu lng ca dng chy bng
chuyn i gia dng chy tng v dng chy ri 20 v 100
Gii:
Tra bng oil 30 ta c:
=891 kg/
=0.29kg/m.s 20
=0.01kg/m.s 100
/h ti im
Ta c = v Q=v.
a)Re=
=>Q=0.0293.
b)Re=
=2300
=106
=
=>Q=0.00101.
=
=3.6
Bi 6.20:
Mt ng ht soda di 20cm,ng knh d=2mm,n phn pht soda lnh,xp x nc 10 ,vi lu
lng 3
/s.Hi tn tht dc ng qua ng.Hi p lc theo trc gradient
x nu dng
chy l theo chiu thng ng t di ln v theo chiu ngang.
Phi ca con ngi c th phn pht dng ny khng?
Gii:
Vi nc 10 : =1000kg/
Re=
=f. .
v =(1.307)
kg/m.s
=1460
= .
m
Nu dng chy l dc,t di ln:
=
=19800
(1)
=9980
(2)
Cho hnh 6.25.Dung dch ethyl alcohol 25 v bn cha rt rng.Tm lu lng dng chy
theo
/h.C phi l dng chy tng khng.
Gii:
Ta c =789 kg/
=0.0012kg/m.s
p dng phng trnh becnuli:
+
Ta c
=f. .
= .
= ,
= =0.
= - =0.9m
=>Q=1.9.
Xt Re=
=0.00684
=795<2300 =>dng chy tng.
Bi 67:
Chiu cao h bng bao nhiu hnh 6.61 phn pht lu lng 0.015
commercial steel pipe.
/s qua ng D=0.5-in
Gii:
Vi nc 20 , =1.94slug/
=(2.09).
slug/ft.s
( )
Re=
Ta c f=0.0301
=11 ft/s
=4250
h= +
(1+f. )=
(1+0.0301(
ch :ft/ =0.3048m/
Bi 105:
Cho hnh v
ng cast-iron di 1200m,ng knh D=5cm.
Gi s im 1 c nng ln 400m.Xc nh p sut ti
im 1 lu lng l 0.005
ca nc 20 vo
h cha.
Gii:
Vi nc 20
=998 kg/
, =0.001kg/m.s
( )
Re=
=2.55m/s
=12700
+ =0+0+
=500-400+
+ +
[0.0315(1200/0.05)+0.5+2.(0.2)+4.(0.3)+8.5+1-1]=353
=> =353.998.(9.81)=3.46Mpa
Bi 6.118:
Tt c cc ng bng b tng vi g gh l
0.04in.Tnh tn tht p sut p1-p2 bng lbf/
nu Q=20 /s.cht lng l nc 20
Gii:
Vi nc 20 , =1.94slug/
=(2.09).
slug/ft.s
Ta c:
L=1000ft
d=12in
L/d=1000
1500ft
12in
2250
800ft
8in
800
0.00333
1200ft
15in
960
0.00267
= =
=0.00333
0.00500
=25.5(ft/s)
( )
=(2.36).
=0.027
=20 (
Suy ra:
=3.77
=5.38
Th vo ta c:Q=20
=349000,
=0.0306
=878000, =0.0271
=1002000,
Suy ra:
=1.835
=0.0255
(
(1+3.77 (
+5.38 (
=7.351
=10.814
Suy ra:
=5.25ft/s,
=9.36 ft/s,
=8.28ft/s
Vy tn tht p sut l:
- =
Prob 6.6
Nc 200C,cht lng chy qua ng c d=8cm,vi lu lng l 850cm3/s.Xc nh xem dng
chy tng hay dng chy ri trong cc trng hp sau:
a) Hydro
b) Khng kh
c) Xng
d) Nc
e) Thu ngn
f) Glycerin
Gii:
Ta tnh s Reynold:
Re D
V .D
Vi: V
0.169m / s
.D 2
.(0.08m) 2
Suy ra: Re D
v.d
0,169.0, 08
Ty thuc gi tr s Reynold, ta c
Chy tng nu: Re D 2320
Chy ri nu :
Re D 2320
Cht lng
, m2/s
ReD
Hydro
1.08E4
125
Chy tng
Khng kh
1.5E 5
900
Chy tng
Xng
4.3E 7
31400
Chy ri
Nc
1.0E 6
13500
Chy ri
Thy ngn
1.15E 7
117000
Chy ri
glycerin
1.18E 3
11.4
Chy tng
Prob 6.21:
Nc 20oC b tht thot qua 1 ng di 1m,d=2mm nh
hnh v.C phi bt k chiu cao H no cng cho dng chy
tng khng.Tnh lu lng ti H=50cm.B qua cong
ng.
