Ha phn tch nh tnh

Ngi son: L Vn Hu

PHN TCH NH TNH

I. Cation: 1. Nhm 1: Ag+, Pb2+, Hg22+ . a. Phn ng c trng: Thuc th Ag+ HCl long H2SO4 long NaOH hay KOH NH4OH d K2CO3 hay Na2CO3 K2CrO4 KI AgCl trng tan trong NH4OH d do to phc Ag[NH3]2+. Ag2O en To phc Ag[NH3]2+. Ag2CO3 trng. Ag2CrO4 nu AgI vng Cation Pb2+ PbCl2 trng nhng tan trong nc nng. PbSO4 trng Pb(OH)2 trng tan trong kim d to PbO22Pb(OH)2 trng Pb(OH)2CO3 trng PbCrO4 vng tan trong kim d.. PbIvng tan trong nc nng PbS en PbS2O3 trng Pb3(PO4)2 trng Hg22+ Hg2Cl2 trng tc dng vi NH4OH to Hg + NH2AgCl Hg2SO4 trng Hg2O en [Hg2ONH2]NO3 + Hg Hg2CO3Hg +HgO+ CO2 Hg2CrO4 Hg2I2 vng, xanh nu d thuc th to thnh HgI42- + Hg Hg2S en + Hg HgS en -

H2S Ag2S en Na2S2O3 Ag2S2O3 trng Na2HPO4 Ag3PO4 vng ti b. S tch cation nhm I:

Dung dch phn tch+ HCl 6N( tng git), lc k, li tm ly kt ta.

Ta T1(AgCl,PbCl2, Hg2Cl2) ra bng H2O + HCl 2N. un si, ly tm

Nc ly tm L1 ( c cation nhm II.III,IV,V)

Nc ly tm tm Pb2+

Ta T1.1( AgCl, Hg2Cl2)+ NH4OH lc k

Kt ta Hg22+

Nc li tm tm Ag+

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Ha phn tch nh tnh 2. Cation nhm II: Ba2+, Ca2+, Sr3+. a. Phn ng c trng: Thuc th H2SO4 long Ba BaSO4 trng
2+

Ngi son: L Vn Hu

Na2CO3 BaCO3 trng K2CrO4 + Mi trng trung tnh + BaCrO4 vng + Mi trng axit + BaCrO4 vng (NH4)2C2O4 BaC2O4 trng Na2HPO4 BaHPO4trng Th ngn la Mu vng lc. b. S tch cation nhm II:

Cation Ca2+ CaSO4 trng tan nhiu trong nc. CaCO3 trng ------CaC2O4 trng CaHPO4trng Mu gch.

Sr3+ SrSO4 trng SrCO3 trng + SrCrO4 vng + ---SrC2O4 trng SrHPO4trng Mu cacmin( mnh).

Nc li tm L1+ H2SO4 2N( tng git)+ C2H5OH un nh , li tm

Kt ta T2(BaSO4,CaSO4, SrSO4)+ Na2CO3 bo ha lc k, un nng, li tm, gn. lp li 3,4 ln chuyn ht thnh kt ta BaCO3, CaCO3, SrCO3. Ta (BaCO3, CaCO3, SrCO3) + CH3COOH 2N ( tan ht) Dung dch gm( Ba2+, Ca2+, Sr3+) + K2CrO4 5% ( ti dung dch mu vng) Ta BaCrO4 Tm Ba2+

Nc li tm L2 ( cc cation nhm III, IV,V)

Nc li tm gm( Ca2+, Sr2+) + Na2CO3 n dung dch ha vng) un nh, li tm. Kt ta(CaCO3, SrCO3)+ CH3COOH 2N ( tan ht) Dung dch( Ca2+, Sr2+) + (NH4)2SO4 bo ha Phn nc: b

Kt ta CrSO4 tm Sr2+

Nc li tm( Ca2+) + (NH4)2C2O4 CaC2O4 Tm Ca2+

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