BI GII:
Nc 20oC c =998kg/m3 v =0.001kg/m.s.Phng trnh Bernouli i vi cht lng thc:
patm 02
p
v2
z1 atm
z h
g 2g
g 2g 2 f
Hay:
V2
32 L
H
hf
V
2g
gd 2
0.5
=>
V2
32(0.001)(1.0)V
2.(9.81) 998(9.81)(0.002) 2
V 0.590
m
s
QH 50cm
m3
m3
0.0067
s
s
Kim tra:
Re
vi p1 = p2 = p0 , v1 v2 0 do b tng
i ln
=> h f z1 z2 0,9m
M
l v2
hf f . .
0,9
d 2g
64 64.
Re .v.d
.Q
.v.d d 2 g .g .d 2 . .g .d 4
=> h f
M Q
.d 2
4
=> h f
=> 2
.v
(do v
4.Q
)
.d 2
.d 2 Re. .d .Re.
.
4
.g
4.
128. .l
128. .l .d .Re. 32.Re. 2 .l
.
Q
0,9
. .g .d 4
. .g.d 4
4.
2 .g.d 3
6, 769.107
32.l.Re
32.1, 2.2300
Gii:
Nc 200C c 1,94slug / ft 3 ,
C v
0, 00085
0, 0017
(6 /12)
Q
Q
3
15,3 ft / s
2
S ( d / 4) ( / 4).(6 /12)
Re
709000
2, 09.105
f
(lg
0, 25
7, 4.r0
)2
0, 25
0, 0227
7, 4.(3 /12) 2
(lg
)
0, 00085
p1
v12
p2 v2 2
z h
z h
.g 2.g 1 bom .g 2.g 2 f
vi p1 = p2 = p0 , v1 v2 0 do b tng i ln
l v2
=> hbom z2 z1 h f z f . .
d 2g
120 ft 0, 0227.
2000 (15.3)3
.
120 330 450 ft
6 /12 2.9,81
Cng sut ca my bm l:
.g.Q.hbom 1,94.(32.2).3.450 112200
P
204 Hp
0, 75
550
Vy P=204 Hp
Prob 6.110:
Gii:
Nc 200C c 998kg / m3 ,
0,001kg / m.s
ng gang c 0, 26mm ,=>
0, 26
0, 0052
50
Q
Q
0, 004
2, 04m / s
2
S ( / 4).d
( / 4).0, 052
Re
102000
0, 001
f
(lg
0, 25
7, 4.r0
)2
0, 25
0, 0316
7, 4.0, 025 2
(lg
)
0, 00026
vi p1 = p2 = p0 , v1 0 do b tng i ln, v2 v
=>
v2
ht z h f hm
2g
=>
l v2
v2 v2
ht z f . .
Ki .
d 2g
2g 2g
=>
ht z
=>
=>
ht 40
v2
l
.[ f . K i 1]
2g
d
2, 042
125
.[0, 0316.
0,5 6,9 1] 21,5m
2.9,81
0, 05
Vy P= 840 W
Prob 6.119:
Cho h thng ng dn nh hnh v. tt c cc ng l lin nhau vi nhm l 0.04 inch. Tr lc
(p1-p2) l 98lbf/ in2. B qua tn tht cc b, xc nh tc dng chy theo n v m3/h.
Bi gii:
T cu 6.118 c pa 17000 v p 18800 =>u tin,chng ta c th on rng:
La Va 2
1.94Va 2
lpf
pa 0.092p 0.092(98 144) 1272 2 f a
(0.027)(1000)
ft
da 2
2
=>Va=22.5ft/s v Qa AaVa
Ta c: h fb
12
ft 3
22.05 17.3
4
s
8 fb LbQb 2
8 f c LcQc 2
8 f d Ld Qd 2
fc
fd
2 gdb5
2 gdc5
2 gdd 5
=> Qc 3.77Qb fb / fc
1/2
v Qd 5.38Qb fb / f d
1/2
Li c Qa Qb Qc Qd
=> Qa Qb 1 3.77 fb / f c
1/2
5.38( fb / f d )1/2
Cho f b f c f d
=>Qb=1.585ft3/s , Qc=6.375ft3/s, Qd=9.358ft3/s, fb=0.037
Ta c:
p1 p2 f a La / d a Va 2 / 2 f b Lb / db Vb 2 / 2 12717 1382 14099
ft 3
m3
=1763.573
s
h
lbf
lbf
98 2
2
ft
in